Land slide model test method and device synchronously monitoring a plurality of variables

Abstract

To provide a method and a device of a land slide model test synchronously monitoring a plurality of variables.SOLUTION: A simulation unit of soil body slop surface simulates various types of tilts on a slope surface by generating soil body slope models through filling soil, a rain simulation unit induces land slides through simulating various hard rains, a runoff-seepage flow unit separates runoff on and seepage in the slope surface upon rain, and a monitoring module monitors changes of flow rate of runoff water on and seepage water in the slope surface upon rain, water content in the slope surface, and pore water pressure, and deformation of the slope surface to monitor automatically and in real time the flow rate of the runoff-seepage water through separation of the runoff on and the seepage flow in the slope surface upon rain by acquiring a land slide deformation and destroying mechanism through the rain on the basis of changes of the flow rate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of landslide disaster model testing, and in particular to a landslide model testing method and apparatus for synchronously monitoring multiple variables. [Background technology]

[0002] A landslide is a natural phenomenon in which rocks or soil masses on a slope slide down along a slope, either entirely or in a dispersed manner, due to the action of gravity along a specific weak surface or weak area caused by factors such as river erosion, groundwater activity, rainwater infiltration, earthquakes, and artificial cut slopes. Among them, rainfall-induced landslides are the most common geological disasters and often cause significant casualties and economic losses.

[0003] When rainwater acts on a slope, some of it flows as surface runoff, while the other part enters the soil body and forms subsurface flow. Accurate monitoring of the runoff on the slope surface and the flow rate of infiltration flow in the slope, as well as the changes in the water content and pore water pressure of the soil body in the slope due to various rainfall amounts, is very important for understanding the hydrological response mechanism of the slope during rainfall and its influence on the stability of the slope. Indoor landslide model tests are an effective means of studying the landslide deformation and failure mechanism due to rainfall, and are of great significance for the prevention and mitigation of landslides caused by rainfall.

[0004] However, in indoor models, runoff and seepage flow on slopes have small flow rates and are mixed with soil and rocks, making traditional water flow monitoring methods unsuitable. Existing flow monitoring in landslide model tests mainly relies on manual work, with long monitoring time intervals, making it difficult to accurately capture the detailed changes in the hydrological response of slopes before and after landslide occurrence. In addition, most of the flow monitoring in conventional technology involves a mixture of runoff and seepage flow, and does not distinguish between the dynamic changes in runoff on the slope surface and the seepage flow rate within the slope. Meanwhile, before rainfall-induced landslides occur, runoff flow rate and seepage flow rate often change, and they need to be monitored separately and combined with data on the change in water content and pore water pressure within the slope, image data, etc., so as to provide a data reference for studying and analyzing the mechanism of landslide induction by rainfall. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a landslide model testing method and device that automatically monitors the runoff and seepage flow rates on a slope in real time, and synchronously monitors multiple variables, such as the water content in the slope, changes in pore water pressure, and changes in slope shape. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A landslide model testing device for synchronously monitoring multiple variables; A soleum slope simulation unit that creates a soleum slope model by piling up soil and simulates various slope inclinations; A rainfall simulation unit is set up in cooperation with the soil body slope simulation unit to simulate rainfall of various intensities to induce landslides; A runoff-seepage separation unit is installed at the end of the soil body slope simulation unit and separates runoff and seepage flow from the slope during rainfall. and a monitoring module that is arranged in cooperation with the runoff-seepage separation unit and monitors the flow rates of runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, changes in water content and pore water pressure within the slope, and changes in slope shape.

[0007] Preferably, the soil body slope simulation unit includes a model tank, a soil body slope is arranged in the model tank, a lifting mechanism is cooperatively provided at the front end of the model tank, the bottom of the rear end of the model tank is hingedly connected to a hinge base, and the hinge base is arranged on a horizontal plane.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a holder arranged on a horizontal surface, with a hoist provided on the top of the holder, the hoist cooperating with a suspension ring at the front end of the model tank via a lifting ring.

[0009] Preferably, the rainfall simulation unit includes a plurality of nozzles cooperatively arranged on the upper part of the model tank, and all the nozzles are connected to a water supply end via a water intake pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the outflow-seepage separation unit includes an orifice plate provided at the end of the model tank, an outflow water conveying tank is provided behind the orifice plate corresponding to the upper part of the soil body slope, and a seepage flow water conveying tank is provided behind the orifice plate corresponding to the rock surface of the soil body slope, and the outflow water conveying tank and the seepage flow water conveying tank are each connected to the monitoring module via a first water conveying pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the monitoring module comprises: a flow monitoring unit provided at the end of the runoff-seepage separation unit for monitoring the magnitude of runoff and seepage flow on the slope during rainfall; A plurality of sensors are disposed inside a soil body slope and monitor changes in moisture content and pore water pressure in the slope during rainfall; and one or more cameras provided on the sides of the soil body slope simulation unit for recording changes in the shape of the soil body slope.

[0012] Preferably, the flow rate monitoring unit includes two settling boxes respectively connected to the outflow water conveying tank and the seepage flow conveying tank, and each of the settling boxes is connected to a corresponding water collection box via a corresponding second water conveying pipe, and a weighing device is cooperatively installed under each of the settling boxes and each of the water collection boxes to monitor the mass change of the water collection box in real time, and to realize automatic and real-time monitoring of the flow rate of the outflow and seepage flow of the slope.

[0013] Preferably, any of the second guide pipes is provided at the upper edge of the corresponding settling box, and the horizontal height of any of the water collecting boxes is lower than the horizontal height of the corresponding settling box.

[0014] Preferably, the sensor includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors and a plurality of moisture content sensors for collecting changes in internal parameters of the soil body slope during rainfall, and the pore water pressure sensors and moisture content sensors are buried at various depths in the soil body slope along a direction perpendicular to the rock surface.

[0015] The test method uses a landslide model testing device that synchronously monitors a number of variables, in which a soil body slope simulation unit creates a soil body slope model by piling up earth to simulate various slope inclinations, a rainfall simulation unit simulates rainfall of various intensities to induce a landslide, and during this process, a runoff-seepage separation unit separates the runoff and seepage in the soil body slope simulation unit, and a monitoring module monitors the flow rate of runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, changes in the water content and pore water pressure within the slope, and changes in the shape of the slope, and a joint analysis based on multivariate data is performed to obtain the mechanism of landslide deformation and failure caused by rainfall.

[0016] The present invention provides a landslide model testing method and device for synchronously monitoring multiple variables. This method uses a solum slope simulation unit to create a solum slope model by piled soil to simulate various slope inclinations, a rainfall simulation unit and a solum slope simulation unit are combined to simulate rainfall of various intensities to induce landslides, a runoff-seepage separation unit at the end of the solum slope simulation unit separates runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, and a monitoring module and the runoff-seepage separation unit are linked to monitor the flow rate of runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, the changes in water content and pore water pressure in the slope, and the changes in the shape of the slope, and obtain the landslide deformation and failure mechanism caused by rainfall based on the changes in flow rate. Effect of the Invention

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Separating runoff on the slope surface and infiltration flow within the slope during rainfall. (2) The flow rate of runoff and infiltration can be automatically monitored in real time, and changes in internal parameters of the soil slope, including but not limited to pore water pressure and soil moisture content, and changes in the shape of the slope can be monitored in real time, and the response of the slope to rainfall can be obtained from multi-angle data. (3) To provide a data reference for studying the hydrological response mechanism of slopes during rainfall and its impact on slope stability. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the structure of an orifice plate according to the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the structure of an orifice plate in the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the entire assembled structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0020] The present invention relates to a landslide model testing apparatus for synchronously monitoring multiple variables, said apparatus comprising: a soleum slope simulation unit that creates a soleum slope 1 model by piling up soil and simulates various inclinations of slope 1; A rainfall simulation unit is set up in cooperation with the soil body slope simulation unit to simulate rainfall of various intensities to induce landslides; A runoff-seepage separation unit is provided at the end of the soil body slope simulation unit to separate runoff and seepage from slope 1 during rainfall; and a monitoring module which is arranged in cooperation with the runoff-seepage separation unit and monitors the runoff and seepage flow rates on the slope 1 during rainfall, changes in the water content and pore water pressure within the slope, and changes in the shape of the slope 1.

[0021] In the present invention, the solum slope simulation unit can simulate solum slopes 1 with various inclinations. When the rainfall simulation unit completes the rainfall simulation, the simulated "rainwater" flows down along the solum slope 1 or seeps into the solum slope 1, the runoff and seepage are separated by the runoff-seepage separation unit, and the flow rates of the runoff and seepage are monitored by the monitoring module.

[0022] In the present invention, the direction of water flow is defined as positive, and the starting position is defined as "front."

[0023] The soil body slope simulation unit includes a model tank 2, in which a soil body slope 1 is placed, a lifting mechanism is cooperatively provided at the front end of the model tank 2, and the bottom of the rear end of the model tank 2 is hingedly connected to a hinge base 3, which is placed on a horizontal plane.

[0024] The lifting mechanism includes a holder 4 arranged on a horizontal surface, a hoist 5 is provided on the upper part of the holder 4, and the hoist 5 cooperates with a suspension ring 21 at the front end of the model tank 2 via a lifting ring 51.

[0025] In the present invention, the model tank 2 includes a bottom plate, on which a front plate, a left plate, and a right plate are provided, but no rear plate. In order to facilitate the rainfall simulation by the rainfall simulation unit, four legs 22 are generally provided under the bottom plate, and the legs 22 at the rear end of the model tank 2 are hinged to the top of the hinge base 3, so that the bottom plate of the model tank 2 is spaced from the ground by a certain height, and a holder 4 of a lifting mechanism is disposed at the front end of the model tank 2. The holder 4 is generally a gantry, and the gantry suspends a hanging ring 21 via a hoist 5, and adjusts the inclination angle of the model tank 2, i.e., the inclination angle of the soil body slope 1, by changing the height of the front end of the model tank 2.

[0026] In the present invention, the body of the model tank 2 has a rectangular steel frame structure made by welding 12 steel pipes, with the bottom end made of steel material as the bottom plate, and the gradient of the piled-up soil slope changes along the long side of the frame, and the left and right panels are generally made of tempered glass connected to the inside of the steel frame, and the front panel is made of a steel plate welded integrally to the frame, thereby ensuring overall strength and rigidity.

[0027] The rainfall simulation unit includes a number of nozzles 6 cooperatively mounted on the top of a model tank 2, and all the nozzles 6 are connected to a water supply end 8 via a water intake pipe.

[0028] In the present invention, the water supply end 8 includes, but is not limited to, a water tank and / or city water, and a flow measurement mechanism or electronic metering device, especially an electronic metering device (e.g., metering device 18) is provided under the water tank in cooperation with the water supply end 8 to monitor the mass change of the water tank in real time and obtain the real time rainfall intensity.

[0029] In the present invention, in order to facilitate the communication of the nozzles 6 with the water supply end 8, the water intake pipe includes a rigid pipe 71 and a flexible pipe 72 connected to each other, and a water pump 9 is provided between the rigid pipe 71 and the water supply end 8 in cooperation with each other, and the four flexible pipes 72 are independent of each other and connected to the rigid pipe 71 by a one-inlet, four-outlet branch valve, and the four flexible pipes 72 are provided with 2, 4, 8, and 8 nozzles 6, respectively. When water is supplied to the flexible pipes 72, the flow rate of water spurting from a single nozzle 6 is kept constant, and the combination of whether water is supplied to the four flexible pipes 72 or not can obtain a total of 11 kinds of situations, in which the number of spurting nozzles 6 is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22, respectively, which correspond to 11 kinds of rainfall intensities. The nozzles 6 connected to each flexible pipe 72 are arranged as evenly as possible on the slope, thereby ensuring that the rainfall is uniformly applied to the slope in the case of 11 kinds of rainfall intensities.

[0030] The runoff-seepage separation unit includes an orifice plate 10 provided at the end of the model tank 2, with an outflow water conveyance tank 11 provided behind the orifice plate 10 corresponding to the top of the soil body slope 1, and a seepage water conveyance tank 12 provided behind the orifice plate 10 corresponding to the bedrock surface of the soil body slope 1.

[0031] The outflow water conveyance tank 11 and the permeate water conveyance tank 12 are each connected to a monitoring module via a first water conveyance pipe 13 .

[0032] In the present invention, the runoff water conveyance tank 11 is located at a position corresponding to the banking height of the soil slope and collects surface runoff generated on the slope 1 during rainfall, and the seepage flow conveyance tank 12 is provided below the orifice plate 10 and collects seepage water that seeps into the soil slope through the orifice plate 10 during rainfall. Two first conveyance pipes 13 are provided at the outlets of the runoff water conveyance tank 11 and the seepage flow conveyance tank 12, respectively, and drain the runoff and seepage flow from the slope 1.

[0033] The monitoring module includes: A flow monitoring unit is provided at the end of the runoff-seepage separation unit and monitors the magnitude of the runoff and seepage flow on the slope 1 during rainfall; A plurality of sensors are disposed inside the soil slope 1 and monitor changes in the water content and pore water pressure in the slope during rainfall; and one or more cameras 14 provided on the side of the soil body slope simulation unit for recording changes in the shape of the soil body slope 1.

[0034] The flow rate monitoring unit includes two settling boxes 15 each connected to the outflow water conveying tank 11 and the infiltration flow water conveying tank 12, and either of the settling boxes 15 is connected to a corresponding water collection box 17 via a corresponding second flow pipe 16, and a metering device 18 is cooperatively provided below either of the settling boxes 15 and either of the water collection boxes 17.

[0035] Either of the second guide pipes 16 is provided on the upper edge of the corresponding settling box 15, and the horizontal height of either of the water collecting boxes 17 is lower than the horizontal height of the corresponding settling box 15.

[0036] The sensor includes multiple pore water pressure sensors 19 and multiple moisture content sensors 20 for collecting changes in internal parameters of the soil body slope 1 during rainfall, and the pore water pressure sensors 19 and moisture content sensors 20 are buried at various depths within the soil body slope 1 along a direction perpendicular to the bedrock surface.

[0037] In the present invention, the sedimentation box 15 is a sedimentation box, which is a rectangular plastic box without a lid and has an overflow port, and is provided near the outlet of the corresponding outflow conveyance tank 11 and seepage conveyance tank 12. Throughout the test, the sedimentation box is always kept filled with water, and the wastewater from the outflow conveyance tank 11 and seepage conveyance tank 12 is drained into the small particle (smaller than the mesh) sedimentation box 15 through the corresponding first conveyance pipe 13, and the sediment carried away by the water flow is deposited at the bottom of the sedimentation box 15 by its own weight.

[0038] In the present invention, the water flow passing through the settling box 15 overflows through the overflow port and drains into the corresponding water collection box 17 through the corresponding second flow pipe 16, thus achieving the purpose of separating water and soil. In practice, the water collection box 17 may be provided with a drain valve 23 for controlling the drainage of the water collection box 17.

[0039] In the present invention, the metering device 18 monitors the mass changes in the collection box 17 and the water supply end 8 in real time, thereby automatically monitoring the flow rate of runoff and seepage flow and the rainfall intensity in real time.

[0040] In the present invention, the pore water pressure sensor 19 and the moisture content sensor 20 are buried at various depths in the soil body slope 1 along a direction perpendicular to the bedrock surface to collect soil slope parameters. Of course, when actually used, the soil slope parameters include internal parameters of the soil slope such as pore water pressure and soil body moisture content, but are not limited to these, and further parameters may be added by a person skilled in the art.

[0041] In the present invention, there are generally two cameras 14, which are provided on either the left or right side and the front side of the model box of the soil body slope simulation unit, respectively.

[0042] The present invention also relates to a testing method using a landslide model testing device that synchronously monitors the multiple variables, in which a soil body slope simulation unit creates a soil body slope model by piling up earth to simulate various slope inclinations, a rainfall simulation unit simulates rainfall of various intensities to induce a landslide, during this process a runoff-seepage separation unit separates the runoff and seepage in the soil body slope simulation unit, and a monitoring module monitors the flow rate of the runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, the changes in the water content and pore water pressure in the slope, and the changes in the shape of the slope, and obtains the mechanism of landslide deformation and failure caused by rainfall through joint analysis based on multivariate data.

[0043] In the present invention, first, the outflow and the seepage flow are separated, and after separation, the seepage flow and the outflow are put into separate water collection boxes 17, and the gravity data is read in real time by an electronic scale installed under the water collection box 17, and the real-time change in the gravity data is the real-time dynamic change in the flow rate of the outflow and the seepage flow, that is, the faster the gravity change, the larger the flow rate, and thus the real-time flow rate is quantified. In order to ensure the continuity of monitoring, two parallel water collection devices and weight measurement devices for the seepage flow and the outflow may be installed, and the two units collect water alternately, so that monitoring is performed continuously. With this device, it is possible to obtain the change in the flow rate of each of the seepage flow and the outflow without relying on manual real-time monitoring.

[0044] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A landslide model testing apparatus for synchronously monitoring multiple variables, comprising: A soil body slope model is created by piling up soil and various slope inclinations are simulated. A soil body slope simulation unit includes a model tank. A rainfall simulation unit is set up in cooperation with the soil body slope simulation unit to simulate rainfall of various intensities to induce landslides; an outflow-seepage separation unit, which is provided at the end of the soil body slope simulation unit, for separating runoff and seepage flow from the slope during rainfall, and includes an orifice plate provided at the end of the model tank, with an outflow conveyance tank provided behind the orifice plate corresponding to the top of the soil body slope, and a seepage conveyance tank provided behind the orifice plate corresponding to the bedrock surface of the soil body slope; a monitoring module arranged in cooperation with the runoff-seepage separation unit to monitor the flow rates of runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, changes in water content and pore water pressure within the slope, and changes in slope shape, the monitoring module including a flow rate monitoring unit arranged at the end of the runoff-seepage separation unit to monitor the magnitude of the flow rates of runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, the flow rate monitoring unit including two settling boxes each connected to the runoff water conveyance tank and the seepage water conveyance tank, each of the settling boxes being connected to a corresponding water collection box via a corresponding second conveyance pipe, each of the second conveyance pipes being arranged at the upper edge of the corresponding settling box, the horizontal height of each of the water collection boxes being lower than the horizontal height of the corresponding settling box, and a metering device being arranged in cooperation with the monitoring module below each of the settling boxes and each of the water collection boxes.

2. The landslide model testing device for synchronously monitoring multiple variables as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a soil body slope is placed in the model tank, a lifting mechanism is cooperatively provided at the front end of the model tank, the bottom of the rear end of the model tank is hinged to a hinge base, and the hinge base is placed on a horizontal plane.

3. The landslide model testing apparatus for synchronously monitoring multiple variables as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the lifting mechanism includes a holder arranged on a horizontal surface, and a hoist is provided on the upper part of the holder, and the hoist is provided in cooperation with a hanging ring at the front end of the model tank via a lifting ring.

4. The landslide model testing device for synchronously monitoring multiple variables as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the rainfall simulation unit includes a number of nozzles cooperatively arranged on the upper part of the model tank, and all the nozzles are connected to a water supply end via a water intake pipe.

5. The landslide model testing device for synchronously monitoring multiple variables as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the outflow water conveyance tank and the seepage flow water conveyance tank are respectively connected to a monitoring module via a first conveyance pipe.

6. The monitoring module includes: A plurality of sensors are disposed inside a soil body slope and monitor changes in moisture content and pore water pressure in the slope during rainfall; The landslide model testing device for synchronously monitoring multiple variables as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: one or more cameras provided on the sides of the soil body slope simulation unit for recording changes in the shape of the soil body slope.

7. The landslide model testing device for synchronously monitoring multiple variables as described in claim 6, characterized in that the sensors include multiple pore water pressure sensors and multiple moisture content sensors for collecting changes in internal parameters of the soil body slope during rainfall, and the pore water pressure sensors and moisture content sensors are buried at various depths in the soil body slope along a direction perpendicular to the rock surface.

8. A testing method using a landslide model testing device that synchronously monitors multiple variables as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a soil body slope simulation unit creates a soil body slope model by piling up soil to simulate various slope inclinations, a rainfall simulation unit simulates rainfall of various intensities to induce a landslide, during this process a runoff-seepage separation unit separates the runoff and seepage in the soil body slope simulation unit, a monitoring module monitors the flow rate of the runoff and seepage on the slope during rainfall, changes in the water content and pore water pressure in the slope, and changes in the shape of the slope, and a joint analysis based on multivariate data is performed to obtain the mechanism of landslide deformation and failure due to rainfall.

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