Apparatus for producing hydrogen and CO2 from supplied hydrocarbons and water

Abstract

Hydrocarbons and water fed under high pressure are converted into H 2 and CO 2 An apparatus adapted to produce liquid CO is described. The apparatus has an inlet for hydrocarbons (12) and an inlet for water (13), and 2 Outlets for (27) and H 2 The rotating device includes a means for rotating a rotating device (2) having an outlet (28) for hydrogen and water. The rotating device includes a hollow cylindrical evaporator (7) supported inside and around the rotating device and arranged with a heat exchanger connected to a hydrocarbon inlet (12) and a water inlet (13) and receiving a heating fluid (25) flowing from a heat pump HP (11) for directly heating and evaporating the hydrocarbon and water streams, and a steam methane reforming reactor SMR (8) connected to the evaporator (7), the SMR (8) converting hydrogen and water into H 2 , CO, and CO 2 The catalyst is then aligned with the catalyst for converting the crude oil into synthesis gas.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention produces hydrogen (H) by cracking / reforming added hydrocarbons and water. 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the present invention. [Background technology]

[0002] Hydrocarbons (HC) are compounds that contain many carbon and hydrogen atoms (C m H n ), which may be in gas or liquid form, such as methane (CH 4 ) may be.

[0003] Hydrogen and CO are produced from the inlet fluids HC and water through a heating and catalytic process. 2 Current methods and apparatus for producing the products are primarily done using methane and steam methane reforming (SMR) catalytic reactors, which are 2 , CO, and some CO 2 This produces synthesis gas containing water and CO along with water steam, and more H 2 and CO 2 The mixture is then directed to a water gas shift (WGS) catalytic reactor, where it is converted to H2O, with only a small amount of residual moisture being the main product of WGS in the preferred conversion. The mixture is then directed to a gas separator (SEP), where it is converted to H2O via the SEP. 2 and CO 2 The remaining vapors may be condensed before being separated from each other, currently typically using a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system and / or an amine solution. 2 and H 2 are compressed, and CO 2 is utilized or stored (CCUS), 2 may be further compressed or liquefied to make it easier to handle prior to use.

[0004] The challenge of current SMR plants is that they are endothermic and therefore require a large amount of input heat energy, some of which comes from WGS, which is exothermic, adding up to a theoretical heat input energy of 17.5% of the hydrogen produced if methane gas is used. In practice, up to 50% of the heat is provided by energy, often by burning a part of the added methane. This large loss is mainly due to the heat radiation caused by the fact that the plants must be large, with flow rates usually not exceeding 25 cm per second, to avoid cooling in SMRs, which are highly endothermic and do not have time to provide enough heat energy. As a result, there are also temperature fluctuations during operation that decompose the catalyst, which must be replaced at least every two years. Also, the exhaust from the combustion not only results in heat losses, but also emits e.g. CO 2 and unburned methane, which is a significant greenhouse gas, 2 CO from exhaust fumes is 25 times more harmful to the climate than CO 2 Capture is much more energy intensive due to the large amounts of nitrogen (N) that are produced from the air supply.

[0005] H 2 and CO 2 To separate these, current separation plants are large, cost as much as 50% of the total cost of an SMR plant, and consume a lot of energy during operation.

[0006] Initially, it seemed beneficial to increase the pressure in the plant and add more water than is consumed in the decomposition. As a result, the partial pressure of methane would be beneficially lowered, and the steam would also act as a direct heat carrier to the process in the SMR and from the process in the WGS, allowing for faster flows, temperature stability, improved reactions, along with the possibility of significantly smaller and more efficient equipment, as well as allowing the exhaust gases to be at higher pressures when the excess steam is condensed. However, current stationary plants are uneconomical because they cannot recycle enough heat from the excess feed water, and because high pressures entail high material costs. Some or all of the heat input could be provided through a heat pump (HP), the cold side of which would collect heat from the products, resulting in less heat loss, and the cold side of the HP would be able to reduce the amount of CO2 produced by the process, at least in part, by using a heat pump. 2 The exhaust gases can be separated by liquefying them, but current stationary plants require large HP plants with many large compressors, turbines, and heat exchangers to achieve the high and low temperatures, making current stationary HP uneconomical. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to develop a method for producing hydrogen and CO 2 The goal is to create a compact and economical device for the generation of hydrogen and CO, which are liquefied before being discharged. 2Hydrocarbons and water are added for the production of 10 ...

[0008] This is achieved by the apparatus according to the accompanying description and claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and additional features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the subsequent detailed description.

[0010] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the principle of the invention, with a cut along the axis of rotation and one half of the rotating device shown. The other half is a mirror image of the half structure appearing along one side of the longitudinal axis of rotation, showing a bearing-supported rotatable rotating device with inlets, outlets, channels, and various heat exchangers, evaporators, SMRs, WGSs, SEPs, and HPs with fluids in the feed and reaction channels, which together form a balanced cylindrical shape around the axis of rotation. The downward arrows in the diagram symbolize the fluids in the outward channels towards the periphery that are compressed by increasing G, and the upward arrows in the diagram symbolize the fluids in the inward channels that are decompressed towards the axis of rotation by decreasing G. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] According to FIG. 1 and a brief description of the figure, a longitudinal section is shown along a rotating axis 1, on one side of which there is a cylindrical rotating device 2, which at the inlet side has a hollow inlet shaft 3 supported by an inlet bearing 4, and at the outlet side a hollow outlet shaft 5 with an outlet bearing 6, allowing the rotating device 2 to rotate. The rotating device 2 contains and supports from the periphery an evaporator 7, an SMR 8, a WGS 9 and a heat pump HP 11, and at the inlet side inside the hollow inlet shaft 3 a hydrocarbon (HC) inlet channel 12 is arranged in an axial tube around the rotating axis 1, attached by means of sealing the inside of the rotating device 2 against the inner end of the pipe, and further connects to several radial HC channels 15 that branch out outwards to one axial side of the evaporator 7, where the HC are led. The shape of the evaporator 7 is a hollow cylinder supported along the inside on the periphery of the peripheral tube of the rotating device 2. The water inlet channel 13 for the process water for cracking is led into the room in an axial pipe around the HC inlet channel 12, fixed axially outside the inner end to the HC inlet channel 12 with a means of sealing the inside of the rotating device 2 towards the outer inner end of the pipe, and further connects to the return water channel 26, where it branches outwards to the inside of several radial water channels 14 as a whole and to the evaporator 7, the water being led to the same end where the HC fluid is led. In the figure, both the radial HC channel 15 and the radial water channel 14 are shown with an outward arrow / symbol of compression 16 into the fluid channel due to the increase in centrifugal force that compresses and makes the gas hotter. This also applies to all outward radial channels. In the evaporator 7, the HCs are mixed with water, both of which may be in gas or liquid form, and are indirectly heated from the periphery by the heat from the HP 11 and the thermal fluid channels 25, resulting in a dry gas mixture with adapted heat and excess water vapor for heat transfer, which is directed in some inward channels / holes to one end of the SMR 8 at the periphery, where it is located towards the inner periphery of the evaporator 7 and provides additional heat inward through the periphery into the SMR 8 for a stable temperature in the SMR 8. The synthesis gas (hydrogen, CO, and some CO) with excess water vapor that was not consumed is heated indirectly from the periphery to the SMR 8. 2In the endothermic catalytic cracking of the gas mixture, which is converted to CO, the synthesis gas is led through the SMR to the other end of the inner circumference, where it provides indirect heat to the HP11 coolant in the SMR heat exchanger 20 after the evaporator 7 is cooled inward by low pressure, represented in the figure by an expansion symbol on the cooling fluid channel 17. This is the same for all of the other inward channels 18, 19, and 21 with different fluids. After releasing heat to the cooling fluid in the SMR heat exchanger 20, the synthesis gas and excess water vapor are further transported in several SMR synthesis gas channels 18 that branch inward to one end of the WGS9 containing adapted catalysts in an exothermic / exothermic process, and the residue of CO and water vapor is converted to even more H, which is the final product with the excess water vapor. 2 and CO 2 These are transported inward in several WGS syngas channels 19 that branch inward in the axial end of the SEP (separator) 10, where the refrigerant supplied from the cooling fluid channels 21 is first directed into the SEP 10 and collects heat to the HP 11 via the SEP cooling channels 22 of the cooling fluid shown by the double arrows connected to the cooling fluid channels 21 from the surroundings, showing the cold to the SEP 10 and the heat to and from the HP 11. The cooling of the product in the SEP 10 first condenses all of the excess water vapor into liquid water, which is diverted for recycling via the return water channels 26. When the water vapor condenses, the partial pressure increases significantly with respect to the residual gas, resulting in the formation of CO 2 condenses into liquid, and CO 2 Substantially all of the CO is released through outlet channel 27. 2 is further cooled and liquefied, which may be the same as described for the water inlet channel 13. After a series of inward heat exchangers, the gas remaining in the separator SEP10 is 2 is relatively clean and cold, and H 2It is discharged under high pressure through the outlet channel 28, which may be the same as described for the HC inlet channel 12. All heat is transferred rapidly inwards into the fluid with large convection at high G. This results in good and fast contact between the heat exchanger and the fluid, which transports heat inwards and cold outwards rapidly at high G, and then in the reactor with catalyst, as in the SMR8 and WGS9 with high mass transport and excess water vapor, a relatively stable temperature is maintained in the reactor, so it is possible to implement as quickly as possible, while increasing the conversion of the inlet products to the SMR8 and WGS9 to new products inwards towards the SEP10. During high G, heat is difficult to move outwards in the fluid, so it acts as an insulator and can be utilized in a rotating device if desired, such as the cold fluid on the outside of the evaporator 7 in a hollow cylinder where the fluid flows in layers with the heat inside at high G, and the outer tube is kept relatively cool and has strength for support.

[0012] As shown in FIG. 1, the rotating device 2 and its contents 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and the heat exchanger (not shown) are axial tubes of different dimensions, materials and radii, possibly arranged inside or behind each other. The tubes surround and are centered on the axis of rotation 1, the inner tubes are almost suspended in the outer fluid, and the tubes inside the rotor are relatively thin, improving the required heat exchange. The outermost and largest tubes are the periphery of the rotating device 2 and may be the periphery of the heating fluid in the evaporator 7. The next tubes on the inside are the heat exchange tubes between the heating fluid and the evaporator 7, where the mixture of water and hydrocarbons fed is heated to a hot dry gas and is held in place by the next heat exchange pipe, which is also the periphery tube of the SMR 8, forming a space with the next tube by its inner radius. The gas mixture from the evaporator 7 is led through several channels / holes to one end at the periphery of the SMR 8 chamber. SMR converts some of the water vapor and HC into H 2 , CO, and some CO 2The axial tubes in the SMR 8 are thermally insulated and within this tube the SMR heat exchanger 20 may be placed with two hollow cylindrical compartments with the heat exchanger tubes in between, the outermost cavity is formed with an axial hot fluid syngas channel from the other end at the inner circumference of the SMR 8 through a number of channels / holes into the syngas channel of the SMR heat exchanger 20, the innermost compartment is a room for the cold fluid that is led from the end of the evaporator 7 through several radial cold fluid channels 17, the inner cold fluid with lower G and pressure is cooled on its way to the room in the SMR heat exchanger 20 for the cold fluid that collects heat from the outer syngas through the heat exchanger tubes. Inside the SMR heat exchanger 20, there may be adiabatic tubes forming the periphery of the WGS 9 and forming a space with the heat exchanger tubes transporting heat inward from the WGS 9, where all the syngas and excess water vapor enters one end of the WGS 9 from a number of radial SMR syngas channels 18 from an axial syngas channel at one end of the SMR heat exchanger 20, where the fluid is converted axially by a suitable catalyst to produce more H 2 and CO 2 These, together with other syngas and excess water vapor, are transported inwards from the inner tube at the other end into several radial WGS syngas channels 19 or holes, to the SEP 10, which consists of a series of heat exchangers consisting of several axial tubes with spaces inside each other inwards towards the axis of rotation, where every other space is for the product and the other is for the cooling fluid that must be inside to collect heat from the product heat exchanger spaces inwards, which first condenses the excess water, which is the discharge liquid, into the return water channels 26, and immediately thereafter, the CO 2 After further cooling, CO condenses and becomes liquid. 2 In the outlet channel 27, the H 2 Cold, pressurized pure H 2The gas is discharged. There may be several heat exchangers similar to those described above, mounted radially inside the SMR 8 and WGS 9, heating water and hydrocarbons in the outward path to the evaporator 7, and / or these heat exchangers heat the cold fluid on the inward path, and / or the cold fluid is first led from the evaporator 7 directly into the separator 10 for the lowest temperature, and then led outward again to one or more heat exchangers, collecting heat during transport, and led inward to the HP 11 supported by tubes that may have an inner stator adapted to the axial compressor rotor if used. Alternatively, cylindrical tubes and at least one centrifugal compressor and outward shovel diffusers at the periphery are connected to the heating fluid channel 25.

[0013] The above mentioned axial tubes surrounding the rotating shaft are supported and sealed by means at the ends towards disks (not shown) which are further centered and supported by the rotating device 2 and where all channels are sealed and fixed with means to each other. These disks may have axial channels through them and radial channels within or between the disks connected to all inlets and outlets with seals and fasteners to the outer / inner attachment points of all channels for transporting all fluids in the rotating device via the axial tube channels.

[0014] The heat pump HP11 actually includes a compressor (not shown) located closer to the axis of rotation than shown in the principle diagram, which may be axial and / or centrifugal, the shaft of which may be balanced and fitted in the rotating device 2 about the axis of rotation 1, centrally located along the axis of rotation 1 of the rotating device 2, coupled for rotation to an EL24 motor (not shown), enclosed in the circuit of the HP11 with insulated wires to insulated slip rings at the outer outlet shaft 5, contacting respective stationary brushes for the supply of EL24, and a separate motor (not shown) connected to one of the shafts 3, 5 for custom rotation of the rotating device 2. Alternatively, an electric EL24 motor (not shown), axially outside the single shaft 3, 5 of the rotating device 2, is coupled to the HP11 compressor via a magnetic coupling for gas-tight sealing, the electric motor allowing the power of the HP fluid from the compressor to a stator and / or diffuser attached to the rotating device 2, providing the customized desired rotational force, thereby providing rotation to both the compressor and the rotating device 2. Alternatively, the HP 11 may be located on the outside of the rotor which has the cold fluid inlet / outlet 23 channels, or there may be a small HP on the inside of the rotor and a large HP on the outside, with their cold fluid inlet / outlet 23 channels connected.

[0015] The purpose of the special HP11 is to generate heat and cold, this is done using a heavy gas with low heat capacity (Cp) that is not consumed, which can be Xenon or a custom gaseous mixture, pressurized throughout the closed HP11 circuit during operation, the fluid is referred to as heating fluid in the outward path and cold fluid in the inward path and all the way to the compressor of the HP11. Since the main heat generation in the HP circuit occurs after the compressor, more heat is then formed outside in the branching radial hot fluid channels 25 of the heavy fluid gas that is compressed by high centrifugal forces (G), and finally it is indirectly released from the periphery in an adapted amount to both the evaporator 7 and the SMR 8 inward to carry out the process. This is done by the absolute delta temperature (

number

[0016] Rotating device 2 may include more heat pumps with their own sealed high pressure circuits than the HP 11 shown, and the heat pumps may be magnetically coupled to each other for rotation with a seal between them, or at least one HP may be coupled to the shaft of the other HP in equal rotational sense or counter-rotation, with at least one of the other heat pumps having a higher rotational force and driving the custom rotation of rotating device 2 as described above. For example, the HP circuit may be a circuit in which at least one of the other heat pumps in front of the HP 11 is coupled to the shaft of the other HP. 2 By pre-cooling the 2 can be made into a liquid, and cold H 2Only the SEP 10 remains at the bottom, and another HP circuit contains its own pressurized gas as cooling fluid, which may be argon, neon, or helium, or a custom gas mixture with appropriate pressure and amount that is led into a channel similar to that described for HP 11 and led to another HC evaporator with the same function outside the above evaporator 7, the heating fluid gas is led to one end and led to the outermost heat fluid chamber, and from the HC inlet channel 12, liquid low temperature methane / LNG is led in a dedicated channel into the other end of the HC evaporator 7 into the inner HC chamber, where the liquid methane is evaporated to gas in a counter-current indirect heat exchange with the heat from the outside heat fluid by the heat supplied through the heat exchanger tubes at the periphery. The evaporated methane gas is led inward from the HC evaporator into a channel for further heating before being led into the second evaporator 7 for further heating with water / steam as described above. The cooling fluid from the outlet of the HC evaporator can then be cooled to the same extent as the liquid methane. The temperature of the cooling fluid is further reduced as it is directed into the innermost part of the separator surrounding the rotating shaft 1 in the inner channels as described above, where the radial cooling fluid channels are connected at one of their closed ends into a central axial cooling tube forming a cooling fluid heat exchanger filled with a very cold cooling fluid which is further cooled through at least one pressure drop throttle at the inlet or through a heat exchanger channel where the cooling fluid receives heat towards the outlet at the other end. Outside the cooling fluid heat exchanger tube is placed a new tube closed at both ends forming a space similar to that described above, placed in the center, where low temperature H under high pressure is fed. 2 is led from a channel at the axial end of the inlet opposite the neon to the front of the first separator 10 to form a counter-current heat exchanger, where H 2 is high pressure H 2 Lower than the critical temperature for H 2 The heat is released to a cooling fluid having a temperature and pressure adapted to cause the H 2 The cooling cylinder is H 2 Before being directed to the outlet channel 28, H 2 Ortho H 2 From Para H2 The refrigerant fluid from the cooling heat exchanger can be directed for further heat capture / cooling within the rotor and / or from outside the rotor as described above before a new cycle occurs where the cooling fluid is directed to the compressor in the HP circuit and towards the ambient. Thus, the rotating device 2 can be relatively cool on the outside, providing a very efficient device since it utilizes low temperature heat in addition to obtaining heat from the process, product and environment outside the rotor.

[0017] The rotating device 2 may also be operated at a lower rpm, with the compressor(s) in the heat pump(s) providing the main compression and heat generation, and with at least one adapted throttle at the inlet of the inner axial heat exchanger, each of which may include several throttles providing an adapted lower temperature of the cooling fluid as it moves inward, which may also be adapted to condense axially and then evaporate by heat capture as described above, before the cooling fluid finally returns to the compressor(s).

[0018] The inlet fluids in the channels 12, 13 and the return water channel 26 may be directed to the radial channels 14, 15 through heat exchangers in the WGS9 and / or SMR8 and / or HP11 circuits, where they are liquid and provide heat that may be sufficient for the water to be liquid in the water channels 13, 26, 14 and the hydrocarbon channels 12, 15 if they evaporate before reaching the evaporator 7, which further heats them to the desired temperature. Since liquids provide the highest compression, evaporation at a smaller radius provides lower pressure in the evaporator 7 and further inwards from there. This may be accommodated by a water trap channel (not shown) that first directs the steam inwards to a matching radius before being directed into the evaporator 7. If both inlet fluids in the channels 12, 13 are liquid and of equal temperature, they may have a common inlet, which may be the water inlet channel 13, where they are mixed with the return water from the return water channel 26 before being diverted all together outwards in several radial water channels 14 as described above. In this solution, the HC inlet channel 12 may be omitted or used for other purposes, e.g., as shown, there is a cooling fluid inlet 23 channel that collects heat from the surroundings via an external heat exchanger and is diverted by means to the circuit, and a cooling fluid outlet 23 for low temperature fluid.

[0019] At least one steam turbine (not shown) may be centrally located, connected via magnetic coupling to one or more heat pumps, where the hot syngas with excess steam from the SMR 8 is first led directly to the inlet of the steam turbine, which provides the rotational power and reduces the equivalent of the EL 24 power supplied to the EL motor(s) of the heat pump(s). After the steam turbine, the syngas with excess steam is again led over the channel to the SMR syngas channel 18 with an adapted low pressure drop through the turbine or an adapted high pressure drop through the turbine, and then through an axial heat exchanger radially outside the WGS 9, where the fluid with the above-mentioned means receives the adapted heat that may be in the cooling fluid in the SMR heat exchanger 20 and changes place as described above, where the syngas from the outermost warm cooling fluid and the steam turbine with excess steam is at the bottom and, after adapted heating, is led to the WGS 9 via the above-mentioned WGS syngas channel 19. The pressure after the steam turbine needs to be adapted so that the gas and steam do not reach a pressure in the SEP 10 that is lower than their critical temperature compared to the cooling fluid at the temperature in the SEP 10 in order to condense each fluid. Syngas and additional steam may also be fed from the WGS syngas channel 19 to the steam turbine, where the fluid is directed to the SEP 10 at a custom pressure for further condensation as described above. There may be at least one custom turbine at the center of each cooling fluid to utilize to affect custom expansion for low temperature to the SEP 10.

[0020] WGS9 consists of a low temperature (LT) range and a high temperature (HT) range, with catalysts tailored to each region.

[0021] Thus far, reference has been made to the WGS 9 being located radially inward of the SMR 8, but the WGS 9 may be located axially longitudinally adjacent to one of the ends of the evaporator 7 and SMR 8 at the periphery of the rotating device 2, and the inner radius may preferably be similar to that of the SMR 8. Thus, the WGS 9 is axially shorter and can operate at a suitably higher G, and may be smaller at the inner radius while still having the same capacity as before. The inlets / outlets to / from the WGS 9 and heat exchanger may be similar to those described above.

[0022] The rotating device 2 is housed in a cylindrical protective housing (not shown) which supports inlet and outlet bearings 4 and 6 at the centre of each end, and dynamic seals may be fitted between the protective housing and the shafts 3, 5 (not shown), preferably on both sides of each bearing 4, 6 which may be radial bearings, axial bearings with balls or plain bearings adapted with lubrication and temperature balancing means. The inside of the protective casing may have channels and means for creating a low pressure / vacuum which reduces the rotational resistance, noise and heat loss from the rotating device 2. The protective housing may be arranged horizontally or vertically on a stationary part with connection means at said inlet and outlet. At one end of the centrally placed protective casing, a motor for the HP11 compressor and / or for the rotation of the rotating device 2 is mounted, optionally with brushes, where the compressor motor is in the HP11 circuit.

[0023] A custom gland box (not shown) is connected to each inlet channel 12, 13, 23 and each outlet channel 27, 28, 23, with the stationary portion within the gland box attached and centrally located to the protective casing by means of a cartridge seal type with custom fixed sliding surfaces for high rotational speeds, temperatures, pressures, and fluid ingress and egress, and the sliding surfaces may be made of carbide.

[0024] The SMR 8 can be filled and arranged with several thin catalytic disks (not shown) perpendicular to the axis of rotation 1, arranged around it towards the entire inner and outer circumference within the SMR 8. The disks are thin and can have small radially backward bent shovels and a porous catalytic surface structure all over the sides, all the shovels can be bent backward in the direction of rotation or every other one is like that and between them every other one has a forward bent shovel on each side. The shovels cross and overlap each other in the axial direction when pressed against each other. This creates an adapted space between them and provides better turbulence in addition to the high G which provides more mixing due to the density change as the fluid moves outward / inward along the disks and shovels, which provides good contact with the catalyst and increases the conversion which can proceed very fast without extreme cooling due to the heat transport in the excess water vapor and heat from the evaporator 7 on the periphery which transfers the excess heat inward through both the disks and the gas in the SMR. The self-supporting disk core is made of a material that will withstand the temperature, oxidation, and forces within the SMR during rotation and operation. The surfaces of the disks are coated with one or more catalysts, which are centrally located in contact with the inner and outer circumferences of the SMR8 for heat transfer from the periphery through the disks and within the SMR8. Each disk has several holes or semicircular grooves evenly located along the inner and outer circumferences, which in the assembled position form the axial channels on the inner and outer circumferences of the SMR8. Some of the disks do not have these holes or grooves along either the inner or outer circumferences, from which the inlet of the fluid at the periphery at one end of the SMR8, and after a custom number of disks, the disk has no holes / grooves on its periphery and blocks the axial channels along the periphery, so the fluid must flow inward along the inner periphery channel between the other disks. After an equal number of disks with the disks that have closed the periphery canal, there are disks on the inner circumference that do not have holes / grooves on the inner circumference. This again pushes the fluid outwards and continues inwards and outwards multiple times through the SMR 8, leading to an outlet for the fluid as described above at the inner circumference of the other end. 2The liquefaction chambers can be constructed in the same manner as those custom catalyst disks.

[0025] Inside the rotating device 2 there are large temperature changes, and due to the expansion of materials with increasing temperature and contraction at low temperatures, adapted radial and axial expansion zones are placed that can capture this movement without excessive stress while remaining tight, providing adapted braces to hold parts of the rotating device 2 in place to prevent imbalance and leakage. This can be done at suitable places (not shown) by all the pipes / hollow cylinders mentioned above, with corrugations / wrinkles completely transverse to the axis of rotation or with equal pipe thickness on the whole or part of the length of the pipe, with shapes that can resemble corrugated male and female threads at the same places on the outside and inside to obtain axially adapted axial spring support. Similarly, this can be placed completely or partly radially on the disks supporting the pipe ends. The catalyst disks mentioned above in SMR8 and WGS9 are fitted to them and screwed into place with holes / grooves fitted at the inner and outer circumference to form an axial channel which follows the threads or with transverse corrugations and threads into which the inner and outer pipes are inserted, the outer flanks of which rest on the inner peaks of the corrugations. The inner and outer pipes are preferably fitted with a series of holes replacing the holes / grooves of the catalyst disk and may be fitted for the same function as mentioned above in that the holes of the inner / outer pipes are fitted to run in and out of each corrugation.

[0026] The end caps of the rotating device 2 are attached to and seal the outer tubes, centered on each axis 3, 5, and are preferably spheres with the shape of hollow hemispheres / spherical caps whose walls may be of equal thickness radially outward and face axially outward at each end. This allows for high radial and axial flexibility and reduces the amount of material used to achieve the desired strength. The disks described above may also have the same shape (not shown), supporting all the pipes at their ends, with each hemisphere axially attached to and sealing another tube at each end. The space between each inner hemisphere with the external shovels is balanced and centered towards the inside of the outer hemisphere and can completely or partially form channels for fluids to the outside / inside, different fluids may share the same channel, but the channel is sealed against other fluids at a radius that is directed by means of separate channels to / from a reactor or heat exchanger in the rotating device 2. The end caps may have a shape that first curves axially outward from the periphery and then arcs axially inward again completely or partially at a radius, such that the shafts 3, 5 attached to the end caps at their centers approach each other axially at their ends. The protective housing has the same shape that the rotating device 2 has on the outside, with an adapted clearance between them.

[0027] The channel of the rotating device from the inlet to the outlet can be insulated between all heat exchangers and all rotating parts 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 by means.

[0028] The rotating device 2 must have the necessary materials to withstand high rotational forces, high pressures, high and low temperatures, and chemical reactions so that its strength is maintained during rotation and processing.

[0029] The heat exchanger must be made of a material that has good thermal conductivity and strength for the temperatures and pressures at which it will operate.

[0030] The rotating device may be aligned by a self-balancing agent, which may be at least one surrounding channel at the periphery where liquid partially fills the flow path.

[0031] The rotating device 2 has been described in several parts assembled with fasteners, sealants, insulators, and catalysts. However, the entire rotor or parts of it may be 3D printed, with channels of each medium and consistency built up axially in layers and bonded together to form a perfectly balanced and tightly packed rotor.

[0032] The above mentioned catalysts in SMR8 and WGS9 may be in any form with or without oxides and may be platinum, nickel, iridium, cobalt, iron, yttrium, zirconium, strontium, lanthanum, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum, or combinations of materials with similar properties.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a principle diagram and does not represent the actual design of the device. [Explanation of symbols]

[0034] 1 Rotation axis 2 Rotating device, including: 3 Inlet shaft, hollow 4 Inlet bearing 5 Exit shaft, hollow 6 Outlet bearing 7. Evaporator 8. SMR (Steam Methane Reformer) Reactor 9. WGS (Water Gas Shift) Reactor 10 SEP (separator), a condensation separator containing a series of axial heat exchangers in which heat is removed from the product to a cooling fluid having a smaller radius than the hot product of the SEP. 11 HP (Heat Pump), including compressor. 12 HC inlet channel (HC=hydrocarbon), axial pipe. 13 Water inlet channel, which processes water in the space in the axial pipe around the HC inlet channel 12. 14 radial water channels, branching outwards from the central water inlet channel 13, 26 to the evaporator 7. 15 radial HC channels, branching outwards from the central HC inlet channel 12 to the evaporator 7. 16 Compression, the symbol for all outward arrows / fluids of increasing centrifugal force causing the gas to become hotter. 17 Cooling fluid channel from evaporator 7, centrifugal force is reduced and gas becomes colder, all inward arrows / fluid equals pressure reduction symbol. 18 SMR syngas channel, branching inward from the SMR heat exchanger 20 to one end of the WGS9. 19 WGS syngas channel, which branches inward into several channels from the outlet of WGS9 and enters one end of SEP10 at the periphery. 20 SMR heat exchanger, collecting heat from the SMR syngas channel 18 from the SMR 8. 21 Cooling fluid channels, branching radially inward from the end of the SMR heat exchanger 20 for cooling fluid to receive heat inward from the WGS 9 as shown by the arrows. 22 SEP cooling channels, for cooling fluid from cooling fluid channels 21 into SEP 10 and from SEP 10 to HP 11, illustrated with common arrows for each channel entering and exiting SEP 10. 23 Cooling fluid outlet and inlet channels, which collect ambient heat, are illustrated with a common arrow for each channel. 24 EL, power supplied to the electric motor driving the compressor and rotating device 2 in HP11. 25 From the hot fluid channel, HP 11 to the periphery of the evaporator 7, the temperature of the heating fluid in the channel increases outwards. 26 Return water channel, for condensed liquid water from SEP10. 27 CO 2 Condensed cold CO from the outlet channel, SEP10 2 For. 28H 2 Outlet channel, low temperature high pressure H 2 Gas, or liquefied gas in some HP11.

Claims

1. Hydrocarbons and water are fed under high pressure to produce H ２ and CO ２ 1. An apparatus adapted to generate Means for rotating the rotating device (2), comprising an inlet (12) for hydrocarbons and an inlet (13) for water, liquid CO ２ outlet (27) for H ２ a hollow cylindrical evaporator (7) supported on the interior and periphery of the rotating device, said evaporator (7) being connected to the inlet (12) for the hydrocarbons and the inlet (13) for the water, said evaporator (7) being aligned with a heat exchanger receiving a heating fluid (25) flowing from a heat pump HP (11) to indirectly heat and evaporate the flowing hydrocarbons and water; Connected to the evaporator (7) is a device for converting hydrocarbons and water into H ２ , CO, and CO ２ a steam methane reforming reactor SMR (8) aligned with a catalyst for converting CO and water into synthesis gas, wherein excess steam is passed through an SMR heat exchanger (20) to convert CO and water into more H ２ and CO ２ a steam methane reforming reactor SMR (8) led to a water gas shift reactor WGS (9) aligned with a catalyst for converting First the liquid return water (26), then the CO ２ Pressurized liquid CO in the outlet channel (27) ２ ,Finally,H ２ The residual product H is a cold pressurized gas conducted in the outlet channel (28). ２ a gas separator SEP (10) associated with the WGS (9) and the HP (11), in which several heat exchangers for condensing the An apparatus comprising:

2. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein heat is transferred from a warm fluid to a cold fluid, and within the rotating device (2) are several custom axial heat exchangers in suitable locations centered on the axis of rotation (1), each having two hollow cylindrical axial chambers defined by inner and outer tubes with an axial heat exchanger tube in between, sealed and supported at the tube ends, wherein the warmest fluid is discharged into a channel at the axial end of the outermost hollow cylindrical chamber and into the channel at the other end, and the coldest fluid is diverted within the channel into the innermost hollow cylindrical chamber at the axial opposite end of the warmest fluid inlet, said coldest fluid receiving heat from the hottest fluid in counter-flow heat exchange through said heat exchanger tubes, and where there is a warmer source outside the outer chamber of the cooled fluid, heat can be insulated with insulating tubes outside the outermost tubes of the heat exchanger before the heated fluid is directed axially to an outlet at the other end.

3. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrocarbons and water from the inlets (12, 13) receive heat on their outward path to the evaporator (7) via axial heat exchangers and are evaporated with heat from the inner radii of the WGS (9) and / or SMR, and / or from the axial WGS syngas channels (19), and / or from the axial SMR syngas channels (18), and / or from a heat exchanger with cooling fluid from cooling fluid channels (17) in the outermost heat exchanger channels if the fluid from the inlets (12, 13) is warmer than the fluid from the inlets, from which the fluid from the inlets is evaporated, is first directed inward to a preferred radius within the channels before the channels are turned outward for further heating or before the fluid from the inlets is directed directly to the evaporator (7) for final adapted heating before being directed to the SMR (8).

4. The HP (11) comprises several heat pumps with their own circuits and gases adapted for heating and cooling at suitable locations inside and outside the rotating device (2), a first circuit HP (11) may contain xenon or mixed gases under high pressure, another heat pump circuit may be adapted for liquefaction of hydrogen, the gas under high pressure in said circuit may be argon, neon, helium or one of the adapted gas mixtures, compressed and led outwards towards a countercurrent heat exchanger at the periphery as an indirect countercurrent heat exchanger for liquid HP, which may be methane / LNG from the HC inlet channels (12, 15), evaporated and led inwards for further heating before being led to the evaporator (7), the cooling fluid may have the same temperature as the liquid HC when it enters and leaves the heat exchanger, the cooling fluid is further reduced in temperature inwards towards a new countercurrent heat exchanger at the rotating shaft 1, and condenses under high pressure in the outer chamber to form H ２ and collecting heat from the H ２ Before directing the liquid to the outlet channel (28), ２ From Para H ２ The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a nickel catalyst is disposed to convert

5. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein anchors of the rotating device (2) having at least one SMR (8) having a catalyst, at least one WGS (9) having a catalyst, and at least one HP (11) having a compressor are arranged and supported between respective axially inner and outer pipes, each of which is provided around the rotation axis (1) and forms each of hollow cylindrical spaces which may be inside each other in the above-mentioned order, and which are attached to and sealed at the tube ends with a centrally placed support disk supported by the rotating device (2), and in which channels for fluids to / from each hollow cylindrical space are arranged.

6. The SMR (8) and WGS (9) are filled with several thin disks of self-supporting material, arranged with said thin disks, perpendicular to the axis of rotation (1) around it towards the entire inner and outer circumferences inside said SMR (8) and WGS (9), said disks may be thin and may have small shovels that bend backward in the radial direction, said disks are applied to each side with a porous catalyst surface structure adapted, all shovels may be bent backward in the direction of rotation, or there may be alternate disks, with every alternate disk between them having a forward-bending shovel on each side, each disk may have several holes or semicircular grooves evenly distributed along said inner and outer circumferences, which in parallel position allows said SM 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein an axial channel is formed on the inner and outer periphery of the SMR (8) and WGS (9), from an inlet for fluid at the periphery of the SMR (8) and WGS (9) at one end, after a matched number of discs, this disc has no holes / grooves on its periphery and blocks the axial channel along its periphery, so that the fluid must flow inward between other discs along the axial inner circumferential channel, and after the discs close the outer circumferential channel, there is an equal number of discs with no holes / grooves on their inner periphery, forcing the fluid outward again, continuing in the same way inward and outward multiple times further through the SMR (8) and WGS (9) to an outlet (18, 19) at the inner periphery of the other end.

7. The HP (11) comprises a rotation axis (1) and at least one compressor arranged around the rotation axis (1) and which may be of the axial and / or centrifugal type, the shaft of the compressor being arranged around the rotation axis (1) of the longitudinal rotating device (2) and connected to an EL (24) motor for rotation, which may be arranged in a balanced manner within the rotating device (2) enclosed in the circuit of the HP (11), with wires to an insulated slip ring on the outside of the outlet shaft (5) and in contact with respective stationary brushes for the EL (24) supply and a separate motor connected to one of the shafts (3, 5) for custom rotation of the rotating device (2), or a single shaft of the rotating device (2).

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, wherein an electric EL (24) motor axially outside the shafts (3, 5) is centrally located and mounted around a protective housing and is connected to the compressor of the HP (11) via magnetic coupling for gas-tight sealing, and the electric EL (24) motor can be adapted to provide rotation to both the compressor and the rotating device (2) by enabling power of HP fluid from the compressor to a stator and / or diffuser attached to the rotating device (2) to simultaneously provide customized rpm of the rotating device (2), and in some heat pumps can be connected by magnetic coupling and a common motor.

8. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the synthesis gas with additional steam is led inward in a channel from the SMR (8) or WGS (9) directly in an adiabatic channel to at least one steam turbine in a rotating shaft (1) connected to at least one HP by magnetic coupling, to reduce the rotational force of the EL (24) and adapted so that the compressor work in the HP (11) is constant with or without the steam turbine.

9. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 or 6, wherein the catalyst in the SMR (8) and WGS (9) may be in any form, with or without oxides, and may be platinum, nickel, iridium, cobalt, iron, yttrium, zirconium, strontium, lanthanum, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum, or a combination of materials with similar properties.

10. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the channel from the inlet to the outlet is insulated between all heat exchangers.

11. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the axial pipe through which the fluid movement occurs is corrugated along the entire length or a portion of the length.

12. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the washer supporting the axial tube has a corrugated radius in whole or in part.

13. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the disks and end caps supporting the rotating device 2 and the axial tube have axial hollow hemispherical / spherical caps, with an external shovel on an inner hemisphere adjacent to an outer hemisphere to form a channel for the device beyond the facing shape.

14. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the rotating device (2) is aligned with a self-balancing agent, which may be at least one surrounding channel in the periphery, with liquid partially filling the flow path.

Images