Dental implant apparatus and methods

Abstract

To provide a dental surgical retraction article.SOLUTION: A dental surgical retraction article comprises a polymeric foam sponge that is autoclavable at 121°C (250°F), and has a porosity not less than a porosity of polyurethane and is configured in size and shape for retracting a gingival flap during an oral surgery. The dental surgical retraction article is manufactured by combining one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates with one or more polyols including at least one polyether polyol that has a molecular weight of at least 2000.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] [Priority] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 922,177, filed March 20, 2020. This application is also a continuation-in-part of PCT / US21 / 21258, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Application No. 62 / 985,731, filed March 5, 2020, and U.S. Application No. 62 / 992,177, filed March 20, 2020. All three priority applications are incorporated by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] Dental implant surgery and endodontic restorative surgery to replace or restore decayed, partially or totally missing, or painful, unsightly or unsuitable teeth, respectively, are dental surgical options offered by dentists to resolve patients' periodontal problems. Cotton and gauze have been used as spacer materials to secure the location of the abutment and crown to the placed implant following osseointegration and / or to facilitate re-access of the cavity or canal passageway for bonding components or additional checks or procedures. However, cotton and gauze become sticky and crumpled over time, especially when immersed in body fluids, and the loose cotton fibers provide a passageway for bacteria. It would be desirable to have alternative spacer products and spacer materials that exhibit sufficient porosity and autoclavability to maintain structural integrity when immersed in body fluids for extended periods and undergo changes in the oral cavity.

[0003] Gingival retraction involves the deflection of the surrounding gingiva away from the tooth. There are many types of mechanical, chemomechanical, cordless and surgical retraction methods. When atraumatic displacement of gingival tissue is desired, retraction cords, chemical agents, electrosurgery, laser tissue tightening, and hemostats are often used. Of course, gingival retraction cords are the most commonly used, often combined with chemical solutions, astringent gels or hemostats such as aluminum chloride, which can cause gingival recession and damage the epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Gingival electrosurgery may be used to trough the gingival sulcus, but there is a significant risk of causing long-term damage.

[0004] Retraction pastes offer the advantages of being patient-reportedly comfortable, quick, easy to use, no anesthesia required, and less tissue trauma. Retraction pastes work less effectively in the deeper subgingival locations of deep implants. Injectable materials can also be used to form expanding matrices that provide gingival retraction. Similar to retraction pastes, injectable matrices provide less effective retraction performance in treatments involving deeper implants. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0005] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A illustrates a cube having a size, shape, and color selected according to a particular use and function during oral surgery, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B illustrates three cubes according to an example embodiment having alternative sizes and shapes, optionally cut from a larger cube as illustrated in FIG. 1A. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A shows examples of cubes used in different roles during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B shows examples of cubes used in different roles during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2C shows examples of cubes used in different roles during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. [Figure 2D]FIG. 2D shows examples of cubes used in different roles during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. [Figure 2E] FIG. 2E shows examples of cubes used in different roles during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. [Figure 2F] FIG. 2F shows examples of cubes used in different roles during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. [Figure 2G] FIG. 2G shows examples of cubes used in different roles during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows an example wedge shape of a dental implant cube or interior cube tapered shape according to an example embodiment. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A shows seven types of cubes according to an example embodiment. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B shows seven types of cubes according to an example embodiment. [Figure 4C] FIG. 4C illustrates seven types of cubes according to an example embodiment. [Figure 4D] FIG. 4D illustrates seven types of cubes according to an example embodiment. [Figure 4E] FIG. 4E illustrates seven types of cubes according to an example embodiment. [Figure 4F] FIG. 4F illustrates seven types of cubes according to an example embodiment. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A shows a schematic example of a retraction cube placement and removal tool having smooth, blunt attachments for placement of a cube to retract or open space in gum tissue around a bone graft site, tooth extraction site or other oral surgical site, and for placement, removal, space opening, cushioning, bandaging or protection of the cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 5B]FIG. 5B shows a schematic example of a retraction cube placement and removal tool having smooth, blunt attachments for placement of a cube to retract or open space in gingival tissue around a bone graft site, tooth extraction site or other oral surgical site, and for placement, removal, spacing, cushioning, bandaging or protection of the cube, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5C] FIG. 5C shows a schematic example of a retraction cube placement and removal tool having smooth, blunt attachments for placing a cube to retract or open space in gum tissue around a bone graft site, tooth extraction site or other oral surgical site, and for placing, removing, opening spaces, cushioning, bandaging or protecting the cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 5D] FIG. 5D shows a schematic example of a retraction cube placement and removal tool having smooth, blunt attachments for placement of a cube to retract or open space in gum tissue around a bone graft site, tooth extraction site or other oral surgical site, and for placement, removal, space opening, cushioning, bandaging or protection of the cube, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5E] FIG. 5E shows a schematic example of a retraction cube placement and removal tool having smooth, blunt attachments for placing a cube to retract or open space in gum tissue around a bone graft site, tooth extraction site or other oral surgical site, and for placing, removing, opening spaces, cushioning, bandaging or protecting the cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 5F] FIG. 5F shows a schematic example of a retraction cube placement and removal tool having smooth, blunt attachments for placing a cube to retract or open space in gum tissue around a bone graft site, tooth extraction site or other oral surgical site, and for placing, removing, opening spaces, cushioning, bandaging or protecting the cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 5G]FIG. 5G shows a schematic example of a retraction cube placement and removal tool having smooth, blunt attachments for placing a cube to retract or open space in gum tissue around a bone graft site, tooth extraction site or other oral surgical site, and for placing, removing, opening spaces, cushioning, bandaging or protecting the cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 6A] FIG. 6A illustrates a schematic example of an implant cube and endocube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B illustrates a schematic example of an implant cube and endocube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 6C] FIG. 6C illustrates a schematic example of an implant cube and endocube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 6D] FIG. 6D illustrates a schematic example of an implant cube and endocube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 6E] FIG. 6E illustrates a schematic example of an implant cube and endocube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 6F] FIG. 6F illustrates a schematic example of an implant cube and endocube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7A] FIG. 7A illustrates a cube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B illustrates a cube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7C] FIG. 7C illustrates a cube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7D] FIG. 7D illustrates a cube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7E] FIG. 7E illustrates a cube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7F] FIG. 7F illustrates a cube installation and removal tool, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7G]FIG. 7G illustrates a cube installation and removal tool according to an example embodiment. [Figure 8A] 8A photographically illustrates certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth, including a photograph showing the incision site reflected in a mirror, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 8B] 8A and 8B are photographs illustrating certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth, including a photograph of a retraction cube inserted into a surgical flap of retraction, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8C] 8C photographically illustrates certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth, including a photograph of a cube further inserted into the lower part of the flap, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8D] 8D is a photograph showing certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth, including a photograph including cubes placed on either side of an incision, retracting to a surgical flap and exposing the bone below, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8E] 8E photographically illustrates certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth, including a photograph of a visible cube retracting the flap, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8F] 8F photographically illustrates certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth site, including a photograph showing a retraction cube that allows for preparation of the implant site and access to the osteotomy for better visualization, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8G]8G photographically illustrates certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth, including a photograph in which the retraction cube of FIG. 8F has been removed, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 8H] 8H photographically illustrates certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth, including a photograph of a cube removed from the other side of an implant placed below the gum surface, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8I] FIGURE 8I photographically illustrates certain steps in a step-by-step process of connecting a dental implant to an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth site, including a photograph of a surgical flap sutured closed around the dental implant site, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9A] FIG. 9A shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9C] FIG. 9C shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9D] FIG. 9D shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9E] FIG. 9E shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9F] FIG. 9F shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9G] FIG. 9G shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9H] FIG. 9H shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9I] FIG. 9I shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9J] FIG. 9J shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9K] FIG. 9K shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9L] FIG. 9L shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9M] FIG. 9M shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9N] FIG. 9N shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9O] FIG. 9O shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9P] FIG. 9P shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9Q]FIG. 9Q shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9R] FIG. 9R shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9S] FIG. 9S shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9T] FIG. 9T shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 9U] FIG. 9U shows an example of a photograph of an internal cube and / or dental implant cube in an exemplary endodontic oral surgical restorative treatment, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 10A] FIG. 10A includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10B] FIG. 10B includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10C] FIG. 10C includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10D] FIG. 10D includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10E] FIG. 10E includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10F] FIG. 10F includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10G] FIG. 10G includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10H]FIG. 10H includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 10I] FIG. 10I includes a surgical photograph including an exemplary embodiment of a retraction cube as an apparently suitable retraction medium. [Figure 11A] FIG. 11A illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11B] FIG. 11B illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11C] FIG. 11C illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11D] FIG. 11D illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11E] FIG. 11E illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11F] FIG. 11F illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11G] FIG. 11G illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11H] FIG. 11H illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11I]FIG. 11I illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11J] FIG. 11J illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 11K] FIG. 11K illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment involving threaded connection and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12A] FIG. 12A illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12B] FIG. 12B illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12C] FIG. 12C illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12D] FIG. 12D illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12E] FIG. 12E illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12F] FIG. 12F illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12G]FIG. 12G illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12H] FIG. 12H illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12I] FIG. 12I illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 12J] FIG. 12J illustrates an example retraction step during dental implant treatment including cementation and an example embodiment of an example multi-purpose retraction cube, according to an example embodiment. [Figure 13A] FIG. 13A illustrates the use and application of an example cube as well as a photograph of the example cube. [Figure 13B] FIG. 13B illustrates the use and application of an example cube as well as a photograph of the example cube. [Figure 13C] FIG. 13C illustrates the use and application of an example cube as well as a photograph of the example cube. [Figure 13D] FIG. 13D illustrates the use and applications of an example cube as well as a photograph of the example cube. [Figure 13E] FIG. 13E illustrates the use and application of an example cube as well as a photograph of the example cube. [Figure 13F] FIG. 13F illustrates the use and application of an example cube as well as a photograph of the example cube. [Figure 13G] FIG. 13G illustrates the use and application of an example cube as well as a photograph of the example cube. [Figure 14A] FIG. 14A is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14B] FIG. 14B is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14C] FIG. 14C is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14D] FIG. 14D is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14E] FIG. 14E is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14F] FIG. 14F photographically illustrates an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube, according to another embodiment. [Figure 14G] FIG. 14G photographically illustrates an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14H] FIG. 14H is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14I] FIG. 14I photographs an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14J] FIG. 14J is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14K] FIG. 14K is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14L] FIG. 14L photographs an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube, according to another embodiment. [Figure 14M] FIG. 14M photographically illustrates an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube, according to another embodiment. [Figure 14N] FIG. 14N photographically illustrates an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14O] FIG. 14O photographically illustrates an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube, according to another embodiment. [Figure 14P] FIG. 14P photographs an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14Q] FIG. 14Q photographically illustrates an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube, according to another embodiment. [Figure 14R]FIG. 14R is a photograph showing an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14S] FIG. 14S photographically illustrates an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube according to another embodiment. [Figure 14T] FIG. 14T photographs an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube, according to another embodiment. [Figure 15A] FIG. 15A diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. [Figure 15B] FIG. 15B diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. [Figure 15C] FIG. 15C diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. [Figure 15D] FIG. 15D diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for coupling a dental implant. [Figure 15E] FIG. 15E diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. [Figure 15F] FIG. 15F diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. [Figure 15G] FIG. 15G diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. [Figure 15H] FIG. 15H diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for coupling a dental implant. [Figure 15I] FIG. 15I diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for coupling a dental implant. [Figure 15J] FIG. 15J diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. [Figure 15K] FIG. 15K diagrammatically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an implantation process to restore a bone socket site for attachment of a dental implant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0006] A dental surgical retraction device is provided that includes a polymeric foam sponge that is autoclavable at 250° F. and has a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane. The dental retraction device is adapted to have a size and shape to retract a gingival flap during oral surgery.

[0007] The polymeric foam sponge may exhibit an elongated shape. The polymeric foam sponge may include a cylindrical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a tubular shape, a wedge shape, a prismatic shape, an ovoid shape, a triovoid shape, an egg- or pear-like shape, or a combination thereof.

[0008] The polymeric foam sponge may comprise polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyolefin, polyamideimide, polymethylpentene (PMP), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), partially reticulated polyether type polyurethane, polyethyl polyurethane, thermoplastic foam, reactive resin foam, polyurethane foam, reaction injection molded plastic foam, flexible foam, thermoplastic polyurethane, mica particle polyurethane, resin particle polyurethane, resin mixed polyurethane, porous polyurethane or polyurethane blend, or combinations thereof.

[0009] The polymeric foam sponge may include polyurethane mixed with one or more additives that enhance one or more characteristic material properties. The one or more additives may include silicon oil, silicone surfactant, polyether, polyethyl, or molybdenum.

[0010] The one or more additives may include ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO or BDO), 1,6-hexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, or hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE), or combinations thereof.

[0011] The one or more additives may include one or more di-, tri- or tetra-functional hydroxyl compounds or one or more difunctional amine compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0012] The one or more additives may include one or more difunctional hydroxyl compounds including ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, HQEE, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, or phenyldiethanolamine, or combinations thereof.

[0013] The one or more additives may include one or more trifunctional hydroxyl compounds including glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, or triethanolamine, or combinations thereof.

[0014] The one or more additives may include one or more tetrafunctional hydroxyl compounds including pentaerythritol, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis, (2-hydroxypropyl), or ethylenediamine, or combinations thereof.

[0015] The one or more additives may include one or more difunctional amine compounds including diethyltoluenediamine or dimethylthiotoluenediamine, or both.

[0016] Also provided is a dental surgical retractor comprising a sustainable green polyhydroxyurethane foam sponge formed by mixing a polyamine and a cyclic carbonate with a polyol made from vegetable oil, dimer fatty acid, or fatty acid, or a combination thereof.

[0017] Also provided is a method of making a dental surgical retraction, which may include mixing one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates with one or more polyols, including at least one polyether polyol having a molecular weight of at least 2000.

[0018] The one or more polyols may include polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polybutadiene, polysulfide, castor oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, neem seed oil, vegetable oil, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, or an aqueous sorbitol solution, or combinations thereof.

[0019] The method may involve chemically grafting dispersed styrene acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile, or polyurea (PHD) solids onto a polyether backbone.

[0020] The one or more isocyanates may include 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), or 4,4-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI or hydrogenated MDI), or combinations thereof.

[0021] A dental implant surgical spacer article is also provided. The dental retraction article may include a polymeric foam sponge autoclavable at 250°F and having a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane. The dental retraction article is configured with a size and shape to maintain a volume above the dental implant for bonding the abutment to the dental implant during the osseointegration period.

[0022] The polymeric sponge may include a proximal end opposite the tapered end.

[0023] The polymeric sponge may comprise a weight density ratio of the tapered end to the proximal end of at least 2:1.

[0024] The polymeric sponge may assume a conical or frusto-conical shape.

[0025] The polymeric sponge may comprise a pyramidal or truncated pyramidal shape.

[0026] The endodontic spacer product may include a polymeric foam sponge adapted to temporarily maintain the volume of a created cavity until the volume is ready to be filled with a permanent filling material.

[0027] The polymeric sponge may contain an adsorbed, attached or encapsulated drug dose, or a combination thereof.

[0028] The polymeric sponge may include a proximal end opposite the tapered end.

[0029] The polymeric sponge may comprise a weight density ratio of the tapered end to the proximal end of at least 2:1.

[0030] The polymeric sponge may comprise a cone or frusto-conical shape.

[0031] The polymeric sponge may exhibit a pyramidal or truncated pyramidal shape.

[0032] Polymeric foam sponges may be adapted to protect sensitive or delicate oral tissues from exposure to surgical instruments and the surrounding environment during oral surgery.

[0033] A dental surgical retraction method is also provided which involves placing a polymeric foam sponge at a gingival incision site to retract a gingival flap during oral surgery.

[0034] A dental surgical spacer method is also provided that may include placing a polymeric foam sponge in the space next to an implanted dental implant to maintain the space open for bonding of an abutment to the dental implant after an osseointegration period.

[0035] A method of dental surgical protection is also provided which may include placing a polymeric foam sponge against sensitive or fragile oral tissues as protection from the impact of surgical instruments and exposure to the environment during oral surgery.

[0036] A dental retraction product is also provided, which may include a polymeric foam sponge autoclavable at 250°F and having a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane, and adapted to be inserted into the bone socket cavity for non-adhesive contact with and compression of loose graft material received in the bone socket cavity.

[0037] The polymeric foam sponge may comprise a polyurethane or a polyurethane mixture.

[0038] The polymeric foam sponge may have a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane.

[0039] The polymeric foam sponge may further be adapted to maintain the volume density integrity of the compressed implant material when bodily fluids are removed from the bone socket cavity by suction through the polymeric foam sponge.

[0040] The guided tissue regeneration membrane may be adapted to be disposed between the implant material and the polymeric foam sponge during compression of the implant material by applying non-adhesive contact pressure to the polymeric foam sponge.

[0041] The tissue regeneration membrane may be adapted to remain over the graft material in the socket implant cavity for the osseointegration period.

[0042] A method for dental bone socket implantation is also provided. A defined bone socket cavity is created in a patient's jawbone. After creation of the bone socket cavity, the bone socket cavity is filled with loose graft material. The loose graft material may be compressed within the bone socket cavity by inserting a non-adherent polymeric foam sponge into contact with the loose graft material therein and applying pressure to the polymeric foam sponge. The non-adherent polymeric foam sponge may be autoclavable at 121° C. (250° F.) and may have a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane.

[0043] Creating the bone socket recess may involve cutting or drilling shapes into the tooth or through the gum tissue or into the bone tissue, or a combination thereof.

[0044] Creating the bone socket recess may include removing one or more of caries, carious tissue, excess tissue, microbial organic matter, or inorganic debris, or a combination thereof.

[0045] The method may include suctioning fluid from the bone socket cavity through the sponge.

[0046] Detailed Description of the Embodiments FIG. 1A illustrates a cube having a size, shape and color selected for a particular use and function during oral surgery according to an example embodiment.

[0047] Figure 1B illustrates three cubes having different sizes and shapes selected, optionally cut from a larger cube as illustrated in Figure 1A, each for a specific intended use during oral surgery according to an example embodiment. Several cubes of several types, sizes and configurations are illustrated and described in example embodiments herein.

[0048] In some exemplary embodiments, the cube may be a medicated or non-medicated space maintainer and / or retraction medium (herein referred to as the cube).<QUBE、Qube、qube> The cube may relate to articles provided to human or animal teeth and human or animal dental implants as a granular material (referred to as "granular material"). In an exemplary embodiment, the cube may comprise a synthetic sponge-like material with 1) a specific pore size, 2) autoclavable, 3) stainable, 4) used as a vehicle to carry 1.2% chlorhexidine medication, 5) used as a vehicle to carry calcium hydroxide Ca(OH), 6) used as a vehicle to carry povidone iodine solution, 7) used as a vehicle to carry 2% iodine potassium iodide, or 8) as a vehicle to carry sterile saline. The cube is applied as a filling between appliances of endodontically treated teeth in the access of a cavity cavity to act as a barrier from microbial intrusion in the sulcus space in addition to a mechanism to prevent damage to the surrounding tooth structure when the dentist re-accesses the tooth for a permanent restoration. The cube may also be used as a barrier from microbial intrusion on the inner surface of the crown access of a screw-retained dental implant.

[0049] The cubes can also be used as a retraction medium for gingival flaps during dental surgery. The cube is formed into a specific shape. The cube is doped with barium sulfate and visualized on an X-ray. The cube is inserted into the soft tissue of the gums, compressed, and atraumatically retracts it.

[0050] Figures 2A-2G illustrate examples of cubes used in various roles during oral surgical treatment, including as a dental implant spacer cube in Figure 2A, and as an implantation cube in Figure 2B, as an extra-socket medicinal cube in Figure 2C, and as a tapered internal cube in Figures 2D-2G.

[0051] 2A-2C illustrate multiple examples of each of three different cube types, including an implant cube, a transplant cube, and an in-socket medicated cube, according to example embodiments.

[0052] 2D-2G illustrate several examples of four cube types, including tapered internal cubes, according to example embodiments.

[0053] The tapered shape of the wedge-shaped cube of Fig. 3 makes it convenient to insert into a dental implant space prepared for bonding with an abutment component or into an abutment space prepared for bonding with a crown component during osseointegration of the implant. The wedge shape of Fig. 3 has four long sides and a square or rectangular base. The two long sides are parallel, tapered and / or triangular, and the other two sides are rectangular and form an acute angle at the tapered ends.

[0054] One or both of the long sides of the rectangle may also be tapered or triangular, forming a pyramidal or tetrahedral cube or a truncated pyramid or a truncated tetrahedron or a cone shape, a four or five sided pyramid, or a pentagonal pyramid, a truncated cone, a semi or partial ellipsoid or a truncated ellipsoid. One or more of the long sides of a regular rectangular box, cube or polyhedron may be tapered and spatially compressed at one end.

[0055] The implant cube may be more densely weighted at the tapered end, which may taper to a point or be rounded or have a cut-off top (truncated), with the faces of the tapered end parallel to the wider area base face in a truncated implant cube, which may have a small radius circular end face and a large radius circular end face, or may be a quadrilateral with elongated ends having at least one shorter dimension tapered to a point in one or both face-to-face dimensions.

[0056] 4A-4F illustrate seven types of cubes according to exemplary embodiments. The different cubes have different physical, chemical or biological properties, different functions, different applications, different roles they play in oral surgical applications, different compositions (polymer units or polymer side chains, molecular component monomer units or side chains, monomer units or side groups), different dimensions (millimeters to centimeters) and shapes (sphere, ellipsoid, cube, 4-24 sided polyhedron, wedge-shaped, pyramidal, tetrahedron, tapered polyhedron, truncated polyhedron, ovoid), and may be grouped according to expected, intended or planned applications, functions, or specific uses within multiple oral surgical applications according to exemplary embodiments.

[0057] Other cube types may have different colours or colour distributions, different weights, or different overall weight densities (10kg / m 3 , 15kg / m 3 , 20kg / m 3 , 25kg / m 3 , 30kg / m 3 , 35kg / m 3 , 40kg / m 3 ), or different weight or weight density distributions (20 and 30 kg / m 3), or different porosity, autoclavability (heat: 121°C-149°C [250°F-300°F], 107°C-163°C [225°F-325°F], 93°C-135°C [200°F-275°F], 93°C-138°C [200°F-280°F], 132°C-138°C [270°F-280°F], 135°C-149°C [275°F-300°F], 135°C-163°C [275°F-325°F], pressure: 138kPa-207k Pa [20psi-30psi], 172kPa-241kPa [25-35psi], 172kPa-207kPa [25-30psi], 159kPa-193kPa [23-28psi], 165kPa-186kPa [24-27psi], 193kPa-248kPa [28-36psi], 165kPa-262kPa [24-38psi]), indentation load (IFD) characteristics, cell openness, cell density (15-16 cells / cm, 10-20 cells / cm), medicinal chemistry (calcium hydroxide (CaOH), barium sulfide (BaS), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver nitride (Ag3N), silver nitrate (AgNO3), silver ion (Ag + , silver ion Ag - , 1.2% Chlorhexidine, Povidone-Iodine 2% Iodine Potassium Iodide, Sterile Saline), or Pharma-Biological (sterilizing), drug combination process type (e.g., soaked, coated, encapsulated, embedded, integrated, release rate).

[0058] 5A-5G illustrate a cube placement tool having smooth, blunt appendages for placement of cubes for retraction, spacing, cushioning, bandaging, and protection of gum tissue around bone graft sites, tooth extraction sites, or other oral surgical sites, according to embodiments. The blunt appendages of the cube placement tool may be fixed at one end or movable toward or away from each other. Examples include pliers without sharp edges or a fork with two or more prongs with rounded ends.

[0059] 6A-6F illustrate a cube removal tool having sharp, jagged and / or barbed appendages for removing a cube from an oral surgical retraction site or from a dental implant after oral surgical buffering, bandaging, and / or protecting gum tissue at a bone graft site, tooth extraction site, dental implant site, or other oral surgical site, according to an embodiment. The example cube removal tool may be articulated such that the barbed ends of the two appendages are safely enclosed, sheathed, wrapped, and mated in a "safety-on" position, and actuated and articulated in a "safety-off" position to come out to grasp the cube for removal from the retraction site, space maintenance site, tissue protection side, or from a dental implant site or other oral surgical cube use site.

[0060] 7A-7G illustrate a cube placement and / or removal tool having articulated arms or articulated ends or both to push, manipulate, orient, pinch or hold the cube, respectively, as a cube removal tool, to remove the cube from the oral surgical site.

[0061] The photographs in Figures 8A-8I illustrate certain steps in the process of sequentially achieving complete bonding of a dental implant at the site of an extracted, missing, or decayed tooth. Advantageously, minimal tissue trauma occurs with the use of the cube.

[0062] Further, in certain exemplary embodiments, the use of the cube during oral surgery or during a step or a subset of steps of oral surgery, such as during dental implant surgery, tooth or jaw bone graft surgery, or other oral surgery, including one or more of the retraction uses of one or more cubes. In exemplary embodiments, a dental impression may be made, formed, produced, or positioned to make a dental impression for forming an artificial tooth, growing organic tooth, or tooth implant, or set of teeth, to replace decayed or other teeth, gums, cheeks, lower or lip areas that cause pain, or teeth, or unevenly aligned or missing teeth in the front or back of the mouth, upper or lower jaw, so that an artificial replacement tooth or growing organic replacement dental implant or similar oral composition can be placed in place as desired.

[0063] Exemplary embodiments are provided herein that include one or more oral surgical steps, a sequence of two or more steps, a plurality of steps or a subset of steps, or a complete oral surgical process that includes the use of a cube to retract, maintain space on or within a dental implant, abutment or crown, or provide primary structural integrity support for a tooth, gums, dentin, pulp, root, enamel, cementum, crown, or combinations or components thereof, or to capture, filter, redirect, deposit, or stabilize or control the flow rate, coverage area, or contained volume density of bodily fluids, saliva, blood, mucus, water, partially digested food, or dislodged food particles, or combinations thereof, or to develop the amount or composition thereof during oral surgery.

[0064] In exemplary embodiments, the advantages may further include pain relief, reduced swelling, reduced tearing, scratching, slicing, poking or poking caused by sharp edges or jagged parts of dental instruments, and reduced treatment time and enhanced effectiveness through placement and use of one or more cubes to protect, cushion, deflect, bandage or cover one or more exposed, injured, inflamed or otherwise delicate areas inside a patient's mouth during oral surgery.

[0065] Exemplary embodiments of both surgical and non-surgical dental processes advantageously include a step sequence that includes the use of one or more cubes to provide retraction, space maintenance, cushioning, absorption, softening, flexibility, strength and adhesion without stiffening. The use of the cubes throughout the surgical process, after any of the various oral surgical steps and in various sequences and sequences of oral surgical steps, features selectability of the next step, when to stop, how to provide a first dental medical process and transition to another oral condition in preparation for providing a second dental medical process, while having the ability to continuously, individually, periodically and / or incrementally return to an original position or orientation and / or return, suture or position or orient tissue with distortion or damage not caused by the present retraction method involving the cubes, than conventional retraction cords or other conventional retraction devices or components.

[0066] FIG. 8A includes a photograph showing an incision site reflected in a mirror according to an example embodiment.

[0067] FIG. 8B includes a photograph of a retraction cube inserted under a retraction surgical flap according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0068] FIG. 8C includes a photograph of a cube further inserted under the flap according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0069] FIG. 8D includes a photograph including cubes placed on either side of an incision to retract a surgical flap and expose the underlying bone according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0070] FIG. 8E includes a photograph of a visible cube retracting a flap according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0071] FIG. 8F includes a photograph showing a retraction cube that allows for preparation of the implant site according to an exemplary embodiment and access to the osteotomy for better visibility. In the photograph of FIG. 8F, the floor of the maxillary sinus is visible as a grey circular area in the image. However, due to the use of the cube retraction medium as an advantageous form of retraction during oral surgery, postoperatively the patient has minimal pain, swelling and inflammation. Also, there is a strong unobstructed healing response due to the lack of trauma during surgery.

[0072] FIG. 8G includes a photograph of the retraction cube of FIG. 8F having been removed, according to an example embodiment.

[0073] FIG. 8H includes a photograph of a cube removed from opposite sides of an implant placed below the gum line, according to an example embodiment.

[0074] Figure 8I includes a photograph of a surgical flap sutured closed around a dental implant site according to an exemplary embodiment. In fact, a pair of surgical flaps are seen sutured on opposite sides of a dental implant site that includes an abutment component connected to a dental implant secured to the jawbone of a dental client or orthodontic patient. A dental crown is then connected to the abutment component of the exemplary embodiment shown as a photograph in Figure 8I.

[0075] 9A-9U illustrate photographs of examples of internal cubes and / or dental implant cubes, according to example embodiments.

[0076] 10A-10I include surgical photographs with the cubes in place for use during the performance of various oral surgical steps. In these exemplary embodiments, the cubes exhibit advantageous utility and functionality as a retraction material for which they are clearly suited.

[0077] 10A-10I are photographs showing multiple uses of cubes of different sizes and shapes specifically configured for planned use during one or more scheduled oral surgeries, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIGs. 10A-10H include multiple photographs including one or more cubes in positions to perform a retraction function. Other uses of the cubes include performing a spacer or space maintenance function during oral surgical procedures, including two or more subsets of an entire surgery or full procedure, such as during the connection of a dental implant in a jawbone socket location that may suddenly or gradually become dislodged from a tooth over time, or in a jawbone location that is at risk of decaying if not repaired or extracted from a decayed tooth.

[0078] Two or more subsets of a series of oral surgical steps, processes, actions or improvements may be separated in time in certain exemplary embodiments, such as by a time delay advantageously allowing for sufficient osseointegration of a bone graft within the jawbone socket or socket graft prior to a dental implant treatment, which itself follows a sudden and unexpected tooth loss impaction event, or a long-term, constant incremental caries process, or a regular tooth extraction, or a long aging tooth decay and / or jawbone volume loss event, possibly lasting several years.

[0079] In another exemplary embodiment, the subset of two or more surgical processes may be separated in time to allow sufficient osseointegration of a dental implant inserted into the jawbone socket at a depth below the gingival margin ranging between a shallow implant attachment location through an average implant depth location to a deep implant attachment location well below the gingival margin. In this exemplary embodiment, the second subset of surgical processes may include interfacing in dental implant components that maintain space for attachment of an abutment after sufficient osseointegration of the implant has occurred over time.

[0080] 10A-10H include surgical photographs with the cube in place during the performance of various oral surgical steps. In these embodiments, the cube advantageously exhibits utility and function as a clearly suitable retraction medium.

[0081] 11A-11K show an example embodiment of an example retraction step and an example retraction cube useful in multiple roles during dental implant treatment, including threaded dental implants, according to an example embodiment.

[0082] 12A-12J show an example embodiment of an example retraction step and an example retraction cube useful in multiple roles during dental implant treatment, including cemented dental implants, according to an example embodiment.

[0083] 13A-13G further illustrate exemplary uses and applications of the exemplary cubes. One or more cubes may be used to retract a rubber dam. Similarly, cubes may be used to retract soft tissue. Cubes may be used to protect cheek tissue, tongue tissue, lip tissue, gum tissue, tonsil tissue, and / or tissue in the upper or lower mouth from surgical drills or other surgical instruments. Cubes may also protect oral tissue from ingress of tooth or implant fragments that may have sharp or jagged edges due to being attached, blocked, or distorted.

[0084] 14A-14T are photographs illustrating an exemplary treatment using a retraction cube, according to another embodiment.

[0085] FIG. 15A diagrammatically illustrates a cavity 1512, according to an exemplary embodiment, which may also be a misshapen, mispositioned, misoriented, painful, oversized molar or other undesirable tooth 1512, located between a pair of healthy teeth 1511, 1513, prior to extraction of the cavity 1512 or prior to tooth loss due to impaction, catastrophic or natural cavity loss, or other unintended tooth loss.

[0086] FIG. 15B diagrammatically illustrates the pair of healthy teeth of FIG. 15A after extraction or other loss of the carious tooth 1512, according to an embodiment, leaving a cavity between the healthy teeth 1511, 1513 above the gum line margin 1521 and also extending below the gum line margin 1521 into a socket depression defined in the jawbone region from which the root region of the carious tooth 1512 of FIG. 15A has been removed following incision or retraction of the gingival flaps 1551, 1552 around the carious tooth 1512.

[0087] FIG. 15C diagrammatically shows a tooth with a cavity above the gum line and a socket depression defined below the jawbone through the gum line after the tooth has been extracted and the socket filled or partially filled with graft material, according to an embodiment.

[0088] FIG. 15D1 diagrammatically shows a tooth having a cavity above the gum line and a socket depression defined extending downward into the gum tissue and into the bone tissue, according to an exemplary embodiment, with a cube 1533 placed over the socket filled with graft material as in FIG. 15C to protect and promote osseointegration at the socket graft site, as well as cushion and bandage the gums around the socket for healing.

[0089] FIG. 15D2 diagrammatically illustrates an embodiment of a tooth having a cavity above the gum line and a socket depression defined extending down into the gum tissue and into the bone tissue, with a cube 1534 inserted or partially inserted into the socket partially filled with graft material as in FIG. 15C to protect and promote osseointegration at the socket graft material site, as well as cushion and bandage the gums around the socket for healing.

[0090] FIG. 15E diagrammatically illustrates sutured gingival flaps 1571, 1572 after removal of retraction cubes 1531, 1532 to close the socket graft site where cube 1533 was placed for osseointegration, according to an embodiment.

[0091] FIG. 15F diagrammatically shows a tooth with a cavity after osseointegration, removal of sutures, re-incision and retraction of the gingival flaps 1551, 1552 at the socket graft material site still protected by the blood-absorbed cube 1543 in preparation for dental implant treatment, according to an embodiment.

[0092] FIG. 15G diagrammatically illustrates an osseointegrated socket graft site after removal of blood-absorbed cube 1541 according to an embodiment, immediately prior to connection of a dental implant to the socket graft site according to an embodiment.

[0093] While the invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification and alteration. Accordingly, the description is to be considered as illustrative only.

Claims

1. comprising a polymeric foam sponge that is autoclavable at 250°F and has a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane, and that is sized and shaped to retract a gingival flap during oral surgery; Dental surgical retraction.

2. The polymeric foam sponge includes an elongated shape; 2. The dental surgical retraction product of claim 1.

3. The polymeric foam sponge comprises a cylindrical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a tubular shape, a wedge shape, a prismatic shape, an ovoid shape, a triovoid shape, an egg- or pear-like shape, or a combination thereof; 3. The dental surgical retraction product of claim 2.

4. The polymeric foam sponge comprises polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyolefin, polyamideimide, polymethylpentene (PMP), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), partially reticulated polyether type polyurethane, polyethyl polyurethane, thermoplastic foam, reactive resin foam, polyurethane foam, reaction injection molded plastic foam, flexible foam, thermoplastic polyurethane, mica particle polyurethane, resin particle polyurethane, resin mixed polyurethane, porous polyurethane or polyurethane blend, or a combination thereof; 2. The dental surgical retraction product of claim 1.

5. The polymeric foam sponge comprises a polyurethane mixed with one or more additives that enhance one or more characteristic material properties; 2. The dental surgical retraction product of claim 1.

6. The one or more additives comprise a silicone oil, a silicone surfactant, a polyether, a polyethyl, or molybdenum; 6. A dental surgical retraction device according to claim 5.

7. The one or more additives comprise ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO or BDO), 1,6-hexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, or hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE), or combinations thereof; 6. A dental surgical retraction device according to claim 5.

8. The one or more additives comprise one or more di-, tri- or tetra-functional hydroxyl compounds or one or more di-functional amine compounds, or combinations thereof; 6. A dental surgical retraction device according to claim 5.

9. The one or more additives comprise one or more difunctional hydroxyl compounds including ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, HQEE, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, or phenyldiethanolamine, or combinations thereof; 9. A dental surgical retraction device according to claim 8.

10. The one or more additives comprise one or more trifunctional hydroxyl compounds including glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, or triethanolamine, or combinations thereof; 9. A dental surgical retraction device according to claim 8.

11. The one or more additives comprise one or more tetrafunctional hydroxyl compounds including pentaerythritol, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis, (2-hydroxypropyl), or ethylenediamine, or combinations thereof; 9. A dental surgical retraction device according to claim 8.

12. The one or more additives comprise one or more difunctional amine compounds including diethyltoluenediamine or dimethylthiotoluenediamine, or both; 9. A dental surgical retraction device according to claim 8.

13. A sustainable green polyhydroxyurethane foam sponge formed by mixing polyamines and cyclic carbonates with polyols made from vegetable oils, dimer fatty acids, or fatty acids, or combinations thereof; Dental surgical retraction.

14. comprising mixing one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates with one or more polyols including at least one polyether polyol having a molecular weight of at least 2000; A method for producing a dental surgical retraction.

15. The one or more polyols comprise polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polybutadiene, polysulfide, castor oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, neem seed oil, vegetable oil, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, or an aqueous sorbitol solution, or combinations thereof; The method of claim 14.

16. comprising chemically grafting dispersed styrene acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile, or polyurea (PHD) solids onto a polyether backbone; The method of claim 14.

17. The one or more isocyanates comprise 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), or 4,4-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI or hydrogenated MDI), or combinations thereof; The method of claim 14.

18. a polymeric foam sponge that is autoclavable at 250° F. and has a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane, and is configured in a size and shape to maintain a volume above the dental implant for bonding an abutment to the dental implant during an osseointegration period; Dental implant surgical spacer products.

19. The polymeric sponge has a proximal end opposite a tapered end; 20. The dental implant surgical spacer article of claim 18.

20. said polymeric sponge having a weight density ratio of the tapered end to the proximal end of at least 2:1; 20. The dental implant surgical spacer article of claim 18.

21. The polymeric sponge comprises a conical or frusto-conical shape; 20. The dental implant surgical spacer article of claim 18.

22. The polymeric sponge comprises a pyramidal or truncated pyramidal shape; 20. The dental implant surgical spacer article of claim 18.

23. a polymeric foam sponge adapted to temporarily maintain the volume of a formed cavity until the volume is ready to be filled with a permanent filling material; Endodontic surgery spacer products.

24. the polymeric sponge comprises an adsorbed, attached or encapsulated drug dose, or a combination thereof; 24. An endodontic spacer article according to claim 23.

25. The polymeric sponge has a proximal end opposite a tapered end; 24. An endodontic spacer article according to claim 23.

26. said polymeric sponge having a weight density ratio of the tapered end to the proximal end of at least 2:1; 24. An endodontic spacer article according to claim 23.

27. The polymeric sponge comprises a conical or frusto-conical shape; 24. An endodontic spacer article according to claim 23.

28. The polymeric sponge comprises a pyramidal or truncated pyramidal shape; 24. An endodontic spacer article according to claim 23.

29. comprising a polymeric foam sponge adapted to protect sensitive or fragile oral tissues from exposure to surgical instruments and the surrounding environment during oral surgery; Dental surgery protection.

30. During oral surgery, placing a polymeric foam sponge at the site of the gingival incision to retract the gingival flap; Dental Surgical Retraction Method

31. placing a polymeric foam sponge in the space next to the implanted dental implant to maintain the space open for bonding the abutment to the dental implant after an osseointegration period; Dental Surgical Spacer Method

32. providing placement of a polymeric foam sponge against sensitive or fragile oral tissues as protection from impact with surgical instruments and exposure to the environment during oral surgery; Dental Surgical Protection Method

33. a polymeric foam sponge autoclavable at 250°F (121°C) and having a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane, the polymeric foam sponge adapted to be inserted into the bone socket recess in non-adhesive contact with and compression of loose graft material received in the bone socket recess; Dental supplies.

34. The polymeric foam sponge comprises a polyurethane or polyurethane blend; 34. The dental product of claim 33.

35. The polymeric foam sponge has a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane; 34. The dental product of claim 33.

36. The polymeric foam sponge is further adapted to maintain the volume density integrity of the compressed implant material when bodily fluids are removed from the bone socket cavity by suction through the polymeric foam sponge; 34. The dental product of claim 33.

37. further comprising an induced tissue regeneration membrane disposed between the implant and the polymeric foam sponge during compression of the implant by applying non-adhesive contact pressure to the polymeric foam sponge; 34. The dental product of claim 33.

38. The tissue regeneration membrane is adapted to remain over the implant material in the socket implant cavity for a period of osseointegration; 38. The dental product of claim 37.

39. Creating a defined bone socket recess in the patient's jawbone; filling said bone socket cavity with loose graft material after creation of said bone socket cavity; inserting a non-adhesive polymeric foam sponge into contact with the loose graft material in the bone socket recess and applying pressure to the polymeric foam sponge; The non-adhesive polymeric foam sponge is autoclavable at 121° C. (250° F.) and has a porosity equal to or greater than that of polyurethane; Dental bone socket grafting method.

40. Creating the bone socket depression comprises cutting or drilling a shape into the tooth or through gum tissue or into bone tissue, or a combination thereof; 40. A method for implanting a dental bone socket as claimed in claim 39.

41. creating the bone socket recess comprises removing one or more of caries, carious tissue, excess tissue, microbial organic matter, or inorganic debris, or a combination thereof; 40. A method for implanting a dental bone socket as claimed in claim 39.

42. suctioning fluid from the bone socket recess through the polymeric foam sponge; 40. A method for implanting a dental bone socket as claimed in claim 39.

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