Component separation recovery apparatus and component separation recovery method

Abstract

To separate a specific component in gas at a high concentration and a high recovery rate.SOLUTION: A component separation recovery apparatus is equipped with: a plurality of fixed beds including an adsorbent for adsorbing a specific component in gas and a vessel filled with the adsorbent; a liquefaction storage tank in which the specific component is stored in a liquefied state; a purge tank in which a part of the specific component in the liquefaction storage tank is stored; and a compressor provided at a subsequent stage of the purge tank.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a component separation and recovery device and a component separation and recovery method. [Background technology]

[0002] There is an increasing need for a technology for separating specific components from gas. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a system for separating CO2 from gas using a solid adsorbent. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2019-69417 A [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2021-35654 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In a technology for separating a specific component from a gas, when attempting to separate the specific component from the gas with a high recovery rate, a problem occurs in that components other than the specific component are mixed in, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of the specific component. Therefore, it is required to separate the specific component from the gas with a high concentration and a high recovery rate.

[0005] An object of the present embodiment is to provide a component separation and recovery device capable of separating a specific component in a gas at a high concentration and with a high recovery rate. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One aspect of the component separation and recovery device in this embodiment is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fixed beds including an adsorbent that adsorbs a specific component in a gas and a container in which the adsorbent is filled, a liquefaction storage tank in which the specific component is stored in a liquid phase, a purge tank in which a portion of the specific component in the liquefaction storage tank is stored, and a compressor provided downstream of the purge tank.

[0007] A component separation and recovery method which performs in parallel an adsorption process for adsorbing specific components in a gas using an adsorbent filled in a container in a plurality of fixed beds, and a desorption process for desorbing the specific components from the adsorbent to which the specific components have been adsorbed, characterized in that the period during which the adsorption process is performed and the period during which the desorption process is performed overlap at least partially. Effect of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, a specific component in a gas can be separated at a high concentration and with a high recovery rate. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a component separation and recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a component separation and recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the adsorption state during the adsorption process. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the adsorption state of the adsorbent during the adsorption process. [Diagram 5] 4 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and pressure over time of components constituting the component separation and recovery device. [Figure 6A] 1 is a flowchart (part 1) showing an example of a component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device. [Figure 6B] 4 is a flowchart (part 2) showing an example of a component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device. [Figure 6C]4 is a flowchart (part 3) showing an example of a component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device. [Figure 6D] 4 is a flowchart (part 4) showing an example of a component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figs. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams showing an example of a component separation and recovery device according to this embodiment. The component separation and recovery device according to this embodiment is a device intended to separate specific components from gas discharged from a plant such as a thermal power plant or a chemical industrial plant (factory). In this embodiment, a device for separating CO2 (carbon dioxide) is considered as the specific component. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the component separation and recovery device according to this embodiment can be applied to a process for separating specific components from gas discharged from an engine used as a combustor in a ship or gas discharged from a waste incineration facility.

[0011] As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 according to this embodiment includes a first fixed bed 10, a second fixed bed 20, a liquefied storage tank 30, a purge tank 40, a compressor 50, a temperature sensor 60, a pressure gauge 70, pipes 71a to 71m, and valves 72a to 72m, and a control unit 80. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, only two fixed beds, the first fixed bed 10 and the second fixed bed 20 (hereinafter, simply referred to as "fixed beds" unless otherwise specified), are shown, but this is not limited thereto. The number of fixed beds may be two or more, and the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 may be provided with a plurality of fixed beds. The valves 72a to 72m are opened and closed based on the control of the control unit 80.

[0012] The first fixed bed 10 includes an adsorbent 11 and a container 12. The adsorbent 11 is packed in the container 12. The adsorbent 11 packed in the container 12 of the first fixed bed 10 adsorbs a specific component from the gas that has flowed into the container 12. In this embodiment, the adsorbent 11 adsorbs CO2 as the specific component. In this embodiment, adsorption includes the concept of absorption. Therefore, the adsorbent 11 includes a material such as an absorbent that absorbs a specific component. In this embodiment, the adsorbent 11 adsorbs CO2 as the specific component, but this is not limited thereto. For example, it is sufficient if the adsorbent can adsorb a useful component or an unnecessary component contained in a gas as the specific component. For example, the adsorbent 11 can adsorb SO as the specific component. X , NO X , CO, etc. may be adsorbed.

[0013] The second fixed bed 20 includes an adsorbent 21 and a container 22. The adsorbent 21 is packed in the container 22. The adsorbent 21 packed in the container 22 of the second fixed bed 20 adsorbs a specific component from the gas that has flowed into the container 22. In this embodiment, the adsorbent 21 adsorbs CO2 as the specific component. In this embodiment, adsorption includes the concept of absorption. Therefore, the adsorbent 21 includes a material such as an absorbent that absorbs a specific component. In this embodiment, the adsorbent 21 adsorbs CO2 as the specific component, but this is not limited thereto. For example, it is sufficient if the adsorbent can adsorb a useful component or an unnecessary component contained in the gas as the specific component. For example, the adsorbent 21 can adsorb SO as the specific component. X , NO X , CO, etc. may be adsorbed.

[0014] The pipe 71a connects the exhaust gas supply source 81 and the first fixed layer 10. The valve 72a is disposed in the pipe 71a. The pipe 71b connects the first fixed layer 10 and the outside world 82. The valve 72b is disposed in the pipe 71b. The pipe 71c connects the exhaust gas supply source 81 and the second fixed layer 20. The valve 72c is disposed in the pipe 71c. The pipe 71d connects the second fixed layer 20 and the outside world 82. The valve 72d is disposed in the pipe 71d.

[0015] The pipe 71e connects the first fixed layer 10 and the regenerative heat source 83. For example, engine exhaust heat can be used as the regenerative heat source. When engine exhaust heat is used, the temperature may be increased by heat exchange in a heat exchanger. This reduces the power cost. The valve 72e is disposed in the pipe 71e. The pipe 71f connects the second fixed layer 20 and the regenerative heat source 83. The valve 72f is disposed in the pipe 71f. The pipe 71g connects the first fixed layer 10 and the compressor 50. The valve 72g is disposed in the pipe 71g. The pipe 71h connects the second fixed layer 20 and the compressor 50. The valve 72h is disposed in the pipe 71h.

[0016] Pipe 71i connects the first fixed layer 10 and the liquefaction storage tank 30. Valve 72i is disposed on the first fixed layer 10 side of pipe 71i. Pipe 71j connects the second fixed layer 20 and the liquefaction storage tank 30. Valve 72j is disposed on the second fixed layer 20 side of pipe 71j. In other words, the liquefaction storage tank 30 is provided after the first fixed layer 10 and the second fixed layer 20.

[0017] A pipe 71k connects the liquefaction storage tank 30 and the purge tank 40. A valve 72k is disposed in the pipe 71k. That is, the purge tank 40 is provided in the rear stage of the liquefaction storage tank 30. A pressure gauge 70 is connected to the purge tank 40.

[0018] The pipe 71l connects the purge tank 40 and the compressor 50. The valve 72l is disposed in the pipe 71l. That is, the compressor 50 is provided in the rear stage of the purge tank 40. The valve 72m is disposed in the front stage of the liquefied storage tank 30. The temperature sensor 60 is provided between the compressor 50 and the first fixed layer 10 and the second fixed layer 20. That is, the temperature sensor 60 is provided in the rear stage of the purge tank 40 and the compressor 50. The temperature sensor 60 measures the temperature of the CO2 compressed by the compressor 50 that flows into the first fixed layer 10 and the second fixed layer 20 during the purge process, and outputs the temperature to the control unit 80.

[0019] The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 of this embodiment can separate a specific component, CO2, from a gas by repeatedly adsorbing and desorbing the specific component through temperature swing adsorption (TSA) using the first fixed bed 10 and the second fixed bed 20.

[0020] Referring to FIG. 1, the process (hereinafter also referred to as the "first process") of adsorbing CO2 in the first fixed layer 10 (hereinafter also referred to as the "adsorption process") and desorbing CO2 in the second fixed layer 20 (hereinafter also referred to as the "desorption process") will be described.

[0021] In the first step, the control unit 80 opens the valves 72a and 72b and closes the valves 72i, 72e, 72g, 72c, and 72d, so that the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas supply source 81 flows into the first fixed bed 10 through the pipe 71b. The CO2 contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent 11 filled in the container 12. The adsorption of CO2 by the adsorbent 11 continues until the recovery rate approaches 100%. The remaining components other than CO2 are then discharged from the first fixed bed 10 to the outside 82 through the pipe 71a. This allows the CO2 adsorption step to be performed in the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower.

[0022] Next, the control unit 80 closes the valves 72m and 72l and opens the valve 72k, thereby allowing a portion of the CO2 in a liquid phase state (hereinafter referred to as the "liquid phase state") stored in the liquefaction storage tank 30 to flow into the purge tank 40, thereby preparing for the purge process. The CO2 that flows into the purge tank 40 is stored in a gas phase state (hereinafter referred to as the "gas phase state").

[0023] Next, the control unit 80 closes the valve 72k, opens the valve 72l, and turns on the compressor 50, thereby increasing the pressure of the gas-phase CO2 that has flowed from the purge tank 40 into the compressor 50 by the compressor 50, thereby increasing the temperature. In this case, the control unit 80 determines whether the purge gas temperature of CO2 measured by the temperature sensor 60 is equal to or higher than the temperature T パージThe compressor 50 is controlled to increase the pressure until the temperature of the purge gas of CO2 measured by the temperature sensor 60 reaches the temperature T パージ If this occurs, the compressor 50 is controlled to maintain the pressure.

[0024] Next, the control unit 80 closes the valve 72b and opens the valve 72g, thereby causing the CO2 pressurized by the compressor 50 to flow into the first fixed bed 10, and a purge step is performed on the first fixed bed 10.

[0025] Next, the control unit 80 determines whether the purge time is t パージ After the purge step is performed on the first fixed bed 10 until the above-mentioned state is reached, the valve 72a is closed. Next, the control unit 80 closes the valves 72g and 72l and turns off the compressor 50 to terminate the purge step and the adsorption step.

[0026] In the first step, the control unit 80 opens the valves 72f, 72j, and 72m and closes the valves 72c, 72d, and 72h, so that the heated steam supplied from the regeneration heat source 83 flows into the second fixed bed 20 through the pipe 71f. The CO2 adsorbed in the adsorbent 21 filled in the container 22 is desorbed by the heated steam. The desorbed CO2 is then sent to the liquefied storage tank 30 through the pipe 71j. This allows the desorption step of CO2 to be performed in the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption tower.

[0027] Next, a process (hereinafter also referred to as the "second process") of adsorbing CO2 in second fixed layer 20 (adsorption process) and desorbing CO2 in first fixed layer 10 (desorption process) will be described.

[0028] In the second step, the control unit 80 opens the valves 72c and 72d and closes the valves 72j, 72h, 72f, 72a, and 72b, so that the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas supply source 81 flows into the second fixed bed 20 through the pipe 71d. The CO2 contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent 21 filled in the container 22. The adsorption of CO2 by the adsorbent 21 continues until the recovery rate approaches 100%. The remaining components other than CO2 are then discharged from the second fixed bed 20 to the outside 82 through the pipe 71c. This allows the CO2 adsorption step to be performed in the second fixed bed 20 functioning as an adsorption tower.

[0029] Next, the control unit 80 closes the valves 72m and 72l and opens the valve 72k, thereby allowing a portion of the CO2 in liquid phase stored in the liquefied storage tank 30 to flow into the purge tank 40, thereby preparing for the purge process. The CO2 that flows into the purge tank 40 is stored in a gas phase state.

[0030] Next, the control unit 80 closes the valve 72k, opens the valve 72l, and turns on the compressor 50, thereby increasing (compressing) the pressure of the gaseous CO2 that has flowed from the purge tank 40 into the compressor 50, thereby raising the temperature. In this case, the control unit 80 determines whether the purge gas temperature of CO2 measured by the temperature sensor 60 is equal to or higher than the temperature T パージ The compressor 50 is controlled to increase the pressure until the temperature of the purge gas of CO2 measured by the temperature sensor 60 reaches the temperature T パージ If this occurs, the compressor 50 is controlled to maintain the pressure.

[0031] Next, the control unit 80 closes the valve 72d and opens the valve 72h, thereby causing the CO2 that has been pressurized and heated by the compressor 50 to flow into the second fixed bed 20, and a purge step is performed on the second fixed bed 20.

[0032] Next, the control unit 80 determines whether the purge time is t パージAfter the purge step is performed on the second fixed bed 20 until the above-mentioned state is reached, the valve 72c is closed. Next, the control unit 80 closes the valves 72h and 72l, and turns off the compressor 50 to terminate the purge step and the adsorption step.

[0033] In the second step, the control unit 80 opens the valves 72e, 72i, and 72m and closes the valves 72a, 72b, and 72g, so that the heated steam supplied from the regeneration heat source 83 flows into the first fixed bed 10 through the pipe 71e. The CO2 adsorbed in the adsorbent 11 filled in the container 12 is desorbed by the heated steam. The desorbed CO2 is then sent to the liquefied storage tank 30 through the pipe 71i. This allows the CO2 desorption step to be performed in the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption tower.

[0034] By the first and second steps, CO2 is sent from the first or second fixed bed 10 or 20 to the liquefaction storage tank 30. The liquefaction storage tank 30 stores the specific components such as CO2 sent from the first or second fixed bed 10 or 20 in a liquid phase (hereinafter also referred to as "liquefaction storage"). As a liquefaction means for the specific components, a compression means (such as a compressor) for applying pressure to liquefy CO2 may be provided downstream of the valves 72i and 72j and upstream of the valve 72m. In addition, a cooling means for liquefying CO2 may be provided downstream of the valves 72i and 72j and upstream of the valve 72m. The cooling means may be a refrigerator for cooling CO2, or a cooling means for heat exchange with cooling water such as seawater or fresh water. This allows the volume of the specific components to be reduced and stored in large quantities. As a result, it is possible to save space when configuring the component separation and recovery device 1.

[0035] When the CO2 stored in the liquefied storage tank 30 is to be supplied to the purge tank 40, the valve 72k is opened. As a result, the CO2 stored in the liquid phase in the liquefied storage tank 30 is supplied to the purge tank 40 through the pipe 71k.

[0036] The purge tank 40 stores a part of the CO2 in a gas phase. The pressure of the CO2 stored in the purge tank 40 is measured by a pressure gauge 70 and output to the control unit 80. The pressure in the purge tank 40 can be adjusted based on a valve 72k provided in the front stage and a valve 72l provided in the rear stage. The gas with a high concentration of the specific component stored in the purge tank 40 is compressed by a compressor 50 and flowed to the first fixed bed 10 or the second fixed bed 20 during the adsorption process, thereby flowing the components other than the specific component remaining in the first fixed bed 10 and the second fixed bed 20, thereby discharging (hereinafter also referred to as "purging") the components other than the specific component. The specific component CO2 is stored in the purge tank 40 at the pressure of the gas required for purging (hereinafter also referred to as "purge gas pressure").

[0037] The control unit 80 senses the CO2 used for purging (hereinafter also referred to as "purge gas") based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 60. The compressor 50 compresses and heats the purge gas stored in the purge tank 40 until the temperature becomes suitable for desorption. In addition, this purge gas is a part of the CO2 stored in the liquefied storage tank 30 stored in a gas phase (gaseous state).

[0038] The method for calculating the minimum compression ratio of CO2 used for purging will be described below. The minimum compression ratio of CO2 is calculated by the following formulas (1) and (2). Minimum compression amount of CO2 [kg] = Amount of CO2 used for purging [kg] ··· Equation (1) Amount of CO used for purging [kg] = (amount of unreacted adsorbent 11 in adsorption zone Z1 [kg] / CO adsorption rate (mass ratio) of adsorbent 11) + (volume [m 3 ]-Volume of total adsorbent 11 [m 3 ])×CO2 density [kg / m 3 ])...Equation (2)

[0039] In the above formula (2), "the volume [m 3 ]-Volume of total adsorbent 11 [m 34. The space Z3 is defined by a region within the volume of the container 12 constituting the first fixed bed 10 that is not filled with the adsorbent 11.

[0040] The amount of purge gas calculated by the above formulas (1) and (2) is compressed by the compressor 50, and the purge gas temperature is calculated as follows: パージ When this occurs, compression by the compressor 50 is stopped. Note that the purge gas temperature refers to the temperature of the purge gas compressed by the compressor 50.

[0041] The regeneration temperature T 再生 , any purge gas temperature T パージ , and the desorption temperature T 脱離 are set so that the following formula (3) holds. The regeneration temperature T of the adsorbent 11 再生 ≦Any purge gas temperature T パージ ≦Desorption temperature T of the adsorbent 11 脱離 ...Equation (3)

[0042] As described above, the purge tank 40 is provided separately from the liquefied storage tank 30. The control unit 80 closes the valves 72m and 72l and opens the valve 72k to allow a portion of the CO2 stored in the liquefied storage tank 30 to flow into the purge tank 40, thereby storing the CO2 in a gaseous state in the purge tank 40. By storing the CO2 in a gaseous state in the purge tank 40, the gaseous CO2 stored in the purge tank 40 can be acclimatized to the ambient temperature. Thereafter, the control unit 80 closes the valve 72k, opens the valve 72l, and turns on the compressor 50 to increase the pressure of the gaseous CO2 that has flowed from the purge tank 40 to the compressor 50, thereby increasing the temperature. In this way, by acclimatizing the CO2 in the purge tank 40 to the ambient temperature in advance, the energy required to increase the temperature of the CO2 can be reduced, and the compression load for purging can be reduced. In the above embodiment, the gas used for purging is stored in a gas phase in the purge tank 40, but this is not limited to the above. It is also possible to pressurize only the required amount of CO2 from the liquefied storage tank 30, which stores CO2 in a liquid phase. In this case, the configuration of the purge tank 40 is not required, so costs can be reduced. However, compared to the case where the CO2 is allowed to acclimate to the ambient temperature in the purge tank 40, extra energy is required. The ambient temperature is, for example, the outside air temperature or the room temperature in a building such as a factory. "Acclimating to the ambient temperature" means that the temperature of the CO2 in the purge tank 40 is within a range of ±10°C compared to the outside air temperature or the room temperature in a building such as a factory.

[0043] The amount of CO2 sent from the liquefied storage tank 30 to the purge tank 40 is the amount of CO2 used for purging that is kept waiting in the purge tank 40. The amount of CO2 used for purging can be set to the sum of the following (1) and (2). (1) Equivalent to the amount of CO2 that can be adsorbed in adsorption zone Z1 (2) A volume equivalent to the spatial volume (such as voids) other than the adsorbent-installed portion in the first fixed bed 10 or the second fixed bed 20

[0044] The state of the adsorbent 11 used in the first fixed layer 10 will be described below with reference to Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the elapsed time during the adsorption process and the adsorption state. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the adsorption state of the adsorbent during the adsorption process. Figs. 3 and 4 will explain the adsorbent 11 used in the first fixed layer 10. The adsorbent 21 used in the second fixed layer 20 is similar to the adsorbent 11 used in the first fixed layer 10, so its description will be omitted with reference to Figs. 3 and 4.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 3, in the adsorption step, CO2 contained in the exhaust gas supplied from an exhaust gas supply source 81 is supplied so as to come into contact with the adsorbent 11 packed in a container 12 of the first fixed bed .

[0046] As time passes, the target CO2 is adsorbed by the adsorbent 11, and the elapsed time t a As shown in FIG. 1, an area having a concentration distribution of adsorption called an adsorption zone Z1 is generated in the adsorbent 11. a Since the adsorption band Z1 of CO2 in the adsorption material 11 is sufficiently smaller than the thickness Z0 of the adsorbent 11, the specific component can still be sufficiently adsorbed.

[0047] As time passes, the target CO2 is adsorbed into the adsorbent 11, and an area called the saturation zone Z2 is generated in the adsorbent 11. The area of ​​the saturation zone Z2 is an area where the adsorption of CO2 is saturated and no more CO2 can be adsorbed. As the saturation zone Z2 is generated, b The CO2 adsorption zone Z1 at the outlet is shifted toward the outlet by the formation of the saturation zone Z2. b The thickness of the CO2 adsorption zone Z1 at the time t a Since the thickness of the adsorption zone Z1 at the time of the precipitation is approximately the same as that at the time of the precipitation, the specific component can still be sufficiently adsorbed.

[0048] As time passes, the target CO2 is adsorbed into the adsorbent 11, the thickness of the saturation zone Z2 increases, and the entire thickness of the adsorbent 11 is saturated with CO2 by the elapsed time t cWhen the area of ​​the saturation zone Z2 and the area of ​​the adsorption zone Z1 are occupied by each other, the adsorption zone Z1 cannot sufficiently adsorb the specific component CO2, and the specific component CO2 is allowed to pass through. c The time is called the breakthrough time. If you try to adsorb CO2 beyond the breakthrough time, the elapsed time t d As described above, the target specific component CO2 flows out of the first fixed layer 10, resulting in a problem of a decrease in the recovery rate of the specific component. On the other hand, if the CO2 recovery rate is set to 100%, gases other than CO2 remain in the first fixed layer 10, and gases other than CO2 are contained during desorption. As a result, the purity of the separated gas decreases.

[0049] The separated gas is either stored or utilized, but if high purification is required, additional energy is required for additional separation and concentration in downstream processes, so high purification is required at the point of component separation and recovery using temperature swing adsorption (TSA).

[0050] Therefore, in this embodiment, the control unit 80 can raise the temperature of the specific component in a gaseous state to any set temperature by increasing the pressure using the compressor 50 while monitoring the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 60, and by flowing a purge gas composed of the specific component for a short period of time and at a temperature close to the desorption temperature, components other than the specific component are discharged during the process of adsorption in the first fixed bed 10.

[0051] Next, the relationship between the temperature and pressure of the components constituting the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 over time will be described. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and pressure of the components constituting the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 over time. Fig. 5 illustrates a case where the first fixed bed 10 functions as an adsorption tower and the second fixed bed 20 functions as a desorption tower. When the first fixed bed 10 functions as a desorption tower and the second fixed bed 20 functions as an adsorption tower, Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(c) are interchanged.

[0052] Figure 5(a) shows the temperature over time of the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower, Figure 5(b) shows the adsorption rate over time of the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower, Figure 5(c) shows the temperature over time of the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption tower, Figure 5(d) shows the desorption rate over time of the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption tower, Figure 5(e) shows the ON / OFF state of compressor 50, Figure 5(f) shows the purge gas temperature over time as it is pressurized by compressor 50, and Figure 5(g) shows the purge gas pressure over time stored in purge tank 40.

[0053] 5, time t0 indicates the process start time, time t1 indicates the temperature rise completion time, time t2 indicates the time to reach the desorption temperature, time t3 indicates the time to reach breakthrough, time t4 indicates the desorption completion time, time t5 indicates the purge completion time, and time t6 indicates the regeneration completion time. The process start time refers to the time at which the first fixed bed 10 starts the adsorption process, and the second fixed bed 20 starts the desorption process. The temperature rise completion time refers to the time at which the temperature of the purge gas sent from the purge tank 40 and pressurized by the compressor 50 reaches an arbitrarily set temperature T パージ The desorption temperature reaching time is the time it takes for the temperature of the second fixed layer 20 to reach the temperature T 脱離 The breakthrough time refers to the time at which the specific component is not adsorbed by the adsorbent 11 packed in the container 12 of the first fixed layer 10 and is allowed to pass through. The desorption completion time refers to the time until desorption from the second fixed layer 20 is completed. For example, if the elapsed time from the start of desorption (desorption time) is longer than the time t 脱離 The completion of desorption can be determined by whether or not the desorption temperature has reached the desorption temperature reaching time t4. 脱離 The purge completion time refers to the time required to complete the purge of the first fixed bed 10. For example, the time elapsed from the start of the purge (purge time) is the time required for the purge process t パージ The completion of the purge can be determined by whether or not the time t5 of the purge is greater than or equal to the breakthrough time t3. パージThe regeneration completion time t1 indicates the time required to complete the regeneration of the adsorbent 21 packed in the second fixed bed 20. The regeneration completion time t6 indicates the desorption completion time t4 plus the time required for regeneration of the adsorbent 21. All of the times t1 to t6 may be determined in advance by experiments or the like, or may be set to any desired time.

[0054] temperature T パージ The temperature T 1 is a temperature that is arbitrarily set in consideration of the desorption temperature of the adsorbent 11 or the adsorbent 21. For example, when the purge gas temperature measured by the temperature sensor 60 is equal to or lower than the arbitrarily set temperature T パージ The compressor 50 can be controlled so that the temperature T 再生 The pressure P パージ The steady pressure refers to the pressure of the purge gas required for purging. The steady pressure refers to the pressure of the CO2 stored in the purge tank 40 before purging. Temperature T 脱離 This refers to the temperature required for desorption, and refers to the temperature within the first fixed layer 10 or the second fixed layer 20.

[0055] When the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower starts adsorption of CO2 by the adsorbent 11 packed in the first fixed bed 10, the adsorption rate increases with time as shown in Fig. 5(b). Then, with the adsorption of CO2, the temperature of the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower increases as shown in Fig. 5(a).

[0056] When the adsorption process by the first fixed bed 10 is started, preparation for purging is started in parallel. When preparation for purging is started, the compressor 50 is turned on as shown in FIG. 5(e). When the compressor 50 is turned on, the temperature of the purge gas, which has been pressurized, is increased from the ambient temperature to a temperature T パージ At the same time, the purge gas pressure of CO2 stored in the purge tank 40 rises from the steady pressure to pressure P パージThe temperature of the second fixed bed 20, which functions as a desorption tower, increases with time as shown in FIG. 5(d). As the CO2 is desorbed, the temperature of the second fixed bed 20, which functions as a desorption tower, decreases as shown in FIG. 5(c).

[0057] Next, a component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device 1 will be described. Fig. 6A is a flowchart (part 1) showing an example of the component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device 1. Fig. 6B is a flowchart (part 2) showing an example of the component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device 1. Fig. 6C is a flowchart (part 3) showing an example of the component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device 1. Fig. 6D is a flowchart (part 4) showing an example of the component separation method executed by the component separation and recovery device 1.

[0058] First, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 performs the adsorption process of step S11 and the desorption process of step S25 in parallel. In the adsorption process of step S11, the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower starts adsorption of CO2 by the adsorbent 11. When the adsorption process is performed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 performs the processes of steps S12 to S16 and steps S17 to S18 in parallel. Performing in parallel may mean that the period during which the adsorption process of step S11 is performed and the period during which the desorption process of step S25 is performed overlap at least partially, or may mean that the period during which the processes of steps S12 to S16 are performed and the period during which the processes of steps S17 to S18 are performed overlap at least partially.

[0059] In step S12, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 executes purge preparation. When purge preparation is executed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 opens the valve 72k (step S13). Next, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valve 72k, opens the valve 72l, and turns on the compressor 50, thereby increasing the pressure of the CO2 sent from the purge tank 40 to the compressor 50 by the compressor 50 (step S14). The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 detects when the purge gas temperature downstream of the compressor 50 detected by the temperature sensor 60 is equal to or higher than the temperature T パージ It is determined whether or not this is the case (step S15).

[0060] The temperature of the purge gas downstream of the compressor 50 detected by the temperature sensor 60 is temperature T パージ If the temperature is less than the temperature T パージ The compression of the purge gas by the compressor 50 is continued until the temperature of the purge gas downstream of the compressor 50 detected by the temperature sensor 60 becomes equal to or higher than the temperature T パージ If this is the case (step S15: YES), the component separation and recovery device 1 controls the compressor 50 to maintain the pressure of the CO2 downstream of the compressor 50 (step S16). The component separation and recovery device 1 may turn off the compressor 50 to maintain the pressure. After step S16 is executed, the process proceeds to step S19.

[0061] In step S17, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valves 72a and 72b. The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 determines whether the adsorption time is equal to or longer than time t3, i.e., the breakthrough time (step S18). If the adsorption time is less than the breakthrough time (step S18: NO), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 continues to execute the adsorption process until the adsorption time is equal to or longer than the breakthrough time. If the adsorption time is equal to or longer than the breakthrough time (step S18: YES), the process proceeds to step S19.

[0062] In step S19, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 executes a purging process. After the purging process is executed, the process proceeds to step S20. In step S20, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valve 72b and opens the valve 72g. The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 determines whether the purging time is t パージ It is determined whether the purge time is t パージ If the purge time is less than t パージ The purging process is continued until the purging time is t パージ If this is the case (step S21: YES), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valve 72a (step S22). Next, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valves 72g and 72l, and turns off the compressor 50 (step S23). When the processes of steps S11 to S23 are completed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 ends the adsorption process and the purging process by the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower (step S24). When the adsorption process and the purging process by the first fixed bed 10 functioning as an adsorption tower are completed, the process proceeds to step S36.

[0063] In the desorption step of step S25, the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption column starts desorption of CO2 from the adsorbent 21. When the desorption step is performed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 opens the valves 72f and 72j (step S26). After that, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 opens the valve 72m (step S27).

[0064] In the component separation and recovery apparatus 1, the temperature of the adsorbent 21 of the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption column is T 脱離 It is determined whether the temperature of the adsorbent 21 is equal to or higher than the temperature T 脱離 If the temperature of the adsorbent 21 is less than the temperature T 脱離 Step S28 is continued until the temperature of the adsorbent 21 reaches or exceeds the temperature T 脱離 If the desorption time is equal to or greater than t 脱離 It is determined whether or not this is the case (step S29).

[0065] The desorption time is t 脱離 If the desorption time is less than t (step S29: NO), the component separation and recovery device 1 continues to execute the desorption process. 脱離 If this is the case (step S29: YES), a regeneration process for the adsorbent 21 in the second fixed bed 20 is started (step S30). After that, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valves 72f, 72j, and 72m (step S31).

[0066] The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 cools the adsorbent 21 of the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption column (step S32). As a result of cooling the adsorbent 21, the temperature of the adsorbent 21 of the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption column becomes equal to or higher than temperature T 再生 It is determined whether the temperature of the adsorbent 21 is equal to or lower than temperature T 再生 If the temperature of the adsorbent 21 is higher than the temperature T 再生 Cooling of the adsorbent 21 is continued until the following is reached:

[0067] The temperature of the adsorbent 21 is T 再生 If the following condition is met (step S33: YES), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 stops cooling the adsorbent 21 (step S34). When the processes of steps S25 to S34 are completed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 ends the desorption step by the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption column (step S35). When the desorption step by the second fixed bed 20 functioning as a desorption column is completed, the process proceeds to step S36.

[0068] In step S36, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 operates by inverting the first fixed bed 10 functioning as the adsorption tower and the second fixed bed 20 functioning as the desorption tower. When this inversion process is performed, the first fixed bed 10 functioning as the adsorption tower functions as the desorption tower, and the second fixed bed 20 functioning as the desorption tower functions as the adsorption tower.

[0069] In step S37, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 judges whether or not a termination command has been received. If a termination command has been received (step S37: YES), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 starts the desorption process of the first fixed layer 10 (step S38). When this process is completed, all systems including the first fixed layer 10 and the second fixed layer 20 are stopped. When all systems are stopped, the process is terminated after all of the CO2 adsorbed in the adsorbent 11 filled in the container 12 of the first fixed layer 10 and the adsorbent 21 filled in the container 22 of the second fixed layer 20 is desorbed. That is, for the second fixed layer 20 for which the desorption process has been completed in step S35, no new adsorption process is performed, and only the desorption process of the first fixed layer 10 for which the adsorption process and the purging process have been completed in step S24 is performed, thereby making it possible to desorb all of the CO2 adsorbed in the adsorbent. If a termination command has not been received (step S37: NO), the process proceeds to step S39.

[0070] In step S39, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 executes the adsorption step of step S39 and the desorption step of step S53 in parallel. In the adsorption step of step S39, the second fixed bed 20, which functions as an adsorption tower, starts adsorption of CO2 by the adsorbent 21. When the adsorption step is executed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 executes the processes of steps S40 to S44 and steps S45 to 46 in parallel. Executing in parallel may mean that the execution period of the adsorption step of step S39 and the execution period of the desorption step of step S53 at least partially overlap, or may mean that the execution period of the processes of steps S40 to S44 and the execution period of steps S45 to 46 at least partially overlap.

[0071] In step S40, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 executes purge preparation. When purge preparation is executed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 opens the valve 72k (step S41). Next, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valve 72k, opens the valve 72l, and turns on the compressor 50, thereby increasing the pressure of the CO2 sent from the purge tank 40 to the compressor 50 by the compressor 50 (step S42). The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 detects when the purge gas temperature downstream of the compressor 50 detected by the temperature sensor 60 is equal to or higher than temperature T パージ It is determined whether or not this is the case (step S43).

[0072] The temperature of the purge gas downstream of the compressor 50 detected by the temperature sensor 60 is temperature T パージ If the temperature is less than the temperature T パージ The compression of the purge gas by the compressor 50 is continued until the temperature of the purge gas downstream of the compressor 50 detected by the temperature sensor 60 becomes equal to or higher than the temperature T パージ If this is the case (step S43: YES), the component separation and recovery device 1 controls the compressor 50 to maintain the pressure of the CO2 downstream of the compressor 50 (step S44). The component separation and recovery device 1 may turn off the compressor 50 to maintain the pressure. After step S44 is executed, the process proceeds to step S47.

[0073] In step S45, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valves 72c and 72d. The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 determines whether the adsorption time is equal to or longer than time t3, i.e., the breakthrough time (step S46). If the adsorption time is less than the breakthrough time (step S46: NO), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 continues to execute the adsorption process until the adsorption time is equal to or longer than the breakthrough time. If the adsorption time is equal to or longer than the breakthrough time (step S46: YES), the process proceeds to step S47.

[0074] In step S47, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 executes the purging process. After the purging process is executed, the process proceeds to step S48. In step S48, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valve 72d and opens the valve 72h. パージ It is determined whether the purge time is equal to or greater than t パージ If the purge time is less than t パージ The purging process is continued until the purging time is t パージ If this is the case (step S49: YES), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes valve 72c (step S50). Next, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes valves 72h and 72l, and turns off compressor 50 (step S51). When the processes of steps S39 to S51 are completed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 ends the adsorption process and the purging process by the second fixed bed 20 functioning as an adsorption tower (step S52). When the adsorption process and the purging process by the second fixed bed 20 functioning as an adsorption tower are completed, the process proceeds to step S64.

[0075] In the desorption process of step S53, the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption column starts desorption of CO2 from the adsorbent 11. When the desorption process is performed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 opens the valves 72e and 72i (step S54). After that, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 opens the valve 72m (step S55).

[0076] In the component separation and recovery apparatus 1, the temperature of the adsorbent 11 of the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption column is T 脱離 It is determined whether the temperature of the adsorbent 21 is equal to or higher than the temperature T 脱離 If the temperature of the adsorbent 11 is less than the temperature T 脱離 Step S56 is continued until the temperature of the adsorbent 11 reaches or exceeds the temperature T 脱離 If the desorption time is equal to or greater than t 脱離 It is determined whether or not this is the case (step S57).

[0077] The desorption time is t 脱離 If the desorption time is less than t (step S57: NO), the component separation and recovery device 1 continues to execute the desorption process. 脱離 If this is the case (step S57: YES), the regeneration process of the adsorbent 11 in the first fixed bed 10 is started (step S58). After that, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 closes the valves 72e, 72i, and 72m (step S59).

[0078] The component separation and recovery apparatus 1 cools the adsorbent 11 of the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption column (step S60). As a result of cooling the adsorbent 11, the temperature of the adsorbent 11 of the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption column becomes equal to or higher than temperature T 再生 It is determined whether the temperature of the adsorbent 11 is equal to or lower than the temperature T 再生 If the temperature of the adsorbent 11 is higher than the temperature T 再生 Cooling of the adsorbent 11 is continued until the following is reached:

[0079] The temperature of the adsorbent 11 is T 再生 If the following condition is met (step S61: YES), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 stops cooling the adsorbent 11 (step S62). When the processes of steps S53 to S62 are completed, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 ends the desorption step by the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption column (step S63). When the desorption step by the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption column is completed, the process proceeds to step S64.

[0080] In step S64, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 inverts the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption tower and the second fixed bed 20 functioning as an adsorption tower. When this inversion process is performed, the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption tower functions as an adsorption tower, and the second fixed bed 20 functioning as an adsorption tower functions as a desorption tower.

[0081] In step S65, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 judges whether or not a termination command has been received. If a termination command has been received (step S65: YES), the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 starts the desorption process of the second fixed layer 20 (step S66). When this process is completed, all systems including the first fixed layer 10 and the second fixed layer 20 are stopped. When all systems are stopped, the system is terminated after all of the CO2 adsorbed in the adsorbent 11 filled in the container 12 of the first fixed layer 10 and the adsorbent 21 filled in the container 22 of the second fixed layer 20 is desorbed. That is, for the first fixed layer 10 for which the desorption process has been completed in step S63, no new adsorption process is performed, and only the desorption process of the second fixed layer 20 for which the adsorption process and the purging process have been completed in step S52 is performed, thereby making it possible to desorb all of the CO2 adsorbed in the adsorbent. If a termination command has not been received (step S65: NO), the process returns to step S11.

[0082] Thus, according to this embodiment, the component separation and recovery device 1 includes a first fixed bed 10, a second fixed bed 20, a liquefied storage tank 30, a purge tank 40, a compressor 50, and a temperature sensor 60 for the purpose of separating CO2 in the gas. The first fixed bed 10 includes an adsorbent 11 that adsorbs CO2 and a container 12 in which the adsorbent 11 is filled, and the second fixed bed 20 includes an adsorbent 21 that adsorbs CO2 and a container 22 in which the adsorbent 21 is filled. The liquefied storage tank 30 stores CO2 desorbed from the adsorbent 11 of the first fixed bed 10 functioning as a desorption tower or the adsorbent 21 of the second fixed bed functioning as a desorption tower. The purge tank 40 stores a part of the CO2 stored in the liquefied storage tank 30 in a gas phase. The compressor 50 is provided at the rear of the purge tank 40, and the temperature sensor 60 is provided at the rear of the compressor 50.

[0083] As a result, the gas-phase CO2 can be heated to any desired temperature by increasing the pressure in the compressor 50 while monitoring the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 60, and by flowing CO2 close to the desorption temperature in a short period of time, components other than CO2 are discharged in the adsorption process in the first fixed bed 10. As a result, even when a specific component is separated from the gas at a high recovery rate, it is possible to prevent the incorporation of components other than CO2 and prevent the problem of a decrease in the concentration of CO2. This makes it possible to separate CO2 from the gas at a high concentration and with a high recovery rate.

[0084] The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and may be modified, substituted, or altered in various ways without departing from the spirit of the technical idea of ​​the present invention. Furthermore, if the technical idea of ​​the present invention can be realized in a different way due to technological progress or other derived technology, it may be implemented using that method. Therefore, the claims cover all embodiments that can be included within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention.

[0085] In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the component separation and recovery device 1 separates a specific component in a gas by repeating adsorption and desorption of the specific component by temperature swing adsorption (TSA), but this is not limited thereto. For example, the component separation and recovery device 1 may separate a specific component in a gas by repeating adsorption and desorption of the specific component by pressure swing adsorption (PSA).

[0086] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the adsorption process may proceed to the purge process based on whether the adsorption time is equal to or longer than the predetermined breakthrough time. However, this is not limiting. For example, the adsorption process may proceed based on the value of a concentration sensor that measures the concentration of a specific component and is provided in a pipe through which the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas supply source 81 downstream of each fixed bed passes. When the breakthrough time is reached, the specific component passes through without being adsorbed by the adsorbent filled in the container of the fixed bed, and the value of the concentration sensor downstream of the fixed bed that functions as an adsorption tower increases. The increase in the concentration sensor value may determine that the breakthrough time has been reached, and the adsorption process may proceed to the purge process.

[0087] In the above embodiments, the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 having two fixed beds, the first fixed bed 10 and the second fixed bed 20, has been described as an example, but the component separation and recovery apparatus 1 may have three or more fixed beds. In the embodiments of the present invention, it is assumed that the adsorption process and purging process of the fixed bed functioning as an adsorption tower are completed earlier than the desorption process and regeneration process of the fixed bed functioning as a desorption tower. When two fixed beds are provided, the functions of the fixed bed functioning as an adsorption tower and the fixed bed functioning as a desorption tower must be reversed simultaneously, but when three or more fixed beds are provided, the functions of the fixed beds may be reversed as soon as the functions of each fixed bed are completed. [Explanation of symbols]

[0088] 1: Component separation and recovery device 10: 1st fixed layer 11: Adsorbent 12: Container 20: 2nd fixed layer 21: Adsorbent 22: Container 30: Liquefaction storage tank 40: Purge tank 50: Compressor 60: Temperature sensor 71a~71m: Pipe 72a~72m: Valves 81: Exhaust gas supply source 82:Outside world 83:Regeneration heat source Z1: Adsorption zone Z2: Saturation zone Z3: Space

Claims

1. A plurality of fixed beds each including an adsorbent for adsorbing a specific component in a gas and a container for packing the adsorbent; a liquefied storage tank in which the specific component is stored in a liquid phase; a purge tank in which a portion of the specific component in the liquefaction storage tank is stored; A compressor provided downstream of the purge tank. Component separation and recovery device.

2. 2. The component separation and recovery apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the specific component stored in the purge tank is in a gas phase state.

3. The amount of the specific component stored in the purge tank is an amount of the specific component that can be adsorbed in an adsorption zone of the adsorbent in the fixed bed; and The component separation and recovery apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the amount of the adsorbent is equal to the volume of the space other than the adsorbent in the fixed bed.

4. The component separation and recovery device according to claim 3 , wherein the compressor compresses the specific component stored in the purge tank.

5. The component separation and recovery apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the plurality of fixed beds function as an adsorption tower and a desorption tower.

6. A plurality of fixed beds functioning as the adsorption tower; The component separation and recovery apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the functions of the plurality of fixed beds functioning as the desorption column and the plurality of fixed beds function inversely.

7. The component separation and recovery apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the liquefaction storage tank liquefies and stores the specific component desorbed from the adsorbent of the plurality of fixed beds functioning as the desorption tower.

8. The component separation and recovery device according to claim 1 , further comprising a temperature sensor provided downstream of the compressor.

9. The temperature sensor measures a temperature of the specific component compressed by the compressor, The component separation and recovery device according to claim 8 , further comprising a control unit that controls the compressor based on a measurement value of the temperature sensor.

10. A predetermined temperature is set in advance taking into consideration the desorption temperature of the adsorbent; The component separation and recovery device according to claim 9 , wherein the control unit controls the compressor so that the measurement value of the temperature sensor is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature.

11. an adsorption step of adsorbing specific components in the gas with an adsorbent filled in a container in a plurality of fixed beds; A component separation and recovery method, comprising: a desorption step of desorbing the specific component from the adsorbent to which the specific component has been adsorbed; A component separation and recovery method, characterized in that the period during which the adsorption step is performed and the period during which the desorption step is performed overlap at least partially.

12. The component separation and recovery method according to claim 11 , further comprising the step of: carrying out a purging step of discharging components other than the specific component from the plurality of fixed beds after carrying out the adsorption step.

13. A component separation and recovery method in which a purge preparation process for compressing the specific component used as a purge gas in the purge process by a compressor is performed in parallel with the adsorption process, 13. The component separation and recovery method according to claim 12, wherein the execution period of the purging step and the execution period of the adsorption step at least partially overlap each other.

14. When the system shutdown command is received, The component separation and recovery method according to claim 13, wherein only the desorption step is carried out for the plurality of fixed beds in which the specific component is adsorbed to the adsorbent.

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