Composite structure, housing and method of manufacture - Patents.com

Abstract

The housing-equipped volume compensation device (3) includes a support housing (32) and a pressure supply device (31), the support housing (32) has a hollow portion formed therein, a connecting passage (3201) is formed between the hollow portion and an external region of the support housing (32), and the pressure supply device (31) is installed in the hollow portion. The composite structure includes a part A, a part B, and a part C, the part A has a hollow portion formed therein, the part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, the part C is one or more housing-equipped volume compensation devices (3), and the parts B and C are located in the hollow portion. When the material B is in a flowable state, the housing-equipped volume compensation device (3) supplies and maintains pressure in the part B. When the material of part B is in a solid state, when the compressive stress in part B increases due to an external force received by the composite structure, the compressive stress of the surrounding medium that the outer surface of the support housing (32) in the housing-equipped volume compensation device (3) can withstand is much greater than the compressive stress caused by the pressure supply device (31).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of architecture, bridges, flood control, etc., and specifically relates to a composite structure and a manufacturing method thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] The concrete in a steel-concrete composite structure (a structure made of steel pipes and concrete) may shrink. In this case, separation occurs between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe, affecting the synergistic effect of both, and thus deteriorating the mechanical properties of the composite structure. In the prior art, there are two ways to solve this problem. One way is to change the shrinkage properties of the concrete material to minimize the amount of shrinkage or to expand the material. This method is not suitable for high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete. This method is not relevant to the present invention, so the description of it is omitted. Another method is to fill the steel tube with concrete and apply pressure to it. There are three ways to apply pressure:

[0003] The first pressurization method involves attaching a thin tube near the end of the steel pipe in the composite structure that is connected to a pressure device outside the steel pipe of the steel pipe concrete structure, and using the pressure device to apply pressure to the concrete inside the thin tube. Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength, the thin tube containing the concrete is cut.

[0004] When the concrete is in a fluid state, if the concrete inside the steel pipe shrinks, the pressurizing device pumps the concrete in the thin pipe into the steel pipe to compensate for the volume lost due to the shrinkage of the concrete. However, when the concrete hardens, the concrete inside the steel pipe may shrink. In this case, the concrete is barely able to flow, so the concrete in the thin pipe cannot enter the inside of the steel pipe to compensate for the volume lost due to the shrinkage of the concrete. At this time, the pressure of the steel pipe acting on the side of the concrete decreases, which may even lead to the concrete peeling off from the inside surface of the steel pipe.

[0005] The second method of pressurization is to apply pressure to the concrete inside the steel pipe from both ends. This method can be broadly divided into two types, A and B.

[0006] Method I There are two steel pipes in a composite structure, one thick and the other thin, with the thick steel pipe inserted outside the thin steel pipe. After the steel pipes are filled with concrete, the two steel pipes are fitted together by inserting them, and a press is used to apply pressure to them along the axial direction. This allows the two steel pipes to slide relative to each other along the axial direction, and pressure is applied to the concrete inside the steel pipes. After the pressure meets the requirements, the two steel pipes are connected so that they cannot move relative to each other. However, this method also has its drawbacks. Volume shrinkage occurs both before and after the concrete hardens. After the two steel pipes are fixed, the concrete may shrink further, and when the concrete shrinks, the tangential tensile strain of the steel pipes becomes smaller, and the pressure acting on the sides of the concrete in the steel pipes becomes smaller, and even the concrete may peel off from the inner surface of the steel pipe.

[0007] Method B Pistons are installed at both ends of the steel pipe, and the pistons can move along the axial direction inside the steel pipe. The concrete inside the steel pipe is pushed by pushing two pistons with a pressure device, and the pistons move closer to each other to push the concrete in the steel pipe. The pressure applied to the pistons is maintained until the concrete reaches a certain strength. The problem with this method is that when the aspect ratio (ratio of length to diameter) of the steel pipe is relatively large, the technical effect of this method is not very good. For example, when the aspect ratio is set to 7 (which often exceeds this value in actual applications), after the concrete is filled into the steel pipe, a certain force is applied to the pistons at both ends until the concrete has sufficient strength. However, even if the concrete has a certain strength after hardening, it may shrink. At this time, the pressure of the pistons is offset or reduced due to the strength of the concrete and the bonding force and friction force between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe, and the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle part in the longitudinal direction of the steel pipe is smaller than the axial compressive stress at both ends. The larger the aspect ratio, the smaller the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle part of the steel pipe. In the longitudinal direction, the radial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle part decreases as the concrete shrinks, and if the diameter of the steel pipe is relatively large, the concrete may even detach from the steel pipe. Moreover, method B requires large equipment during construction, which has the disadvantage of taking up a large amount of space.

[0008] The third type of pressurization method involves placing a pressure maintaining device, such as a rubber bar or gas bag, inside the sealed steel pipe concrete and applying pre-pressure to the concrete. The advantage of such a device is that when the concrete is in a flowable state and shrinkage occurs, the pressure maintaining device expands to compensate for the increased space in the hollow part of the steel pipe due to shrinkage. This allows the reduction in the compressive stress of the concrete to be within the required range. Even after the concrete hardens, compressive stress still exists between the outer surface of the pressure maintaining device and the concrete. However, this structure has the disadvantage that the rubber bar or gas bag becomes a weak part of the concrete, impairing the overall load-bearing capacity of the steel pipe concrete column. For example, when the pressure maintaining device is a cylindrical gas bag, its axis is parallel to the axis of the column. When a constantly increasing axial pressure is applied to the steel pipe concrete column, the concrete inside the steel pipe has a maximum normal stress direction parallel to the axial direction of the column in the area away from the pressure maintaining device, and the minimum principal stress and intermediate principal stress are equal and both perpendicular to the column axis. In contrast, the concrete in contact with the surface of the pressure retainer still has its maximum principal stress direction along the column axis, its minimum principal stress direction normal to the surface of the pressure retainer, and its intermediate principal stress direction tangential to the surface. According to the strength criteria, the maximum principal stress corresponding to the failure of the material is lowered as the minimum principal stress is reduced. Since the contact pressure of the gas bag is smaller than the compressive stress on the concrete on the inner wall of the steel pipe, the concrete near the gas bag can withstand a smaller compressive stress parallel to the column axis than the concrete in other areas. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] During the process of cement setting and hardening, chemical shrinkage occurs, that is, the absolute volume after hydration is smaller than the total volume of water and various other components involved in hydration before hydration. In steel pipe concrete composite structure, the volume shrinkage of concrete inside the steel pipe often leads to insufficient contact between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel pipe, and even leads to the peeling of concrete from the inner wall of the steel pipe, in which case the synergistic effect between the steel pipe and concrete cannot be fully exerted. High strength concrete, ultra-high strength concrete and reactive powder concrete contain relatively large amounts of cement and active admixtures, and the volume shrinkage during the hardening process is larger, so the synergistic effect with the steel pipe is more deteriorated.

[0010] The strength of the hardened cement body is related to the voids in the hardened cement body, and the smaller the voids, the higher the strength. During the process of setting and hardening, the cement can be sufficiently shrunk or compressed to reduce the voids in the hardened cement body and improve the strength of the hardened cement body. The strength of both cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of the hardened cement body, and the higher the strength of the hardened cement body, the higher the strength of the corresponding material.

[0011] Reactive powder concrete is a mixture of water and cement, silica fume, quartz powder, etc. as its base material, and the product produced after hydration has a different composition from that of conventional hardened cement bodies. However, its strength is also related to the porosity; the fewer the voids, the higher the strength. The axial strength of hardened cement paste, cement mortar, concrete, and reactive powder concrete is related to the respective lateral compressive stresses, and the greater the lateral compressive stress, the higher the strength.

[0012] The technical problem to be solved is explained by taking a concrete-filled steel pipe column as an example. A concrete-filled steel pipe is a steel pipe with both ends closed, a pressure-maintaining device installed in the hollow part of the steel pipe, and concrete filled in the hollow part of the steel pipe. When the concrete is still in a flowable state, it is subjected to an artificially applied pre-compressive stress. (1) The first technical problem that this invention aims to solve is to improve the uniaxial strength and triaxial strength of concrete in steel pipes, thereby improving the overall load-bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel pipe columns. (2) The second technical problem that the present invention aims to solve is to invent a pressure maintenance method and a pressure maintenance device to achieve the following two objectives. a. When the concrete is in a flowable state, the compressive stress of the concrete in the steel pipe remains approximately stable or varies within the required range. b. When the concrete reaches or is close to its ultimate strength, when the steel pipe concrete is subjected to an axial load, the pressure maintaining device provides sufficient radial resistance to prevent the surrounding concrete from bulging into the area occupied by the pressure maintaining device and to prevent a reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the surrounding concrete in the axial direction due to the bulging. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] (1) Volume compensation device with housing The volume compensation device with a housing comprises a pressure supply device and a support housing, the support housing has a hollow portion formed therein, a connecting passage is formed between the hollow portion and an external peripheral area of ​​the support housing, the pressure supply device is installed in the hollow portion, and the pressure supply device is configured to supply pressure to a medium in contact therewith. further, the support housing is a tube; (1) a hole is provided in the wall of the tube, both ends of the tube are closed, and the hole in the wall of the tube is used as a connecting passage connecting the hollow portion of the support housing to the external area around the support housing; (2) A hole is provided in the wall of the tube, and at least one of the ends of the tube is not blocked; (3) No holes are provided in the tube wall, and at least one of the two ends of the tube is not blocked, and the tube hole in the unblocked end of the tube is used as a passage connecting the hollow portion of the support housing to the external area surrounding the support housing; The present invention has at least one of the characteristics (1) to (3).

[0014] Furthermore, the tubular cross-sectional shape is outwardly convex, and preferably the pattern formed by the cross-sectional contour is circular or elliptical.

[0015] Furthermore, the support housing is a housing having a hole formed therein.

[0016] Furthermore, the housing in which the hole is provided has one of the following characteristics: (1) The housing is selected from a spherical housing and an ellipsoidal housing. (2) At least a portion of the housing is a portion of a spherical housing, a portion of an ellipsoidal housing, or a cylindrical housing. Furthermore, the shape of the hole in the support housing is selected from a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a rectangle with rounded corners, and a gap having a certain length.

[0017] Further, the pressure supply device is selected from a pressurizing device, an energy storage device, and a pressurized energy storage device; (1) the pressure device is configured to change or maintain pressure between its outer surface and a medium in contact therewith; (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics: When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases, and the energy storage device absorbs energy; and / or when the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases, and the energy storage device releases energy; (3) The pressurized energy storage device has at least one of the following first and second characteristics: The first feature is a pressurized energy storage device configured to change or maintain pressure between an exterior surface of the pressurized energy storage device and a medium in contact therewith; The second feature is that, under conditions where other influencing factors are constant, when the pressure received by the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device decreases and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure received by the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

[0018] Furthermore, (1) the pressurizing device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized liquid bag, and a self-inflating device; (2) the energy storage device is selected from a gas bag, a gas-liquid bag, an energy storage liquid bag, a solid elastic body energy storage device, and an elastic housing energy storage device; (3) The pressurized energy storage device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and a self-inflating device; Preferably, the self-inflating device is a type A self-inflating device, preferably, the type A self-inflating device is a type A1 self-inflating device, preferably, the type A1 self-inflating device is at least one of a type A1a self-inflating device and a type A1b self-inflating device; Preferably, the self-inflating device is a type B self-inflating device.

[0019] Furthermore, the gas bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurized energy storage device are selected from a normal gas bag, an upper limit gas bag, a lower limit gas bag and a double limit gas bag; The gas-liquid bag used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurized energy storage device is selected from a normal gas-liquid bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, a lower limit gas-liquid bag and a double limit gas-liquid bag; The liquid bags used as the pressurizing device, the energy storage device and the pressurized energy storage device are selected from a normal liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag, a lower limit liquid bag and a double limit liquid bag, and preferably the liquid bag is provided with a pipe connected to a hydraulic pressure source, and preferably the liquid bag is provided with a pipe connected to a hydraulic pressure source and an accumulator.

[0020] Furthermore, the pressure supply device is selected from a type A self-inflating device and a type B self-inflating device, and preferably, the type A self-inflating device is a type A1 self-inflating device.

[0021] Furthermore, the pressure supply device is long and includes a flexible conduit and sealing devices at both ends of the conduit, and the sealing devices at both ends are connected to the flexible conduit.

[0022] Preferably, the material of the flexible pipeline can be bent at least in the circumferential direction and has a bending stiffness close to 0, and preferably, the tensile strain of the material of the flexible pipeline in the circumferential direction of the pipeline is less than a predetermined value δ, preferably, the tensile strain of the material of the flexible pipeline in the circumferential direction of the pipeline is greater than a predetermined value δ, and preferably, δ is 5% or less.

[0023] Furthermore, the pressure supply device is a bag-type pressure supply device, including a bag-type energy storage device, a bag-type pressurizing device and a bag-type pressurized energy storage device.

[0024] Preferably, the bag in the bag-type energy storage device, the bag-type pressurizing device and the bag-type pressurized energy storage device is elongated and includes a flexible pipeline and sealing devices at both ends of the pipeline, and the sealing devices at both ends are connected to the flexible pipeline.

[0025] and / or a fluid-solid conversion material is filled in a gap between the inner wall of the support housing and the outer surface of the pressure supply device. The fluid-solid conversion material resides in an exterior peripheral region of the support housing.

[0026] Furthermore, the device (1) when the fluid solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the fluid solid conversion material is capable of flowing through the connecting passages; and (2) when the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the fluid-solid conversion material and the support housing form a composite housing, the composite housing including the support housing and the solidified fluid-solid conversion material within a specific area around the support housing, and the composite housing can withstand the pressure of the medium around the support housing; The present invention has at least one of the characteristics (1) to (2).

[0027] (2) Manufacturing method of the volume compensation device with housing The method for manufacturing a volume compensation device with a housing includes manufacturing the volume compensation device with a housing described in part (1).

[0028] (3) A method of supplying pressure to the surrounding medium using a volume compensation device with a housing The method of providing pressure to a surrounding medium using a volumetric compensation device with a housing comprises: (1) The housing-equipped volume compensation device uses the housing-equipped volume compensation device described in part (1), (2) In the process of supplying pressure using the housing-equipped volume compensation device, in addition to the support housing and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required; the fluid-solid conversion material being a material capable of changing from a fluid state to a solid state; (3) the spatial relationship of the support housing, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the housing volume compensation device has the following characteristics: a fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support housing and the outer surface of the pressure supply device; and / or a fluid-solid conversion material is present on at least a portion of the exterior peripheral region of the support housing; (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, a. when the pressure from the external medium received by the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support housing increases, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the hollow portion surrounded by the support housing through the connecting passage, and pushes the pressure supply device in the hollow portion to reduce the apparent volume of the pressure supply device; when the pressure from the external medium received by the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support housing and / or through the connecting passage decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion increases, allowing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow to the outside of the support housing; and / or b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device pushes the fluid-solid conversion material in the hollow part of the support housing to flow out of the support housing through the connecting passage; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support housing receives the pressure of the surrounding medium, and the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the hollow part of the support housing through the connecting passage; (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, The fluid-solid conversion material and the support housing form a composite housing, the composite housing collectively resisting pressure from an external medium, and the support housing capable of withstanding pressure exerted on its exterior surface by the hardened fluid-solid conversion material.

[0029] (IV) Composite structural members The composite structural member includes a portion A, a portion B, and a portion C, Part A is a solid body having a hollow space formed therein. Part B is a fluid solid conversion material, the fluid solid conversion material being capable of changing from a flowable state to a solid state; Part C is one or more housing-equipped volume compensation devices, the housing-equipped volume compensation devices being the housing-equipped volume compensation devices described in part (1), each housing-equipped volume compensation device comprising a support housing and a pressure supply device; The volume compensation device with the housing and the material which is part B are located in a hollow space surrounded by part A.

[0030] Furthermore, a hollow portion is formed in the portion A, or two or more hollow portions are formed in the portion A, When two or more hollow parts are formed in the part A, the hollow parts are (1) At least two hollow portions are in communication with each other, and the communication means that there is a connecting passage between the two hollow portions and a medium in a flowable state can pass from one hollow portion to the other hollow portion; (2) At least two hollow portions are isolated from each other, where isolation means that there is no connecting passage between the two hollow portions; It has at least one of the characteristics (1) and (2).

[0031] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B is selected from the following four types. (1) Cement-based materials The cement-based materials include cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, normal strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete. (2) Mixtures of cement-based materials and polymeric materials The cement in the cement-based material is involved in hydration. Preferably, the polymeric material is a polymer emulsion. Preferably, said polymeric material is a self-curable polymeric material, preferably said self-curable polymeric material is an epoxy resin. (3) Polymeric material that can harden by itself Preferably, the self-curable polymeric material comprises an epoxy resin. (4) A mixture of a polymeric material and at least one of a solid powder and solid granules. Preferably, the part B material is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder. Preferably, said part B material is a mixture of polymeric material and solid granules. Preferably, the part B material is a mixture of polymeric materials, solid powders and solid granules. Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder, and the solid granules are metal granules or inorganic non-metallic material granules. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and the inorganic non-metallic material granules are stone powder and stone, respectively.

[0032] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, material B is 1 , B 2 …B i , B i+1 …B M The M types of materials that are part B are located in different regions, and the various materials that are part B are fluid-solid conversion materials. Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B has at least one of the following first and second characteristics: (1) The first feature At least one i and one j exist, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j are satisfied, and at least one time period exists corresponding to the i and j, and during the time period, material B i On the other hand, material B j The liquidity of (2) The second feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j are satisfied, and the corresponding material B i and Material B j has the following characteristics: (i) Material B j The end time of the flowable state of material B is i After the end of the flowable state of material B i earlier than the onset of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (ii) The above B j The end time of the material's flowable state is Material B i This is after the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage.

[0033] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, at least one i exists, where 1≦i≦M is satisfied, and the corresponding B i The material has at least one of the following first, second, and third characteristics: (i) The first feature Material B i In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, at least the material B among all the materials that are the part B is in one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages. i is subjected to compressive stress, (ii) The second feature Material B i During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, at least the material B among all the materials that are part B, during one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages of the process, i is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress, (iii) The third feature Material B i After solidification, at least the material B among all the materials of the part B i is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress. Preferably, when M=1, the i=1, and the B i B 1 and all of the material parts B are material B 1 It is.

[0034] Furthermore, after all of the material of part B in at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A has solidified, said component has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) In the material that is part, a plurality of parts or all of part B in the hollow portion, compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress exists. (2) A compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the inner wall of part A of a part, a plurality of parts or all of the hollow portion and the material of part B. (3) In the hollow portion, compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the outer surface of the support housing and the material of portion B.

[0035] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by the part A, there is further present a simplified pressurizing device, which is selected from a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing line having a medium, and a set-retarding pressurized liquid bag.

[0036] Further, (1) the composite structural member has an axis along one segment, multiple segments, or the entire length of the composite structural member; and (2) The axis is (i) one or more segments or all of the axes of the member are straight along the entire axis; (ii) one, more than one or all of the axes of the member are curved; (iii) of all axes of the member, at least one segment has a straight axis and at least one segment has a curved axis; The present invention has at least one of the characteristics (i) to (iii) of the above.

[0037] Further, in one segment, a plurality of segments, or the entire length of the composite structural member, The pattern formed by the outline of the cross section of the composite structural member and / or the pattern formed by the outline of the cross section of the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A has the following characteristics: The pattern is a pattern formed by at least one of straight lines and curved lines, Preferably, the pattern is outwardly convex, preferably the pattern is an outwardly convex polygon, preferably the pattern is an outwardly convex curved pattern, preferably the pattern is circular or elliptical, preferably the pattern is a rounded polygon.

[0038] Furthermore, the composite structural member has (1) In at least a portion of the length of the composite structural member, cross sections at different points in the longitudinal direction have the same shape and size; (2) In at least a portion of the length of the composite structural member, cross sections at different locations in the longitudinal direction have similar shapes and different sizes; (3) At least two portions of the composite structural member in the longitudinal direction have different cross-sectional shapes and different sizes, at least in a portion of the length of the composite structural member; The present invention has one of the characteristics (1) to (3). Furthermore, the composite structural member is a columnar compression member having a straight axis and only one hollow portion, or the composite structural member is a compression member having an arch-shaped curved axis and only one hollow portion.

[0039] Furthermore, the housing-equipped volume compensation device is (1) The apparent bulk modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much smaller than the bulk modulus and volumetric deformation modulus of the material at any stage, part B, the any stage being any stage in the entire process, the entire process being the process in which the material goes from a flowable state to a solid state where it has reached its final strength; (2) after the fluid solid conversion material solidifies to a predetermined strength, the composite housing formed by the fluid solid conversion material and the support housing has an apparent bulk modulus and an apparent volumetric deformation modulus that are much greater than those of the pressure supply device; (3) after the fluid-solid-conversion material solidifies to a predetermined strength, the maximum pressure of the surrounding medium that the composite housing formed by the fluid-solid-conversion material and the support housing can withstand is much greater than the pressure supplied to the surrounding medium by the pressure supply device when the pressure supply device operates alone; (4) the maximum pressure of the surrounding medium that the outer surface of the support housing at the portion where no holes are provided can withstand is much greater than the pressure supplied to the surrounding medium by the pressure supply device when the pressure supply device operates alone; (5) When the support housing is a circular steel tube with holes in the tube wall and the pressure supply device is a long tubular bag-type energy storage device, when the same radial pressure is applied to the outer surface, the value obtained by dividing the radial displacement increment of the steel tube in the portion where no holes are provided in the tube wall by the outer diameter is much smaller than the value obtained by dividing the radial displacement increment of the bag-type pressure supply device by the outer diameter; The present invention has at least one of the characteristics (1) to (5).

[0040] (5) Manufacturing methods for composite structural members The method for manufacturing the composite structure comprises: A step (1) of obtaining a part A having a hollow portion; (2) placing or fixing one or more housing-equipped volume compensation devices in a hollow space surrounded by the part A; Step (3) of filling the hollow portion with a material which is part B; (4) applying pressure to the material in the hollow portion B; The order of steps (2) and (3) in the manufacturing process is not affected. The material that is part B is a fluid-solid conversion material; The volume compensation device with housing is the volume compensation device with housing described in part (1), and each volume compensation device with housing comprises a pressure supply device and a support housing, and the pressure supply device is installed in the hollow portion of the support housing.

[0041] Furthermore, one or more hollow portions are formed in the portion A of the composite structural member, When the number of the hollow portions is two or more, the hollow portions are (1) At least two hollow portions are in communication with each other, and the communication means that there is a connecting passage between the two hollow portions and a medium in a flowable state can pass from one hollow portion to the other hollow portion; and (2) At least two hollow portions are isolated from each other, where isolation means that there is no connecting passage between the two hollow portions; The present invention has at least one of the characteristics (1) to (2). and at an appropriate time filling a gap between an exterior surface of the pressure supply device and an interior surface of the support housing with a fluid-solid conversion material; Preferably, before placing the housing-equipped volume compensation device in the hollow space surrounded by part A, a fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state is filled at least in the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support housing, and / or When filling the hollow portion surrounded by part A with material of part B, or when applying pressure to the material of part B in the hollow portion surrounded by part A, the material of part B in the peripheral region near the outer surface of the support housing enters the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support housing through a passage in the support housing.

[0042] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B is selected from the following four types. (1) Cement-based materials Preferably, the cement-based material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, normal strength concrete, high strength concrete, ultra high strength concrete. (2) Mixtures of cement-based materials and polymeric materials The cement is involved in hydration. Preferably, the polymeric material is a polymer emulsion. Preferably, the polymeric material is a self-curable polymeric material and includes an epoxy resin. (3) Polymeric material that can harden by itself Preferably, the self-curable polymeric material comprises an epoxy resin. (4) A mixture of a polymeric material with at least one of a solid powder and solid granules. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid granule. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material, a solid powder and a solid granule. Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder. The solid granules are metal granules or inorganic non-metallic material granules. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and the inorganic non-metallic material granules are stone powder and stone (pebbles), respectively.

[0043] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, material B is 1 , B 2 …B i , B i+1 …B M The material includes M kinds of material that are the moiety B, and the M kinds of material that are the moiety B are located in different regions. Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B has at least one of the following first and second characteristics: (1) The first feature At least one i and one j exist, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j are satisfied, and at least one time period exists corresponding to the i and j, and during the time period, material B i On the other hand, material B j The liquidity of (2) The second feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j are satisfied, and the corresponding material B i and Material B j has the following characteristics: (i) Material B j The end time of the flowable state of material B is i After the end of the flowable state of material B i earlier than the onset of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (ii) The above B j The end time of the material's flowable state is Material B i This is after the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage.

[0044] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, at least one i exists, where 1≦i≦M is satisfied, and a corresponding material Bi has at least one of the following first, second, and third characteristics, (i) The first feature Material B i In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, at least the material B among all the materials that are the part B is in one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages. i is subjected to compressive stress, (ii) The second feature Material B i During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, at least the material B among all the materials that are part B, during one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages of the process, i is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress, (iii) The third feature Material B i After solidification, at least the material B among all the materials of the part B i is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress.

[0045] Furthermore, when at least one housing-equipped volume compensation device is installed in at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, and a material, which is part B in contact with the outer surface of the support housing, is in a flowable state, the conversion structural member has at least one of the following first and second characteristics. (1) The first feature (i) When the volume of material, part B, between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A decreases, or when some of the material, part B, in that area flows out of that area, or when the space occupied by other devices or materials in that area becomes empty, or when the volume of the hollow area surrounded by part A increases, the volume of the pressure supply device within the hollow area of ​​the support housing expands, causing the material, part B, in the hollow area of ​​the support housing to flow through the connecting passage to the surrounding area outside the support housing. (ii) when the volume of the material of part B between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A becomes large, or when the space occupied by the material of part B in that area becomes empty, or when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device within the hollow portion of the support housing becomes small, the material of part B in the hollow portion surrounded by part A is caused to flow through a connecting passage to the surrounding area outside the support housing. (2) The second feature (i) when the pressure of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion of the support housing changes, the material that is part B in the hollow portion of the support housing transmits the change in pressure to the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A through the connecting passage; When the pressure of the material in part B between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A changes, such change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion of the support housing, and / or (ii) when the volume of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion of the support housing expands, material of part B in the hollow portion of the support housing flows through the connecting passage into the region between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A; When the volume of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion of the support housing contracts and compressive stress exists in the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A, the material that is part B between the outer surface of the support housing and the inner wall of part A enters the hollow portion of the support housing through the connecting passage.

[0046] Furthermore, the housing-equipped volume compensation device is (1) The apparent bulk modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much smaller than the bulk modulus and volumetric deformation modulus of the material at any stage, part B, the any stage being any stage in the entire process, the entire process being the process in which the material goes from a flowable state to a solid state where it has reached its final strength; (2) after the fluid solid conversion material solidifies to a predetermined strength, the composite housing formed by the fluid solid conversion material and the support housing has an apparent bulk modulus and an apparent volumetric deformation modulus that are much greater than those of the pressure supply device; (3) after the fluid-solid-conversion material solidifies to a predetermined strength, the maximum pressure of the surrounding medium that the composite housing formed by the fluid-solid-conversion material and the support housing can withstand is much greater than the pressure supplied to the surrounding medium by the pressure supply device when the pressure supply device operates alone; (4) the maximum pressure of the surrounding medium that the outer surface of the support housing at the portion where no holes are provided can withstand is much greater than the pressure supplied to the surrounding medium by the pressure supply device when the pressure supply device operates alone; (5) When the support housing is a circular steel tube with holes in the tube wall and the pressure supply device is a long tubular bag-type energy storage device, when the same radial pressure is applied to the outer surface, the value obtained by dividing the radial displacement increment of the steel tube in the portion where no holes are provided in the tube wall by the outer diameter is much smaller than the value obtained by dividing the radial displacement increment of the bag-type pressure supply device by the outer diameter; The present invention has at least one of the characteristics (1) to (5).

[0047] Furthermore, a simplified pressurizing device is further installed in the composite structural member in at least one hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, and the simplified pressurizing device is configured to change or maintain a compressive stress of the material that is the portion B in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A; The simplified pressurizing device is selected from a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing line having a medium, and a retarding pressurized liquid bag, and the simplified pressurizing device does not include a support housing.

[0048] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, the simplified pressurizing device and the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device are used in combination to change or maintain the pressure of the material in the portion B; The combined use is characterized by using the pressure supply device and the simplified pressurizing device simultaneously at least during a certain period of time, and / or using the pressure supply device and the simplified pressurizing device alternately at least during a certain period of time.

[0049] Additionally, the composite structural member may be a compression member having a straight axis or a compression member having an arcuate curved axis. Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j are satisfied, and the corresponding material B i and Material B j and are adjacent to each other, and their relationship has one of the following characteristics: (1) Material B i The material B j Any interface of the side facing the material B contacts only the isolation device, j Do not come into contact with (2) Material B i The material B j A part of the boundary surface facing material B i The interface of material B contacts the isolation device. j does not come into contact with other materials B i The interface between the two materials is material B. j Direct contact with. (3) Material B i The material B j Any interface facing the material B j Direct contact with. Preferably, in a composite structural member used as a column, the isolation device is a steel cylinder, and material B i is inside the cylinder, and material B j is present on the outside of the cylinder. Preferably, both the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are closed, and a material inlet is provided at the upper end. i Any interface of material B j Preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not blocked and material B is not in direct contact with the i and material B j The upper end of the ferrule is in direct contact with the ferrule.

[0050] Furthermore, at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A contains only one material that is portion B, in which case M=1; The composite structural member has at least one sub-member having a cross-section characterized by: (1) When the axis of the composite structural member is a straight line, (i) when only one of the housing-equipped volume compensation devices is installed in the hollow section surrounded by the portion A, the device is installed in the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow section, or (ii) When two or more of the housing-equipped volume compensation devices are installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the part A, the locations of the housing-equipped volume compensation devices are installed symmetrically with respect to the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion, or are installed symmetrically with respect to a specific straight line, (2) If the axis of the member is a curve lying in a plane, (i) When only one volume compensation device with a housing is installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, The housing-attached volume compensation device is installed at the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion, or the housing-attached volume compensation device is positioned at a plane on which the axis is located, but is offset from the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion, or (ii) When two or more of the housing-attached volume compensation devices are installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, the housing-attached volume compensation devices are installed so as to be symmetrical with respect to the plane on which the axis is located.

[0051] Furthermore, in at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B has the following characteristics (I), (II), and (III), The feature (I) is that in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, 1 and B. 2 In this case, M=2, and material B 1 and Material B 2 are located in different regions, The feature (II) is that at least one housing-equipped volume compensation device has an outer surface entirely or almost entirely made of material B. 2 Contact with The characteristic (III) is the material B 1 and Material B 2 has at least one of the following three features: first feature, second feature, and third feature, (1) The first feature Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 After the end of the flowable state of material B 1 earlier than the onset of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 After the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (2) The second feature There is at least one time period, and during the time period, material B 1 On the other hand, material B 2 The liquidity of (3) The third feature Material B 1 and Material B 2 has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Material B 1 In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, during one time period, multiple time periods, or all of the stages, 1 and Material B 2 At least one of the two is subjected to compressive stress, (ii) Material B 1 During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, the material B may solidify in one or more periods or during all stages. 1 and Material B 2 At least one of the above is subjected to a compressive stress or a pre-compressive stress, (iii) Material B 1 After solidification, the material B 1 is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress, and / or said material B 2is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress, (iv) Material B 1 and Material B 2 After each solidifies, the material B 1 is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress, and / or said material B 2 is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress. Furthermore, in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, 1 , B 2 and B. 3 In this case, M=3, and material B 1 , Material B 2 and Material B 2 are located in different regions, The method has at least one of the following three features: (1) Feature A At least one housing volume compensation device is material B 3 and said material B 3 is in a flowable state, material B 1 and Material B 2 When the volume of at least one of the material B and the material B contacts the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device by being pushed by the pressure supply device, the material B contacts the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device. 3 The material B flows out of the hole in the support housing. 1 and Material B 2 Compensating for the volume loss due to shrinkage of at least one of (2) Feature B above Material B 1 , Material B 2 and Material B 3 has one of the following three characteristics: (1) First Feature a. Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 and / or later than the onset of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of b. Material B 3 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 2The end time of the flowable state of material B is later than the end time of the flowable state of material B. 2 earlier than the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (2) Second feature a. Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 and / or later than the onset of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of b. Material B 3 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 2 Later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (3) Third feature a. Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 After the end of the flowable state of material B 1 and / or, b. Material B 3 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 2 After the end of the flowable state of material B 2 earlier than the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (3) The above feature C Material B 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Material B 1 In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, during one time period, multiple time periods, or all of the stages, 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 At least one of the materials is subjected to compressive stress, (ii) Material B 1 During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, material B may solidify during one, multiple, or all stages of the process. 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 At least one of the materials is subjected to a compressive stress or a pre-compressive stress, (iii) Material B 1 After solidification, the material B1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 At least one of the materials is subjected to a compressive stress, a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress; (iv) Material B 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 After everything has solidified, add ingredient B. 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 At least one of the materials is subjected to a compressive stress, a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress.

[0052] (6) Bag-type pressure supply device The upper bag has the following characteristics: When only fluid is in contact with the inner and outer surfaces of the bag wall, and the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, When the internal and external pressure differential is below a certain critical value, the apparent volume of the upper bag increases significantly as the internal and external pressure differential increases. Above a certain critical value of the internal and external pressure differential, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper bag remain relatively stable and do not change significantly with increasing pressure differential.

[0053] Furthermore, the upper bag has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The upper limit bag achieves volume change by changing its shape. Preferably, the bag wall material is a material that is bendable but has only slight tensile deformation. Preferably, the method of manufacturing the bag wall material comprises applying a non-breathable material, such as a curable rubber, to a high strength fiber fabric. (2) The upper bag is wrapped with a restraining cover on the outer surface of the ordinary bag, the restraining cover is made of high-strength fiber, and when the ordinary bag expands to be in close contact with the restraining cover, the restraining cover restricts the expansion of the bag wall. The tensile breaking elongation of the high-strength fiber is less than a predetermined value δ, or the elongation of the high-strength fiber is less than a predetermined value δ within a predetermined tensile load range in application.

[0054] Preferably, the fiber elongation δ is less than 5%. Preferably, the fiber elongation δ is less than 10%. Preferably, the fiber elongation δ is less than 15%. Preferably, the fiber elongation δ is less than 20%. The ordinary bag can realize a change in apparent volume by at least one of a change in shape and a change in size.

[0055] Preferably, the apparent volume of the ordinary bag increases significantly with increasing internal and external pressure difference before bursting, and there is no critical value for the internal and external pressure difference. Preferably, the ordinary bag is a rubber bag. The lower limit bag has the following characteristics: The shape and / or apparent volume of the bag is the required shape and volume when the pressure differential is negative, the pressure differential being the difference between the pressure of the fluid inside the bag and the pressure of the fluid outside the bag.

[0056] Additionally, supports of specific shapes are provided inside the lower bag, the shape of the supports determining the final shape of the bag walls under the action of the external high pressure. Preferably, the shape of the support includes a trefoil shape, a quatrefoil shape, a dumbbell shape, a circle shape, and the like.

[0057] Preferably, the support is made of a trefoil-shaped steel pipe, a quatrefoil-shaped steel pipe, a dumbbell-shaped steel pipe, or a circular steel pipe, and small holes are distributed on the wall of the steel pipe, so that the gas can pass through the small holes. Preferably, the diameter of the small holes is 0.1-1 mm. When the bag wall is pressed to contact the outer surface of the steel pipe, the gas in the gas bag, or the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid bag, is forced into the inside of the steel pipe.

[0058] Preferably, the steel tube is provided at both ends with a sealing device having a smooth surface, which can prevent the bag wall from being destroyed.

[0059] Preferably, the lower limit bag has a very small amount of tangential stretch in the material of the bag wall, and has dumbbell-shaped, trefoil-shaped or quatrefoil-shaped supports installed therein, and the cross-sectional perimeter of the bag is slightly greater than or equal to the cross-sectional perimeter of the supports.

[0060] In this case, the lower limit bag is in fact a double limit bag. Preferably, the bag wall material has a very high tangential stretch capacity (e.g. rubber) and supports may use shapes such as dumbbell, trefoil, and quatrefoil (Figure 8), as well as circular, triangular, square, etc.

[0061] The dual limit bag has two features: (1) When only fluid is in contact with the inner and outer walls of the bag and the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, When the internal and external pressure differential is below a certain critical value, the apparent volume of the upper bag increases significantly as the internal and external pressure differential increases.

[0062] Above a certain critical value of the internal and external pressure differential, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper bag remain relatively stable and do not change significantly with increasing pressure differential. (2) When the internal and external pressure difference is a negative value, the shape and / or apparent volume of the gas bag is the required shape and volume. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0063] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a volume compensation device with a housing. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a volume compensation device with a housing. [Diagram 3] 1 shows a volume compensation device with a jointed housing having an elongated pressure supply device. [Figure 4] 1 shows a volume compensation device with a seamed housing equipped with a spherical pressure supply device. [Diagram 5] 4 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a brittle housing. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a chemical reaction self-expansion device. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a chemical reaction self-expansion device. [Figure 8] 1 is a diagram showing the cross-sectional shape of a support in a lower limit bag. [Figure 9] 13 is a diagram showing a state in which the lower limit bag is pressed to the lower limit. [Figure 10] 13 is a view showing the lower bag wall fully deployed. [Figure 11] 1 is a diagram showing the working principle of a volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 12] This is a vertical plan view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including one type of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 13] A cross-sectional view of a steel tube concrete compression member including a material and a volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 14] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including one type of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 15] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a housing-equipped volume compensation device in a steel pipe concrete compression member including one type of material B and one housing-equipped volume compensation device. [Figure 16] This is a vertical plan view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including one type of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 17] This is a vertical plan view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including one type of material B and six housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Figure 18] A cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including one type of material B and six housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Figure 19] This is a vertical plan view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 20] A cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 21] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 22] This is a vertical plan view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of materials B and two volume compensation devices with housings. [Figure 23] A cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of material B and two volume compensation devices with housings. [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of materials B and two housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Diagram 25] This is a vertical plan view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of material B and four housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Figure 26] A cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of material B and four housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Figure 27] A partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including two types of material B and four housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Figure 28] This is a vertical plan view of a steel-tube concrete arch-shaped compression member including two types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Figure 29] A cross-sectional view of a steel-tube concrete arch compression member including two types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Diagram 30] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a steel-tube concrete arch-shaped compression member including two types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Diagram 31] A cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including three types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Diagram 32] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including three types of material B and one volume compensation device with a housing. [Diagram 33] A cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including three types of material B and two volume compensation devices with housings. [Diagram 34] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including three types of material B and two housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Diagram 35] A longitudinal cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including three types of material B and four housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Diagram 36] A cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including three types of material B and four volume compensation devices with housings. [Figure 37] A half cross-sectional view of a steel tubular concrete compression member including three types of material B and four housing-equipped volume compensation devices. [Figure 38] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a steel pipe having three hollow sections, designated as part A. [Figure 39] This is a drawing showing a lattice including three supports. [Diagram 40] This is a drawing showing a lattice including three supports. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0064] (1) Volume compensation device with housing The volume compensation device with housing comprises a pressure supply device and a support housing, a hollow portion formed in the support housing and a connecting passage formed between the hollow portion and a peripheral area outside the support housing, the pressure supply device being disposed in the hollow portion, the pressure supply device being configured to supply pressure to a medium in contact therewith.

[0065] The following description will be given with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 as examples. These drawings are merely for the purpose of explanation and do not limit the contents of the invention. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of Figs. 2 to 4. Fig. 1 shows three embodiments in combination with Figs. 2, 3, and 4, respectively.

[0066] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the support housing is a steel pipe 32, and a hole 3201 is formed in the pipe wall. One end of the pipe is (the housing with a convex outward projection), and the other end of the pipe is plugged by a threaded plug 3202. The plug 3202 is removably installed in the pipe 32. A pressure supply device 31 is attached to the hollow part of the support housing 32. During installation, the pressure supply device 31 is inserted into the pipe from the plug side, and the plug 3202 is screwed in.

[0067] 3, the support housing includes an upper part 321, a lower part 322, and a connecting sleeve 323. The upper part 321 and the lower part 322 are separable and connectable by the connecting sleeve 323. The reason for dividing the support housing into two parts, the upper part and the lower part, is to install the pressure supply device 31 in the hollow part of the support housing. The support housing has a hole 3211 formed in the upper part and a hole 3221 formed in the lower part. As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the support housing is the same as that shown in Figure 3, and the pressure supply device includes several of at least one of a spherical gas bag, a spherical gas-liquid bag, and a solid elastic sphere.

[0068] The hole 3201 in the pipe wall shown in Figures 1 and 2 is the above-mentioned connecting passage. The hole 3211 and the hole 3221 shown in Figures 3 and 4 are also connecting passages.

[0069] Preferred form of support housing Preferably, the support housing includes a tube and an outer convex housing.

[0070] Preferred configuration of the support housing tube The tube has no holes in its wall and is unblocked at least at one end. A hole is provided in the wall of the tube, and both ends of the tube are plugged. A hole is provided in the wall of the tube, and at least one of the ends of the tube is unobstructed. Preferably, the tube has an outer cross-sectional contour that is outwardly convex and is suitable for withstanding a uniform normal pressure on the periphery. Preferably, the outer cross-sectional contour of the tube is circular or elliptical.

[0071] When the support housing is a tube, regardless of whether a hole is provided in the tube wall, as long as at least one end of the tube is unblocked, the tube hole formed by the inner surface of the tube wall at the unblocked end of the tube is a connecting passage connecting the hollow portion of the tube with the peripheral area outside the tube, and the cross-section of this passage is the same as the cross-section of the hollow portion of the tube.

[0072] Preferred form of outer convex housing The outer convex housing of the support housing is a spherical housing or an ellipsoid housing, and a hole is formed in the housing.

[0073] Support Housing Material The materials of manufacture of the tube and the outer convex housing are metal, composite, and polymeric materials. Preferably, the material of manufacture of said tube and said outer convex housing is structural steel.

[0074] Pressure Supply Device The pressure supply device is selected from a pressurizing device, an energy storage device, and a pressurized energy storage device.

[0075] Energy Storage Device The energy storage device has the following features: When the pressure experienced by the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure experienced by the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy.

[0076] The energy storage device is selected from a gas bag, a gas-liquid bag, an energy storage liquid bag, a solid elastic energy storage device, and an elastic housing energy storage device.

[0077] Energy Storage Fluid Bag A feature of the energy storage liquid bag is that the liquid bag is connected to an accumulator via a pipe, and when the pressure of the liquid in the liquid bag increases, the liquid is pushed into the accumulator, and when the pressure of the liquid in the liquid bag decreases, the liquid in the accumulator flows out of the accumulator.

[0078] Gas bag The gas bag is characterized in that it is filled with compressed gas.

[0079] Gas-Liquid Bag The gas-liquid bag is characterized in that the bag is filled with liquefied gas, and the medium in the bag is partly gas and partly liquid.

[0080] Pressurizing Device The pressure device is characterized in that it is configured to alter or maintain pressure between its exterior surface and a medium in contact therewith. The pressurizing device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized liquid bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, and a self-inflating device.

[0081] Preferably, the self-inflating device is a Type A self-inflating device. Preferably, the type A self-inflating device is a Type 1 self-inflating device. Preferably, the type 1 self-inflating device is at least one of a Type 1a self-inflating device and a Type 1b self-inflating device. Preferably, the self-inflating device is a type B self-inflating device.

[0082] Pressurized Gas Bag The pressurized gas bag is connected to an air pressure source through a pipeline, and the air pressure source can adjust the gas pressure in the pipeline and the gas bag. Preferably, the air pressure source is an air pump. When the air pump stops, the pressurized gas bag becomes an energy storage device.

[0083] Pressurized Fluid Bag The pressurized liquid bag is connected to a hydraulic pressure source through a line, and the hydraulic pressure source can adjust the pressure of the liquid in the line and the liquid bag. Preferably, an accumulator is further connected to the line of the pressurized liquid bag. When the volume of the accumulator is very small, the accumulator only plays a role of stabilizing the pressure. At this time, the pressurized liquid bag can still be regarded as a pressurized liquid bag. When the volume of the accumulator is relatively large, the pressurized liquid bag becomes a pressurized energy storage liquid bag.

[0084] Pressurized Air-Liquid Bag The pressurized gas-liquid bag is connected to at least one of an air pressure source and a liquid pressure source via a pipeline, and at least one of the gas pressure and liquid pressure in the pipeline and the gas-liquid bag can be adjusted by the air pressure source and / or the liquid pressure source.

[0085] Pressurized Energy Storage Device The pressurized energy storage device has the following first and second characteristics. In one aspect, the pressurized energy storage device is configured to alter or maintain pressure between an exterior surface of the device and a medium in contact therewith. The second characteristic is that, under conditions where other influencing factors are constant, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device decreases when the pressure of the surrounding flowable medium increases, and / or the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device increases when the pressure of the surrounding flowable medium decreases.

[0086] The pressurized energy storage device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, a type A self-inflating device, and a type B self-inflating device.

[0087] Preferably, the Type A self-inflating device is a Type A1 self-inflating device. Preferably, the Type A1 self-inflating device is at least one of a Type A1a self-inflating device and a Type A1b self-inflating device. Pressurized gas bags and pressurized gas-liquid bags can be considered as pressurized energy storage devices because the gas therein is compressible and has the function of energy storage.

[0088] Pressurized Energy Storage Fluid Bag The pressurized liquid bag is characterized in that the liquid bag is not only connected to a hydraulic pressure source through a line, but also to an accumulator. The hydraulic pressure source can adjust the pressure of the liquid in the line. The accumulator stores and releases energy to stabilize the pressure of the liquid.

[0089] Fluid-Solid Conversion Pressure Supply Device A fluid-to-solid conversion pressure supply device has the following characteristics: (1) there is a fluid medium within the pressure supply device, which is the primary source of pressure generated by the pressure supply device, and (2) the fluid medium converts from a fluid to a solid over time. Preferably, the fluid to solid conversion pressure supply device is an energy storage liquid bag, a pressurized liquid bag or a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and the fluid medium in the bag is a fluid to solid conversion material.

[0090] Bag type pressure supply device The bag-type device includes a bag-type pressurized device, a bag-type energy storage device and a bag-type pressurized energy storage device. Bag-type pressurizing devices include pressurized gas bags, pressurized liquid bags and pressurized gas-liquid bags.

[0091] Bag-type energy storage devices include gas bags, gas-liquid bags and energy storage liquid bags. Bag-type pressurized energy storage devices include pressurized gas bags, pressurized gas-liquid bags and pressurized energy storage liquid bags.

[0092] Preferred Bag-Type Device Based on the deformation characteristics of the bag, the bag-type pressure supply device can be divided into normal bag, upper limit bag, lower limit bag and double limit bag. The normal bag includes a normal gas bag, a normal gas-liquid bag, and a normal liquid bag. The upper limit bag includes an upper limit gas bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, and an upper limit liquid bag. The lower limit bag includes a lower limit gas bag, a lower limit gas-liquid bag, and a lower limit liquid bag. The dual limit bag includes a dual limit gas bag, a dual limit gas-liquid bag, and a dual limit liquid bag.

[0093] Regular bag The ordinary bag can realize a change in apparent volume by at least one of a change in shape and a change in size.

[0094] Preferably, the bag wall of the ordinary bag is made of a material that is prone to bending and tensile deformation. Preferably, the material of the bag wall of the ordinary bag is rubber.

[0095] The walls of each of the ordinary gas bag, the ordinary gas-liquid bag and the ordinary liquid bag are made of a material that is prone to bending and tensile deformation. Preferably, the walls of each of the ordinary gas bag, the ordinary gas-liquid bag and the ordinary liquid bag are made of rubber. Ordinary gas bags and ordinary gas-liquid bags used as energy storage devices In the case where the energy storage device is a normal gas bag or a normal gas-liquid bag, in one preferred embodiment, the gas bag or the gas-liquid bag is inflated to a predetermined pressure value by filling it with gas only when the normal gas bag or the gas-liquid bag is placed in the hollow part of the support housing. When the air pressure reaches a predetermined value, the outer wall of the gas bag or the gas-liquid bag and the inner wall of the support housing are in close contact with each other, a contact compressive stress exists between them, and the air pressure in the gas bag or the gas-liquid bag is approximately equal to the normal stress between the outer surface of the gas bag or the gas-liquid bag and the inner surface of the support housing. Preferably, a shielding material is placed in the hole in the inner wall of the support housing to prevent the bag wall from being pressed into the hole. Preferably, the shielding material is a sheet-like material. Preferably, the shielding material is a plastic sheet.

[0096] Upper limit bag The above upper limit bag has the following characteristics: when only the fluid contacts the inner and outer surfaces of the bag wall, respectively, and the inner pressure is higher than the outer pressure, when the inner and outer pressure difference is less than a certain critical value, the apparent volume of the upper limit bag increases significantly with the increase of the inner and outer pressure difference, and when the inner and outer pressure difference is more than a certain critical value, the apparent volume and the outer shape of the upper limit bag are relatively stable and do not change significantly with the increase of the pressure difference.

[0097] Preferably, the upper bag achieves a change in volume by changing its shape. Preferably, the material of the bag wall is a material that can bend but has only a small tensile deformation. Preferably, the material of the bag wall is manufactured by applying a non-breathable material such as a curable rubber to a high strength fiber fabric.

[0098] Preferably, the upper limit bag is formed by wrapping the outer surface of a normal bag with a restraining cover, and the restraining cover is made of high-strength fiber. When the normal bag expands to the point where it is in close contact with the restraining cover, the restraining cover limits the expansion of the bag wall. When the pressure of the internal fluid increases further, the bag wall and the restraining cover together resist the pressure of the fluid in the bag, limiting the amount of expansion of the bag.

[0099] Preferably, the cap bag is a cap gas bag or a cap liquid bag. Preferably, when the cap bag is at the upper limit of its volume, it has a shape and size suitable for installation in the hollow portion of the support housing.

[0100] Preferably, an upper limit gas bag or an upper limit gas-liquid bag is installed in the hollow portion of the support housing, the air pressure of which meets the requirements. Preferably, a plurality of upper limit gas bags or upper limit gas-liquid bags are installed in the hollow portion of the support housing, the upper limit gas-liquid bags being able to satisfy the air pressure requirements.

[0101] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the support housing is a tube having a circular cross section, and one circular tubular upper limit gas bag or circular tubular upper limit gas-liquid bag is installed inside the tube as an energy storage device. The length of the upper limit gas bag 31 or upper limit gas-liquid bag 31 is shorter than the length of the support housing (Figure 2), and the gas bag 31 or gas-liquid bag 31 has an outer diameter of a cross section slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube when it reaches its upper limit volume. Preferably, a plurality of tubular upper limit gas bags or upper limit gas-liquid bags are arranged inside the tube, the sum of the length of the gas bags or gas-liquid bags being less than the length of the support housing.

[0102] As shown in Fig. 4, the support housing is preferably a tube having a relatively large diameter, and a plurality of spherical upper limit gas bags or spherical upper limit gas-liquid bags are installed inside the tube. Preferably, at least one of the ends of the tube is not blocked. Preferably, both ends of the tube are blocked. Preferably, when the upper limit of the volume is reached, the diameter of the spherical upper limit gas bag or upper limit gas-liquid bag is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support housing. Preferably, when the upper limit of the volume is reached, the ratio of the diameter of the spherical upper limit gas bag or upper limit gas-liquid bag to the inner diameter of the tube is 0.5 to 0.7, or 0.7 to 0.95. Preferably, the support housing is a spherical or ellipsoidal housing, in whose hollow space one or more spherical upper limit gas bags or upper limit gas-liquid bags are located.

[0103] Lower limit bag The lower limit bag has the following characteristics: When the internal / external pressure difference is a negative value, the shape and / or apparent volume of the bag will be the required shape and volume, said internal / external pressure difference being the difference between the pressure of the fluid inside the bag and the pressure of the fluid outside the bag (pressure of the fluid inside the bag - pressure of the fluid outside the bag).

[0104] Preferably, a support of a certain shape is installed inside the lower limit bag, and the shape of the support determines the final shape of the bag wall under the action of external high pressure. As shown in FIG. 8, preferably, the shape of the support includes trefoil shape, quatrefoil shape, dumbbell shape, circular shape, etc. Preferably, the support is manufactured by a trefoil shape steel pipe, a quatrefoil shape steel pipe, a dumbbell shape steel pipe, a circular steel pipe, and small holes are formed in the wall of the steel pipe, so that the gas can pass through the small holes. Preferably, the diameter of the small holes is 0.1-1 mm. When the bag wall is pressed to contact the outer surface of the steel pipe, the gas in the gas bag, or the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid bag are forced into the inside of the steel pipe. A sealing device with a smooth surface is installed on both ends of the steel pipe, which can prevent the bag wall from being destroyed.

[0105] Preferably, said lower limit bag has a very small tangential stretch of the material of the bag wall and is provided with dumbbell, trefoil or quatrefoil supports (as shown in Figure 8) in which the cross-sectional perimeter of the bag is slightly greater than or equal to the cross-sectional perimeter of the supports, in which case said lower limit bag is in fact a double limit bag. Preferably, the bag wall material has a very high tangential stretch capacity (e.g. rubber) and the supports may be in the shape of a dumbbell, trefoil, quatrefoil (Figure 8), as well as circles, triangles, squares, etc.

[0106] 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of a state in which a trefoil-shaped support is inserted inside the bag. At this time, the static pressure on the outer surface of the surrounding bag wall presses the bag wall 312 to be in close contact with the surface of the support 311, and the shape of the bag wall 312 is the same as that of the support 311 (FIG. 9). As shown in FIG. 10, when the pressure of the fluid in the bag is greater than the surrounding static pressure, the lower bag expands, and after the bag wall is fully deployed, the cross section becomes closer to a circle. Dual limit gas bag In the housing volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a dual limit gas bag.

[0107] The dual limit gas bag combines the features of both the upper limit gas bag and the lower limit gas bag, i.e., has the following features: (1) Under the condition that only fluid contacts the inner and outer surfaces of the bag wall, respectively, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper limit bag are relatively stable and do not change significantly with increasing pressure difference when the pressure difference is above a certain critical value, the pressure difference being the difference between the pressure of the fluid inside the bag and the pressure of the fluid outside the bag (pressure of the fluid inside the bag - pressure of the fluid outside the bag). (2) When the pressure difference is negative, the shape and / or apparent volume of the gas bag assumes the required shape and volume.

[0108] Long integrated bag When filled with fluid, the bag has an elongated shape, all or most of the material of the bag is the same type, and there are no obvious cross sections between the portions of the bag. Preferably, the elongated one-piece bag is a rubber bag. Long combination bag The long combination bag includes a flexible conduit and sealing devices at both ends, and the flexible conduit and the sealing devices at both ends are connected to each other.

[0109] Preferably, the material of the flexible pipe can be bent at least in the circumferential direction, and has a bending stiffness close to 0. The tensile strain of the material of the flexible pipe in the circumferential direction of the pipe is less than a predetermined value δ. Preferably, the tensile strain of the material of the flexible pipe in the circumferential direction of the pipe is greater than a predetermined value δ. Preferably, δ is 5% or less. Preferably, the flexible duct is a rubber tube or a flexible PVC tube that is stretchable in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the flexible duct is a thin-walled metal tube, the wall thickness of which is close to the thickness of the side wall of a pull-tab can. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the bag is a three-leaf or four-leaf shape before the bag is filled with fluid.

[0110] Solid Elastic Energy Storage Device In the housing-equipped volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a solid elastic energy storage device. The solid elastic body energy storage device is a solid elastic body, and the material of the elastic body is a material such as rubber or polyurethane that has a very large elastic deformation amount. Elastic housing energy storage device In the housing volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is an elastic housing energy storage device. The elastic housing energy storage device is characterized in that the housing is made of an elastic material and forms a hollow space enclosed by the housing. When subjected to pressure from the surrounding liquid, at least a portion of the housing undergoes bending deformation. Such a housing stores energy primarily through bending deformation.

[0111] Self-inflating device The self-expanding device is a device whose apparent volume can be expanded, or a device whose apparent volume can be expanded under certain conditions.

[0112] Shell type self-expansion device The type A self-inflating device includes an outer shell and a gas generator. The outer shell is made of a material that is not or almost not permeable, and is a sealed device whose apparent volume can be changed, or whose external shape and apparent volume can be changed. The above-mentioned "not permeable" means that at least one of gas and liquid under pressure cannot flow out through the outer shell. When a certain predetermined condition is met, the gas generator generates gas, and the gas pushes the outer shell from the inside, thereby increasing the apparent volume of the self-inflating device. Preferably, the shell of the shell self-inflating device is a closed device made of a polymeric material and is tubular, spherical or ellipsoidal in shape after being fully inflated. Preferably, the polymeric material is rubber. Preferably, the outer shell of the Type A self-expanding device is a thin-walled metal tube of non-circular cross-section that is closed at both ends, and when the inner wall is pressed by pressure, a shape change occurs in the thin-walled tube, increasing its apparent volume.

[0113] Type 1 self-inflating device The gas generator in the Type 1 self-inflating device contains at least two materials, which do not normally affect each other, but when certain conditions are met, they mix together and a chemical reaction occurs, producing gas. The gas inflates the outer casing. Preferably, when the pressure received by the gas generator reaches a predetermined value (preset value), the two materials are mixed to generate gas. Preferably, the two materials are sodium bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion-containing liquid, respectively. Preferably, a safety valve is attached to the self-inflating device to maintain the gas pressure near the predetermined value. When the gas pressure exceeds the predetermined pressure value of the safety valve, the gas is discharged from the valve port, and when the gas pressure is below the predetermined value, the safety valve closes. Preferably, the two gas generating materials are water and a polyurethane grout liquid, respectively.

[0114] Type 1a self-expanding device - a fragile device that resembles a capsule A Type 1a self-expansion device contains chemical component A in the sealed space surrounded by its casing, and chemical component B in the brittle housing, and when chemical components A and B mix together, gas is generated. Pressing the self-expansion device starts the device's self-expansion. The mechanism of expansion is that when the casing of the self-expansion device is pressed, the casing presses and breaks the brittle housing inside, which causes chemical components A and B to mix together and generate gas, which then expands the casing. Preferably, the brittle housing is a tube 313 of non-circular cross section made of a brittle material and closed at both ends. As shown in Fig. 5, furthermore, the cross section of the glass tube is elliptical, rectangular, or a combination of a rectangle and two semicircular. Preferably, said brittle material is a brittle polymeric material or glass. Preferably, said brittle polymeric material is a brittle plastic.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 6, the housing of the self-expanding device is preferably a rubber tube 310 with both ends closed, containing chemical component a (312) therein, and a glass tube 313 with a rectangular cross section and both ends closed is installed, and the liquid filled in the glass tube is chemical component b (314). When the rubber tube is pushed by the surrounding hydrostatic pressure, the rubber tube pushes and breaks the glass tube 313 inside, so that the liquid chemical component a (314) in the glass tube 313 flows out and reacts with component b (312) to generate gas. Furthermore, component a is sodium carbonate, and component b is hydrochloric acid. Preferably, component a is a polyurethane grout liquid, and component b is water, which are mixed and foamed to cause volume expansion, and the product has a certain degree of strength after hardening.

[0116] Preferably, the masses of chemical component a and chemical component b are determined based on the mass of gas to be produced, said mass of gas being determined based on the environmental temperature, the volume of gas and the pressure of gas. Preferably, the self-inflating device is provided with a safety valve, which, when the gas pressure exceeds a predetermined value, discharges a portion of the gas, thereby lowering the pressure to below the predetermined value.

[0117] Type 1b self-expanding device - a fragile device that resembles a capsule The Type 1b self-expansion device has two sealing devices, a first sealing device and a second sealing device, installed in a sealed space, the housings of the first sealing device and the second sealing device are both brittle housings, the first sealing device contains one chemical component a, and the second sealing device contains another chemical component b, and when component a and component b mix, gas can be generated. When the first sealing device and the second sealing device are pressed by the outer casing 310, they break first and second, and component a in them mixes with component b to generate gas, and the expansion of the gas expands the self-expansion device, increasing its apparent volume.

[0118] As shown in FIG. 7, the self-expanding device is preferably a PVC pipe 310 with both ends closed. Two brittle plastic pipes with rectangular cross sections and both ends closed, namely brittle plastic pipe 311 and brittle plastic pipe 313, are placed inside the PVC pipe 310. The inside of the brittle plastic pipe 311 is filled with a liquid 312 containing chemical component a, and the inside of the brittle plastic pipe 313 is filled with a liquid 3214 containing chemical component b. When the brittle plastic pipes are pressed by the outer casing of the self-expanding device, the brittle plastic pipes 3211 and 3213 break first, second, or simultaneously when the pressure reaches a certain value. The liquids 314 and 312 in the two brittle plastic pipes flow out, mix, and chemically react, and the rubber pipe is expanded from the inside to the outside by the gas generated. Preferably, component a is a sodium carbonate solution and component b is hydrochloric acid. Preferably, component a is a polyurethane grout liquid and component b is water, and the two are mixed together to foam and cause volume expansion, so that the product has a certain degree of strength after curing.

[0119] Otsu-type self-expansion device - memory alloy-based device The type B self-expansion device is made of a shape memory alloy or includes a shape memory alloy as one of the materials used. A change in temperature causes the shape of the memory alloy to change, which in turn causes the volume of the self-expanding device to change.

[0120] When the temperature is in the T1 range, the volume enclosed by the exterior surface of the self-expansion device is at or near its minimum. When the temperature is in the T2 range, the apparent volume of the device is at or near its maximum. The internal temperature of the composite structure is not within the T1 temperature range, but is within the T2 temperature range. Before pressure is applied to the material, part B, in the hollow space surrounded by part A, the memory alloy self-expansion device is within the T1 temperature range, and after the memory alloy self-expansion device is placed in the hollow space surrounded by part A, the temperature is within the T2 temperature range, so that the device expands in apparent volume and pushes against the material, part B. One commonly used self-expansion device is a tube made of a shape memory alloy and closed at both ends. When the temperature falls within the T2 range, the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, and the volume enclosed by the outer surface expands and exerts pressure on the cement-containing material. When the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, at least a portion of the tube wall is bent in cross section. Such a device also has the function of energy storage, since the tube wall stores a large amount of elastic energy when it is bent. Another type of self-expanding device is made of a soft material and a memory alloy, and when the shape of the memory alloy changes, the soft material also deforms, thereby changing the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device.

[0121] (2) Manufacturing method of the volume compensation device with housing A volume compensation device with a housing is manufactured using the manufacturing method of the volume compensation device with a housing. A method of manufacturing a volume compensation device with a housing includes manufacturing a support housing and manufacturing a pressure supply device. Preferably, the pressure supply is mounted in a hollow portion of the support housing.

[0122] (3) A method of supplying pressure to the surrounding medium using a volume compensation device with a housing The method of applying pressure to a surrounding medium using a volume compensation device with a housing has the following features. (1) The volume compensation device with the housing is used in the process of supplying pressure. (2) In the process of using the volume compensation device with the housing to supply pressure, in addition to the supporting housing and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required. (3) The support housing, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the housing-equipped volume compensation device have the following relationship: The fluid-solid conversion material may be present between an inner wall of a support housing and an outer surface of a pressure supply device, and / or the fluid-solid conversion material may be present at least partially in a peripheral area of ​​an exterior of the support housing. (4) When the fluid solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the device has at least one of the following first and second characteristics: The first feature is that when the pressure from the external medium received by the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support housing increases, the fluid-solid conversion material enters the hollow portion surrounded by the support housing through the passage, pushing against the pressure supply device in the hollow portion and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device, and / or when the pressure from the external medium received by the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support housing or in the passage decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion increases, causing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow outside the support housing. The second feature is that when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device inside the support housing becomes larger, the fluid solid conversion material inside the support housing flows to the outside of the support housing through the passage, and when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device inside the support housing becomes smaller and the fluid solid conversion material outside the support housing is pushed by the surrounding medium, the fluid solid conversion material outside the support housing or in the passage flows to the inside of the support housing through the passage. (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the fluid-solid conversion material and the support housing form a composite housing, and the composite housing collectively resists pressure from an external medium. Take for example Figure 11. These drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. As shown in FIG. 11, a hole 321 is formed in the support housing 32, and the pressure supply device 31 is installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the support housing 32. A fluid-solid conversion material 331 exists between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner wall of the support housing, a fluid-solid conversion material 332 exists in the passage 321, and a fluid-solid conversion material 333 exists in the peripheral area outside the support housing 32. The fluid-solid conversion materials 331, 332 and 333 in the different areas are the same material. Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material exists around the entire outer surface of the support housing 32. Preferably, only a part of the outer surface of the support housing contacts the fluid-solid conversion material.

[0123] (IV) Composite structural members The composite structure includes part A, part B, and part C. Part A has a hollow portion formed therein and is made of a solid material. Part B is made of a fluid-solid conversion material, the fluid-solid conversion material being capable of changing from a flowable state to a solid state. Part C is one or more housed volume compensation devices, each housed volume compensation device comprising a support housing and a pressure supply device, the pressure supply device being disposed in a hollow portion of the support housing. The housed volume compensation devices and the material of part B are present in the hollow portion surrounded by part A. A fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least one of a gap between an outer surface of the pressure supply device and an inner surface of the support housing and an outer peripheral area of ​​the support housing. Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material is the same material as the material of part B or a portion of the material of part B. Preferred Form of Part A The portion A has a hollow space formed therein. The part A has two or more hollow portions formed therein, and the hollow portions have the following characteristics. (1) at least two hollow portions are interconnected, where interconnected means that a connecting passage exists between the two hollow portions and a flowable medium can pass from one hollow portion to the other hollow portion, and / or (2) at least two hollow portions are isolated from each other, where isolated means that no connecting passage exists between the two hollow portions. Preferably, the portion A comprises a tube and a sealing device at each end. Preferably, the cross section of the sealing device at at least one end is larger than the cross section of the tube. Preferably, the pattern formed by the outline of the cross section in which the sealing device at at least one end is located is the same as the pattern formed by the outline of the cross section of the tube. Preferably, the tube is a steel tube or a FRP tube. Preferably, said part A is a spherical or ellipsoidal housing. An example will be given. As shown in Figure 38, in a steel pipe having three hollows, hollow 2.2 is adjacent to hollow 2.1 and hollow 2.3, respectively, and hollows 2.1 and 2.2 are connected to each other, and a hole 12.2.1 is formed in a partition plate 12.2 between the two, and hollows 22 and 2.3 are isolated from each other. As shown in Figures 39 and 40, in a lattice having three columns, the hollows of columns 12.1, 12.2, and 12.3 are isolated from each other, and each hollow is filled with concrete. The reinforcing pipe and the columns are not connected to each other. A component of the material that is part B The material of part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is selected from, but not limited to, the following materials: (1) Cement-based materials Preferably, the cementitious material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete (RPC), normal strength concrete (NHSC), high strength concrete (HSC) and ultra high strength concrete (UHSC). (2) A mixture of cementitious materials and polymeric materials, in which the cement is involved in hydration. Preferably, the polymeric material is a polymer emulsion. Preferably, the polymeric material is a self-curable polymeric material and includes an epoxy resin. (3) Polymeric material that can harden by itself Preferably, the self-curable polymeric material comprises an epoxy resin. (4) A mixture of a polymeric material with at least one of a solid powder and solid granules. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid granule. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material, a solid powder and a solid granule. Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder. The solid granules are metal granules or inorganic non-metallic material granules. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and the inorganic non-metallic material granules are stone powder and stone (pebbles), respectively. M type material B In at least one hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, material B is 1 , B 2 …B i , B i+1 …B M The M types of materials that are part B are located in different regions, and the various materials that are part B are fluid-solid conversion materials.

[0124] Mechanical properties In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, the material of part B has at least one of the following first and second characteristics. (1) First Feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j, and there is at least one time period corresponding to the i and j. In the time period, material B i On the other hand, material B j The liquidity of the stock is relatively high. (2) Second feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j. i and Material B j has the following characteristics: (i) Material B j The end time of the flowable state of material B is i After the end of the flowable state of material B i or (ii) the time is earlier than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of material B. j The end time of the flowable state of material B is i This is after the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage.

[0125] Compressive stress on material B In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, at least one i exists, where 1≦i≦M is satisfied. Corresponding material B i has at least one of the following first, second, and third characteristics. (i) First Feature Material B i In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, at least the material B among all the materials that are the part B is in one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages. i is subjected to compressive stress. (ii) Second feature Material B i During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, at least the material B among all the materials that are part B, during one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages of the process, i is subjected to compressive stress or pre-compressive stress. (iii) Third feature Material B i After solidification, at least the material B among all the materials of the part B i is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress. Stress in the part after material B has completely solidified In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, after all of the material of part B has solidified, (1) compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress exists in a part, a plurality of parts or all of the material of part B in the hollow portion, and / or (2) compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the inner wall of a part, a plurality of parts or all of part A in the hollow portion and the material of part B, and (3) compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the outer surface of the support housing and the material of part B in the hollow portion. Simplified pressure device In at least one hollow portion surrounded by said part A, a simplified pressurizing device is further present, which is configured to vary and / or maintain a compressive stress of material B in the hollow portion surrounded by part A.

[0126] The simplified pressurizing device is selected from a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing line having a medium (the medium is filled in the pressurizing line), and a set retarding pressurized liquid bag. The pressurizing piston is a rod member made of a solid material with a smooth surface, and is configured to be inserted into a hollow space surrounded by part A through a piston hole in part A and to seal between the pressurizing piston and the piston hole. The pressurizing piston is also configured to move along its longitudinal direction and increase pressure by occupying a space occupied by the material of part B and / or decrease pressure by giving up the occupied space. The pressurized conduit having the medium is a conduit connected to an external pressure source and a hollow portion surrounded by part A, and the medium in the conduit is a material in part B in a flowable state. When pressure is applied by the pressure source, the material in part B in the conduit enters the hollow portion surrounded by part A.

[0127] The set-retarding pressurized liquid bag is placed in a hollow portion surrounded by part A, and the liquid bag is filled with a set-retarding fluid-solid conversion material, and the set-retarding fluid-solid conversion material starts to solidify later than the end of pressurization.

[0128] Shape of the part The member has the following characteristics: (1) The composite structural member has an axis along one segment, multiple segments, or the entire length of the member. Also, (2) the axis has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Along the entire axis of the member, one segment, several segments or the entire axis is a straight line. (ii) One segment, several segments or the entire axis of said member is curved. (iii) Of all axes of said member, at least one segment has a straight axis and at least one segment has a curved axis. The pattern defined by the contour of a cross section of a segment, a number of segments or the entire length of the composite structural member is a pattern defined by at least one of straight and curved lines. Preferably, the pattern is outwardly convex. Preferably, the pattern is an outwardly convex polygon. Preferably, the pattern is an outwardly convex curved pattern. Preferably, the pattern is a circle or an ellipse. Preferably, the pattern is a rounded polygon. In one segment, multiple segments or the entire length of the composite structural member, in the hollows surrounded by part A, the pattern formed by the outline of the cross section of at least one hollow is a pattern formed by at least one of straight lines and curved lines. Preferably, the pattern is outwardly convex. Preferably, the pattern is an outwardly convex polygon. Preferably, the pattern is an outwardly convex curved pattern. Preferably, the pattern is a circle or an ellipse. Preferably, the pattern is a rounded polygon.

[0129] The composite structural member has one of the following characteristics: (1) Over at least a portion of the length of the composite structural member, cross sections at different points in the longitudinal direction have the same shape and size. (2) Over at least a portion of the length of the composite structural member, cross sections at different points in the longitudinal direction have similar shapes but different sizes. (3) Within at least a portion of the length of the composite structural member, there are at least two locations in the longitudinal direction where the cross-sectional shapes are dissimilar and the sizes are different. Preferably, the composite structural member is a columnar compression member having a straight axis and only one hollow portion. Preferably, the composite structural member is a compression member having an arched curved axis and only one hollow portion, the cross-sectional shape and size of the arched compression member not changing in the longitudinal direction.

[0130] isolation device In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, at least one i and one j exist, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j are satisfied, and corresponding material B i and Material B j and are adjacent to each other, and the relationship between them has one of the following characteristics: (1) Material B i The material B j Any interface of the side facing the material B contacts only the isolation device, j Do not come into contact with (2) Material B i The material B j A part of the boundary surface facing material B i The interface of material B contacts the isolation device. j does not come into contact with other materials B i The interface between the two materials is material B. j Direct contact with. (3) Material B i The material B j Any interface facing the material B j Direct contact with. Preferably, in a composite structural member used as a column, the isolation device is cylindrical and made of thin steel plate, and material B i is inside the cylinder, and material B jis present on the outside of the cylinder. Preferably, both the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are closed, and a material inlet is provided at the upper end. i Any interface of material B j Preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not blocked and material B is not in direct contact with the i and material B j The upper end of the ferrule is in direct contact with the ferrule.

[0131] (5) Manufacturing methods for composite structural members A method for manufacturing a composite structure includes obtaining part A, placing one or more volume compensation devices with housings in a hollow portion surrounded by part A, filling the hollow portion with a material that is part B, and applying pressure to the material that is part B in the hollow portion. The material of part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, and when filled into the hollow space surrounded by part A, at least a part of the material of part B is in a flowable state. The housing volume compensation device includes a pressure supply and a support housing, and at an appropriate time, fills a fluid-solid conversion material into a gap between an outer surface of the pressure supply and an inner surface of the support housing. Preferably, before placing the volume compensation device with housing in the hollow portion surrounded by part A, a fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state is filled at least in the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support housing, and / or, when filling the hollow portion surrounded by part A with material of part B or applying pressure to the material of part B in the hollow portion surrounded by part A, the material of part B in the peripheral area near the outer surface of the support housing enters the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support housing through a passage in the support housing.

[0132] Preferred Form of Part A The portion A has a hollow portion formed therein. The part A has two or more hollow portions formed therein, and the hollow portions have at least one of the following characteristics: (1) At least two hollow portions are interconnected, and interconnected means that there is a connecting passage between the two hollow portions and a medium in a flowable state can pass from one hollow portion to the other hollow portion. (2) At least two hollow portions are isolated from each other, and said isolation means that there is no connecting passage between the two hollow portions. The type of material that is part B In the manufacturing method of the composite structure, the types of material for the part B are broadly classified into the following four types. (1) Cement-based materials Preferably, the cementitious material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete (RPC), normal strength concrete (NHSC), high strength concrete (HSC) and ultra high strength concrete (UHSC). (2) A mixture of cementitious materials and polymeric materials, in which the cement is involved in hydration. Preferably, the polymeric material is a polymer emulsion. Preferably, the polymeric material is itself a curable polymeric material and includes an epoxy resin. (3) Polymeric material that can harden by itself Preferably, the polymeric material which is itself curable comprises an epoxy resin. (4) A mixture of a polymeric material with at least one of a solid powder and solid granules. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid powder. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material and a solid granule. Preferably, the material of part B is a mixture of a polymeric material, a solid powder and a solid granule. Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder, the solid granules are metal granules or inorganic non-metallic material granules, and preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and the inorganic non-metallic material granules are stone powder and stone, respectively. Mechanical properties of material that is part B of type M In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, material B is 1 , B2 …B i , B i+1 …B M The material includes M kinds of material that are the moiety B, and the M kinds of material that are the moiety B are located in different regions.

[0133] In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, the material of part B has at least one of the following first and second characteristics: (1) First Feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j, and there is at least one time period corresponding to the i and j. In the time period, material B i On the other hand, material B j The liquidity of the stock is relatively high. (2) Second feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j. i and Material B j has the following characteristics: (i) Material B j The end time of the flowable state of material B is i After the end of the flowable state of material B i or (ii) the time is earlier than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of material B. j The end time of the flowable state of material B is i This is after the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage. Pressure exerted on material B In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, at least one i exists, where 1≦i≦M is satisfied. Corresponding material B i has at least one of the following first, second, and third characteristics. (i) First Feature Material B i In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, at least the material B among all the materials that are the part B is in one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages. i is subjected to compressive stress. (ii) Second feature Material B i During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, at least the material B among all the materials that are part B, during one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages of the process, i is subjected to compressive stress or pre-compressive stress. (iii) Third feature Material B i After solidification, at least the material B among all the materials of the part B i It is subjected to compressive stress, precompressive stress or residual precompressive stress. Stress in the part after material B has completely solidified In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, after all of the material of part B has solidified, (1) compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress exists in a part, a plurality of parts or all of the material of part B in the hollow portion, and / or (2) compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the inner wall of a part, a plurality of parts or all of part A in the hollow portion and the material of part B, and (3) compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the outer surface of the support housing and the material of part B in the hollow portion.

[0134] A preferred volume compensation method when M types of material B are included In the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, material B is placed in at least one of the inner and outer peripheral regions of the support housing of the housing-equipped volume compensation device. M exists and satisfies 1≦i≦M-1, then material B M The end time of the flowable state of any one material B i This is after the end time of the material's flowable state. The material B in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A has the following characteristics. (1) i is 1≦i≦M, and any one material B i is in a flowable state and compressive stress exists inside the material, (2) i is 1≦i≦M-1, and M-1 type material B iIf the total volume of shrinks, The pressure supply device in the housing volume compensation device expands to cause the material B in the support housing to M is caused to flow out through the hole, thereby forming material B in the hollow portion surrounded by part A. i This compensates for the change in volume due to shrinkage of the Isolation Device and Preferred Materials

[0135] Preferably, a separator is provided between the different parts B of material. Preferably, the isolation device is made of an impermeable material, which prevents mixing of different part B material components. Preferably, the isolation device material has relatively good adhesion properties with the part B material, which prevents the shear strength at the interface between the part B material and the isolation device from being too low, which would impair the load-bearing capacity of the component. Preferably, the isolation device is made of a thin metal plate. Preferably, the isolating device has a required permeability, so that the material of the different part B can penetrate into the isolating device material and adhere relatively well to the isolating layer. Preferably, the isolating device material is a mesh material. Preferably, the mesh material is a metal mesh. Preferably, the metal mesh is attached to a fixed frame, and the fixed frame is attached to a hollow space surrounded by part A. Preferably, the isolation device is capable of deforming, thereby allowing the volume of the area enclosed by it to change. Preferred plan 1 for material B M=1 In the hollow portion surrounded by the part A, only one type of material, which is the part B, is included, i.e., M=1. As shown in Figs. 12 to 14, preferably, only one housing-equipped volume compensation device is installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the part A. Preferably, multiple housing-equipped volume compensation devices are installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the part A. As shown in Figs. 17 and 18, preferably, the housing-equipped volume compensation devices are installed symmetrically with respect to the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion of the part A. Preferably, the housing-equipped volume compensation devices are installed symmetrically with respect to a specific straight line.

[0136] Preferably, said part B material is cement mortar, preferably said part B material is reactive powder concrete. Preferred option 2 for material B M=2 In the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, 1 and B. 2 In this case, M=2. 1 and Material B 2 are located in different regions. At least one housing-equipped volume compensation device is 2 Material B is in contact with or around at least one housing-equipped volume compensation device. 2 was filled. Material B 2 is in a flowable state, material B 1 When the volume of the material B in the housing-equipped volume compensation device is contracted, the material B in contact with the material B is pushed by the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device. 2 The material B flows out of the hole in the support housing. 1 This compensates for the change in volume due to shrinkage of the

[0137] Material B 1 and Material B 2 has one of the following two characteristics: 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 After the end of the flowable state of material B1 (2) The time when the volumetric shrinkage of material B begins is earlier than the time when the volumetric shrinkage of material B begins. 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 This is after the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage. Preferably, the material B 2 is a retarded setting mortar, a reactive powder concrete or a retarded setting epoxy resin. 1 is concrete. Preferably, the material B 1 Material B 2 and coarse aggregate.

[0138] Some preferred structures of Scheme 2 are shown in FIGS. Material B's preferred option 3 M=3 In the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, 1 , B 2 and B. 3 In this case, M=3. 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 are located in different regions. At least one housing-equipped volume compensation device is 3 Material B is in contact with or around at least one housing-equipped volume compensation device. 3 exists. Material B 3 is in a flowable state, material B 1 and Material B 2 When the volume of at least one of the material B and the material B contacts the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device by being pushed by the pressure supply device, 3 The material B flows out of the hole in the support housing. 1 and Material B 2 The volume of the cavity is compensated for by the shrinkage of at least one of the cavity members.

[0139] Preferably, the material B 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 has one of the following three characteristics: (1) Feature 1 a. Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 and / or b. later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of material B. 3 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is later than the end time of the flowable state of material B. 2 This is earlier than the onset of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the (2) Feature 2 a. Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 and / or b. later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of material B. 3 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 2 This is later than the onset time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the (3) Feature 3 a. Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 After the end of the flowable state of material B 1 and / or b. the material B is in a state where the volumetric shrinkage of the material B is greater than the starting time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the material B. 3 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 2 After the end of the flowable state of material B 2 This is earlier than the onset of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the Preferably, the material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 1 and / or the time when the volumetric shrinkage of material B begins 3 The end time of the flowable state of material B is 2 This is later than the onset time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the Some preferred structures of preferred scheme 3 are shown in Figures 31 to 37.

[0140] Load capacity limits and stiffness of the support housing In the manufacturing method of the composite structure, the load-bearing capacity limit of the support housing satisfies the following requirement: When the composite structure is at the load-bearing capacity limit state, the maximum compressive stress of the surrounding medium that the support housing can withstand is equal to or greater than the pressure of the surrounding medium acting on the outer wall of the support housing. An axial compression member of a steel pipe concrete is taken as an example. Part A of the composite structure is a steel pipe with a circular cross section, and the support housing is a circular steel pipe with holes in the pipe wall. When the composite structure is destroyed by axial pressure, axial compression and radial expansion occur in the entire structure. Material B in the hollow part surrounded by part A expands in the radial direction, which is the main cause of the entire structure expanding outward. Part A is in a yielding state due to axial compression and tangential tension. In such a destruction state, it is necessary to prevent the solidified fluid-solid conversion material around the support housing from becoming a weak area due to the lack of radial load capacity or radial stiffness of the support housing. Therefore, it is considered that the maximum radial compressive stress received by the outer surface of the steel pipe as the support housing is the same as the radial compressive stress of material B when the composite structure is destroyed. Therefore, it is considered that the maximum radial compressive stress of material B is close to the radial compressive stress received by the inner surface of part A when part A yields or when the composite structure reaches the limit of its load capacity.

[0141] An equivalent method is used to determine the radial load capacity of the support housing. When the holes in the wall of the support housing are relatively small, the steel pipe as the support housing is considered to be equivalent to a steel pipe without holes in the wall. The equivalent method involves taking a part of the steel pipe with holes in the wall, calculating its radial load capacity, and then averaging the radial load capacity at different positions in the longitudinal direction. The equivalent steel pipe without holes in the wall has the same length, outer diameter, and average radial load capacity as the steel pipe with holes in the wall. Another equivalent method is to combine the solidified fluid-solid conversion material within a certain radial range around the support housing with the support housing with holes in the tube wall into a new structure called a composite housing, and calculate the radial load capacity of the composite housing. Preferably, when determining the range of the composite housing, the fluid-solid conversion material in the hollow part of the steel tube is also considered as part of the composite housing.

[0142] The maximum compressive stress that the composite housing can withstand and the maximum radial stiffness that it has are much greater than the maximum pressure that the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion of the support housing can withstand and the maximum stiffness that the pressure supply device has, where the stiffness is the radial pressure increase acting on the outer surface of the device divided by the radial displacement caused by said pressure increase, and then divided by the outer diameter of the device.

[0143] Load capacity and stiffness of composite housing The volume compensation device with the housing in the hollow portion surrounded by part A has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies to a predetermined strength, the composite housing formed by the fluid-solid conversion material and the supporting housing has an apparent bulk modulus and an apparent volumetric deformation modulus that are both much greater than those of the pressure supply device. (2) After the fluid-solid conversion material has solidified to a predetermined strength, the maximum pressure of the surrounding medium that the composite housing formed by the fluid-solid conversion material and the support housing can withstand is much greater than the pressure supplied to the surrounding medium by the pressure supply device when the pressure supply device operates alone.

[0144] Also, the apparent bulk modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are respectively much smaller than the bulk modulus and volumetric deformation modulus of the material at any stage, part B. The any stage refers to any stage in the entire process, and the entire process refers to the process in which the material goes from a flowable state to a solid state where it has reached its final strength. Simplified pressure device and its installation In at least one hollow portion surrounded by the part A, there is further present a simplified pressurizing device, which is selected from a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing line having a medium, and a set-retarding pressurized liquid bag.

[0145] The simplified pressurizing device is attached before filling the hollow part surrounded by A with the material of part B or after filling the hollow part surrounded by A with the material of part B. If the simplified pressurizing device is a set-retarding pressurized liquid bag, the liquid bag needs to be attached to the hollow part surrounded by A before filling the hollow part with the material of part B. If the simplified pressurizing device is a pressurizing piston or a pressurizing pipe having a medium, the pressurizing piston or pressurizing pipe is attached after filling the hollow part surrounded by A with the material of part B and attaching the sealing plate.

[0146] Pressurization method The pressurizing may include applying a varying pressure to the medium and / or applying a constant or substantially constant pressure to the medium. Preferred Pressurization Option 1 At least one housing-equipped volume compensation device is installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the part A, and a pressure supply device in the device is a pressurizing device or a pressurized energy storage device. Material B is disposed between the support housing and the pressure supply device and around the support device of the housing-equipped volume compensation device. i was filled. Material B i In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, during one, several or all of the time periods, a pressurizing device or a pressurized energy storage device is used to pressurize the material B. i Apply pressure to. Material B i The flowable state of the material B is terminated and before its strength reaches a predetermined value (preset value), the material B is compressed by a pressurizing device or a pressurizing energy storage device. i The compressive stress applied to the material B is constant or varies within a predetermined range. iIf the strength of is less than a predetermined value, changing the pressure of the pressure supply device will cause the material B near the hole of the support housing to break down due to the change in pressure of the pressure supply device. i The stress field in the material B near the hole in the support housing changes. i This refers to the destruction or reduction in long-term strength of the material. Material B i After the strength of the material B reaches a predetermined value (set value), the material B is compressed by a pressure device or a pressure energy storage device. i The compressive stress applied to the material B is not limited. i The composite housing formed by the pressure applying device and the support housing has a sufficient load capacity to resist the surrounding medium pressure, and after the pressure applied by the pressure applying device or the pressure energy storage device is released, the material B near the hole of the support housing is deformed due to the change in the stress field. i The long-term strength of the material B is reduced. i This means that the structure will not be damaged or destroyed.

[0147] Preferred Pressurization Option 2 At least a volume compensation device with a first housing and a volume compensation device with a second housing are installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the part A. In the volume compensation device with the first housing, the pressure supply device is a pressurizing device or a pressurized energy storage device. In the volume compensation device with the second housing, the pressure supply device is an energy storage device or a pressurized energy storage device. Material B is provided between the inner wall of the support housing of the volume compensation device with the first housing and the pressure supply device, and in the area around the volume compensation device with the first housing. i Material B was filled in the area between the inner wall of the support housing of the volume compensation device with the second housing and the pressure supply device, and around the volume compensation device with the second housing. j was filled.

[0148] The pressing method is as follows. 1. Material B i and Material B jIn the stage where each of the above is in a flowable state, during one, multiple, or all of the time periods, (1) when the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the second housing selects the energy storage device, material B is compressed using the pressurizing device or the pressurized energy storage device in the volume compensation device with the first housing. i Apply pressure to. (2) When the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the second housing selects the pressurized energy storage device, the pressure supply device or the pressurized energy storage device in the volume compensation device with the first housing is used to supply material B. i and / or using a pressurized energy storage device in a volume compensation device with a second housing to apply pressure to material B. j Apply pressure to. Preferably, during one time period, multiple time periods or all time periods, there is one region in the hollow section surrounded by part A, all of the material, part B, in that region is in a flowable state, and the volume compensation device with first housing and the volume compensation device with second housing are also located in that region. 2. Material B i and Material B j At least one of the above is in a stage before the flowable state ends and the strength reaches a predetermined value, and during one, multiple, or all of the above time periods, (1) when the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the second housing selects the energy storage device, preferably, material B is compressed by the pressurizing device or the pressurized energy storage device in the volume compensation device with the first housing. i (2) When the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the second housing is a pressurized energy storage device, preferably, the material B is compressed by the pressurizing device or the pressurized energy storage device in the volume compensation device with the first housing. i The compressive stress applied to the material B is made constant or varies within a predetermined range, and preferably, the material B is compressed by a pressurized energy storage device in the volume compensation device with the second housing. j The compressive stress applied to the is constant or varies within a predetermined range. 3. Preferably, the material B i After the strength of the material B reaches a predetermined value, the material B is supplied with the pressure by the pressure supply device in the first housing-equipped volume compensation device. i Do not restrict or release pressure. Preferably, the material B j After the strength of the material B reaches a predetermined value, the material B is supplied with the pressure by the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with the second housing. i It restricts the compressive stress applied to it or pulls it out.

[0149] Preferred Pressurization Option 3 There is further a simplified pressurizing device in the hollow portion surrounded by the part A. The pressurizing device is selected from a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing line having a medium, and a set-retarding pressurized liquid bag. At least one housing-equipped volume compensation device and at least one simplified pressurizing device are installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the part A. In the housing-equipped volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is an energy storage device or a pressurized energy storage device. Material B is provided between the inner wall of the support housing of the housing-equipped volume compensation device and the pressure supply device, and in the area around the support housing. i The simplified pressure device was filled with B. j The material was filled.

[0150] The pressing method is as follows. 1. Material B i and Material B j In the stage where each of the above is in a flowable state, during one, multiple, or all of the time periods, (1) when the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device selects the energy storage device, material B is supplied with material B using a simplified pressurizing device. j (2) when the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device selects a pressurized energy storage device, the pressurized energy storage device is used to apply pressure to material B. i Apply pressure to Material B and / or use a simplified pressure device. j Apply pressure to. Preferably, during one time period, multiple time periods or all time periods, there is one region in the hollow section surrounded by part A, all of the material, which is part B, in that region is in a flowable state, and the housing-equipped volume compensation device and the simplified pressurizing device are also located in that region. 2. Material B i and Material B j When at least one of the above is in a stage before the flowable state ends and the strength reaches a predetermined value, (1) preferably, when the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device selects the energy storage device, material B is compressed by a simplified pressurizing device. j (2) preferably, when the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device selects a pressurized energy storage device, material B is compressed by the pressurized energy storage device. i The pressure applied to material B is constant or varies within a specified range, and material B is compressed by a simplified pressure device. j The pressure applied to the simplified pressurizing device is kept constant, or the volume occupied by the simplified pressurizing device in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A is kept approximately constant. 3. Preferably, the material B i After the strength of material B reaches a predetermined value, the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device supplies material B i Do not restrict or release pressure. Preferably, the material B j After the strength of the material B reaches a predetermined value, the material B is pressed by a simplified pressurizing device. j It restricts the compressive stress applied to it or pulls it out. Working Example

[0151] Example 1 As shown in Figures 12 to 14, the steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The flange 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower sealing plate is welded to the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected by bolts, and the bolt holes 1101 in the upper sealing plate and the bolt holes 1111 in the lower sealing plate are aligned. An installation hole 1102 and an exhaust hole 1103 are provided in the upper sealing plate. A volume compensation device with a housing is attached at the axial position in the hollow part of the steel pipe. Reactive powder concrete (abbreviated as RPC) is filled in the other area of ​​the hollow part. As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the volume compensation device with a housing is a tubular gas bag placed inside a steel pipe with a hole. The end faces of the upper and lower parts of the support housing are in close contact with each other so that the pressure that can be withstood in the axial direction reaches a maximum value.

[0152] Construction method (1) Manufacture part A. (2) Assemble the volume compensation device with the housing. Preferably, the gas bag is a normal gas bag. Inside the support housing, a plastic sheet is attached to the tube wall, and the circular hole in the tube wall is covered by the plastic sheet. The gas bag is inserted into the hollow part of the support housing, and the upper part 321 and the lower part 322 of the support housing are connected by a connecting sleeve. Preferably, the support housing and the connecting sleeve are connected by a screw connection. Preferably, the support housing and the connecting sleeve are connected by adhesive. The gas bag is inflated, and the inflation is stopped when the air pressure reaches 8 MPa. (3) The volume compensation device with housing is fixed at the axial position inside the steel pipe, and the hollow part is filled with RPC. Filling is stopped when it reaches about the height of the flange. (4) The upper sealing plate 110 is attached to the flange 111. (5) Install a pressurized pipe to further fill the RPC. One end of the pressurized pipe is connected to the circular hole 1102 of the upper sealing plate, the other end of the pressurized pipe is connected to a pressurizing device, and a valve is installed on the pressurized pipe. The pressurizing device further fills the RPC in the hollow part through the pressurized pipe. During the filling process, the gas in the hollow part is exhausted through the exhaust hole 1103. After the hollow part is filled, the exhaust hole 1103 is sealed with a plug. The pressurizing device can be selected as a grout pump, a concrete pump, or other pressurizing device. (6) Pressure is applied to material B in the hollow portion. The RPC in the pipeline is further pressed by a pressure device. There are two methods for pressurizing. a. Continuous pressure When the pressure of the RPC in the hollow space surrounded by part A exceeds the atmospheric pressure in the gas bag (8 MPa), the apparent volume of the gas bag becomes smaller, and when the pressure of the RPC reaches a specified value (12 MPa), pressurization is terminated, the valve in the pipeline is closed, and the pressurizing device is removed. b. Intermittent pressure When the pressure of the RPC reaches the specified upper pressure limit (12 MPa), pressurization is temporarily stopped, and when the pressure drops to the specified lower pressure limit (10 MPa), the pressurizing device is started to apply more pressure. This process is repeated. Before the flowable state of material B ends, the intermittent pressurization is stopped, the valve is closed, and the pressurizing device is removed. (7) Post-processing After the material in the pipeline has reached a certain strength, the pipeline is removed. One way to do this is to cut (saw) the pipeline from its base. Chemical shrinkage occurs due to hydration of cement, and the volume of the RPC shrinks before and after hardening. When pressurization is performed by a continuous pressurization method without using a housing-equipped volume compensation device, the pressure of the RPC may decrease or even disappear if the volume of the RPC shrinks. When pressurization is performed by an intermittent pressurization method without using a housing-equipped volume compensation device, the pressure decrease caused by the volume shrinkage when material B is in a flowable state can be eliminated, but the pressure decrease caused by the volume shrinkage after material B hardens cannot be eliminated. This is because material B in the long and narrow pipe can hardly flow after hardening. When a housing-equipped volume compensation device is installed, the length of this device is almost equal to the length of the hollow part, so that the device maintains the pressure of the RPC in almost all cross sections. As a result, the device deforms material B during the hardening process of the RPC, especially in the stage where the strength is relatively low, and thus the pressure drop can be minimized and kept within the required range.

[0153] The continuous pressure application method is applicable when the cross section is relatively small and / or the volumetric shrinkage rate of material B is relatively small. Under this condition, if the pressure is maintained by a volume compensation device with a housing, the pre-compression stress retained after material B reaches its final strength can still be maintained at a predetermined value. The technical effect of this method is that, when the application conditions are met, the construction method is simple and the device used is simple. The intermittent pressurization method is applied when the volumetric shrinkage rate of material B is relatively large before solidification and very small after solidification. In this embodiment, the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device is an energy storage device, and the energy storage device is a gas bag.

[0154] Technical effect analysis When the cross section of the composite structure is relatively small and / or the shrinkage rate of material B is relatively low, the scheme of Example 1 is applied. In this case, the technical effects are that the construction is simple, the construction time is short, the amount of equipment used is small, and it is possible to ensure that material B in the hollow part has compressive stress during and after hardening, and it is possible to prevent material B from peeling off from the inner wall of part A due to shrinkage.

[0155] Example 2 As shown in Figures 15 and 16, the composite structure is a steel pipe filled with RPC and used as a compression member. As shown in Figure 16, part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The flange 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower sealing plate 13 is welded to the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected by bolts, and the bolt holes 1101 in the upper sealing plate and the bolt holes 1111 in the lower sealing plate are aligned with each other, and the upper sealing plate has a material-filling hole 1102 and a center hole 1103. The volume compensation device with housing is shown in FIG. 15. A pressure supply device 31 is installed on the steel tube 32 with holes, and the pressure supply device is a bag-type pressurized energy storage device. Preferably, the bag-type pressurized device selects a pressurized gas bag, and the gas bag is connected to an air pressure source through a line 3101. Preferably, the pressurized energy storage device is a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and the liquid bag is connected to a liquid pressure source and an accumulator through a pressurized line 3101. A plug 3202 is installed on the upper end of the steel tube with holes, and a circular hole 3203 is provided in the plug. The pressurized line 3101 passes through the circular hole 3203, and a gap is provided between the hole wall of the circular hole and the pressurized line. The gap is for discharging gas. When the RPC is filled into the steel tube with holes, the material of part B enters the inside of the support housing through the hole 3201 of the support housing, and at this time, the internal gas of the steel tube with holes 32 needs to be discharged. As shown in Figs. 8 to 10, as a preferred embodiment, the pressure supply device used in the housing-equipped volume compensation device is a lower limit gas bag or a lower limit liquid bag, and the shape of the support within the bag is a trefoil shape.

[0156] The construction steps are as follows: (1) Manufacturing of Part A (2) Installation of volume compensation device with housing The steel pipe 32 having a hole in the housing-equipped volume compensation device is fixed at the axial position of the steel pipe 12, a lower limit gas bag or a lower limit liquid bag is placed in the hollow portion of the steel pipe 32 having a hole, and a plug 3202 having a hole is attached to the steel pipe 32 having a hole so that the pressurizing pipe 3101 passes through the circular hole 3203 of the plug. (3) Filling RPC The hollow part of steel pipe 12 is filled with RPC material in a flowable state, and while filling, steel pipe 12 is vibrated with a vibrator, or while filling, the RPC is vibrated with a rod-shaped vibrator, causing the RPC to enter the interior of the perforated steel pipe through circular hole 3201 in perforated steel pipe 32, and causing gas inside the perforated steel pipe to be discharged from gaps in upper hole 3201 and upper end hole 3203. When the filling has reached the height of the flange, filling is temporarily stopped. (4) Installation of upper sealing plate 1101 The pressurized pipe 3101 is passed through the central hole of the upper sealing plate, and the upper sealing plate and the flange are connected with bolts to seal the gap between the pressurized pipe 3101 and the wall of the central hole. The sealing method is a plug with a hole. The diameter of the circular hole of the plug is approximately larger than the outer diameter of the gas-filled tube, and a groove is provided in the plug hole for installing a seal ring. Before installing the plug, the seal ring is placed in the groove, and then the plug is installed. (5) Filling RPC The remaining space in the hollow part of the steel pipe 12 is further filled with RPC through the thin tube. The outer diameter of the thin tube is smaller than the diameter of the material inlet hole 1102, and the gap between the thin tube and the material inlet hole 1102 is for discharging gas in the hollow part of the steel pipe 12. After the hollow part of the steel pipe 12 is filled, the material inlet hole 1102 is sealed with a plug. (6) Pressurization There are two methods of applying pressure. The first method uses an air pump to pump compressed air into a pressurized pipeline, and after the pressure reaches a predetermined value, the pressure is kept constant or fluctuates within a required range. When the predetermined pressure is relatively small, for example, when the predetermined pressure is 5 to 10 MPa, pressurization with gas is more appropriate. The second is to use a hydraulic pump to pump the liquid into the pressurized line and, after the pressure reaches a predetermined value, to keep the pressure constant or fluctuate within the required range. Preferably, an accumulator is installed in the pressurized line. When the predetermined pressure is relatively large, for example when the predetermined pressure is 20 MPa, 30 MPa, 40 MPa or 70 MPa, pressurization with a liquid is more appropriate. (7) Post-processing When the strength of the RPC reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, the pressure pump and pressure line are removed. Preferably, the predetermined strength value is a cube compressive strength of 30 MPa to 60 MPa. Technical effect analysis When using a bag-type pressurized energy storage device, the pressure is controlled using an external pressure source so that the pressure of the fluid within the bag remains constant or within a required range even if the volume of the gas or liquid bag changes significantly.

[0157] Example 3 As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The flange 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower sealing plate is welded to the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected by bolts, and the bolt holes 1101 in the upper sealing plate and the bolt holes 1111 in the lower sealing plate are aligned, and the upper sealing plate is provided with an installation hole 1102 and an exhaust hole 1103. The diameter of the steel pipe in this embodiment is larger than that of the compression member in Example 1. Six housing-equipped volume compensation devices were installed in the hollow parts of the steel pipes, and reactive powder concrete (abbreviated as RPC) was filled in the other areas of the hollow parts. The housing-equipped volume compensation devices consist of a cylindrical gas-liquid bag placed inside a steel pipe with holes, and the configuration is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The implementation method is similar to that of the first embodiment.

[0158] Technical effect analysis Since the number of housing-equipped volume compensation devices is relatively large and distributed at many locations, when material, which is part B in the hollow portion surrounded by part A, shrinks, the housing-equipped volume compensation devices compensate for the volumetric shrinkage in each region relatively uniformly, and the variation in the spatial distribution of stress in material B becomes relatively small.

[0159] Example 4 As shown in Figures 19 to 21, the steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected with bolts, bolt holes 1101 in the upper sealing plate and bolt holes 1111 in the lower sealing plate are aligned, and construction holes 1102 and 1103 are provided in the upper sealing plate. Two C-shaped isolators 41 and 42 are installed in the hollow part of the steel pipe 12. The height of the C-shaped isolators 41 and 42 is slightly lower than the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, and the hollow part is divided into three regions, 211, 212, and 22. Each of the regions 211 and 212 is filled with UHSC, and the region 22 is filled with the set-retardant RPC, and the end time of the flowable state of the RPC is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the UHSC. The housing-equipped volume compensation device 3 is installed at the axial position of the steel pipe 12, located within the region 22, and filled with the RPC around it. The length of the housing-equipped volume compensation device is slightly smaller than the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12.

[0160] The cross section of the volume compensation device with housing is shown in FIG. 21, and its longitudinal structure is shown in FIG. 2. The support housing is a steel tube 32 with holes, and the steel tube is provided with two rows of holes 321 symmetrical about the center of the circle. The pressure supply device 31 is an upper limit gas bag or an upper limit gas-liquid bag. The inner region 321 of the hollow part of the steel tube 32, the hole region 322, and the region 323 around the steel tube 32 are each filled with a set retarding RPC.

[0161] The construction method is as follows: (1) Manufacturing of composite structure part A (2) Assembling the volume compensation device with the housing The upper limit gas bag or upper limit gas-liquid bag of the housing-equipped volume compensation device is filled with gas or liquefied gas, the upper limit gas bag or upper limit gas-liquid bag is placed in a steel pipe 32 with a hole, a plug 3202 is attached, and the plug and the steel pipe are connected by a screw connection. (3) Installation of a volume compensation device with housing and a C-shaped isolation device The housing-equipped volume compensation device 31 is fixed to the axial position of the steel pipe 12, and two C-shaped isolators 41 and 42 are attached. The distance between both ends of the "C" shape of the manufactured isolator is made larger than the distance after installation so that the end of the "C" shape can be in close contact with the inner wall of the steel pipe 12. When installed, a preload is applied to the isolator. A number of support blocks are installed between the two C-shaped isolators so that the preload can be easily applied. Preferably, the two ends of the "C" shape of the C-shaped isolator are attached to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 with tape, so that the tape does not wrinkle after attachment. Preferably, two bags for filling UHSC are installed in the regions 211 and 212, and the circumference of the bag is equal to or greater than the circumference of the region 211 or 212 in which it is located. This can prevent the UHSC from entering between the C-shaped isolator and the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 when the bag is filled with UHSC. Preferably, several points are selected at the two ends of the "C" of the C-shaped isolation device and these points are welded to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 by welding. (4) Filling with material that is part B Simultaneously, UHSC is filled into regions 211 and 212, and RPC is filled into region 22. During the filling process, a vibrator is used to vibrate steel pipe 32 with holes in the housing-equipped volume compensation device, so that the RPC penetrates sufficiently into the steel pipe and gas inside steel pipe 32 is discharged. When the material, which is part B, reaches the height of the flange, filling is temporarily stopped. (5) Installation of upper sealing plate and pressure tube The top sealing plate is installed and the pressure tube is attached to the application hole 1103 . (6) Filling with material that is part B The hollow portion is further filled with RPC through a pressurizing tube attached to the drilling hole 1103. During the filling process, gas is exhausted from the drilling hole 1102. After the hollow portion is filled, the drilling hole 1102 is sealed with a plug. (7) Pressurization Connect the pressurizing tube to a pressurizing device, and use the pressurizing device to pressurize the condensation retarding RPC in the pressurizing tube. When the pressure reaches a predetermined value, the pressurization is temporarily suspended or stopped. There are two pressurizing methods: continuous pressurization and intermittent pressurization. When using intermittent pressurization, the pressurization is stopped before the condensation retarding RPC reaches the end of its flowable state, the valve in the pressurizing line is closed, and the pressurizing device is removed. (8) Post-processing After the strengths of the UHSC and the set-retarding RPC reach or exceed the specified values, the pressure tube is removed.

[0162] Other preferred options The proposal in this embodiment is suitable for a composite structure with a large or extra-large cross section. Preferably, a set-retarding friction-reducing layer is laid at the interface between the region 211 and the steel pipe 12 and at the interface between the region 212 and the steel pipe 12. This treatment can prevent the occurrence of tangential shear stress at the location close to the inner wall of the steel pipe due to the volumetric shrinkage of UHSC in a composite structure with a large or extra-large cross section. In this case, the UHSC in the two regions is in a stress state in which the compressive stress in each transverse direction is almost equal, and this stress state is most conducive to improving the axial load capacity of the UHSC. Preferably, instead of the upper gas bag, a pressurized gas bag or a pressurized energy storage liquid bag with a pressurized pipe is used. After filling the UHSC and the retarded set RPC in the hollow of the steel pipe 12, the construction holes 1102 and 1103 are sealed. Then, the gas bag or liquid bag is filled with fluid through the pressurized pipe to apply pressure to the gas bag or liquid bag from the inside. In this case, pressure is applied to the retarded set RPC first, and then the retarded set RPC transmits the pressure to the UHSC. Since the external pressure source can continuously fill the gas bag or liquid bag with fluid, the pressure in the bag can be maintained within the required range no matter how much the volume of the gas bag or liquid bag expands. When the cross section of the composite structure is very large, the advantage of this scheme is more obvious.

[0163] Technical effect analysis The advantage of this technical solution is that it is suitable for composite structures with large or extra-large cross sections. When the UHSC in the regions 211 and 212 shrinks, the retarded-setting RPC can move the separator to the region 211 and 212 at the boundary of the separator. Also, when a gap occurs between the UHSC and the steel tube 12 due to the shrinkage deformation of the regions 211 and 212, the retarded-setting RPC can enter the gap and make the stress state of the UHSC a hydrostatic state or a state close to the hydrostatic state. Having such a stress state during the solidification process can contribute to improving the ultimate strength of the UHSC, and when the UHSC reaches or is close to the ultimate strength, it can contribute to improving the axial compressive load capacity of the composite structure.

[0164] Example 5 As shown in Figures 22 to 24, the composite structure is a steel pipe concrete axial compression member. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected by bolts, and a material inlet hole 1102 and a piston hole 1103 are provided in the upper sealing plate. In the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, the hollow part is divided into regions 211, 212 and region 22 by isolation devices 41 and 42. Volume compensation devices with housings are attached to both lateral ends of region 22, and a pressurizing piston 5 is attached to the center of the upper sealing plate. The pressurizing piston is a simplified pressurizing device. As shown in FIG. 24, the height of the volume compensation device with housing is slightly lower than the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, and the pressure supply device in the volume compensation device with housing is a double limit gas-liquid bag.

[0165] The isolators 41 and 42 are closed in cross section, and the area enclosed by them is kidney-shaped. The advantage of such a shape is that the area enclosed by them can be easily changed without changing the perimeter. The height of the isolators is slightly lower than the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12. The areas 211 and 212 are filled with UHSC, and the area 22 is filled with the set-retarded RPC, and the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded RPC is later than the start time of the turning point of the UHSC volumetric shrinkage.

[0166] When filling material B, fill UHSC in regions 211 and 212 synchronously first, and after filling UHSC, isolators 41 and 42 are pressed inward and bulge outward first at the original recessed parts, thereby narrowing region 22. This phenomenon is expected. One of the preferred solutions is to first install some support blocks between two isolators to fix them to at least one isolator, and then fill UHSC. When the isolators bulge, the two isolators will push against each other through the support blocks, which will generate compressive stress between the isolators and the steel pipe 12, and the isolators can be fixed in the required position. Another way to fix the isolators is to weld the isolators to the steel pipe 12 by installing some welding points at the contact points between the isolators and the steel pipe 12.

[0167] While filling the UHSC, fill the RPC into the region 22, but make the height of the UHSC higher than that of the RPC, and make the difference between the heights of the two within the required range. When the height of the filled UHSC approaches the height of the hollow portion in the steel pipe 12, filling of the UHSC is stopped, but filling of the RPC is continued until the heights of the two types of material B are approximately equal. The pressurizing device in this embodiment is a pressurizing piston 5, and a sealing device is installed between the pressurizing piston 5 and the piston hole 1103. Preferably, the sealing device is a seal ring. The pressurizing piston is configured to increase the pressure of the RPC in the region 22 by occupying the space in the hollow part of the steel tube 12, and transmit the pressure to the UHSC in the regions 211 and 212 by the RPC, and to push the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device.

[0168] The construction steps are as follows: (1) Pre-filling procedures Manufacture part A. Manufacture the isolation devices 41 and 42. Assemble the volume compensation device 3 with the housing. Fix the volume compensation device 3 with the housing to the hollow portion of the steel pipe 12, and attach the isolation devices 41 and 42. (2) Filling with material that is part B Areas 211 and 212 are filled with UHSC, and area 22 is filled with RPC, so that the difference in the part of the UHSC that is higher than the RPC is within a predetermined range. When the height of the UHSC is close to the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, the filling of the UHSC is stopped, but the filling of the RPC is continued until the height of the RPC and the height of the UHSC are approximately equal. (3) Preparation before pressurization A sealing plate is attached. During the process of filling the hollow part with the set retarding RPC through the material inlet hole 1102, a state is maintained where gas can be discharged from the piston hole 1103. After the hollow part is filled, the material inlet hole 1102 is first sealed with a plug, a seal ring is then attached to the groove inside the piston hole 1103, and a pressurizing piston is then attached. (4) Pressurization As the pressure applying means, a displacement pressure or a load pressure is selected. As a method of applying a load, an actuator is used to apply a gradually increasing load to the outer end of the pressure piston, and after the load reaches a predetermined value, the load is made constant. As the displacement and pressure application method, continuous displacement and pressure application or intermittent displacement and pressure application can be used. In one displacement and pressurization cycle, the pressure piston is pushed by a jack to move it into the hollow space, and the load applied to the pressure piston is measured. Once the compressive stress reaches a specified value, the pressure piston stops moving. The value obtained by dividing the load by the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston corresponds to the compressive stress inside the RPC. Continuous displacement pressurization refers to making the pressurizing piston permanently stop moving when one pressurizing cycle is completed. The intermittent displacement pressurization is composed of multiple pressurization cycles. After the i-th pressurization cycle, the volumes of the UHSC and the RPC shrink, and after a certain time has passed, the compressive stress of material B in the hollow portion is further reduced. When the pressure is less than a predetermined value, the next pressurization cycle is started. The pressurization cycle can be repeated. After a specific time, the pressurization piston is prevented from moving further. The specific time is the time before the flowable state of the RPC ends. (5) Post-processing After the strength of the UHSC and RPC reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, the exposed pressurized piston is cut off. Technical effect analysis This method is suitable for composite structures with large cross sections. When a pressure piston and a volume compensation device with a housing are used in combination, an intermittent displacement pressure method is used. The advantage of intermittent displacement pressure compared to load pressure is that the pressure can be kept constant with simple equipment. In the case of load pressure, the loading equipment required is relatively complicated. Due to the condition of being subjected to a certain amount of hydrostatic pressure before and after setting, the ultimate strength of the UHSC material in regions 211 and 212 has been significantly improved. When at or near ultimate strength, the UHSC in regions 211 and 212 is still at or near hydrostatic pressure. In such a condition, when the composite structure is subjected to an axial load, the load capacity of the composite structure is higher than the load capacity in other conditions. One of the other conditions is when the transverse stresses in regions 211 and 212 have different magnitudes in each direction.

[0169] Example 6 As shown in Figures 25 to 27, the composite structure is a steel pipe concrete axial compression member. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected by bolts, and a pressurizing hole 1103 and a piston hole 1102 are provided in the upper sealing plate. As shown in FIG. 26, one cylindrical isolation device 4 is installed in the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, and the cross section of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12 is divided into a cylindrical inner region and a cylindrical outer region by the cylindrical isolation device 4. The cylindrical inner region is filled with UHSC material 21 containing coarse aggregate, and the cylindrical outer region is filled with set-retarded epoxy mortar 22. The set-retarded epoxy mortar is a mixture of set-retarded epoxy resin and quartz powder. The end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded epoxy mortar is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the UHSC material 21. Four housing-equipped volume compensation devices 3 are installed in the region where the set-retarded epoxy mortar 22 is located. Near the four housing-equipped volume compensation devices, the isolation device 4 is provided with a concave arc-shaped portion, which is used as the installation space for the housing-equipped volume compensation devices and is used to adjust the area change between the region 21 and the region 22. The pressure supply device in the housing volume compensation device is one of an upper limit gas bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag, and an elastic housing energy storage device. The structure near the housing volume compensation device is shown in Figure 27. The material 223 on the outside of the support housing, the material 222 in the holes of the support housing and the material 221 in the hollow portion of the support housing are the same type of fluid-solid conversion material, i.e., retarded set epoxy mortar 22.

[0170] The construction steps are as follows: (1) Manufacturing of Part A The volume compensation device with the housing is assembled and fixed to the hollow portion of the steel pipe 12, and the isolation device is attached and fixed. (2) Filling with material B The inside of the cylinder 4 is filled with UHSC material 21, and the gap between the cylinder 4 and the steel pipe 12 is filled with set-retardant epoxy mortar 22. Since the specific gravity of the set-retardant epoxy mortar is smaller than that of concrete, the height of the set-retardant epoxy mortar 22 is made higher than the height of the high-strength concrete 21 during the filling process. Preferably, some support blocks may be installed between the cylinder 4 and the steel pipe 12 to prevent the cylinder 4 from expanding too much due to the pressure of the concrete. When both materials are filled to approximately the same height as the flange, the filling is paused. (3) Installation of the upper sealing plate 110 and the pressurized pipe line A pressurized line is attached to the pressurized hole 1103 . (4) Filling with material B The upper gap of the hollow part of the steel pipe is further filled with set-retardant epoxy mortar through the pressurizing hole 1103. The exhaust hole 1102 is kept open during the filling process to allow gas to escape. When filling the upper gap, RPC may be used instead of set-retardant epoxy mortar. The strength and elastic modulus of RPC are very high, so it is more suitable for use with the steel pipe and can share the axial pressure of the member. (5) Pressurization A compressive stress is applied to the UHSC, the retarded epoxy mortar or the RPC in the hollow part of the steel pipe 12 through the pressurizing pipe. After the compressive stress reaches a predetermined value, the pressurizing is stopped. The pressurizing method may be a continuous method or an intermittent method. Preferred Alternative Preferably, when the cross section of the composite structure is relatively large, a set-retarding friction reducing layer is provided on the inner wall of the lower sealing plate of part A, in order to prevent the occurrence of shear stress between the lower sealing plate and the UHSC when the UHSC shrinks after setting, which may lead to the occurrence of transverse tensile stress inside the nearby UHSC.

[0171] Technical effect analysis This scheme can ensure the following: (1) As long as material 22 is in a flowable state, material 21 is in a hydrostatic state, whether material 21 is in a flowable state or in a solid state; (2) After material 22 becomes solid, material 21 is subjected to equal compressive stress in any lateral direction. When material 21 is subjected to such a force, the strength of the material can be improved. When material 21 is at or near its ultimate strength, the above stress state can contribute to improving the axial compressive load capacity of the composite structure.

[0172] Example 7 An arch-shaped compression member is shown in Figures 28 to 30. The cross section of the steel pipe is divided into two regions by an isolator 4, and the relatively large area region is filled with concrete 21, and the relatively small area region is filled with set-retardant RPC. A housing-equipped volume compensation device 3 is installed in the region where the set-retardant RPC is located. The cross section is not point-symmetric but line-symmetric. In order to prevent a decrease in load capacity due to asymmetry, the cross section is designed so that the plane on which the axis of symmetry of the cross section is located coincides with the plane on which the axis of the member is located. The support housing of the housing-equipped volume compensation device is a circular steel pipe with a hole in the pipe wall, and the upper end of the steel pipe is not sealed. The set-retarded RPC material 22 is filled around the outer surface and the upper end of the steel pipe as the support housing, and one layer of set-retarded RPC material 221 inside the upper end of the steel pipe 12 communicates with the set-retarded RPC material 22 around the steel pipe, and when the set-retarded RPC material 221 at the upper end of the steel pipe 12 is pressed, the pressure is transmitted to all areas of the set-retarded RPC material 22. The set-retarded RPC materials 22 and 221 are the same type of material. The construction method is similar to that of Example 5.

[0173] Technical effect analysis This scheme has a wide range of application, regardless of whether the cross section is large or small, and whether the concrete 21 is in a flowable state or a solid state, when the retarded set RPC material 22 is in a flowable state, the stress state of each point of the concrete 21 is in a hydrostatic state or close to a hydrostatic state. When the retarded set RPC material 22 is in a solid state, the stress state of each point of the concrete 21 is also close to a hydrostatic state. When the material 22 and the material 21 reach or are close to their ultimate strength, the stress state of each point of the material 21 is such that the normal stresses in different radial directions are almost equal. This scheme can contribute to improving the strength of the concrete 21 and the axial compressive load capacity of the composite structure.

[0174] Example 8 As shown in Figures 31 and 32, the composite structure is a steel pipe concrete compression member. Two cylindrical isolators are installed inside the inside of the steel pipe, the isolator 42 is located in the area surrounded by the isolator 41, and the volume compensation device with housing is located in the area surrounded by the isolator 41. The height of the isolator is slightly lower than the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12. As shown in Figure 32, the UHSC material 21 is filled between the steel pipe and the isolator 41, the set-retarded UHSC material 22 is filled between the isolators 41 and 42, and the set-retarded RPC material 23 is filled in the area surrounded by the isolator 42. The structural shape of the part A of the composite structure according to this embodiment is exactly the same as the part A in each of Figures 12 and 13. Preferably, (1) the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded UHSC material 22 is later than the end time of the flowable state of the UHSC material 21, and the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded RPC material 23 is later than the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded UHSC material 22, or (2) the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded UHSC material 22 is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the UHSC material 21, and the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded RPC material 23 is later than the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded UHSC material 22, or (3) the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded UHSC material 22 is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the UHSC material 21, and the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded RPC material 23 is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the set-retarded UHSC material 22.

[0175] The construction method is as follows: (1) Manufacturing part A. Assembling the volume compensation device with housing. Attaching the isolation devices 41 and 42 and the volume compensation device with housing 3 to the hollow portion of the steel pipe 12. (2) The area surrounded by the isolation device 42 is filled with the set-retarding RPC material 23, the area between the isolation devices 42 and 41 is filled with the set-retarding UHSC material 22, and the area between the isolation device 41 and the steel pipe 12 is filled with the UHSC material 21. During the filling process, the height of the set-retarding RPC material 23 is made higher than the height of the set-retarding UHSC material 22, and the height of the set-retarding UHSC material 22 is made higher than the height of the UHSC material 21. This filling method can prevent the isolation device from being crushed by the filling material. When the height of material 23 reaches the position of the flange, the filling of material 23 is stopped, but the filling of material 22 is continued. When material 22 reaches the position of the flange, the filling of material 23 is stopped, but the filling of material 22 is continued. When material 22 reaches the position of the flange, the filling of material 21 is stopped. When material 21 reaches the height of the flange, the filling of material 21 is stopped. (3) The upper sealing plate is attached, the pressurizing line is connected to the pressurizing hole 1103 of the upper sealing plate, and the remaining space in the steel tube is filled with the material 23 through the pressurizing line. After the hollow part of the steel tube is filled, the exhaust hole 112 is sealed with a plug. (4) A pressure device is used to apply pressure to the material 23 in the pressurized pipeline, and by pushing the material 23, pressure is applied to the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device in the hollow portion to reduce its volume. After the pressure of the material B in the hollow portion of the steel pipe 12 reaches a predetermined value, the application of pressure is stopped and the valve in the pressurized pipeline is closed. The pressurizing method may be a continuous pressurizing method or an intermittent pressurizing method.

[0176] Technical effect analysis As the cementitious material progresses from a flowable state to a given strength grade, the volume of the cementitious material will always shrink. The shrinkage is faster in the early stages and slower in the later stages. Long after the flowable state of the material is no longer present, the strength of the material will increase over time. Creep can occur in cementitious materials at various strengths. For the same stress state, the lower the strength of the material, the higher the creep rate. Creep that occurs in the low strength stage of cementitious materials has little negative effect on the final strength. The technical effect of Example 9 will be explained under the following two limiting conditions. (1) The end time of the flowable state of material 22 is later than the end time of the flowable state of material 21, and the end time of the flowable state of material 23 is later than the end time of the flowable state of material 22. (2) The pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device maintains the pressure constant after it reaches a predetermined value. Under this condition, as long as the material is in a flowable state, each point in the material is in the same hydrostatic pressure state in space, and the stress state does not change with time. For ease of explanation, the regions where materials 21 and 22 are located are regarded as thick-walled cylinders, and the region between the support housing 32 and the isolation device 42 of the housing-equipped volume compensation device is also regarded as a thick-walled cylinder. Based on the material numbers, the three thick-walled cylinders are referred to as cylinder 21, cylinder 22, and cylinder 23, respectively. A comparative example will be provided to explain the technical effect of Example 9.

[0177] Comparative Example Material 21 is used instead of material 22 in Example 9, and isolator 41 is omitted. Cylinder 21 and cylinder 22 are combined into one cylinder, the thickness of which is the sum of the thicknesses of the two original cylinders. The combined cylinder is called cylinder 2122. First, the first situation in this embodiment is analyzed. The first situation is a situation in which material 21 has solidified, and material 22 and material 23 are still in a flowable state. Even after solidification, the material 21 shrinks in volume, and the shrinkage reduces the compressive stress between the outer wall of the cylinder 21 and the inner wall of the steel pipe. When the materials 22 and 23 are each in a flowable state, the radial compressive stress on the inner wall of the cylinder 21 (near the isolation device 41) is equal to the compressive stress caused by the pressure supply device 31 in the housing-equipped volume compensation device, and this pressure does not change with time. Therefore, the radial compressive stress on the inner wall of the cylinder 21 is greater than the radial compressive stress on the outer wall (near the steel pipe), and the difference in radial compressive stress between these two locations increases as the radial thickness of the cylinder 21 increases and decreases as the radial thickness decreases.

[0178] Now, the second situation of this example will be analyzed, where materials 21 and 22 have solidified and material 23 is still in a flowable state. When the material 22 loses its fluidity, a turning point appears in the volumetric shrinkage of the material 21, and after the turning point, the rate of volumetric shrinkage of the material 21 becomes very slow and the total amount of the shrinkage is also very small. To simplify the analysis, the volumetric shrinkage of the material 21 that occurs after the turning point is ignored. When the volume of material 21 no longer shrinks further, the analysis for cylinder 22 in the second situation is exactly the same as the analysis method for cylinder 21 in the first situation. Further, a comparative example is analyzed. In the comparative example, the thickness of the cylinder 2122 is the sum of the thicknesses of the cylinders 21 and 22, and the materials of the cylinders 21 and 22 solidify at the same time, that is, reach the end time of the flowable state at the same time, and reach the turning point of the volumetric contraction at the same time. When the pressure by the pressure supply device in the comparative example is the same as the pressure by the pressure supply device in the embodiment 9, the radial pressure difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of the cylinder 2122 in the comparative example is much larger than the radial pressure difference between the inner wall of the cylinder 22 and the outer wall of the cylinder 21 in the embodiment 9. Obviously, the radial compressive stress on the inner wall of the steel pipe in Example 9 is larger than that on the inner wall of the steel pipe in the comparative example. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the composite structure is very large, the technical effect of Example 9 is more obvious. In addition, in Example 9, the number of cylinders of cement-based material inside the steel pipe can be increased. Each additional cylinder can reduce the difference between the compressive stress caused by the pressure supply device and the compressive stress acting on the inner wall of the steel pipe, if the increase in the number of cylinders satisfies the following two conditions: (1) for any one isolating device, the end time of the flowable state of the cylinder material inside the isolating device is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the cylinder material outside it, and (2) the thickness of each cylinder is reduced.

[0179] Example 9 The composite structure is a compression member in which material B is filled in a steel pipe of equal cross section. Part A uses part A in Example 5 (see FIG. 22) or part A in Example 6 (see FIG. 25). The cross section is shown in FIG. 33 and FIG. 34, and FIG. 34 is a partially enlarged view. A substantially cylindrical isolator 41 is installed in the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, and the RPC material 21 is filled in the area surrounded by the isolator 41, and the height of the isolator 41 is slightly lower than the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12. Two Ω-shaped isolators 42, the height of which is slightly lower than the height of the hollow part of the steel pipe 12, are installed between the isolator 41 and the steel pipe 12. One volume compensation device 3 with a housing is installed in the area surrounded by each of the Ω-shaped isolators 42 and the inner wall of the steel pipe 12, and the retarded setting epoxy mortar 23 is filled. The two areas surrounded by the isolator 41, the two Ω-shaped isolators 42, and the steel pipe 12 were filled with the set-retarding RPC material 22. The end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded RPC material 22 is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the RPC material 21, and the end time of the flowable state of the set-retarded epoxy mortar 23 is later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of the set-retarded RPC material 22. The pressure supply device in the housing volume compensation device is selected from a gas bag, a gas-liquid bag, an elastic housing energy storage device, or a pressurized energy storage liquid bag.

[0180] The construction method is as follows: (1) Pre-filling procedures The composite structure part A is manufactured. Two volume compensation devices with housings are fixed inside the steel pipe 12, two Ω-shaped isolation devices 42 are installed inside the steel pipe 12, the isolation devices 42 are fixed to the pipe wall of the steel pipe with tape, and the isolation device 41 is installed in the hollow part of the steel pipe 12. (2) Filling with material B and installing the upper sealing plate Fill the area surrounded by the isolator 41 with the RPC material 21, fill the two areas surrounded by the isolator 41, the isolator 42, and the steel pipe with the set-retarding RPC material 22, and fill the area surrounded by the isolator 42 and the steel pipe with the set-retarding epoxy mortar 23. When the height of the filled material reaches near the flange, the filling is stopped and the upper sealing plate is attached. The remaining space in the hollow part surrounded by the part A is further filled with the set-retarding RPC material 22 until it is full. (3) Install the pressure device and apply pressure to material B The pressurizing method may be continuous or intermittent pressurization. Technical effect analysis A comparative example will be provided and the technical effect of this embodiment will be explained by comparing this embodiment with the comparative example. In the comparative example, the set-retarded epoxy mortar 23 is not used in the present embodiment, but the set-retarded RPC material 22 is used in the region where the epoxy mortar is located. The shortcomings of the comparative example are analyzed below. In the later flowable state, in order to allow the set-retarded RPC material 22 to flow out of the hole of the support housing, the difference in compressive stress between the inside and outside of the support housing needs to be relatively large. In addition, at this stage, the shrinkage of the RPC material 21 and the set-retarded RPC material 22 still occurs, so that the compressive stress inside all the materials B located between the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 and the outer surface of the support housing is further reduced. In the scheme according to the present embodiment, when the RPC material 22 is in the later stage of its flowable state, its flowability deteriorates, but the housing-equipped volume compensation device can push the retarded set epoxy mortar 23 to compensate for the space caused by its shrinkage. Even if the shrinkage amount of the materials 21 and 22 is relatively large after they harden and a gap occurs between the material 22 and the steel pipe, the retarded set epoxy mortar 23 can enter the gap. This can reduce the pressure drop caused by the shrinkage of the materials 21 and 22. Also, since the cost of epoxy resin is much higher than the cost of retarded set RPC, the cost is relatively high if retarded set epoxy mortar is used in all the space occupied by the retarded set RPC material 22. If epoxy mortar is used only near the housing volume compensation device, it can contribute to reducing the overall cost of the composite structure.

[0181] Example 10 As shown in Figures 35 to 37, the steel pipe concrete composite structure is an axial compression member. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The flange 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower sealing plate is welded to the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected by bolts, and the bolt holes 1101 in the upper sealing plate and the bolt holes 1111 in the lower sealing plate are aligned, and the upper sealing plate is provided with a material inlet hole 1103, an exhaust hole 1102, and a pressurization hole 1104. As shown in Figures 35 to 37, in the hollow part of the steel pipe, material B is 1 21, Material B 2 22 and Material B 3 23 was filled. Material B 1 21 and Material B 2 An isolation device 41 is installed between material B and material B. 2 22 and material B 3 23, and the position of the pressurizing hole 1104 in the upper sealing plate is set to the material B 222 (see FIG. 37). The isolators 41 and 42 are made of thin iron plates, the isolator 41 being a corrugated tube, and the isolator 42 being a tube having four recesses. The isolators 41 and 42 have almost no gap between their lower ends and the lower sealing plate, and a gap of 5 mm to 30 mm between their upper ends and the upper sealing plate. Each of the isolators 41 and 42 is provided with several fixing points for connecting with the lower sealing plate 13 so as to prevent movement in at least one of the lateral and longitudinal directions. Preferably, the isolators have three to six fixing points. In this case, the position of the isolators can be fixed without affecting the lateral deformation of points other than the fixing points of the isolators. Material B 3 is a mixture of a set-retarding polymeric material and solid granules, said material B being 2 is the settling delay RPC, and B 1 The material is UHSC (ultra-high strength concrete).

[0182] Material B 1 , Material B 2 and Material B 3 has the following characteristics: (1) Material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of 22 is B 1 Later than the end time of the flowable state of material 21, preferably material B 2 The end time of the flowable state of 22 is Material B 1 This is later than the onset time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of 21. (2) Material B 3 The end time of the flowable state of 23 is Material B 2 Preferably, material B is mixed with material C at a time later than the end time of the flowable state of 22. 3 The end time of the flowable state of 23 is Material B 2 This is later than the onset time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage in Fig. 22. The manufacturing process is as follows: (1) Manufacture part A. (2) Prepare a volume compensation device with a housing. A dual limit gas bag is used as a pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device, and the upper limit gas bag is filled with gas until the air pressure reaches a predetermined value. Four volume compensation devices with housings are attached to predetermined positions in the hollow space surrounded by part A. (3) The isolation devices 41 and 42 are fixed to the lower sealing plate 13 . (4) Material B in the hollow section 1 21, Material B 2 22 and Material B 3 23 are filled simultaneously or alternately. In the filling process, the height of the three materials is limited to a certain range to prevent the filling materials from pushing the isolator so that it is deformed too much laterally. In the filling process, a bar-type vibrator is used to fill material B. 1 21, Material B 2 By vibrating the steel pipe 12 using a vibrator, the air bubbles in the steel pipe 12 are removed. 3 23, improving the fluidity of material B. 3 23 can more easily flow into the gap between the gas bag and the inner wall of the support housing through the holes in the tube wall of the support housing in the housing-equipped volume compensation device, and material B 3 This can contribute to the removal of air bubbles and voids inside the 23. (5) Material B 1 When 21 is near the top end of the isolating device 41, material B 1 Stop filling 21. Material B 1 A thin iron cover 411 is placed on the top of the material B 21 so that the cover extends into the hollow space of the isolator. The cover has a shape and size that fits into the hollow space enclosed by the isolator 41. The role of the cover 411 is to 1 and Material B 2 Or Material B 3 The purpose of this is to prevent the contact surface area with the different material B from being too large, thereby preventing a change in the duration of the flowable state of the material B due to contact with a large area of ​​the different material B. (6) Material B 3 Material B is then fed to the separator 42 until the top surface of the separator 42 is close to or reaches the top of the separator 42. 3Fill with 23. This step may be performed before step (5). (7) The upper sealing plate 110 is attached, one end of the pressurized pipe is attached to the pressurized hole 1104 of the upper sealing plate 110, and the other end of the pressurized pipe is connected to a pressurizing pump. The pressurizing pump can pump the set retarding RPC into the pipe to apply pressure. A pressurization line with a retarded set RPC attached to the pressurization hole 1104 in the upper sealing plate 110 is a simplified pressurization device. (8) Inject retarded RPC material into the hollow space surrounded by part A through a pressurized pipe attached to pressurized hole 1104, and in the process of injection, expel air from at least one of holes 1102 and 1103. By continuously injecting, the retarded RPC flows out to a certain extent from at least one of holes 1102 and 1103, thereby expelling the gas in the hollow space surrounded by part A. (9) Each of holes 1102 and 1103 is sealed with a plug. (10) The pressure is increased by pumping the set-retarding RPC material further into the hollow space surrounded by part A through the pressure line connected to the pressure hole 1104 using a pressure pump until the pressure reaches a predetermined value. (11) To maintain pressure, choose one of the following two methods: (i) Continuous pressure application method When the pressure reaches a predetermined value, the pressure is made constant. As a method for determining the value of the constant pressure, the pressure of the dual limit gas bag in the housing-equipped volume compensation device can be set between an upper limit value and a lower limit value, and the gas bag can expand or contract when the pressure of the medium around the gas bag changes. (ii) Intermittent pressurization method A pressure pump is used to fill the hollow space surrounded by part A with material B. 2 When the pressure reaches a predetermined value, the valve in the pressurizing line is closed, thereby filling the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A with the material B. 1 , material B 2 and Material B 3 cannot enter or leave the hollow portion. Material B in the hollow space surrounded by part A 2 Or Material B3 The pressure of the material B is injected into the hollow space surrounded by the facing portion A using a pressure pump when the pressure is below a predetermined value. 2 22 is pumped and material B 2 When the pressure at 22 reaches a predetermined value, the valve in the pressurization line is closed again, and so on multiple times. In both the continuous pressure method and the intermittent pressure method, material B 2 Before the flowable state of material B is completed, the valve in the pressurizing line is closed, the pressurizing pump is removed, and material B is 2 It is necessary to prevent the solidification of the pressure pump. Technical effect analysis This embodiment is suitable where the cross section of the composite structural member is very large. For example, the inner diameter of the steel pipe 12 is 3 meters, the diameter of the inscribed circle of the isolator 41 is 2.5 meters, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the isolator 41 is 2.6 meters, and the diameter of the isolator 42 is 2.9 meters.

[0183] A comparative example member is manufactured. The comparative example member is made of material B. 1 and B. 3 In the embodiment, only two types of materials are used, that is, in the embodiment, the isolating device 41 is omitted, and material B is used. 2 Instead of material B 1 The material B is placed at the top of the hollow portion surrounded by the part A, and the isolating device 42 is still used. 3 The following analysis is based on a comparison with the comparative example. Material B 3 is a mixture of a retarded polymer material and solid granules, and its advantages are that the adjustable range of the duration of the flowable state is relatively wide, and the change in flowability with time is relatively small. Its disadvantages are that the cost is relatively high, and the elastic modulus and triaxial strength are smaller than those of RPC materials. When using the proposal of this embodiment, material B is placed at the upper end of the hollow part surrounded by part A. 2 (RPC) is filled, and material B 3 This not only reduces costs compared to when filling with refractory metal, but also contributes to improving the load capacity of the component.

[0184] When using the method of this embodiment, before closing the valve of the pressurized line, material B 1 and Material B 2 The gap created by the shrinkage of material B is filled by material B, which is pumped by a pressure pump. 2 The gap in this part is compensated by the material B in the hollow part surrounded by part A. 1 , Material B 2 and Material B 3 These account for a large proportion of the total gaps that were generated before the material reached its strongest strength. 1 and Material B 2 The shrinkage of material B 3 Not covered by Material B 3 This allows for a significant reduction in the amount of carbon used and therefore reduces costs. Only after closing the valve, material B 2 The gaps created by the shrinkage of the material B are pushed out by the gas bag in the four housing volume compensation devices. 3 Since the gas bag is filled by gas, the requirements for the volume deformation of the gas bag are also reduced.

[0185] Explanation of terms at least "Having at least one of the following characteristics" means having one of the following characteristics, two or more of the following characteristics, or all of the following characteristics. "In at least a portion of region Z" means in one region, multiple regions, or the entire region Z. "At least one time period throughout the entire process" means one time period, multiple time periods, or throughout the entire process. multiple As used herein, "plurality" means two or more. Simplified pressure device A simplified pressure device is characterized in that it is capable of applying pressure to a material that is part B in a hollow space surrounded by part A of a member, but does not include a support housing. Preferably, the simplified pressurizing device is selected from a pressurizing piston, a pressurized line with a medium, and a set retarding pressurized liquid bag. Pressurizing device and simplified pressurizing device There are two pressure applying devices in the present invention, one is a "pressurizing device" when the pressure supply device in the support housing is selected as the pressure applying device, in which case the pressure applying device is still called the pressure applying device, and the other is a simplified pressure applying device. Pressurized piston The pressurizing piston is a rod member made of a solid material with a smooth surface, and is configured to be inserted through a piston hole in part A into a hollow space surrounded by part A to form a seal between the pressurizing piston and the piston hole. The pressurizing piston is also configured to move along its longitudinal direction and increase pressure by occupying a space occupied by the material of part B and / or decrease pressure by giving up the occupied space. Pressurized Pipeline The pressurized conduit is a conduit connected to an external pressure source and a hollow portion surrounded by part A, and the conduit is filled with a material, part B, in a flowable state. When pressure is applied by the pressure source, the material, part B, in the conduit enters the hollow portion surrounded by part A. Set retarding pressurized liquid bag The characteristics of the set-retarding pressurized liquid bag are that (1) the liquid bag is placed in a hollow portion surrounded by part A, (2) the material in the liquid bag is a set-retarding fluid-solid conversion material, and the solidification start time of the set-retarding fluid-solid conversion material is later than the end time of pressurization. A method for applying pressure using a simplified pressure device

[0186] The pressurizing method according to the present invention includes at least the following. (1) Apply pressure using a bag-type pressure device. (2) Apply pressure using a pressure piston. The pressurizing piston is a cylindrical body with a smooth surface, and is configured to increase or decrease the pressure of material B, which is in a flowable state in the hollow portion, by increasing or decreasing the space it occupies in the hollow portion surrounded by part A. (3) A fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state is injected directly into the hollow space through a pipe. Pre-compression stress A precompressive stress is a stress applied to a material, part B, in a hollow portion surrounded by part A of a composite structure by compressing that material, part B, prior to a certain time. For example, a thin tube is used to connect the material in part B in the hollow part to a pressure device outside the hollow part, and the tube is filled with the material used in part B. The pressure device applies a certain pressure to the material in the tube until the material in the tube solidifies and has sufficient strength. Then, the external tube on the outer surface of part A is removed. Obviously, material B in the hollow part of part A is still subjected to the previously applied pressure, and this pressure is the pre-compression stress. Under the action of pressure, creep phenomenon may occur in material B, which causes volumetric shrinkage, so the pre-compression stress may become smaller over time at a certain point of part B inside the hollow part. In this part B, the distribution of the pre-compression stress may also change over time.

[0187] Residual pre-compressive stress Residual pre-compressive stress means that even when material B1 and material B2 are solidified, material B1 and / or material B2 shrink, and at this time, the original pre-compressive stress in the material becomes smaller, and the pre-compressive stress remaining after the reduction is the residual pre-compressive stress. Fluid-Solid Transformation Materials A fluid-solid conversion material is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state. The materials B according to the present invention are all fluid-solid conversion materials. liquidity For a material to be flowable means that the material has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) It has no static shear strength, regardless of the presence or absence of hydrostatic pressure. Having almost no static shear strength means that the static shear strength at that point is very small, ranging from a few tens of thousands to a few tenths of the final static shear strength of the solidifiable material. (2) The material has no static uniaxial compressive strength. Having almost no static uniaxial compressive strength means that the static compressive strength at that point is very small, ranging from a few tens of thousands to a few tenths of the final static uniaxial compressive strength of the solidifiable material. (3) When subjected to any very small shear force, it deforms continuously over time. The very small shear force means that when the shear force is applied, the shear force is only a few ten-thousandths to a few tenths of the ultimate static shear strength of the solidifiable material. Flowable state A material is in a state where it is capable of flowing if it has flowability. Relatively high liquidity If, at a given point in time, both a first material and a second material are subjected to the same stress, the stress does not change over time, the deviatoric tensor of stress is non-zero, and the deviatoric strain rate of the first material is faster than the deviatoric strain rate of the second material, the first material is considered to be relatively flowable with respect to the second material.

[0188] Coagulation (hardening) In the present invention, solidification refers to the process by which a material goes from a state of zero or near zero static or quasi-static shear strength to a state with static or quasi-static shear strength. A static or quasi-static shear strength of nearly zero means that the static shear strength at that point is very small, ranging from a few tens of thousands to a few tenths of the final static shear strength of the solidifiable material. Solidification includes, but is not limited to, the setting and hardening process of cement paste, cement mortar, concrete, reactive powder concrete, etc., and the process in which polymeric materials go from a flowable state to a solid. During the solidification process, the creep properties of the material change gradually and the viscosity coefficient increases gradually.

[0189] Set retarding wear reducing material The material has one of the following characteristics: (1) After preparation, within a specified time, the static shear strength becomes zero or nearly zero, which is several tens of thousands to several ten times smaller than the final static shear strength of the setting retardation wear reducing material. (2) After a certain time has passed, the cohesive strength and internal friction angle of the material increase and gradually approach the final values, and the adhesive strength and coefficient of friction between the setting retarding wear reducing material and the solid surface in contact with it increase and gradually approach the final values.

[0190] Set retarding wear reducing layer The set-retarding wear-reducing layer is a layered material made of a set-retarding wear-reducing material, and is placed between material B and the inner surface of part A in the hollow portion. Methods for producing the setting retarding wear reducing layer include the following several methods. (1) A set-retarding material is applied to a water-permeable woven or knitted fabric. (2) A set-retarding material must be applied to one or both sides of an impermeable thin film, and a set-retarding, wear-reducing material must be applied to the surface of the thin film in contact with the inner surface of part A. (3) A set-retarding, wear-reducing material is applied to a specific region on the inner surface of part A, and a water-permeable woven or knitted fabric or a water-impermeable thin film is attached to the set-retarding, wear-reducing material. The time when the set-retarding wear-reducing layer loses fluidity must be later than the time when material B in the hollow portion starts to solidify, and preferably later than the start time of the turning point of the contraction of material B, thereby weakening or eliminating the shear stress on the surface of material B facing the inner wall of part A. If the set-retarding wear-reducing layer is not provided, the material of part B will shrink in volume even after it solidifies, and shear stress will exist at the interface between material B and the inner wall of part A. This shear stress will cause the distribution of compressive stress inside material B to become non-uniform, which may result in tensile stress inside material B.

[0191] Apparent volume of the device The apparent volume of a device is the volume enclosed by the exterior surface of the device. Based on the above definition, a pressure supply device has an apparent volume. Apparent bulk modulus of the device If the surroundings of the device are filled with a static fluid, a fluid pressure p acts on the outer surface of the device, and an increment Δp occurs in the pressure p, a corresponding increment ΔV occurs in the apparent volume of the device, then it can be expressed as follows:

[0192]

number

[0193]

number

[0194] Volumetric shrinkage turning point The turning point of the volumetric shrinkage is abbreviated as the shrinkage turning point. The cementitious material (which has not yet been mixed and solidified) is placed in a sealed environment and undergoes two stages: (1) In the first stage, the pressure to which the material is subjected changes, at least initially, and the temperature may or may not change in this stage. (2) In the second step, the temperature and pressure are kept constant and a curve showing the relationship between volumetric strain and time is recorded. In the second stage, the turning point of shrinkage is when there is a point on the curve showing the relationship between volumetric strain and time that has the following characteristics: This point is characterized by the maximum curvature of the curve, and the volumetric strain rate from this point onwards is much smaller than the average rate of the previous second stage, but only a few tenths or even a few times smaller than the previous rate.When a shrinkage turning point appears in the normal range of water-cement or water-binder ratios, the material already has a certain static shear strength. If there is no turning point in the volumetric strain vs. time curve in the second stage, it indicates that the start time of the second stage is too late, and the turning point can be made to appear in the curve of the second stage by shortening the time of the first stage. If the material is still flowable when the second stage starts, a turning point will always be found. Even if the material has some static shear strength at the start of the second stage, if the strength is not high enough, a turning point will still be found.

[0195] columnar body The columns are characterized by having straight axes and uniform cross sections. Rounded prism The rounded prism is characterized in that the cross section of the prism is a rounded polygon.

Claims

1. a pressure supply device and a support housing; a hollow portion is formed in the support housing, and a connecting passage is formed between the hollow portion and a peripheral area outside the support housing; The pressure supply device is installed in the hollow portion, The pressure supply device is configured to supply pressure to a medium in contact therewith. Volume compensation device with housing.

2. the support housing is a tube; (1) A hole is provided in the wall of the tube, and both ends of the tube are closed, and the hole in the wall of the tube is used as a connecting passage connecting the hollow part of the support housing and the external area around the support housing; (2) A hole is provided in the wall of the pipe, and at least one end of the pipe is not blocked. (3) No holes are provided in the wall of the tube, and at least one of the ends of the tube is not blocked, and the hole in the unblocked end of the tube is used as a passage connecting the hollow portion of the support housing to the external area around the support housing. The present invention has at least one of the characteristics (1) to (3). The housing-equipped volume compensation device according to claim 1 .

3. The support housing is a housing provided with a hole.

2. The volume compensation device with a housing according to claim 1, wherein:

4. the pressure supply device is selected from a pressurizing device, an energy storage device, and a pressurized energy storage device; (1) The pressure device is configured to change or maintain pressure between its outer surface and a medium in contact therewith; (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics: When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases, and the energy storage device absorbs energy; and / or when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases, and the energy storage device releases energy; (3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following first and second characteristics: The first feature is a pressurized energy storage device configured to change or maintain pressure between an outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device and a medium in contact therewith; The second feature is that, under the condition that other influencing factors are constant, when the pressure applied to the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device decreases, and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy, and / or when the pressure applied to the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device increases, and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

2. The volume compensation device with a housing according to claim 1.

5. (1) The pressurizing device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized liquid bag, and a self-inflating device; (2) The energy storage device is selected from a gas bag, a gas-liquid bag, an energy storage liquid bag, a solid elastic body energy storage device, and an elastic housing energy storage device; (3) The pressurized energy storage device is selected from a pressurized gas bag, a pressurized gas-liquid bag, a pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and a self-inflating device.

5. The volume compensation device with a housing according to claim 4.

6. The gas bag used as the pressurizing device, the gas bag used as the energy storage device, and the gas bag used as the pressurized energy storage device are each selected from a normal gas bag, an upper limit gas bag, a lower limit gas bag, and a double limit gas bag; Each of the gas-liquid bag used as the pressurizing device, the gas-liquid bag used as the energy storage device, and the gas-liquid bag used as the pressurized energy storage device is selected from a normal gas-liquid bag, an upper limit gas-liquid bag, a lower limit gas-liquid bag, and a double limit gas-liquid bag; The liquid bag used as the pressurizing device, the liquid bag used as the energy storage device, and the liquid bag used as the pressurized energy storage device are each selected from a normal liquid bag, an upper limit liquid bag, a lower limit liquid bag, and a double limit liquid bag, and preferably, the liquid bag is provided with a conduit connected to a hydraulic pressure source, and preferably, the liquid bag is provided with a conduit connected to a hydraulic pressure source and an accumulator.

6. The volume compensation device with a housing according to claim 5.

7. a fluid-solid conversion material is filled in the gap between the inner wall of the support housing and the outer surface of the pressure supply device; and / or the fluid-solid conversion material is present in a peripheral region outside the support housing; The fluid-solid conversion material is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state.

2. The volume compensation device with a housing according to claim 1.

8. (1) when the fluid solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the fluid solid conversion material is capable of flowing through the connecting passages; and (2) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the fluid-solid conversion material and the support housing form a composite housing, the composite housing includes the support housing and the solidified fluid-solid conversion material within a specific area around the support housing, and the composite housing can withstand the pressure of the medium around the support housing; The present invention has at least one of the features (1) to (2).

8. The volume compensation device with a housing according to claim 7.

9. A method for manufacturing the volume compensation device with a housing according to any one of claims 1 to 8. A method for manufacturing a volume compensation device with a housing, comprising:

10. 1. A method for providing pressure to a surrounding medium using a volume compensation device with a housing, comprising: (1) The volume compensation device with a housing according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used, (2) In the process of supplying pressure using the housing-equipped volume compensation device, in addition to the support housing and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required; the fluid-solid conversion material is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state; (3) The spatial relationship between the support housing, the pressure supply device, and the fluid-solid conversion material of the housing-equipped volume compensation device has the following characteristics: a fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support housing and the outer surface of the pressure supply device; and / or a fluid-solid conversion material present in at least a portion of the peripheral area exterior to the support housing; (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, When the pressure from the external medium acting on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support housing increases, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the hollow portion surrounded by the support housing through the connecting passage, pushing the pressure supply device in the hollow portion and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device; when the pressure from the external medium acting on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support housing and / or through the connecting passage decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the hollow portion increases, causing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow to the outside of the support housing; and / or b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device pushes the fluid-solid conversion material in the hollow portion of the support housing to flow out of the support housing through the connecting passage; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support housing is subjected to the pressure of the surrounding medium, and the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the hollow portion of the support housing through the connecting passage; (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, The fluid-solid conversion material and the support housing form a composite housing, the composite housing as a whole resisting pressure from an external medium, and the support housing withstanding pressure acting on its exterior surface by the solidified fluid-solid conversion material.

10. A method for supplying pressure to a surrounding medium using a volume compensation device with a housing.

11. comprising part A, part B, and part C, Part A is a solid body having a hollow portion formed therein, Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, said fluid-solid conversion material being capable of changing from a flowable state to a solid state; Part C is one or more volume compensation devices with housings, the volume compensation devices with housings being the volume compensation devices with housings according to any one of claims 1 to 8, each volume compensation device with housings comprising a support housing and a pressure supply device; The volume compensation device with the housing and the material of the part B are located in a hollow space surrounded by the part A. Composite structural members.

12. One hollow portion is formed in the portion A, or two or more hollow portions are formed in the portion A, When two or more hollow portions are formed in the portion A, the hollow portions are (1) At least two hollow portions are in communication with each other, and the communication means that a connecting passage exists between the two hollow portions, and a medium in a flowable state can enter from one hollow portion into the other hollow portion; (2) At least two hollow portions are isolated from each other, and the isolation means that there is no connecting passage between the two hollow portions; The present invention has at least one of the features (1) and (2) of the present invention. The composite structural member of claim 11 .

13. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B is selected from four types: (1) a cement-based material, (2) a mixture of a cement-based material and a polymer material, (3) a polymer material that can harden by itself, and (4) a mixture of a polymer material and at least one of a solid powder and solid granules; The cementitious material is selected from cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, normal strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete; In a mixture of a cement-based material and a polymer material, the cement in the cement-based material participates in hydration. The composite structural member of claim 11 .

14. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, material B is １ , B ２ …B ｉ , B ｉ＋１ …B Ｍ The material is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the M types of material are located in different regions. The composite structural member of claim 11 .

15. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B has at least one of the following first and second characteristics: (1) The first feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j. There is at least one time period corresponding to the i and j, and in the time period, material B ｉ In contrast, material B ｊ The liquidity of (2) The second feature There is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, and i≠j, and the corresponding material B ｉ and Material B ｊ has the following characteristics: (i) Material B ｊ The end time of the flowable state of material B is ｉ After the end time of the flowable state of material B ｉ earlier than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (ii) Material B ｊ The end time of the flowable state of material B is ｉ The time after the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage 15. The composite structural member of claim 14.

16. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, there is at least one i, where 1≦i≦M is satisfied, and the corresponding material B ｉ has at least one of the following first, second, and third characteristics, (i) The first feature Material B ｉ In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, at least the material B among all the materials that are the part B is in one time period, multiple time periods, or all the stages. ｉ is subjected to compressive stress, (ii) the second feature Material B ｉ In the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, at least the material B among all the materials that are part B is solidified within one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages. ｉ is subjected to compressive or pre-compressive stress, (iii) the third feature Material B ｉ After solidification, at least the material B of all the materials of the part B is ｉ is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress 15. The composite structural member of claim 14.

17. After all of the material in part B has solidified in at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, the member (1) The presence of compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress in the material of part B of some, some, or all of the hollow portion; (2) A compressive stress, a pre-compressive stress, or a residual pre-compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the inner wall of part A of the hollow portion, a part of the hollow portion, a plurality of parts, or all of the hollow portion, and the material of part B. (3) In the hollow portion, compressive stress exists at the contact surface between the outer surface of the support housing and the material of the portion B; It has at least one of the following three characteristics: The composite structural member of claim 11 .

18. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by the part A, there is further present a simplified pressurizing device, which is selected from a pressurizing piston, a pressurizing line having a medium, and a set-retarding pressurized liquid bag. The composite structural member of claim 11 .

19. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, i≠j, M≧2 are satisfied, corresponding material Bi and material Bj are adjacent, and the relationship between the two is (1) Any boundary surface of the material Bi facing the material Bj contacts only the isolation device and does not contact the material Bj; (2) Among the boundary surfaces of the material Bi facing the material Bj, a portion of the boundary surfaces of the material Bi contacts the isolation device but does not contact the material Bj, and another portion of the boundary surfaces of the material Bi directly contacts the material Bj; (3) Any boundary surface of the material Bi facing the material Bj is in direct contact with the material Bj; It has at least one of the following three characteristics:

15. The composite structural member of claim 14.

20. The housing-equipped volume compensation device is (1) The apparent bulk modulus or apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device is much smaller than the bulk modulus or volumetric deformation modulus of the material at any stage, part B, where the any stage refers to any stage in the entire process, and the entire process refers to the process in which the material goes from a flowable state to a solidified state where it has reached its final strength; (2) After the fluid-solid-conversion material solidifies to a predetermined strength, the composite housing formed by the fluid-solid-conversion material and the support housing has an apparent bulk modulus or apparent volumetric deformation modulus that is much greater than the apparent bulk modulus or apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device, respectively; (3) After the fluid-solid conversion material has solidified to a predetermined strength, the maximum pressure of the surrounding medium that the composite housing formed by the fluid-solid conversion material and the support housing can withstand is much greater than the pressure supplied to the surrounding medium by the pressure supply device when the pressure supply device operates alone; (4) The maximum pressure of the surrounding medium that can be withstood by the outer surface of the support housing where no holes are provided is much greater than the pressure supplied to the surrounding medium by the pressure supply device when the pressure supply device operates alone; (5) When the support housing is a circular steel pipe with holes in the pipe wall and the pressure supply device is a long tubular bag-type energy storage device, when the same radial pressure is applied to the outer surface, the value obtained by dividing the radial displacement increment of the steel pipe in the part where no holes are provided in the pipe wall by the outer diameter is much smaller than the value obtained by dividing the radial displacement increment of the bag-type pressure supply device by the outer diameter; The present invention has at least one of the features (1) to (5). The composite structural member of claim 11 .

21. A step (S1) of obtaining a part A having a hollow portion formed therein; Step (S2) of installing or fixing one or more volume compensation devices with housings in the hollow space surrounded by the part A; A step (S3) of filling the hollow portion with a material that is part B; and applying pressure to the material that is the portion B in the hollow portion (S4). The order of steps (S2) and (S3) in the manufacturing process is not limited to this and may be reversed. the material that is part B is a fluid-solid conversion material; The volume compensation device with a housing is the volume compensation device with a housing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and each volume compensation device with a housing comprises a pressure supply device and a support housing, and the pressure supply device is installed in a hollow portion of the support housing. A method for manufacturing composite structural members.

22. At an appropriate time, filling a gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support housing with a fluid-to-solid conversion material; Preferably, before the start of step (S2), a fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state is filled into at least the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support housing; and / or In step (S3) and / or step (S4), the material in portion B in the peripheral region near the outer surface of the support housing is allowed to enter the gap between the outer surface of the pressure supply device and the inner surface of the support housing through a passage in the support housing.

22. The method of claim 21 .

23. In step (S3), material B is filled into at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A. １ , B ２ …B ｉ , B ｉ＋１ …B Ｍ The M kinds of materials that are the part B are filled, and the M kinds of materials that are the part B are located in different regions.

22. The method of claim 21 .

24. (1) After step (S1) and before step (S4), an isolation device is attached to at least one hollow portion surrounded by part A; (2) In the hollow portion, there is at least one i and one j, where 1≦i≦M, 1≦j≦M, i≠j, M≧2 are satisfied, and corresponding material Bi and material Bj are adjacent, and the relationship between them is as follows: (1) Any boundary surface of the material Bi facing the material Bj contacts only the isolation device and does not contact the material Bj; (2) Among the boundary surfaces of the material Bi facing the material Bj, a portion of the boundary surfaces of the material Bi contacts the isolation device but does not contact the material Bj, and another portion of the boundary surfaces of the material Bi directly contacts the material Bj; (3) Any boundary surface of the material Bi facing the material Bj is in direct contact with the material Bj; It has at least one of the following three characteristics:

22. The method of claim 21 .

25. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, only one material of portion B is contained, in this case M=1; The composite structural member has at least one sub-member having a cross-section characterized by: (1) When the axis of the part of the member is a straight line, (i) when only one volume compensation device with a housing is installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A in the partial member, the volume compensation device with a housing is installed at the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion in the partial member, or (ii) when two or more of the housing-equipped volume compensation devices are installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A in the partial member, the locations where the housing-equipped volume compensation devices are located in the partial member are installed symmetrically with respect to the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion, or are installed symmetrically with respect to a specific straight line in the partial member, (2) When the axis of the member is a curve lying in a plane, (i) When only one volume compensation device with a housing is installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A in the part of the member, (a) In the part of the members, the housing-attached volume compensation device is disposed at the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion, or (b) In the part of the members, the position of the housing-attached volume compensation device is shifted from the geometric center of the cross section of the hollow portion but is located on a plane on which the axis is located, or (ii) When two or more of the housing-attached volume compensation devices are installed in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A in the partial member, the housing-attached volume compensation devices are installed in the partial member so as to be symmetrical with respect to the plane on which the axis is located.

22. The method of claim 21 .

26. In at least one hollow portion surrounded by portion A, the material of portion B has the following characteristics (I), (II), and (III): The feature (I) is that in the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, １ and B ２ In this case, M=2 and material B １ and Material B ２ are located in different areas, The feature (II) is that all or most of the outer surface of the at least one housing-equipped volume compensation device is made of material B. ２ Contact with The characteristic (III) is the material B １ and Material B ２ has at least one of the following three features: a first feature, a second feature, and a third feature, (1) The first feature Material B ２ The end time of the flowable state of material B is １ After the end time of the flowable state of material B １ earlier than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of Material B ２ The end time of the flowable state of material B is １ after the start of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage, (2) The second feature There is at least one time period, and during that time period, material B １ In contrast, material B ２ The liquidity of (3) The third feature Material B １ and Material B ２ has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Material B １ In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, the material B is added in one time period, multiple time periods, or all of the stages. １ and Material B ２ At least one of the above is subjected to compressive stress, (ii) Material B １ During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, the material B １ and Material B ２ At least one of the above is subjected to a compressive stress or a pre-compressive stress, (iii) Material B １ After solidifying, the material B １ is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress, and / or said material B ２ is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress, (iv) Material B １ and Material B ２ After each of these has solidified, the material B １ is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress, and / or said material B ２ is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress 22. The method of claim 21 .

27. A manufacturing method comprising: In the hollow portion surrounded by the portion A, B １ , B ２ and B ３ In this case, M=3 and material B １ , material B ２ and Material B ２ are located in different areas, The manufacturing method has at least one of the following three features: feature A, feature B, and feature C, (1) The above-mentioned feature (a) At least one housing-equipped volume compensation device is made of material B ３ and the material B ３ is in a flowable state, material B １ and Material B ２ When the volume of at least one of the materials B and B is contracted, the material B contacts the pressure supply device in the housing-equipped volume compensation device by being pushed by the pressure supply device. ３ Material B flows out of the holes in the support housing. １ and Material B ２ Compensating for the volume loss due to shrinkage of at least one of (2) The above feature B Material B １ , material B ２ and Material B ３ has one of the following three characteristics: (1) First feature a. Material B ２ The end time of the flowable state of material B is １ and / or, b. Material B ３ The end time of the flowable state of material B is ２ and material B ２ earlier than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (2) Second feature a. Material B ２ The end time of the flowable state of material B is １ and / or, b. Material B ３ The end time of the flowable state of material B is ２ later than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (3) Third feature a. Material B ２ The end time of the flowable state of material B is １ After the end time of the flowable state of material B １ and / or b. Material B ３ The end time of the flowable state of material B is ２ After the end time of the flowable state of material B ２ earlier than the start time of the turning point of the volumetric shrinkage of (3) The above feature C Material B １ , material B ２ and Material B ３ has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Material B １ In the stage where the material B is in a flowable state, the material B is added in one time period, multiple time periods, or all of the stages. １ , material B ２ and Material B ３ At least one material is subjected to compressive stress; (ii) Material B １ During the solidification process from a flowable state to a solid state, material B may solidify within one time period, multiple time periods, or all stages. １ , material B ２ and Material B ３ at least one material is subjected to a compressive stress or a pre-compressive stress; (iii) Material B １ After solidifying, the material B １ , material B ２ and Material B ３ at least one material of the present invention is subjected to a compressive stress, a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress; (iv) Material B １ , material B ２ and Material B ３ After all of the ingredients have hardened, add ingredient B. １ , material B ２ and Material B ３ At least one of the materials is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress.

22. The method of claim 21 .

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