Method for estimation, method for generation, and estimation device

Abstract

To provide a technique of estimating the derivation of a carbon fixation amount in a shell that a mollusk excretes.SOLUTION: The method of estimating the derivation of a carbon fixation amount in a shell that a mollusk excretes includes: analyzing the element of a shell and measuring the content value of C and Ca; and estimating the carbon amount of C≤Ca as the carbon fixation amount derived from calcium carbonate in a mol ratio from the content values of C and Ca; and estimating the carbon fixation amount derived from a growth environment from the carbon amount of C>Ca.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an estimation method, a generation method, and an estimation device. [Background technology]

[0002] Human activities can cause excess nutrients to flow into coastal areas and estuaries, leading to their accumulation and the manifestation of environmental problems. There is a method for evaluating the state of nutrients in such areas from the amount of carbon fixed in individual living organisms in the vicinity. In recent years, there has been an environmental problem of excessive carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere due to human activities, and as some of this carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by seawater, there is a tendency for the carbonate ion concentration in seawater to increase. There is a technology that can predict the carbon concentration in the ocean from the amount of carbon fixed in individual organisms living in the ocean.

[0003] Under these circumstances, the carbon concentration in the environment is an important factor in investigating environmental problems in coastal areas, estuaries, etc. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that in order to investigate ocean acidification caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, the amount of carbon fixed in shells was investigated and that most of the carbon fixed in shells originates from inorganic carbon dissolved in seawater. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] NISHIDA, Kozue, et al. Novel reverse radioisotope labeling experiment reveals carbon assimilation of marine calcifiers under ocean acidification conditions. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2020, 11.6: 739-750.DOI: 10.1111 / 2041-210X.13396. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] According to Non-Patent Document 1, calcium carbonate, the main component of mollusk shells, originates mainly from seawater. Therefore, even if there is a technique for measuring the amount of carbon fixed in mollusk shells, there is no established technique for estimating the amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment of a mollusk, such as its diet, from the amount of carbon fixed in the mollusk shells.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a technique for estimating the origin of the amount of carbon fixed in mollusk shells. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One aspect of the present disclosure is a method for estimating the origin of an amount of carbon fixed in a mollusk shell, comprising: performing elemental analysis of the shell to measure the C and Ca contents; and estimating, from the C and Ca contents, an amount of carbon with C≦Ca, in molar ratio, as the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate, and estimating an amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment, from the amount of carbon with C>Ca.

[0008] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for generating a database, comprising: measuring an individual measurement value (X) of a shell collected from a mollusk; performing elemental analysis of the shell to measure the C and Ca contents; estimating, in molar ratio, an amount of carbon where C≦Ca is the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate from the C and Ca contents; estimating an amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment (Y) from the amount of carbon where C>Ca; and generating a database using the individual measurement value (X) of the shell and the amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment (Y).

[0009] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for estimating the origin of an amount of carbon fixed in a shell of a mollusc, comprising: measuring an individual measurement value (X) of the shell; and estimating the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell using the database described in claim 3 or 4.

[0010] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for estimating a habitat of a shell-bearing mollusc, comprising: measuring an individual measurement value (X) of the shell; and estimating the habitat of the mollusc from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell using a database according to claim 3 or 4.

[0011] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is an estimation device comprising a first acquisition unit that acquires individual measurement values ​​(X) of a shell recovered from a mollusk, a second acquisition unit that acquires C and Ca content values ​​measured by elemental analysis of the shell, a calculation unit that estimates, in molar ratio, an amount of carbon where C≦Ca is the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate from the C and Ca content values, and estimates an amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment from the amount of carbon where C>Ca, and a database generation unit that generates a database using the individual measurement values ​​(X) and the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment, wherein the calculation unit uses the database to estimate the growth environment of the mollusk from the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shell. Effect of the Invention

[0012] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a technique for estimating the origin of the amount of carbon fixed in shells secreted by mollusks. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system according to an example of an embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating an estimation device according to an example of the embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a database according to an example of the embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a database according to an example of the embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a database according to an example of the embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a database according to an example of the embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an estimation method according to an example of the embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an estimation method according to an example of the embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an estimation method according to an example of the embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a processing unit according to an example of the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below are examples of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments. Note that components with the same reference numerals in this specification and drawings indicate the same components.

[0015] <Estimation device> An example of the system of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 1. This system includes a rearing apparatus 1, a shell recovery apparatus 2, a shell measurement apparatus 3, an elemental analysis apparatus 4, and an estimation apparatus 5.

[0016] The breeding device 1 provides an environment for breeding mollusks, and includes, for example, an aquarium and a feeder for food. The shell recovery device 2 comprises a unit for removing the soft tissue from the mollusks and, optionally, a washing unit, which may be carried out automatically by a machine. The shell measuring device 3 is a device that measures shells. Specifically, the shell measuring device 3 may measure individual measurement values ​​(Y) of the shell. For example, the shell measuring device 3 may measure the dimensions of the shell in a contact manner using a mechanical tool, or may measure the dimensions of the shell in a non-contact manner using a laser or the like. The shell measuring device 3 may also measure the mass and volume of the shell. The shell measuring device 3 may calculate the specific gravity from the mass and volume of the shell. The shell measuring device 3 may be a device that combines these. The elemental analysis device 4 may be, for example, a device described later. A process of preparing a sample for elemental analysis may be provided before the elemental analysis device 4. For example, the sample may be prepared by crushing the shells into powder. Although only a schematic diagram is shown between the rearing apparatus 1, the shell collecting apparatus 2, the shell measuring apparatus 3, the elemental analysis apparatus 4, and the estimation apparatus 5, it is preferable that a shell transport means, a data transmission / reception means, etc. are interposed between them, so that the transport of items and the transmission / reception of data are possible. For example, each of the apparatuses 1 to 5 may have a communication unit for transmitting and receiving data, and the shell measuring apparatus 3 may transmit the measured individual measurement value (Y) of the shell to the estimation apparatus (5). In addition, the carbon amount (Z) contained in the diet calculated by the rearing apparatus 1 may be transmitted to the estimation apparatus 5.

[0017] FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing an example of the estimation device 5. As shown in FIG. The estimation device 5 includes a first acquisition unit 51, a second acquisition unit 52, a third acquisition unit 53, a database generation unit 54, a calculation unit 55, and a storage unit 56 that records a database (DB).

[0018] The first acquisition unit 51 acquires the individual measurement value (X) of the shell collected from the mollusc, for example, from the shell measuring device 3. The individual measurement value (X) of the shell may be measured by the shell measuring device 3 and transmitted to the estimation device 5. The second acquisition unit 52 acquires the C and Ca content values ​​measured by performing elemental analysis of the shell from, for example, the elemental analysis device 4. The C and Ca content values ​​may be measured by the elemental analysis device 4 and transmitted to the estimation device 5. The third acquisition unit 53 acquires the amount of carbon (Z) contained in the diet provided in the breeding of the shell-having mollusk, for example, from the breeding device 1. The amount of carbon (Z) contained in the diet may be data on the diet provided by the breeding device 1. The data on the diet may be the amount of diet or the amount of carbon in the diet. The data on the diet may be transmitted from the breeding device 1 to the estimation device 5.

[0019] The calculation unit 55 estimates, in terms of molar ratio, the amount of carbon fixed that is C≦Ca from the content values ​​of C and Ca as the amount of carbon fixed that is derived from calcium carbonate, and estimates the amount of carbon fixed (Y) that is derived from the growth environment from the amount of carbon fixed that is C>Ca. Details will be described later.

[0020] The database generation unit 54 generates a database using the individual shell measurement values ​​(X) and the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment (Y). An example of the database here is shown in Fig. 3. The database may be provided in the estimation device 5 or in a device separate from the estimation device 5.

[0021] The calculation unit 55 may estimate the growth environment of the mollusk from the individual shell measurement value (X) using a database. An example of the database here is shown in FIG. 4. The database may accumulate data using the results of two or more processes, as described below. In another embodiment, the calculation unit 55 may further estimate the amount of carbon fixation (Y) derived from the growth environment from the individual shell measurement value (X) using the database.

[0022] In the above-described estimation device 5, the third acquisition unit 53 is an optional component, but when the third acquisition unit 53 is provided, the database generation unit 54 may optionally generate a database using the individual measurement value (X), the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y), and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z). An example of the database here is shown in FIG. 5. In this case, the calculation unit 55 may use a database to estimate the growth environment of the mollusk from the individual shell measurement value (X). An example of the database here is shown in Fig. 6. In another embodiment, the calculation unit 55 may use the database to estimate the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y) and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z) using the individual shell measurement value (X).

[0023] <Estimation method> One embodiment of the estimation method describes a method for estimating the origin of the amount of carbon fixed in a mollusk shell, and includes performing elemental analysis of the shell to measure the C and Ca contents, and estimating, based on the C and Ca contents, that the amount of carbon fixed where C≦Ca is the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate, and estimating the amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment from the amount of carbon fixed where C>Ca, in molar ratio.

[0024] Examples of mollusks include Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, and Scaphopoda. In particular, the estimation method of one embodiment is suitable for the classes Polyplacophora and Bivalvia. Examples of the class Bivalvia include the subclass Bivalvia, Onchidium, and Scaphopoda. Examples of the class Bivalvia include the subclass Jugularia, Incus, Mytilus, Triangularia, Clam, and Acanthurus. Examples of the class Bivalvia include the subclass Nutella, Incus, Mytilus, Triangularia, Clam, and Acanthurus. The mollusks may be marine mollusks, freshwater mollusks, terrestrial mollusks, and the like.

[0025] Shelled mollusks have soft tissues, such as the visceral pouch, mantle, and feet, and hard tissues, such as the shell. The shell is a hard tissue formed by the secretions of the mollusc and is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. In the prior art, the amount of carbon fixation in mollusks has been determined by elemental analysis of the soft and hard tissues.

[0026] Soft tissues fix carbon from the diet provided to the mollusc. One theory is that in marine mollusks, the shell fixes carbon from bicarbonate ions (2HCO3 - ) and calcium ions (Ca 2+) reacts to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the main component of the shell. See the formula below. Note that bicarbonate ions and calcium ions may each be taken in by mollusks from seawater or the like and secreted. Here, not all carbon in the shell is derived from seawater-derived carbon (bicarbonate ions), and the shell also contains carbon derived from the diet. The carbon derived from the diet may be derived from a diet containing protein, for example, and may be contained in the shell as protein or its decomposition products. (Formula)Ca 2+ +2HCO3 - =CaCO3+H2O+CO2

[0027] However, there is no established technology for estimating whether the amount of carbon fixed in a mollusk shell originates from the diet or from seawater, etc. For example, if it were possible to estimate the amount of carbon derived from the diet from the amount of carbon fixed in a mollusk shell, it would be possible to collect mollusks growing in a natural environment, calculate the amount of carbon circulation in that environment, and use this information to help investigate the food chain. Furthermore, if it were possible to estimate the amount of carbon derived from the diet in a mollusk shell, it would be possible to detect excess nutrients and investigate environmental pollution. Therefore, in the present disclosure, a technology for estimating the origin of the amount of carbon fixed in a shell has been found by focusing on comparing the C and Ca content values ​​in the shell of a mollusk.

[0028] In the present disclosure, the growth environment of a mollusc is a concept that includes both the rearing environment and the habitat. The rearing environment of a mollusc may include the amount of carbon contained in the diet, the total amount of the diet, the type of diet, the seawater, freshwater, gravel, seaweed, seaweed, aquatic plants, light, temperature, etc. of the rearing environment. The habitat of a mollusc may include, in the natural environment, the amount of carbon contained in the diet, the total amount of the diet, the type of diet, the seawater, freshwater, gravel, seaweed, seaweed, aquatic plants, hours of sunlight exposure, temperature, latitude, longitude, nutritional status, the amount of carbon derived from human activities, pollution status, etc.

[0029] First, the method for performing elemental analysis of the shell and measuring the C and Ca contents will be described. The shells provided for elemental analysis are shells collected from mollusks. The shells provided for elemental analysis are preferably shells from mollusks from which soft tissues such as the visceral sac, mantle, and feet have been removed, and optionally washed. The elemental analysis of the C and Ca content values ​​is described below.

[0030] Next, we explain how to estimate the amount of carbon fixed from calcium carbonate when the carbon content is C≦Ca based on the C and Ca content values, and how to estimate the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment based on the carbon content when C>Ca, in terms of molar ratio. In this method, the C content value is compared with the Ca content value, and optionally converted to a molar ratio, and the C atomic weight is compared with the Ca atomic weight in the molar ratio. In this case, the carbon amount of C≦Ca is estimated to be the amount of carbon fixed from calcium carbonate, and the carbon amount of C>Ca can be estimated to be the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment. In the shell, which is a secretory product of mollusks, the main component is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and therefore components derived from calcium carbonate exist in a molar ratio of C atomic weight to Ca atomic weight of 1:1. Since mollusks secrete and form their shells mainly using calcium ions contained in seawater, it can be said that the amount of carbon fixed from calcium carbonate is different from the amount of carbon fixed from food, etc. Therefore, it is presumed that the amount of carbon fixed other than the amount of carbon fixed from calcium carbonate is the amount of carbon fixed from food, etc. Furthermore, the increase or decrease in the amount of carbon fixed in the ratio C>Ca can be used to predict the amount of nutrients in the diet, etc. in the growth environment of the mollusk, and therefore it is also possible to estimate the growth environment of the mollusk.

[0031] An example of the estimation method will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in Fig. 7. In this flowchart, the element measurement device measures the content values ​​of N and P in addition to C and Ca in the elemental analysis of the shell (SM11), the estimation device estimates the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment (SM12), the estimation device estimates the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment from the content values ​​of C and Ca, and further, the estimation device may estimate that at least a part of the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment is derived from a diet containing at least one of protein and phosphate from the content values ​​of N and P (SM13). Since diet normally contains at least one of protein and phosphate, the amount of carbon fixed in the shell derived from the growth environment can be estimated, and by measuring the N and P contents, it can be estimated that the amount of carbon fixed other than the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate includes the amount of carbon fixed derived from diet.

[0032] In addition, if the N and P content values ​​are excessively high, there is a possibility that residues of visceral sacs, mantles, legs, etc. have occurred in the shell being measured. Therefore, it may be acceptable to set maximum values ​​for the N and P content values, and to determine that if these values ​​are exceeded, the accuracy of the estimation of the amount of carbon fixed from the diet will decrease.

[0033] From at least one of these viewpoints, the content values ​​of N and P may be 0.001 to 0.05, 0.005 to 0.01, or 0.008 to 0.01 as the total amount of N and P, in terms of a molar ratio, when the content value of C is 1; the content value of N may be 0.001 to 0.005, in terms of a molar ratio, when the content value of C is 1. The content value of P may be 0.0001 to 0.001, in terms of a molar ratio, when the content value of C is 1. These ranges are set as the upper and lower limits of both or one of N and P, and it is preferable to determine that the accuracy of the estimation result is high when it falls within these ranges.

[0034] An example of a method for measuring the content of C, N, P, and Ca in shells is described below. The content of each element is not limited to the following measurement method, and may be measured according to other conventional measurement methods. The sample to be measured may be shells crushed into powder. For example, the shells that have been cleaned and dried after removing soft tissue may be crushed in a mortar to prepare a sample. An industrially large-scale crushing device may be used.

[0035] The content of C is Dry Combustion Method It can be measured according to. The N content can be measured according to the Kjeldahl method. More specifically, it can be measured in accordance with 4.1.1.a of the Fertilizer Testing Method in the "Fertilizer Testing Method" established by the Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center on August 10, 2022. The P content can be measured according to ammonium vanadomolybdate spectrophotometry. More specifically, it can be measured in accordance with 4.2.1.a of the Fertilizer Testing Methods in the above "Fertilizer Testing Methods". The Ca content can be measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, more specifically, in accordance with 4.5.1.a of the Fertilizer Testing Methods in the above-mentioned "Fertilizer Testing Methods".

[0036] <How to generate a database> A method for generating a database according to another embodiment will be described below with reference to Fig. 8. The flowchart shown in Fig. 8 includes a shell measuring device measuring an individual measurement value (X) of a shell collected from a mollusc (SD11), an elemental analyzer performing elemental analysis of the shell and measuring the C and Ca content values ​​(SD12), an estimation device estimating, in molar ratio, the amount of carbon fixed when C≦Ca is the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate from the C and Ca content values, and estimating the amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment (Y) from the amount of carbon fixed when C>Ca (SD13), and generating a database using the individual measurement value (X) of the shell and the amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment (Y) by the estimation device (SD14).

[0037] Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the technical content is the same as the above estimation method, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.

[0038] First, we will explain the method for measuring the individual measurements (X) of shells recovered from mollusks. The individual shell measurement value (X) may be a physical property value that can be used as an index of the shell's growth level. For example, the individual shell measurement value (X) may be the mass and dimensions of the shell. The shell provided for measurement may be in a state in which soft tissues such as the visceral sac, mantle, and foot have been removed from the mollusc, and volatile components such as water have been sufficiently removed. The individual shell measurement value (X) may be the apparent density and specific gravity of the shell, etc., obtained from the mass of the shell and using the volume of the shell. The dimensions of the shell may be the major axis, minor axis, surface area, volume, etc.

[0039] The shells were subjected to elemental analysis to measure the C and Ca contents, and the process up to the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment was as described above.

[0040] Next, we explain how to create a database using the individual shell measurements (X) and the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment (Y). In the present disclosure, it has been found that there is a correlation between the individual shell measurement value (X) and the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment, and that by creating a database of data on the individual shell measurement value (X) and the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment for each individual mollusk, it is possible to estimate the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment from the individual shell measurement value (X). For this purpose, it is effective to use the above-mentioned database. By using this database, it becomes possible to estimate the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment without measuring the C and Ca contents by elemental analysis of the shell.

[0041] Optionally, the method for generating the database may include performing the process of measuring (SD11) the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shells recovered from the mollusks, performing elemental analysis of the shells, and measuring (SD13) the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment (Y) at least twice or more, and storing data on the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shells and the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment (Y) in the database. In this way, by accumulating data, the reliability of the database will increase, and the accuracy of estimation of the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y) will be improved.

[0042] Another example of a method for generating a database will be described with reference to Fig. 9. In addition to the flowchart shown in Fig. 8 described above, the flowchart shown in Fig. 9 may further include a step of raising a shell-having mollusk by the rearing device (SD21), a step of calculating the amount of carbon (Z) contained in the diet provided to the reared mollusk by the rearing device or the estimation device (SD22), and a step of collecting shells from the mollusk by the shell collecting device (SD23), and a step of generating a database by the estimation device using the individual shell measurement value (X), the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y), and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z) (SD26).

[0043] In the case of using a database generated using the individual shell measurement value (X), the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y), and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z), it is possible to correct the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y) estimated from the individual shell measurement value (X) using the amount of carbon actually contained in the diet provided (Z). Therefore, the accuracy of the estimation of the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y) can be improved. In addition, by using the correlation between the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y) and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z), it may be possible to estimate even the type of diet provided to the mollusk from the individual shell measurement value (X). For example, by collecting an individual living in a natural environment, it is possible to understand the dietary condition of the environment in which the individual lives from the individual shell measurement value (X), and this can be put to practical use for understanding the carbon circulation amount of the environment, understanding the food chain, etc. In addition, by investigating individuals living in various places over a wide area, it is possible to understand carbon credits. Thus, there was no previous knowledge of how to estimate the growth environment of mollusks and predict the pollution status of the growth environment, food chain, etc. from the amount of carbon fixed in the shells of mollusks.

[0044] First, a method for rearing shelled mollusks will be described. The method for rearing mollusks is not particularly limited, and may be carried out according to a conventional method, for example, by leaving the mollusks in an environment such as seawater and providing them with food at appropriate intervals.

[0045] Next, a method for calculating the amount of carbon (Z) contained in the diet provided to reared shelled mollusks will be described. The carbon content of the diet provided to the individual mollusc during the rearing period of the mollusc is calculated. The calculation method is not particularly limited. The diet with a known carbon content may be provided to the mollusc, and the carbon content may be calculated from the total amount of the diet provided to the mollusc throughout the rearing period. The rearing period is not particularly limited, but may be the period from the hatching of the mollusc's eggs to the cessation of growth. The state in which growth stops is a state in which the size of the mollusc's individual body decreases with respect to the increase in the growth period. Alternatively, the rearing period may be any period from about one month to about five years after the mollusc becomes an adult.

[0046] The method for recovering shells from mollusks is as described above.

[0047] In addition, the method for generating a database may include raising shell-bearing mollusks, calculating the amount of carbon (Z) contained in the diet provided to the raised mollusks, and recovering the shells from the mollusks, and may also include carrying out the processes from raising the shell-bearing mollusks to measuring the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shells recovered from the shell-bearing mollusks, performing elemental analysis of the shells, and measuring the C and Ca content values ​​at least twice, and accumulating data on the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shells, the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y), and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z) in the database.

[0048] <Other embodiments of the estimation method> Hereinafter, an estimation method according to another embodiment will be described, which will describe a method for estimating the origin of the amount of carbon fixed in a mollusc shell, and includes measuring an individual measurement value (X) of the shell, and estimating the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell using the database of the above embodiment. The database may be one generated by SD14 or SD16.

[0049] This estimation method uses a database to estimate the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growing environment from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell. In this case, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to perform elemental analysis of the shell to measure the C and Ca contents. In addition, by using the databases of the above-mentioned embodiments, it is possible to improve the accuracy of estimating the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell. The details are as described above.

[0050] A further embodiment of the estimation method describes a method for estimating the habitat of a shelled mollusc, and may include measuring (SM41) individual shell measurements (X) and estimating (SM42) the habitat of the mollusc from the individual shell measurements (X) using the database of the above embodiment. The database may be one generated by SD14 or SD16.

[0051] According to this estimation method, by using a database, it is possible to estimate the habitat of mollusks from the individual shell measurements (X). In this case, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to perform elemental analysis of the shell to measure the C and Ca contents. In addition, by using the database of some of the above-mentioned embodiments, it is possible to improve the accuracy of estimating the habitat of the mollusk from the individual shell measurement value (X). The details are as described above.

[0052] The estimation device described above includes a first acquisition unit that acquires individual measurement values ​​(X) of shells collected from mollusks, a second acquisition unit that acquires the C and Ca content values ​​measured by elemental analysis of the shells, and The system includes a calculation unit that estimates, in molar ratio, the amount of carbon fixed where C≦Ca from the C and Ca content values ​​as the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate, and estimates the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment from the amount of carbon fixed where C>Ca, and a database generation unit that generates a database using the individual measurement value (X) and the amount of carbon fixed (Y) derived from the growth environment, and the calculation unit estimates the growth environment of the mollusk from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell using the database.

[0053] This estimation device can be used to realize the estimation method described above. With this estimation device, the growth environment of a mollusk can be estimated from an individual measurement value (X) of the shell of the mollusk.

[0054] Optionally, the estimation device may include a third acquisition unit that acquires the amount of carbon (Z) contained in the diet provided to the shell-having mollusk when it is raised, the database generation unit generates a database using the individual measurement value (X), the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y), and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z), and the calculation unit may include using the database to estimate the growth environment of the mollusk from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell. EXAMPLES

[0055] Illustrative examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0056] A long-term rearing test was conducted with clams. Ten individuals were reared in an aquarium with 1L of rearing sand and 5L of water from August 19, 2022 to November 1, 2022. No filter was installed, only aeration was performed, and feeding was performed twice a day at a concentration of 2.5mg / L. The water temperature was not adjusted and the temperature was maintained at room temperature. After the rearing period, the individuals were removed, and soft tissues such as the visceral sac, mantle, and feet were removed from the individuals, washed, dried with hot air, and powdered in a mortar. The carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium contents of the obtained powdered samples were measured. The carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium contents were measured using the dry combustion method, Fertilizer Test Method 4.1.1.a, Fertilizer Test Method 4.2.1.a, and Fertilizer Test Method 4.5.1.a, respectively.

[0057] [Table 1]

[0058] As shown in the table, the carbon fixation amount of the clam shell has a high C and Ca content, and it is estimated that the C content in the range of C>Ca is carbon derived from the clam's diet. Using this estimation method, the above-mentioned database and estimation device can be realized.

[0059] The above-described estimation device 5 may use, for example, a general-purpose computer system as shown in Fig. 10. The illustrated computer system includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit, processor) 901, a memory 902, a storage 903 (HDD: Hard Disk Drive, SSD: Solid State Drive), a communication device 904, an input device 905, and an output device 906. The memory 902 and the storage 903 are storage devices. In this computer system, the CPU 901 executes a predetermined program loaded on the memory 902, thereby realizing the functions of the estimation device 5. The estimation device 5 may be implemented in one computer, or in multiple computers. The estimation device 5 may also be a virtual machine implemented in a computer. The program of the estimation device 5 may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium such as a HDD, an SSD, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory, a Compact Disc (CD), or a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), or may be distributed via a network. The computer-readable recording medium is, for example, a non-transitory recording medium. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0060] 1: Rearing device 2: Shell collection device 3: Shell measuring device 4: Elemental analyzer 5: Estimation device 51: First acquisition section 52: Second acquisition section 53: Third Acquisition Section 54: Database generation section 55: Calculation section 56: Storage section

Claims

1. A method for estimating the origin of carbon fixation in a mollusc shell, comprising the steps of: Conducting elemental analysis of the shell to determine the C and Ca content; and from the C and Ca content values, an amount of carbon with C≦Ca, in molar ratio, is estimated to be an amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate, and from an amount of carbon with C>Ca, an amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment is estimated.

2. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising measuring N and P content values ​​in the elemental analysis of the shell, and estimating from the N and P content values ​​that at least a portion of the carbon fixation amount derived from the growth environment is derived from a diet containing at least one of protein and phosphate.

3. measuring individual measurements (X) of shells recovered from the mollusc; performing elemental analysis of the shell to measure the C and Ca contents; From the C and Ca content values, the amount of carbon with C≦Ca is estimated as the amount of carbon fixed derived from calcium carbonate, and from the amount of carbon with C>Ca, the amount of carbon fixed derived from the growth environment (Y) is estimated; and A method for generating a database using the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shell and the amount of carbon fixation (Y) from the growth environment.

4. Raising shelled mollusks; Calculating the amount of carbon (Z) contained in the diet provided for rearing the mollusc; and and further comprising recovering shells from said mollusks. The method of claim 3, wherein the database is generated using individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shell, the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y), and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z).

5. A method for estimating the origin of carbon fixation in a mollusc shell, comprising the steps of: Measuring individual measurements (X) of the shell; 5. A method for estimating an amount of carbon fixation (Y) derived from the growth environment from an individual measurement value (X) of the shell, using the database according to claim 3 or 4.

6. A method for estimating the habitat of a shelled mollusc, comprising the steps of: Measuring individual measurements (X) of the shell; 5. A method for estimating the habitat of the mollusk from the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shell, using the database according to claim 3 or 4.

7. A first acquisition unit that acquires individual measurement values ​​(X) of shells collected from mollusks; A second acquisition unit that acquires the C and Ca content values ​​measured by performing elemental analysis of the shell; a calculation unit for estimating, in terms of a molar ratio, the amount of carbon fixed by calcium carbonate when C≦Ca is found based on the C and Ca content values, and estimating the amount of carbon fixed by the growing environment (Y) based on the amount of carbon fixed by calcium carbonate when C>Ca is found; A database generating unit that generates a database using the individual measurement value (X) and the amount of carbon fixation derived from the growth environment (Y), The calculation unit uses the database to estimate the growth environment of the mollusk from the individual measurement values ​​(X) of the shell.

8. A third acquisition unit is provided for acquiring a carbon amount (Z) contained in a diet provided for breeding a shelled mollusc; the database generation unit generates a database using the individual measurement value (X), the amount of carbon fixed from the growth environment (Y), and the amount of carbon contained in the diet (Z); The estimation device according to claim 7 , wherein the calculation unit estimates the growth environment of the mollusk from the individual measurement value (X) of the shell using the database.

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