Composite glazing, including laminated vacuum insulated glazing units

Abstract

The present invention relates to a laminated glazing (10) comprising at least: a. a vacuum insulated glazing unit comprising: i. a first glass pane GP1 having a thickness Z1 and having an inner pane surface (11) and an outer pane surface (12), and a second glass pane GP2 having a thickness Z2 and having an inner pane surface (21) and an outer pane surface (22); ii. a set of discrete spacers (3) positioned between the first and second glass panes to maintain the distance between the first and second glass panes; iii. a hermetic adhesive seal (4) sealing the distance between the first and second glass panes around their periphery; iv. a first and second glass pane and the discrete spacers a. a vacuum insulated glazing unit including an inner volume V defined by a set of first and second glass panes (GP2) and closed by a hermetic adhesive seal, in which a vacuum having a pressure of less than 0.1 mbar exists, with the inner pane surface facing the inner volume V; b. a third glass pane GP3 having an inner pane surface (31) and an outer pane surface (32); c. a perimeter spacer (6) positioned around its periphery between and maintaining a distance between the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane (GP2) and the inner pane surface (31) of the third glass pane (GP3), the outer pane surface (22) and the inner pane surface (32) defining an interior space Sp. The thickness Z1 of the first glass pane is equal to the thickness Z2 of the second glass pane (Z1=Z2). The outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a first panel P1 comprising m glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zfm, and / or the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a second panel P2 comprising n glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zsn, where m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0 (m≧0), n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0 (n≧0), and the sum of the integers m and n is greater than or equal to 1 (m+n≧1). The thickness of the glass sheets is such that the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel is less than or equal to 126.7% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second glass panes. [0010] TIFF2024536726000047.tif17170(Z1+Z2)).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to laminated glazing, including vacuum insulated glazing units, one or more of whose glass panes are further laminated to provide thermal insulation and safety, security and / or acoustic performance. [Background technology]

[0002] Multiple glazing, such as double glazing or even triple glazing, is a very conventional solution for providing thermal insulation. Double glazing typically comprises two glass panes connected along their perimeter by a perimeter spacer that creates an interior space sealed by a peripheral seal. The perimeter spacer maintains a certain distance between the two glass panes. Typically, the interior space is filled with air and / or an inert gas to further reduce heat transfer and / or reduce sound transmission.

[0003] Therefore, a person skilled in the art would consider replacing one of the glass panes of such a multi-layer glazing with a vacuum-insulated glazing unit to provide superior thermal performance. EP 860406 A discloses a double glazing comprising one or two vacuum-insulated glazing units. However, such a configuration gives rise to other technical problems. In fact, it was expected that the vacuum-insulated glazing unit would mechanically behave in the multi-layer glazing as a single pane, because the internal volume of the vacuum-insulated glazing unit is very thin and both glass panes are strongly connected by a hermetic adhesive seal. However, surprisingly, it was found that the vacuum-insulated glazing unit in the multi-layer glazing exhibits very different mechanical and thermal performance.

[0004] Vacuum insulated glazing units are recommended for their high thermal insulation. They typically consist of at least two glass panes separated by an internal volume in which a vacuum is created. In general, they provide high thermal insulation (heat transmission coefficient Ug < 1.2 W / m 2 To achieve a low emissivity (E) of 100 K, the absolute pressure inside the glazing unit is typically 0.1 mbar or less, and generally at least one of the two glass panes is covered with a low-emissivity layer. To obtain such a pressure inside the glazing unit, a hermetic adhesive seal is placed around the two glass panes and a vacuum is generated inside the glazing unit by means of a pump. To prevent the glazing unit from collapsing under air pressure (due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the glazing unit), a discrete spacer is placed between the two glass panes.

[0005] Vacuum insulated glazing units are carefully dimensioned to withstand different external loads. The main loads to be considered are those induced by the temperature difference between the external and internal environments. In fact, the glass panes facing the internal environment will capture a temperature similar to that of the internal environment, and the glass panes facing the external environment will capture a temperature similar to that of the external environment. In the most severe weather conditions, the difference between the internal and external temperatures can reach 40°C or more. The temperature difference between the internal and external environment can lead to stresses on the inside of the glass panes and, in severe cases, can cause the vacuum insulated glazing unit to crack. It is therefore important to control the level of thermally induced stresses.

[0006] Furthermore, laminated glazing is often also required to provide safety, security and / or acoustic performance. Therefore, one or more of the glass panes of the laminated glazing can typically be laminated. The laminated glazing unit may be required to meet the safety requirements of European standard EN12600. European standard EN356 covers burglary glazing designed to resist the action of a force by delaying the approach of objects and / or persons to the protected space for a short period of time. To obtain such safety and security performance, it is well known in the art to use laminated glass, i.e., two or more glass panes are bonded together by a double plastic interlayer that allows the glass to strongly resist penetration by the impact of objects. Nevertheless, if the glass breaks, it tends to remain within its frame, minimizing the risk of injury from sharp edges and flying or falling glass particles. Thus, laminated glass is commonly used in applications such as protection against explosions, protection for bulletproofing against burglaries in glass floors or staircases, protection from falling broken glass from building faces, earthquake resistance, etc. Lamination can also be applied to vacuum insulated glazing units. For example, EP 1 544 180 A1 discloses a vacuum insulated glazing unit in which one of the glass panes has an outer surface that is adhered to a plate-like member via an adhesive layer to minimize distortion of the reflected image while maintaining a low coefficient of thermal transmittance.

[0007] There is no prior art that addresses the technical problem of controlling the level of induced thermal stresses in vacuum insulated glazing units when incorporated into multi-layer glazing that provides improved thermal performance and safety, security and / or acoustic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The invention relates to a multi-layer glazing extending along a plane P defined by a longitudinal axis X and a vertical axis Y, the multi-layer glazing comprising at least a) A vacuum insulated glazing unit comprising a first glass pane having a thickness Z1 and having an inner pane surface and an outer pane surface, and a second glass pane having a thickness Z2 and having an inner pane surface and an outer pane surface, the thickness being measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P. The vacuum insulated glazing unit further comprises a set of discrete spacers positioned between the first and second glass panes to maintain a distance between the first and second glass panes and a hermetic adhesive seal to seal the distance between the first and second glass panes around their periphery. An internal volume V is defined by the first and second glass panes and the set of discrete spacers and is closed by the hermetic adhesive seal, and a vacuum having a pressure of less than 0.1 mbar exists. The inner pane surface faces the internal volume V. b) a third glass pane having an inner pane surface and an outer pane surface; and c) a peripheral spacer positioned between and maintaining a distance between an outer pane surface of the second glass pane and an inner pane surface of the third glass pane around the periphery thereof, the outer pane surface and the inner pane surface defining an interior space Sp; The present invention relates to a composite glazing comprising:

[0009] The thickness Z1 of the first glass pane is equal to the thickness Z2 of the second glass pane (Z1=Z2). The outer pane surface of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a first panel P1 including m glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zfm, and / or the outer pane surface of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a second panel P2 including n glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zsn. The thicknesses Zfm and Zsn are measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P. The letter m is a positive integer equal to or greater than 0 (m≧0). The letter n is a positive integer equal to or greater than 0 (n≧0), and the sum of the integers m and n is equal to or greater than 1 (m+n≧1).

[0010] The cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel is less than or equal to 126.7% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane.

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[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the outer pane surface of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a first panel P1 comprising m glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zfm, and the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a second panel P2 comprising n glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zsn, where it is further preferred that the cube root of the sum of the m glass sheets of the first panel is equal to the cube root of the n glass sheets of the second panel.

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[0012] The present invention relates to a laminated glazing, wherein the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel is 114.0% or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane.

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[0013] The present invention relates to a laminated glazing, wherein the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and the n glass sheets of the second panel is 24% or more of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane.

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[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel is between 64% and 101.4% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane.

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[0015] Preferably, the positive integer m+n≦2 and is preferably equal to 1. Preferably, the positive integer n is equal to 0.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness Zfm of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the thickness Zsn of the n glass sheets of the second panel is 1 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 1 mm), preferably 2 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 2 mm), preferably 3 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 3 mm), more preferably 4 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 4 mm).

[0017] In the insulating glazing of the invention, the thickness of the first and / or second glass pane is preferably 1 mm to 10 mm (1 mm≦Z1, Z2≦10 mm), preferably 2 mm to 8 mm (2 mm≦Z1, Z2≦8 mm), more preferably 3 mm to 6 mm (3 mm≦Z1, Z2≦6 mm). The thickness Z3 of the third glass pane is preferably 1 mm to 12 mm (1 mm≦Z3≦12 mm), preferably 3 mm to 8 mm (3 mm≦Z3≦8 mm), more preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm≦Z3≦6 mm).

[0018] Preferably, the polymer interlayer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cycloolefin polymer (COP), autoclave free polyvinyl butyral (autoclave free PVB), polyurethane (PU), ionomer, and combinations thereof, more preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and / or autoclave free PVB.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the third glass pane of the insulating glazing is laminated to the glass sheet via an interlayer polymer. In such a case, preferably the third glass pane has a thickness Z3 in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm (4 mm≦Z3≦8 mm), preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm≦Z3≦6 mm), and the glass sheet has a thickness Zs in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm (4 mm≦Zs≦8 mm), preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm≦Zs≦6 mm), more preferably the interlayer polymer is an acoustic PVB polymer interlayer. The thickness is measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one glass pane of the insulating glazing is prestressed glass. In one embodiment, the first glass pane and / or the third glass pane are preferably prestressed glass. In another embodiment, the second glass pane is preferably prestressed glass.

[0021] Preferably, the first glass pane has a linear thermal expansion coefficient CTE1 and the second glass pane has a linear thermal expansion coefficient CTE2, the absolute difference between CTE1 and CTE2 being at most 1.2×10 -6 / ℃(|CTE1-CTE2|≦1.2×10 -6 / °C), preferably at most 0.8 × 10 -6 / ℃(|CTE1-CTE2|≦0.8×10 -6 / °C), more preferably at most 0.4 × 10 -6 / ℃(|CTE1-CTE2|≦0.4×10 -6 / °C), more preferably at most 0.2 × 10 -6 / ℃(|CTE1-CTE2|≦0.2×10 -6 / °C), and even more preferably equal to 0 (|CTE1-CTE2|=0 / °C). [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1]FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a double glazing assembly including a vacuum insulated glazing unit in which a single glass pane and an exterior glass pane of the vacuum insulated glazing unit are laminated with a single glass sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a double glazing assembly including a vacuum insulated glazing unit in which both the single glass pane and the exterior glass pane of the vacuum insulated glazing unit are laminated with a single glass sheet, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a double glazing assembly including a vacuum insulated glazing unit in which both glass panes are laminated with one glass sheet each, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a double glazing assembly including a vacuum insulated glazing unit in which a single glass pane and an interior glass pane of the vacuum insulated glazing unit are laminated with two glass sheets according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0026] It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite glazing which exhibits very high thermal insulation through the inclusion of a vacuum insulated glazing unit and further provides the added benefits of safety, security, security and / or acoustics.

[0027] Within this composite glazing, the level of stress in the laminated vacuum insulated glazing unit should be controlled so that the thermally induced stress in the laminated VIG does not at least exceed that level of stress induced by the temperature difference between the internal and external environments when unlaminated. Another object of the invention is to further reduce the level of thermally induced stress faced by the vacuum insulated glazing unit when incorporated into a composite glazing by laminating one or more additional glass sheets to the outer pane faces of the first and / or second glass panes of the vacuum insulated glazing unit.

[0028] The vacuum insulated glazing unit is hereinafter referred to as "VIG". The invention is further described herein with reference to a double glazing assembly comprising a VIG and a single glass pane, but can be extended to any multi-layer glazing comprising one or more VIGs and one or more single glass panes. Another common multi-layer glazing is a triple glazing assembly comprising one or two VIGs. All technical features and preferred technical features further described herein in relation to the double glazing assembly can be applied to triple and any other multi-layer glazing.

[0029] Thermally Induced Stress Calculation Thermally induced stress is the stress induced on a glass pane of VIG when the panes have significantly different temperatures. Thermally induced stress is a combination of shear and bending stresses across the thickness of the VIG. Thermally induced stress profiles across the VIG are known in the art, as in Timoshenko's paper "Timoshenko, S., Analysis of Bi-metal Thermostats. JOSA, 1925.11(3):p.233-255," which are used to calculate stresses in bi-metal strips and can be easily extended to vacuum insulating glazing. Thermally induced stress profiles such as Timoshenko's can be easily further extended to consider laminated VIG, i.e., assuming that the shear transfer coefficient of the polymer interlayer is equal to 0. This assumption, which is widely accepted in the art, is based on the slow changes in temperature observed when the VIG is exposed to the daily temperature difference of its environment. Therefore, only bending stresses are considered in the additional glass sheet laminated to the glass pane of VIG.

[0030] The above analytical solution can calculate the thermally induced stress for all VIG configurations. The thermally induced stress for a non-laminated VIG structure having a first glass pane of a given thickness Z1 and a second glass pane of a given thickness Z2 is calculated, and its maximum tensile stress on its outer surface is considered as a reference thermally induced stress value that the corresponding laminated VIG does not exceed. Similarly, for a given VIG structure, the above analytical solution can calculate the values ​​of the thermally induced stress and the maximum tensile stress on the VIG outer surface for different laminated configurations of increasing thickness, i.e., when the VIG structure is laminated to one or more additional glass sheets of increasing thickness.

[0031] Thermally induced stresses in VIG in composite glazing. In use, glazing is typically used to close a partition that separates an interior space from an exterior space. The temperature of the interior space is typically 20-25°C, whereas the temperature of the exterior space can range from -20°C in winter to +35°C in summer. Thus, the temperature difference between the interior and exterior spaces can typically reach over 40°C in extreme conditions.

[0032] In the present invention, the VIG in the double glazing separates a space A, characterized by a temperature TempA, from the interior space of the double glazing unit, characterized by an internal temperature Tempint. When the VIG is positioned such that its first glass pane GP1 faces the first space A, the temperature of said first glass pane (T1) is adjusted to the temperature of the first space (TempA). Similarly, the third glass pane GP3 separates a space B, characterized by a temperature TempB, from the interior space. The temperature of said third glass pane (T3) is adjusted to the temperature of the second space (TempB). The temperature (T2) of the second glass pane GP2, facing the interior space, is adjusted to the temperature of the interior space (Tempint).

[0033] Typically, for double glazing, the temperature of the interior space (Tempint) was expected to be slightly affected by solar radiation and reach an average temperature between TempA and TempB. Surprisingly, it was found that for double glazing, where at least one of the single glass panes is replaced by VIG, the temperature of the interior space (Tempint) is strongly affected by solar radiation and can reach temperatures much higher than TempA and TempB.

[0034] Thermally induced stresses arise as soon as there is a temperature difference between the first glass pane (GP1 and T1) and the second glass pane (GP2 and T2) and increase as the difference between T1 and T2 increases. The temperature difference (ΔT) is the difference between the average temperature T1 calculated for the first glass pane GP1 and the average temperature T2 calculated for the second glass pane GP2. The average temperatures of the glass panes are calculated from numerical simulations known to the skilled person. Thermally induced stresses become problematic up to the possibility of VIG failure when the absolute value of the temperature difference between the glass panes (|ΔT|) reaches 20° C. and become serious when such absolute value of the temperature difference reaches 30° C. and in more severe situations 40° C.

[0035] It has further been found that when VIG is included in a composite glazing, such absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) between the glass panes can typically reach even higher values ​​than the corresponding temperature difference reached within a standalone VIG.

[0036] The table below shows data (from a location at Munich airport) that show that the absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) in summer is much higher for VIG in multi-glazing than for the VIG alone.

[0037] The data temperature was measured for a double glazing configuration including a VIG, a single glass pane facing the exterior of the building. The single glass pane is separated from the VIG by a 15mm perimeter spacer and the interior space is filled with argon. The single glass pane has a solar control coating on its surface facing the interior space of the double glazing. The VIG includes a first glass pane GP1 and a second glass pane GP2, both having a thickness of 4mm each. The second glass pane faces the interior space of the double glazing. The first glass pane has a low emissivity coating on its surface facing the interior volume of the VIG.

[0038] The outside temperature can reach 32°C in summer and -23°C in winter, compared to a temperature of 20°C inside the building. The absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) would therefore range around 11°C in summer and 39°C in winter for a single VIG. When the VIG is configured as double glazing, the temperature of the interior space (Tempint) can reach 68°C in summer and -10°C in winter. The absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) facing the VIG in double glazing would therefore range around 31°C in summer and 27°C in winter. From these data it can be seen that for the VIG in double glazing, the absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) in summer is similar to the absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) in winter. This is in contrast to the case for a single VIG, where the absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) in winter is higher than the absolute value of the temperature difference (|ΔT|) in summer. Therefore, those skilled in the art need to consider not only the absolute value of the temperature difference in winter (|ΔT|), but also the absolute value of the temperature difference in summer (|ΔT|) in order to control thermally induced stresses in VIG and avoid damage.

[0039] The following table illustrates the temperature difference (ΔT), which is the difference between the average temperature T1 calculated for the first pane of glass GP1 and the average temperature T2 calculated for the second pane of glass GP2. TIFF2024536726000015.tif85170

[0040] Where the absolute values ​​of the winter and summer temperature differences (|ΔT|) are close to each other, so that both summer and winter conditions must be taken into account, it has surprisingly been found that VIG, when incorporated into a multi-layer glazing, should be configured such that the thicknesses of the first and second glass panes are the same and that lamination of the VIG glass panes increases the resistance to thermally induced stresses. It has further been found that lamination of the VIG glass panes increases the resistance to thermally induced stresses up to a certain point, and further increasing the thickness of the VIG glass panes by lamination surprisingly decreases the resistance to thermally induced stresses.

[0041] As demonstrated above, when incorporated into a laminated glazing, the VIG must be carefully dimensioned to resist thermally induced stresses, particularly to its environment of use and to the laminated glazing configuration. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide additional performance to the glazing, such as safety, security, security and / or acoustics, by laminating one or more glass panes of the VIG, while maintaining and even reducing the level of thermally induced stresses when incorporated into the laminated glazing. Surprisingly, it has been found that by carefully designing the thickness of the additional glass sheet laminated to one or both glass panes of the VIG, the safety, security, security and / or acoustic benefits can be further improved and added without compromising its mechanical resistance to thermally induced stresses. It has further been found that in such a configuration situation, the benefits of laminating one or both glass panes of the VIG work even better when the glass panes of the VIG have the same thickness.

[0042] The additional glass sheet as laminated to the VIG is hereinafter referred to as a "panel". This panel is laminated to the outer pane surface of the first and / or second glass pane of the VIG via an interlayer polymer to form a laminated vacuum insulated glazing unit, hereinafter referred to as a "laminated VIG". The outer pane surface of the first glass pane faces the exterior of the glazing and the outer pane surface of the second glass pane faces the interior space of the laminated glazing. The interlayer polymer is positioned between the outer pane surface of the first and / or second glass pane of the VIG and each of the first and / or second glass panes to form a laminated assembly.

[0043] The present invention Thus, as illustrated in Figures 1-4, the present invention relates to a laminated glazing (10) extending along a plane P defined by a longitudinal axis X and a vertical axis Y, comprising at least a vacuum insulated glazing unit. The VIG comprises a first glass pane GP1 having a thickness Z1 and having an inner pane surface (11) and an outer pane surface (12), and a second glass pane GP2 having a thickness Z2 and having an inner pane surface (21) and an outer pane surface (22). The thicknesses are measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P. The VIG further comprises a set of discrete spacers (3) positioned between the first and second glass panes, the set of discrete spacers (3) maintaining the distance between the first and second glass panes, and a hermetic adhesive seal (4) sealing the distance between the first and second glass panes around their periphery. An internal volume V is defined by the first and second glass panes and the set of discrete spacers and is closed by a hermetic adhesive seal, and a vacuum exists having a pressure less than 0.1 mbar. The inner pane surface of the VIG faces the internal volume V. The thickness Z1 of the first glass pane is equal to the thickness Z2 of the second glass pane (Z1=Z2).

[0044] In the VIG, the outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a first panel P1 comprising m glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zfm, and / or the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a second panel P2 comprising n glass sheets, each having a sheet thickness Zsn. The thicknesses Zfm and Zsn are measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P. The letter m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0 (m≧0), the letter n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0 (n≧0), and the sum of the integers m and n is greater than or equal to 1 (m+n≧1). When the integer m or n is equal to 0 (m=0 or n=0), the corresponding sheet thickness is equal to 0 (Zs0=0 or Zf0=0). The first panel may be a single glass sheet (m=1) or may include m glass sheets (m>1) laminated together with m-1 interlayer polymers. Similarly, the second panel may be a single glass sheet (n=1) or may include n glass sheets (n>1) laminated together with n-1 interlayer polymers.

[0045] The present invention is based on the surprising discovery that there is a significant correlation between the thickness of the glass pane of the VIG and the thickness of the glass sheets of the panel in order to maintain and even improve the resistance of the VIG to thermally induced stresses, also in the more stringent thermal profile of a laminated glazing. Surprisingly, it has been found that by laminating the first and / or second glass panes of the VIG with a first and / or second panel of a specific thickness, and designing the VIG such that the first and second glass panes of the VIG have the same thickness, it is possible to maintain and even improve the resistance of such VIG to thermally induced stresses when incorporated into a laminated glazing. Thus, the thickness of the glass sheets in the first and / or second panel is such that the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel P1 and the n glass sheets of the second panel P2 is less than or equal to 126.7% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second glass panes.

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[0046] The laminated glazing of the present invention further comprises a third glass pane GP3 having an inner pane surface (31) and an outer pane surface (32) and a perimeter spacer (6) positioned around the perimeter between and maintaining a distance between the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 of the VIG and the inner pane surface (31) of the third glass pane GP3. The perimeter spacer (6), the outer pane surface (22) and the inner pane surface (31) define an interior space Sp.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a first panel P1 comprising m glass sheets, each glass sheet having a thickness Zfm, and the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a second panel P2 comprising n glass sheets, each glass sheet having a thickness Zsn. In such a case, the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the m glass sheets of the first panel P1 is equal to the cube root of the cubes of the n glass sheets of the second panel P2.

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[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel P1 and the n glass sheets of the second panel P2 is less than or equal to 114.0% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane.

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[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and the n glass sheets of the second panel is greater than or equal to 24% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane.

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[0050] In a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the glass sheets laminated to the first and / or second glass pane of the VIG is such that the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel P1 and the n glass sheets of the second panel P2 is between 64% and 101.4% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second glass panes.

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[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the integers m and n is less than or equal to 2 (m+n≦2), and preferably equal to 1 (m+n=1). More preferably, the integer m is equal to 1 (m=1) and the integer n is equal to 0 (n=0), as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 illustrates a composite glazing in which only the first glass pane of the VIG is laminated to a first panel comprising one glass sheet. The outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated to a first panel P1 comprising one glass sheet having a thickness Zf1 by one polymer interlayer (7) to form a first laminated assembly. The thickness Zf1 of the single glass sheet is measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P.

[0052] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the integers m and n is less than or equal to 2 (m+n≦2), preferably equal to 2 (m+n=2). More preferably, the integer m is equal to 1 (m=1) and the integer n is equal to 1 (n=1), as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 illustrates a composite glazing in which a first glass pane of VIG is laminated to a first panel comprising one glass sheet, and a second glass pane is laminated to a second panel comprising one glass sheet. Thus, the outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated to a first panel P1 comprising one glass sheet having a thickness Zf1 by one polymer interlayer (7) to form a first laminated assembly. The outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated to a second panel P2 comprising one glass sheet having a thickness Zs1 by one polymer interlayer (7) to form a second laminated assembly. The thickness Zf1 of the first glass sheet and the thickness Zs2 of the second glass sheet are measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P.

[0053] In an embodiment of the invention in which the VIG of the inventive multiple insulating glazing is laminated to a first panel and a second panel, it is further preferred that the sum of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets in the first panel is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the n glass sheets in the second panel. In this embodiment, the cube root of the sum of the m glass sheets of the first panel is equal to the cube root of the n glass sheets of the second panel.

number

[0054] In another embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 4, a second glass pane GP2 is laminated to a second panel P2 via an interlayer polymer. The second panel P2 comprises two glass sheets (n=2) with thicknesses Zs1 and Zs2, respectively, and one (n-1) interlayer polymer (7). When a second glass pane of a VIG is laminated to the second panel via an interlayer polymer, the second panel can be of smaller dimensions. Panel P2 and second glass pane GP2 comprise a peripheral edge. The peripheral edge of the second panel is recessed from the peripheral edge of the second glass pane.

[0055] Interlayer Polymer The interlayer polymer typically comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyisobutylene (PIB), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), autoclave free polyvinyl butyral (autoclave free PVB), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, copolyester, polyacetal, cycloolefin polymer (COP), ionomers and / or UV activated adhesives and others known in the art of manufacturing laminated glass. Enhanced acoustic insulation can be provided with polymer interlayers with specific acoustic performance such as certain PVBs (Saflex® acoustical PVB interlayers from Eastman or Trosifol® acoustical PVB interlayers from Kuraray). Preferably, the polymer interlayer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cycloolefin polymer (COP), autoclave-free polyvinyl butyral (autoclave-free PVB), polyurethane (PU), ionomers such as SentryGlas™, and combinations thereof, more preferably EVA and / or autoclave-free PVB.

[0056] The thickness of the interlayer polymer is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 0.25 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.3 to 4 mm, more preferably 0.3 mm to 2.5 mm. To achieve the desired thickness, one or more films of commercially available interlayer polymers can be used. An example is a commercially available polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film of 0.38 mm.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the third glass pane GP3 of the multiple glazing can also be laminated to at least one glass sheet by a polymer interlayer to form a laminated glass pane. As illustrated in Figure 2, the first glass pane is laminated to a first panel comprising a single glass sheet as illustrated in Figure 1, and the outer pane surface (32) of the third glass pane GP3 is laminated to one glass sheet Gs via an interlayer polymer (7). The glass sheet has a thickness Zs measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the third glass pane has a thickness Z3, measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P, in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm (4 mm≦Z3≦8 mm), preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm≦Z3≦6 mm), and the third glass pane is laminated, preferably by means of an acoustic PVB polymer interlayer, to a glass sheet having a thickness Zs in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm (4 mm≦Zs≦8 mm), preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm≦Zs≦6 mm). It is further preferred that the thickness of the third glass pane and the thickness of the glass sheet are different (Z3≠Zs).

[0059] Typically, the glass panes and sheets are annealed glass panes and sheets. However, to provide the insulating glazing with higher mechanical performance and / or to further improve safety, it is possible to envisage using prestressed glass for one or more glass panes, preferably for the first and / or third glass pane. By prestressed glass is meant herein heat-strengthened glass, heat-strengthened safety glass or chemically strengthened glass. In a preferred embodiment, the insulating glazing comprises a VIG in which the third glass pane GP3 and the second glass pane GP2 made from prestressed glass are laminated to a second panel comprising one sheet, and the first glass pane GP1 is prestressed. In another preferred embodiment, the second glass pane is prestressed glass.

[0060] Heat strengthened glass and heat strengthened safety glass are heat treated using a controlled heating and cooling method that places the glass faces in compression and the other core in tension. The heat treatment method delivers a bending strength to the glass greater than annealed glass but less than heat strengthened safety glass. Heat strengthened safety glass breaks into small granular particles upon impact rather than breaking into jagged shards. The particles are less likely to injure occupants or damage objects. Chemical strengthening of glass articles is a thermally induced ion exchange that involves replacing smaller alkali sodium ions in the surface layer of the glass with larger ions, such as alkali potassium ions. An increase in surface compressive stress occurs in the glass as the larger ions "wedge in" into the small spaces previously occupied by the sodium ions. Such chemical treatment is generally performed by immersing the glass in an ion exchange molten bath containing one or more molten salts of the larger ions with precise control of temperature and time. For example, aluminosilicate glass compositions such as those from Asahi Glass Co.'s DragonTrail® line or Corning Inc.'s Gorilla® line are known to be very efficient for chemical tempering.

[0061] Vacuum Insulation Glazing A VIG typically comprises a first and a second glass pane associated together using a set of discrete spacers that keep said panes separated by a specific distance, typically in the range of 50 μm to 1000 μm, preferably 50 μm to 500 μm, more preferably 50 μm to 150 μm, and an internal space between said panes that includes at least one first cavity, in which a vacuum exists within the cavity with an absolute pressure of less than 0.1 mbar. The space is closed by a perimeter hermetic adhesive seal placed around the perimeter of the glass panes. Generally, a high performance thermal insulation (heat transmission coefficient Ug is less than Ug<1.2 W / m 2 K, preferably Ug<0.8W / m 2 To achieve a thermal barrier of 100 K, the pressure inside the glazing unit is typically 0.1 mbar or less and generally at least one of the two glass panes is covered with a low-emissivity coating.

[0062] The present invention relates to a multi-layer glazing (10) comprising at least one vacuum-insulated glazing unit (20), a third glass pane GP3 and a perimeter spacer (6). In one embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer glazing may comprise only a VIG unit, such that the single glass pane GP3 described above is integrated into a vacuum-insulated unit comprising the single glass pane GP3 and an additional glass pane GP4 that together form a second VIG unit similar to the VIG described above. All technical features and preferred technical features described above and further herein with respect to a double or multi-layer glazing comprising a single glass pane can be applied to the multi-layer glazing configuration, respectively. Thus, in this embodiment, the third glass pane GP3 is further associated with the fourth glass pane GP4 by a set of discrete spacers (3) positioned between the third and fourth glass panes, maintaining the distance between them, and a hermetic adhesive seal (4) seals the distance between them over its perimeter, creating an internal volume V in which a vacuum with a pressure of less than 0.1 mbar is present.

[0063] The thickness Z1, Z2 of the first and / or second glass pane of the VIG and / or the thickness Z3 of the third glass pane of the multi-layer glazing is typically 2 mm or more (Z1, Z2, Z3 ≧ 2 mm), preferably 3 mm or more (Z1, Z2, Z3 ≧ 3 mm), more preferably 4 mm or more (Z1, Z2, Z3 ≧ 4 mm), more preferably 6 mm or more (Z1, Z2, Z3 ≧ 6 mm). Typically, the thickness of the first and / or second glass pane and / or the thickness of the third glass pane Z3 will be 12 mm or less (Z1, Z2, Z3 ≦ 12 mm), preferably 10 mm or less (Z1, Z2, Z3 ≦ 10 mm), more preferably 8 mm or less (Z1, Z2, Z3 ≦ 8 mm). The thickness is measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness Z1 and / or Z2 of the first and second glass panes is 1 mm to 10 mm (1 mm≦Z1, Z2≦10 mm), preferably 2 mm to 8 mm (2 mm≦Z1, Z2≦8 mm), more preferably 3 mm to 6 mm (3 mm≦Z1, Z2≦6 mm). In a preferred embodiment, the thickness Z3 of the third glass pane is 1 mm to 12 mm (1 mm≦Z3≦12 mm), preferably 3 mm to 10 mm (3 mm≦Z3≦10 mm), more preferably 4 mm to 8 mm (4 mm≦Z3≦8 mm).

[0064] Preferably, the thickness Zfm of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the thickness Zsn of the n glass sheets of the second panel is 1 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 1 mm), preferably 2 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 2 mm), preferably 3 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 3 mm), more preferably 4 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≧ 4 mm).

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating glazing has a length L, measured along the vertical axis Y, of 500 mm or more (L≧500 mm), 800 mm or more (L≧800 mm), more preferably 1200 mm or more (L≧1200 mm). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating glazing has a width W, measured along the longitudinal axis X, of 300 mm or more (W≧300 mm), preferably 400 mm or more (W≧400 mm), more preferably 500 mm or more (W≧500 mm), more preferably 750 mm or more (W≧750 mm), more preferably 1000 mm or more (W≧1000 mm), even more preferably 1000 mm or more (W≧1000 mm).

[0066] Spacer The discrete spacers (also called "pillars") are positioned between the first and second glass panes, maintaining the distance therebetween, forming an array with a pitch λ in the range of 10 mm to 100 mm (10 mm≦λ≦100 mm). By pitch is meant the distance between the discrete spacers. In a preferred embodiment, the pitch is 15 mm to 80 mm (15 mm≦λ≦80 mm), preferably 15 mm to 50 mm (15 mm≦λ≦50 mm), preferably 15 mm to 40 mm (15 mm≦λ≦40 mm), more preferably 15 mm to 25 mm (15 mm≦λ≦25 mm), even more preferably about 20 mm. The arrays within the present invention are typically regular arrays based on an equilateral triangular, square or hexagonal diagram, preferably based on a square diagram. The discrete spacers can have different shapes, such as cylindrical, spherical, thread-like, hourglass-shaped, C-shaped, cross-shaped, prismatic, etc. Small pillars, i.e. generally 5 mm 2 Less than 3mm, preferably 2 Less than 1mm, more preferably 2 It is preferable to use posts having a contact surface with the glass pane defined by their perimeter of: These values ​​may provide good mechanical resistance while being aesthetically discrete.

[0067] A typical discrete spacer is made of a material that is durable against the pressure and high temperature encountered during the VIG production process and is unlikely to release any gas after the glazing is manufactured. Such a material is preferably a hard material such as a metal material, quartz glass or a ceramic material, in particular a metal material such as iron, tungsten, nickel, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, carbon steel, chromium steel, nickel steel, stainless steel, nickel-chromium steel, manganese steel, chromium-manganese steel, chromium-molybdenum steel, silicon steel, nichrome, duralumin or the like. Another such material can be a ceramic material such as corundum, alumina, mullite, magnesia, yttria, aluminium nitride, silicon nitride or the like. However, if such materials offer higher mechanical resistance, they have rather poor thermal conductivity performance (high thermal conductivity). Therefore, the discrete spacer preferred for the VIG element of the composite glazing of the present invention is made of a material with lower electrical conductivity such as a resin, preferably a polyimide resin. In this case, the thermal conductivity of the spacer can be minimized and heat is less likely to be transferred through the discrete spacers in contact with the first and second glass panes.

[0068] Hermetic adhesive seal The internal volume of the VIG is closed with a hermetic adhesive seal placed around the periphery of the glass pane around said internal space. The hermetic adhesive seal is impermeable to air or any other gas present in the atmosphere. There are various hermetic adhesive seal technologies. The first type of seal (the most widespread) is a seal based on a solder glass whose melting point is lower than that of the glass pane of the glazing unit. Typically it is below 500°C, preferably below 450°C, more preferably below 400°C. Examples are glass frits with low melting points such as bismuth-based glass frits, lead-based glass frits, vanadium-based glass frits and mixtures thereof. The second type of seal comprises a metal seal, for example a metal strip of small thickness (<500 μm) soldered to the periphery of the glazing unit using a tie underlayer at least partially covered with a layer of a solderable material such as soft tin alloy solder.

[0069] Internal volume A vacuum of less than 0.1 mbar, preferably less than 0.01 mbar absolute pressure is created in an internal volume V defined by the first and second glass panes and the set of discrete spacers and closed by a hermetic adhesive seal. Getters can be used to persistently maintain a given vacuum level in the vacuum insulating glazing unit. Typically such getters consist of zirconium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, aluminium etc. and are deposited in the form of a thin layer (a few microns thick) or in the form of tablets placed between the glass panes.

[0070] Glass panes and sheets The VIG glass panes GP1 and GP2 and the third glass pane GP3 can be selected from float clear glass, high transmittance glass or colored glass. Typically the glass panes are soda lime silica glass, aluminosilicate glass or borosilicate glass, preferably soda lime silica glass. Patterned, structured and printed glass are suitable. The glass panes can optionally be edge ground for safety.

[0071] Preferably, the composition of the glass pane comprises the following components in weight percent, expressed on the total weight of the glass (Comp. A): More preferably, the glass composition (Comp. B) is a soda-lime-silica type glass with a base glass matrix of a composition comprising the following components in weight percent, expressed on the total weight of the glass: TIFF2024536726000030.tif78170

[0072] Other preferred glasses include the following components in weight percent, expressed on the total weight of the glass: TIFF2024536726000031.tif83170

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, within the VIG, a first pane of glass has a thermal expansion coefficient CTE1 and a second pane of glass has a thermal expansion coefficient CTE2, such that the absolute difference between CTE1 and CTE2 is at most 0.40×10 -6 / ℃ or less (|CTE1-CTE2|≦0.40×10 -6 / °C), preferably at most 0.30×10 -6 / ℃(|CTE1-CTE2|≦0.30×10 -6 / °C), more preferably at most 0.20×10 -6 / ℃ or less (|CTE1-CTE2|≦0.20×10 -6 / °C). Ideally, the first and second glass panes have the same coefficient of thermal expansion (|CTE1-CTE2|=0 / °C). The "coefficient of thermal expansion" (CTE) is a measure of how an object changes size with a change in temperature. Specifically, it measures the fractional change in volume of a glass pane per degree of temperature change at constant pressure.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, functional coatings such as low-emissivity coatings, solar control coatings (heat-reflecting coatings), anti-reflective coatings, anti-fog coatings, preferably heat-reflecting coatings or low-emissivity coatings, can be provided on at least one of the glass panes of the multi-layer glazing unit. Preferably, the inner pane surface of the first and / or second glass pane, the inner pane surface and / or the outer pane surface of the third glass pane and / or the outer sheet surface of the glass sheet are provided with at least a heat-reflecting coating or a low-emissivity coating when one of the glass panes of the multi-layer glazing is further laminated to the glass sheet. As illustrated in Figures 1-4, the inner pane surface (11) of the first glass pane GP1 can typically be coated with a low-emissivity coating (5).

[0075] In one embodiment, the outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane can be provided with at least one spall-shielding polymeric film, preferably a polyester spall-shielding film.

[0076] Multi-glazing In the composite glazing of the present invention, a perimeter spacer maintains a certain distance between the third glass pane and the second glass pane of the VIG. The perimeter spacer extends along the edge of the glazing and is positioned around its periphery between and maintains a distance between the outer pane surface of the second glass pane GP2 and the inner pane surface of the third glass pane GP3, the perimeter spacer and said outer pane surfaces defining an interior space Sp.

[0077] Typically, the spacer comprises a desiccant and typically has a thickness in the range of 4 mm to 32 mm, preferably 4 to 22 mm, preferably 4 to 16 mm, more preferably 6 to 12 mm. Generally, the second internal volume is filled with air and / or an inert gas. The nature of the gas and the distance between GP2 and GP3 are selected to appropriately reduce heat transfer and / or sound transmission. The internal space Sp is filled with air and / or an inert gas selected from dry air, argon, xenon, krypton or mixtures thereof, preferably argon or a mixture of air and argon.

[0078] In its role of maintaining the internal space Sp, the perimeter spacer must of course provide suitable gas-tight properties. It is important that the perimeter spacer prevents the escape of inert gas from the internal space Sp and / or prevents the entry of water vapor. The perimeter spacer is typically an object of elongated shape and constant cross section. The perimeter spacer can be a solid or hollow element.

[0079] Examples of perimeter spacers include metal spacers, ceramic spacers, glass spacers, polymer spacers, and combinations or composites thereof. Examples of polymer perimeter spacers include polyisobutylene butyl blends, silicone rubber foam, polypropylene, PVC, styrene acrylonitrile, or biopolymers, and mixtures or combinations thereof. Further examples of polymer perimeter spacers include transparent rigid materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyamide, and / or polyester, which may provide transparency along the edges. Metal, ceramic, or glass perimeter spacers are also suitable materials. Examples of metals include galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys. Examples of composite perimeter spacers include polypropylene / stainless steel.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the perimeter spacer in the insulating glazing is a warm edge perimeter spacer which has better thermal performance than standard aluminium spacer bars. Thermally improved spacers have a thermal conductivity value of 0.007 W / k or less as calculated by EN10077-1 annex E.

[0081] The perimeter spacer may have adhesive properties so that it adheres directly to the glass pane surface that it contacts. For example, polyisobutylene butyl compounds (also known as thermoplastic spacers, or TPS) have inherent hermetic and adhesive properties in the extruded form. They offer the advantage of adhering well to glass panes and being able to compensate for irregularities in the flatness of these glass panes, thus ensuring a good seal. They also offer the advantage of conforming to all possible shapes.

[0082] In other cases where the perimeter spacer does not have adhesive properties, such as silicone rubber foam, a first perimeter seal is required between the third glass pane and the perimeter spacer and between the second glass pane and the perimeter spacer. The adhesive provides air tightness and contributes to the mechanical strength of the structure. Examples of first perimeter seal materials include polyisobutylene, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, and mixtures or combinations thereof. The preferred first perimeter seal material is polyisobutylene and / or acrylic resin.

[0083] The peripheral spacer can typically be provided with a desiccant material. When the peripheral spacer is a hollow frame, the desiccant material at least partially fills the hollow space. Examples of desiccant materials that can fill the hollow space are silica gel, zeolites and other molecular sieves. When the peripheral spacer is a solid polymer frame, the desiccant material can be incorporated into a polymer matrix. Examples of such desiccant polymers are polymers that contain integral molecular sieves.

[0084] If the first perimeter seal does not provide sufficient gas tightness and / or mechanical strength, a second perimeter seal may be present between the single glass pane and the VIG, covering the perimeter spacer and the first perimeter seal towards the outside. This second perimeter seal may help with air tightness of the interior space and mechanical support of the glazing. The second perimeter seal typically has very good mechanical strength in addition to glass adhesion and possibly water vapor and gas tightness. Examples of second perimeter seal materials include polyisobutylene, silicone, polysulfide, polyurethane or mixtures or combinations thereof. Preferred second perimeter seal materials are silicone, polysulfide and / or polyurethane.

[0085] The insulating glazing of the present invention is typically used to close openings in partitions in buildings, in transport vehicles such as cars, trains, ships, and in appliances such as refrigerators, coolers, etc. The partitions typically separate the outside environment from an internal space, such as the interior of a building or a car. In the present invention, the insulating glazing can be used such that the single glass pane GP3 faces the outside environment or the internal space, preferably facing the outside environment.

[0086] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is in no way limited to the preferred embodiment described above. Rather, many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims. It is further noted that the present invention relates to all possible combinations of the features and preferred features described herein and recited in the claims. It is well understood by those skilled in the art that the terms "a", "an" or "the" as used herein mean at least "one" and should not be limited to "only one" unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the terms first, second and the like in this specification and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and are not necessarily used to describe any order in time, space, order or in any other manner. It will be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the present invention described herein may operate in other orders than those described or illustrated herein. TIFF2024536726000032.tif225170

[0087] The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. EXAMPLES

[0088] Thermally induced stresses have been calculated for different double glazing configurations, including a VIG and a single glass pane facing the exterior of the building. The single glass pane is separated from the VIG by a 15 mm perimeter spacer and the interior space is filled with argon. The single glass pane has a solar control coating on its surface facing the interior space of the double glazing. The VIG includes a first glass pane GP1 and a second glass pane GP2 facing the interior space of the double glazing. The first glass pane has a low emissivity coating on its surface facing the interior volume of the VIG. Examples 1-3 illustrate multi-layer glazing including different embodiments of a laminated VIG. Examples 1 and 3 of the present invention demonstrate reduced thermally induced stresses while meeting safety and security requirements. Thermally induced stresses are calculated by analytical linear solutions with the following conditions and are the highest values ​​obtained for the first and second glass panes: Temperature: ΔT = -29°C. ΔT is calculated as the temperature difference between the average temperature T1 of the first glass pane and the average temperature T2 of the second glass pane, The glass pane is a float-annealed glass pane with Young's modulus E=72 GPa and Poisson's ratio μ=0.21, Unconstrained edge, i.e. not positioned within the window frame. TIFF2024536726000033.tif209170

[0089] Example 1 illustrates that when the first glass pane of a VIG in a double glazing is laminated to a first panel comprising a single glass sheet of 6 mm via an interlayer polymer, the thermally induced stress is reduced from 5.79 MPa to 0.69 MPa such that the cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel (6 mm) is less than or equal to 126.7% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second glass panes (10.14 mm). Example 2 is a comparative example illustrating that when such a thickness relationship is not met (12 mm>10.14 mm), the technical advantage of reduced thermally induced stress is not provided. Example 3 further demonstrates that the advantage of reduced thermally induced stress is even greater than when both glass panes of the VIG are laminated with a panel comprising glass sheets of the same overall width (Zf1=Zs1).

Claims

1. A multi-layer glazing (10) extending along a plane P defined by a longitudinal axis X and a perpendicular axis Y, said multi-layer glazing (10) comprising at least a. a vacuum-insulated glazing unit, comprising i. a first glass pane GP1 having a thickness Z1 and an inner pane surface (11) and an outer pane surface (12), and a second glass pane GP2 having a thickness Z2 and an inner pane surface (21) and an outer pane surface (22), said thicknesses being measured in a direction perpendicular to said plane P, ii. a set of discrete spacers (3) positioned between said first and second glass panes and maintaining the distance therebetween, iii. a hermetic adhesive seal (4) sealing the distance between said first and second glass panes over its perimeter, iv. an internal volume V defined by said first and second glass panes and said set of discrete spacers and closed by said hermetic adhesive seal, in which a vacuum with a pressure of less than 0.1 mbar is present, said inner pane surface facing said internal volume V, internal volume V including a vacuum-insulated glazing unit; and b. a third glass pane GP3 having an inner pane surface (31) and an outer pane surface (32); and c. a peripheral spacer (6) positioned over its perimeter between the outer pane surface (22) of said second glass pane GP2 and the inner pane surface (31) of said third glass pane GP3 and maintaining the distance therebetween, said peripheral spacer (6), outer pane surface (22), and inner pane surface (32) defining an internal space Sp, peripheral spacer (6) including; the thickness Z1 of said first glass pane is equal to the thickness Z2 of said second glass pane (Z1 = Z2), The outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a first panel P1 including m glass sheets each having a sheet thickness Zfm, and / or the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a second panel P2 including n glass sheets each having a sheet thickness Zsn. The thicknesses Zfm and Zsn are measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0 (m≧0), n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0 (n≧0), and the sum of the integers m and n is greater than or equal to 1 (m + n≧1). The cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel is 126.7% or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane. 【Number 1】 , a multi-layer glazing (10). [

2. ] The outer pane surface (12) of the first glass pane GP1 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a first panel P1 including m glass sheets each having a sheet thickness Zfm, and the outer pane surface (22) of the second glass pane GP2 is laminated via an interlayer polymer to a second panel P2 including n glass sheets each having a sheet thickness Zsn. The multi-layer glazing according to claim 1. [

3. ] The cube root of the sum of the m glass sheets of the first panel is equal to the cube root of the n glass sheets of the second panel 【Number 2】 , the multi-layer glazing according to claim 2. [

4. ] The cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel is 114.0% or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 3】 , preferably 101.4% or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 4】 , more preferably 88.7% or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 5】 , even more preferably 76.6% or less of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 6】 , the multi-layer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3. [

5. ] The cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and the n glass sheets of the second panel is 24% or more of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 7】 , preferably 32% or more of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 8】 , preferably 48% or more of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 9】 , preferably 64% or more of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 10】 , more preferably 80% or more of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 11】 , the multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The cube root of the sum of the cubes of the thicknesses of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the n glass sheets of the second panel is 64% to 101.4% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 12】 , preferably 76% to 88.7% of the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass pane and the second glass pane 【Number 13】 , the multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

7. m + n ≤ 2, preferably equal to 1, the multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

8. n is equal to 0, the multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

9. The thickness Zfm of the m glass sheets of the first panel and / or the thickness Zsn of the n glass sheets of the second panel is 1 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≥ 1 mm), preferably 2 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≥ 2 mm), preferably 3 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≥ 3 mm), more preferably 4 mm or more (Zfm and Zsn ≥ 4 mm), the multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

10. The thickness of the first glass pane and / or the second glass pane is 1 mm to 10 mm (1 mm ≤ Z1, Z2 ≤ 10 mm), preferably 2 mm to 8 mm (2 mm ≤ Z1, Z2 ≤ 8 mm), more preferably 3 mm to 6 mm (3 mm ≤ Z1, Z2 ≤ 6 mm), the multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

11. The thickness Z3 of the third glass pane is 1 mm to 12 mm (1 mm ≤ Z3 ≤ 12 mm), preferably 3 mm to 8 mm (3 mm ≤ Z3 ≤ 8 mm), more preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm ≤ Z3 ≤ 6 mm). The multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

12. The polymer interlayer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cycloolefin polymer (COP), autoclave-free polyvinyl butyral (autoclave-free PVB), polyurethane (PU), ionomer, and combinations thereof, more preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and / or autoclave-free PVB. The multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

13. The third glass pane is laminated to the glass sheet via an interlayer polymer. The multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

14. The third glass pane has a thickness Z3 measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm (4 mm ≤ Z3 ≤ 8 mm), preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm ≤ Z3 ≤ 6 mm). The glass sheet has a thickness Zs measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane P in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm (4 mm ≤ Zs ≤ 8 mm), preferably 4 mm to 6 mm (4 mm ≤ Zs ≤ 6 mm). The interlayer polymer is preferably an acoustic PVB polymer interlayer. The multilayer glazing according to claim 13.

15. One of the glass panes of the multilayer glazing is prestressed glass. Preferably, the first glass pane and / or the third glass pane is a prestressed glass pane, or preferably, the second glass pane is prestressed glass. The multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

16. The first glass pane has a linear thermal expansion coefficient CTE1, and the second glass pane has a linear thermal expansion coefficient CTE2. The absolute difference between CTE1 and CTE2 is at most 1.2×10 －６ / °C (|CTE1 - CTE2| ≤ 1.2×10 －６ / °C), preferably at most 0.8×10 －６ / °C (|CTE1 - CTE2| ≤ 0.8×10 －６ / °C), more preferably at most 0.4×10 －６ / °C (|CTE1 - CTE2| ≤ 0.4×10 －６ / °C), still more preferably at most 0.2×10 －６ / °C (|CTE1 - CTE2| ≤ 0.2×10 －６ / °C), and even more preferably equal to 0 (|CTE1 - CTE2| = 0 / °C) The multilayer glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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