Prefabricated concrete buildings and assembling method therefor

Abstract

To provide a prefabricated concrete building and its assembling method that can be easily and quickly assembled at an installation site, while also ensuring a sufficiently large internal space.SOLUTION: A prefabricated concrete building comprises a main unit 10 located at the midpoint of the front-to-back direction of a main building body 1 and end units 20 located at the front-to-back ends of the main building body 1. The main unit 10 and end units 20 comprise first and second main concrete members 11, 12 and first and second end concrete members 21, 22, which are divided at the approximate center of the vertical direction of the main building body 1. Thus, it is possible to make the height dimension of each of these concrete members sufficiently large within a range that does not exceed height limit of the load when transporting it to an installation location by a transport vehicle S such as a truck, thereby forming the main building body 1 with a living space of sufficient size.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a prefabricated concrete building that is used mainly as a small-scale building such as a temporary house, a multipurpose shelter, a bungalow, a warehouse, a commercial facility, a temporary dwelling, a school, a hospital, an office building, etc., and to an assembly method thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, when an emergency occurs due to a natural disaster (earthquake, tsunami, flood, typhoon, etc.), measures are taken to provide temporary housing as a shelter for disaster victims. However, temporary housing has a simple structure compared to ordinary housing such as detached houses and condominiums, and therefore has the disadvantage of being inferior in durability, fire resistance, sound insulation, and heat insulation. For this reason, temporary housing is not necessarily comfortable for residents, and it often causes inconvenience to the daily lives of disaster victims who live there for a long period of time.

[0003] Therefore, constructing temporary housing using concrete construction would improve durability, fire resistance, and soundproofing; however, concrete construction requires extensive construction work such as foundation work, formwork work, and concrete pouring, and construction costs are high, making it unrealistic to use it as temporary housing.

[0004] In addition, it has been proposed to construct a small dwelling more easily and cheaply than with general concrete building methods by dividing the main body of the building into several concrete components, and manufacturing each concrete component in a factory or the like, and then transporting them to the installation location and assembling them on-site (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-239943 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, in the case of assembling the main body of a building on-site using concrete members manufactured in a factory, etc., as described above, there is a height limit for the cargo of the transport vehicle that transports the concrete members from the factory, etc. to the site, so the size of each concrete member cannot be large, and the height or width of the main body of the building must be small. Therefore, even if a concrete structure has excellent durability and sound insulation, it is not possible to ensure a sufficiently large living space, and comfort is compromised.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide a prefabricated concrete building and an assembly method thereof which allows assembly work at the installation site to be carried out easily and quickly while ensuring a sufficiently spacious interior space. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the prefabricated concrete building of the present invention comprises a main body unit having a top, bottom, and left and right side portions of the building body, and having both front-to-rear end faces opened, the main body unit consisting of a first main body concrete member having a top and upper side portion formed integrally, and a second main body concrete member having a bottom and lower side portion formed integrally, the first and second main body concrete members being joined by butting together the vertical joint end faces of the upper and lower side portions, and the building body is formed by a plurality of main body units or one main body unit joined in the front-to-rear direction by butting together the front-to-rear joint end faces.

[0009] In addition to the above-mentioned configuration, the prefabricated concrete building of the present invention is equipped with an end unit which has an end face, top face, bottom face and left and right side faces in the front-to-rear direction of the building main body, and is open on the other front-to-rear direction side, and the end unit consists of a first end side concrete member having an upper face, upper end face and upper side face formed integrally, and a second end side concrete member having a bottom face, lower end face and lower side face formed integrally, and the first and second end side concrete members are joined to each other by butting together the vertical joint end faces of the upper end face and upper side face and the lower end face and lower side face, and the building main body is formed by joining the end unit to at least one front-to-rear end of a plurality of main body units or to one main body unit which are joined in the front-to-rear direction by butting together their front-to-rear joint end faces.

[0010] As a result, the first and second main body side concrete members, or the first and second main body side concrete members and the first and second end side concrete members, which have been fabricated in advance in a factory or the like, are transported to the installation site and these concrete members are joined on-site to construct the main body of the building. At that time, the main body unit is made of the first and second main body side concrete members divided from each other approximately at the center in the vertical direction of the main body of the building, and the end unit is made of the first and second end side concrete members divided from each other approximately at the center in the vertical direction of the main body of the building, so that when transported to the installation site by a transport vehicle such as a truck, the height dimension of each concrete member can be made sufficiently large within the range that does not exceed the height limit of the cargo. Effect of the Invention

[0011] According to the present invention, the building body can be assembled on-site by joining the concrete members delivered to the installation site, so that the building body of the concrete structure can be easily and quickly installed at the installation site. As a result, when the building body is used as a temporary house, for example, a living space excellent in durability, fire resistance, sound insulation, and heat insulation can be provided to the residents, and the inconvenience in life can be reduced, especially for residents who live there for a long time. In this case, the height dimension of each concrete member can be made sufficiently large, so that the building body assembled on-site can be made about twice the height dimension of the concrete members that can be transported by vehicle, and a building body with a sufficiently large living space can be formed. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] A perspective view of a prefabricated concrete building showing a first embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] Exploded perspective view of the main unit [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of one end unit; [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the other end unit. [Diagram 5] Exploded front view of the main unit [Figure 6] Front view of the main unit [Figure 7] Exploded side view of the main unit [Figure 8] Side view of the main unit [Figure 9] Side view of end unit [Figure 10] Exploded side view of end unit [Figure 11] Exploded side view of male fitting [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing a process of connecting a male joint and a female joint; [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view showing the male and female joints connected together; [Figure 14] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a state in which the first main body side concrete member is being transported; [Figure 15]FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a state in which the second main body concrete member is being transported; [Figure 16] Front view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 17] Front view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 18] Plan view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 19] Plan view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 20] Side view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 21] Side view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 22] Side view showing the assembly process of the building body [Diagram 23] Side view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 24] Side view showing the assembly process of the building body [Diagram 25] Side view showing the assembly process of the building body [Figure 26] FIG. 11 is a side cross-sectional view of a male joint and a female joint showing a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view showing a process of connecting a male joint and a female joint; [Figure 28] FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing the connection state of a male joint and a female joint. [Figure 29] FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing a process of disconnecting a male joint and a female joint; [Diagram 30] FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing a process of disconnecting a male joint and a female joint; [Diagram 31] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional plan view showing a process of connecting a male joint and a female joint according to a third embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 32] FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing the connection state of a male joint and a female joint. [Diagram 33] FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing a process of disconnecting a male joint and a female joint; [Diagram 34] FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing a process of disconnecting a male joint and a female joint; [Diagram 35] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view showing a process of reconnecting a male joint and a female joint; [Diagram 36]FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view showing the male and female joints reconnected. [Figure 37] A side cross-sectional view showing a joint using a bolt and a nut [Figure 38] A side cross-sectional view showing a joint using a bolt and a nut [Figure 39] A side cross-sectional view showing another joint using a bolt and a nut [Diagram 40] A side cross-sectional view showing another joint using a bolt and a nut [Diagram 41] A side view of a prefabricated concrete building showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 42] Front view of a prefabricated concrete building showing the fifth embodiment of the present invention [Diagram 43] Front view of a prefabricated concrete building showing a modified example of the fifth embodiment [Diagram 44] Front view of a prefabricated concrete building showing the sixth embodiment of the present invention [Diagram 45] A side view of a hot water storage tank showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 46] Cross-sectional view of a hot water storage tank using an electric heater, taken along the line AA [Figure 47] Cross-sectional view of a hot water storage tank using a water heater, taken along the line AA DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] 1 to 25 show a first embodiment of the present invention, which is a prefabricated concrete building used as, for example, temporary housing.

[0014] The prefabricated concrete building of this embodiment is formed using at least one main body unit 10 arranged in the middle of the fore-and-aft direction of the building main body 1, and end units 20 arranged at one or both ends of the building main body 1 in the fore-and-aft direction.

[0015] The main body unit 10 has a top surface 10a, a bottom surface 10b, an upper side surface 10c, and a lower side surface 10d, and both front and rear end surfaces are open. The main body unit 10 is composed of a first main body side concrete member 11 in which the top surface 10a and the upper side surface portions 10c on both sides in the width direction are integrally formed, and a second main body side concrete member 12 in which the bottom surface 10b and the lower side surface portions 10d on both sides in the width direction are integrally formed, and the first and second main body side concrete members 11, 12 are each formed of precast concrete. The first and second main body side concrete members 11, 12 are formed so that the upper and lower side surface portions 10c, 10d are divided at approximately the center position in the vertical direction of the main body unit 10, and are joined by butting the vertical end surfaces of the upper and lower side surface portions 10c, 10d against each other.

[0016] The first main body concrete member 11 has an upper surface 10a formed in an arch shape that is convex upward, and straight-wall-shaped upper side surfaces 10c are formed on both sides of the upper surface 10a so as to extend downward. Furthermore, flat surfaces 11a are provided on both ends of the upper surface of the first main body concrete member 11 in the width direction, extending in the front-rear direction along the upper ends of the upper side surfaces 10c.

[0017] The second main body side concrete member 12 has a flat bottom surface 10b, and straight wall-like lower side surface portions 10d extending upward on both widthwise sides of the bottom surface 10b. Also, a stand 13 extending in the front-rear direction is attached to both widthwise ends of the underside of the second end side concrete member 11.

[0018] The end unit 20 has an upper surface portion 20a, a bottom surface portion 20b, an upper side surface portion 20c, a lower side surface portion 20d, an upper end surface portion 20e, and a lower end surface portion 20f, and is open at one end surface in the front-rear direction. The end unit 20 is composed of a first end side concrete member 21 in which the upper surface portion 20a, the upper side surface portions 20c on both sides in the width direction, and the upper end surface portion 20e are integrally formed, and a second end side concrete member 22 in which the bottom surface portion 20b, the lower side surface portions 20d on both sides in the width direction, and the lower end surface portion 20f are integrally formed, and the first and second end side concrete members 21 and 22 are each formed of precast concrete. The first and second end side concrete members 21, 22 are formed so that the upper and lower side surface portions 20c, 20d and the upper and lower end surface portions 20e, 20f are divided at approximately the vertical center position of the end unit 20, and are joined by butting together the vertical end faces of the upper and lower side surface portions 20c, 20d and the upper and lower end surface portions 20e, 20f.

[0019] The first end-side concrete member 21 has an upper surface 20a formed in an arch shape that is convex upward, and straight-wall-shaped upper side surface portions 20c and upper end surface portions 20e are formed on both widthwise sides and end sides of the upper surface 20a so as to extend downward. In addition, flat portions 21a extending in the front-rear direction along the upper end of the upper side surface portions 20c are provided on both widthwise ends of the upper surface of the first end-side concrete member 21.

[0020] The second end side concrete member 22 has a flat bottom surface 20b, and straight wall-like lower side surface portions 20d and lower end surface portions 20f are formed on both widthwise sides and end sides of the bottom surface 20b so as to extend upward. In addition, stands 23 extending in the front-rear direction are attached to both widthwise ends of the lower surface of the second end side concrete member 21.

[0021] The first and second main body side concrete members 11, 12 and the first and second end side concrete members 21, 22 are joined by connecting a male joint 30 arranged on one joint end face with a female joint 40 arranged on the other joint end face. Figures 11 to 13 below show the male joint 30 and female joint 40 provided on the joint end face of the first main body side concrete member 11.

[0022] The male joint 30 consists of a rod-shaped joint member 31 protruding from one joint end surface and an anchor member 32 embedded in the first main body side concrete member 11, and the joint member 31 is attached to one end of the anchor member 32.

[0023] The coupling member 31 has a first large diameter portion 31a formed at the longitudinal tip side, a second large diameter portion 31b formed at the longitudinal center side, a small diameter portion 31c formed between the first large diameter portion 31a and the second large diameter portion 31c, and a male thread portion 31d formed at the longitudinal tip side, and the first and second large diameter portions 31a, 31b are each formed in a tapered shape so as to gradually reduce in diameter toward the tip side.

[0024] Anchor member 32 is made of reinforcing bar such as deformed steel bar extending in a direction perpendicular to the joint end surface, and is embedded in first main body side concrete member 11 so that one end surface is flush with the joint end surface. Furthermore, a screw hole 32a is provided coaxially with anchor member 32 at one end of anchor member 32, and male joint 30 is fixed to anchor member 32 by screwing male threaded portion 31d of male joint 30 into screw hole 32a.

[0025] The female side joint 40 consists of a joint plate 41 arranged on the other joint end surface, a housing 42 that receives the joint member 31 of the male side joint 30, an engaging member 43 that engages with the joint member 31 of the male side joint 30, a pair of anchor plates 44 provided on the back side of the joint plate 41, and anchor members 45 joined to each anchor plate 44, and the part of the joint plate 41 except for its front surface (outer surface side) is embedded in the first main body side concrete member 11.

[0026] The joint plate 41 is provided so that its front surface is flush with the joining end surface, and is provided at its center with an insertion hole 41a through which the joint member 31 is inserted.

[0027] The housing 42 is formed so that one end side covers a part of the back surface of the joint plate 41 including the insertion hole 41a, and the other end side has a smaller diameter than the one end side and is formed so as to extend in the insertion direction of the joint member 32.

[0028] The engaging member 43 is made of a ring-shaped member that can expand and contract in the radial direction, and is biased in the diameter contracting direction by a spring material, etc. In the contracted diameter state, the engaging member 43 has an opening smaller than the first large diameter portion 31a of the coupling member 31, and the opening expands in the radial direction by press-fitting the first large diameter portion 31a, allowing the first large diameter portion 31a to be inserted therethrough.

[0029] Each anchor plate 44 is made of plate-shaped steel material arranged at intervals in the vertical direction on the back side of the joint plate 41, and is joined to the back side of the joint plate 41 by welding or the like so that it is perpendicular to the back side of the joint plate 41.

[0030] Each anchor member 45 is made of a reinforcing bar such as a deformed steel bar extending in a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the joint plate 41, and one end side of the reinforcing bar is joined to the anchor plate 44 by welding or the like.

[0031] In the male joint 30 and female joint 40 configured as described above, when the joint member 31 of the male joint 30 is inserted into the female joint 40 as shown in Fig. 12, the first large diameter portion 31a of the joint member 31 is pressed into the opening of the engaging member 43 as shown in Fig. 13. At that time, the first large diameter portion 31a overcomes the engaging member 43 while pushing and widening the engaging member 43 with the tapered portion on the tip side, and the engaging member 43 engages with the small diameter portion 31c of the joint member 31. As a result, the movement of the joint member 31 in the counter-insertion direction is restricted by the engagement between the first large diameter portion 31a and the engaging member 43, and the male joint 30 and the female joint 40 are joined to each other.

[0032] When assembling the building main body 1 having the above-mentioned structure, an assembling device 50 shown in Figures 18 and 19 is used. Note that these figures show the case where two main body units 10 are joined together.

[0033] The assembly device 50 is composed of a first pressing member 51 arranged at one front-to-rear end of each main unit 10 to be joined, a second pressing member 52 arranged at the other front-to-rear end of each main unit 10, a pair of widthwise connecting members 53 connecting the first and second pressing members 51, 52, a pair of hydraulic cylinders 54 as pressing devices that move the first and second pressing members 51, 52 in directions approaching each other via each connecting member 53, and a pair of load cells 55 that detect the load of each hydraulic cylinder 54.

[0034] The first and second pressing members 51, 52 are made of a steel material extending in the width direction of each main body unit 10, and are formed to be longer than the width dimension of each main body unit 10.

[0035] Each connecting member 53 is made of a rod-shaped steel material arranged on both longitudinal ends of the first and second pressing members 51, 52, with one end slidably penetrating the first pressing member 51 and the other end connected to the second pressing member 51. In this case, the connecting position between each connecting member 53 and the second pressing member 51 can be moved to any position in the longitudinal direction of the connecting member 53.

[0036] Each hydraulic cylinder 54 is fixed coaxially with the connecting member 53 to the back surface of the first pressing member 51 (the surface opposite to the second pressing member 52), and the connecting member 53 is arranged so as to pass through the hydraulic cylinder 54 and the drive rod 54a of the hydraulic cylinder 54.

[0037] One end of each load cell 55 is fixed to a drive rod 54a of a hydraulic cylinder 54, and the other end of the connection member 53 that passes through the load cell 55 is fixed to the other end.

[0038] In the assembly device 50 configured as described above, the first pressing member 51 is moved toward the second pressing member 52 by each hydraulic cylinder 54, so that the main body units 10 are joined by moving in directions approaching each other while being pressed by the first and second pressing members 51, 52, as shown in Fig. 19. At this time, the load of the hydraulic cylinder 54 is detected by each load cell 55, so that the contact between the main body units 10 can be detected by each load cell 55, and the pressing force on each main body unit 10 can be managed so as not to become excessive.

[0039] In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 54 is used as the pressing device, but the pressing device may be configured with a driving device other than a hydraulic cylinder. For example, the first pressing member 51 and the second pressing member 52 may be connected by a well-known chain block, and the first and second pressing members 51, 52 may be pulled toward each other by the chain block, so that the first and second pressing members 51, 52 press each main unit 10.

[0040] In addition, in this embodiment, the load of the hydraulic cylinder 54 is detected by the load cell 55. However, the load cell 55 may not be provided and the contact between the main body units 10 may be visually confirmed.

[0041] 16 to 25, a description will be given of the assembly process of the building main body 1. Here, a case will be shown in which the building main body 1 is assembled using two main body units 10 and two end units 20 arranged at both ends in the front-rear direction of the main body units 10.

[0042] First, the first and second main body side concrete members 11, 12 and the first and second end side concrete members 21, 22, which have been fabricated in advance in a factory or the like, are transported to the installation site by a transport vehicle S such as a truck. At that time, the first and second main body side concrete members 11, 12 and the first and second end side concrete members 21, 22 are formed to a dimension such that the height H from the road surface when loaded on the transport vehicle S does not exceed the height limit (e.g., 3.8 m) set forth in the Road Act, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15. Note that Fig. 14 shows an example in which the first main body side concrete member 11 is loaded, and Fig. 15 shows an example in which the second main body side concrete member 12 is loaded. Note that the joint member 31 of the male joint 30 is attached on-site.

[0043] Next, as shown in Fig. 16, the first main body concrete member 11 suspended by a wire W is lowered from above onto the second main body concrete member 12 by a crane or the like (not shown), and the joint end faces of the first and second main body concrete members 11, 12 are butted together as shown in Fig. 17. At this time, the joint member 31 of the male joint 30 provided on one joint end face of the first and second main body concrete members 11, 12 is pressed into the female joint 40 provided on the other joint end face, and the male joint 30 and the female joint 40 are joined together to join the joint end faces of the first and second main body concrete members 11, 12. In this way, the main body unit 10 is assembled.

[0044] Next, after assembling the two main body units 10 as described above, the main body units 10 are arranged at a distance from each other in the front-rear direction as shown in Figures 18 and 20, and the first and second pressing members 51, 52 of the assembly device 50 are arranged on both sides of each main body unit 10 in the front-rear direction, and the main body units 10 are moved while being pressed in a direction approaching each other by the first and second pressing members 51, 52 as shown in Figures 19 and 21, so that the joint end faces of each main body unit 10 are butted against each other. At this time, the joint member 31 of the male joint 30 provided on one joint end face of each main body unit 10 is pressed into the female joint 40 provided on the other joint end face, and the male joint 30 and the female joint 40 are joined to join the joint end faces of each main body unit 10. In this case, the joint member 31 of the male joint 30, which is disposed on the end face with which the first pressing member 51 comes into contact, is attached after pressing so as not to interfere with the first pressing member 51 during pressing.

[0045] Next, after assembling one end unit 20 by joining the first and second end side concrete members 21, 22 in the vertical direction in the same manner as the main unit 10, the one end unit 20 is disposed at a distance from one end side of the one main unit 10 as shown in FIG. 22, and the first and second pressing members 51, 52 of the assembling device 50 are disposed at one end side of the end unit 20 in the front-rear direction and the other end side of the other main unit 10 in the front-rear direction. At that time, the connecting positions of each connecting member 53 and the second pressing member 51 are adjusted according to the positions of the end unit 20 and each main unit 10. Next, as shown in FIG. 23, the one end unit 20 is moved while being pressed in a direction approaching the one main unit 10 by the first and second pressing members 51, 52, so that the joint end faces of the one end unit 20 and the one main unit 10 are butted against each other. At that time, the joint member 31 of the male joint 30 provided on one of the end units 20 is pressed into the female joint 40 provided on one of the main body units 10, and the male joint 30 and the female joint 40 are joined together to join the joint end faces of the one of the end units 20 and the one of the main body units 10.

[0046] Next, the other end unit 20 is assembled by joining the first and second end side concrete members 21, 22 in the same manner as the one end unit 20, and then the other end unit 20 is arranged at a distance from the other end side of the other main body unit 10 as shown in FIG. 24, and the first and second pressing members 51, 52 of the assembly device 50 are arranged at one end side of the one end unit 20 in the front-rear direction and the other end side of the other end unit 20 in the front-rear direction. At that time, the connecting positions of each connecting member 53 and the second pressing member 51 are adjusted according to the positions of the end unit 20 and each main body unit 10. Next, as shown in FIG. 25, the other end unit 20 is moved while being pressed in a direction approaching the other main body unit 10 by the first and second pressing members 51, 52, so that the joint end faces of the other end unit 20 and the other main body unit 10 are butted against each other. At that time, the joint member 31 of the male joint 30 provided on the other main body unit 10 is pressed into the female joint 40 provided on the other end unit 20, and the male joint 30 and the female joint 40 are coupled to join the joint end faces of the other end unit 20 and the other main body unit 10.

[0047] The building body 1 assembled in the above manner is used, for example, as a temporary house. In this case, although not shown, doors and windows are provided in the building body 1, and the doors and windows are assembled when the precast concrete is manufactured.

[0048] Thus, according to this embodiment, the building includes a main body unit 10 arranged in the middle of the building main body 1 in the fore-and-aft direction, and an end unit 20 arranged at an end of the building main body 1 in the fore-and-aft direction. The main body unit 10 is formed by joining together the first main body side concrete member 11 that forms the upper side of the main body unit 10 and the second main body side concrete member 12 that forms the lower side of the main body unit 10, and the end unit 20 is formed by joining together the first end side concrete member 21 that forms the upper side of the end unit 20 and the second end side concrete member 22 that forms the lower side of the end unit 20. The building main body 1 is formed by joining the main body unit 10 and the end unit 20 to each other. Therefore, the first and second main body side concrete members 11, 12 and the first and second end side concrete members 21, 22 that have been fabricated in advance in a factory or the like can be transported to the installation site and the building main body 1 can be assembled on-site, and the building main body 1 of concrete structure can be easily and quickly installed at the installation site. As a result, for example, when the building body 1 is used as temporary housing, a living space with excellent durability, fire resistance, sound insulation, and heat insulation can be provided to the residents, and disruption to daily life can be reduced, particularly for residents who live there for a long period of time.

[0049] Furthermore, since the main body unit 10 and the end unit 20 are composed of the first and second main body side concrete members 11, 12 and the first and second end side concrete members 21, 22, which are divided from each other approximately at the center in the vertical direction of the building main body 1, the height dimension of each of these concrete members can be made sufficiently large as long as it does not exceed the height limit of the cargo when transported to the installation site by a transport vehicle S such as a truck. This allows the building main body 1 assembled on site to have a height dimension approximately twice that of the concrete members that can be transported by vehicle, making it possible to form a building main body 1 with a sufficiently large living space.

[0050] Furthermore, it is provided with a male joint 30 arranged on one of the joining end faces and a female joint 40 arranged on the other of the joining end faces, the male joint 30 having a joint member 32 inserted into the female joint 40, and the female joint 40 having an engagement member 43 that restricts movement of the joint member 32 in the anti-insertion direction by engaging with the joint member 32 inserted into the female joint 40, so that joining can be completed simply by inserting the joint member 32 of the male joint 30 into the female joint 40. This makes it possible to perform joining work extremely easily without requiring manual tightening of bolts and nuts.

[0051] In this case, multiple main units 10 or the main units 10 and the end units 20 are arranged at installation locations on the building body 1 with intervals between them in the fore-and-aft direction of the building body 1, and then the assembly device 50 moves each main unit 10 or the main unit 10 and the end unit 20 while pressing them in a direction toward each other, and the joint end faces are butted together to join each joint 30, 40.This makes it easy to join the main units 10 and the end units 20, which are heavy objects, and allows efficient assembly work on site.

[0052] The building body 1 of the embodiment can be used for a wide variety of purposes, such as toilets, warehouses, machine rooms, power rooms, sauna rooms, dining rooms, etc., in addition to living rooms, and can be combined in any way to configure a facility equipped with the necessary functions. In addition, if solar panels are installed on the top surface of the building body 1, it will be possible to supply electricity by solar power generation.

[0053] 26 to 30 show a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a male joint of a different configuration is used instead of the male joint 30. Note that the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0054] The male side joint 60 of this embodiment consists of a joint plate 61 embedded in one of the joint end faces, a rod-shaped joint member 62 protruding from the outer surface side of the joint plate 61, a pair of anchor plates 63 provided on the back side of the joint plate 61, and anchor members 64 joined to each anchor plate 63, and the part of the joint plate 61 except for its front surface (outer surface side) is embedded in the first main body side concrete member 11.

[0055] The joint plate 61 is provided so that its front surface is flush with the joint end surface of the first main body side concrete member 11, and has an insertion hole 61a in its center through which the base end side of the joint member 62 is inserted.

[0056] The joint member 62 has a first large diameter portion 62a formed at the tip side in the longitudinal direction, a second large diameter portion 62b formed at the center side in the longitudinal direction, a small diameter portion 62c formed between the first large diameter portion 62a and the second large diameter portion 62c, and a male thread portion 62d formed at the tip side in the longitudinal direction, and the first and second large diameter portions 62a, 62b are each formed in a tapered shape so that the diameter gradually decreases toward the tip side. The male thread portion 62d of the joint member 62 is inserted into the insertion hole 61a of the joint plate 61, and the joint member 62 is fastened to the joint plate 61 by a nut 62e screwed onto the male thread portion 62d.

[0057] Each anchor plate 63 is made of plate-shaped steel material arranged at intervals in the vertical direction on the back side of the joint plate 61, and is joined to the back side of the joint plate 61 by welding or the like so that it is perpendicular to the back side of the joint plate 61.

[0058] Each anchor member 64 is made of a reinforcing bar such as a deformed steel bar extending in a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the joint plate 61, and one end side is joined to the anchor plate 63 by welding or the like.

[0059] In addition, a bolt box 65 is provided on the back side of the joint plate 61 for attaching and detaching the nut 62e to the joint member 62. The bolt box 65 is a rectangular recessed space with one side open to the outer surface of the first main body side concrete member 11, and is formed by punching out concrete. Note that the bolt box 65 may be formed from a box-shaped steel material embedded in concrete, for example, when it is close to the anchor member 64, when there is a concern about water intrusion, or when it is not possible to secure space for the concrete punching.

[0060] Similar to the female joint 40 of the first embodiment, the female joint 40 comprises a joint plate 41 arranged on the other joint end face, a housing 42 that receives the joint member 62 of the male joint 60, an engagement member 43 that engages with the joint member 62 of the male joint 60, a pair of anchor plates 44 provided on the back side of the joint plate 41, and anchor members 45 joined to each anchor plate 44, and the portion of the joint plate 41 excluding its front face (outer face side) is embedded in the first main body side concrete member 11. Note that the configuration of each of these members is the same as that of the female joint 40 of the first embodiment, and therefore detailed explanations will be omitted.

[0061] In this embodiment, when the coupling member 62 of the male joint 60 is inserted into the female joint 40 as shown in Fig. 27, the first large diameter portion 62a of the coupling member 62 is pressed into the opening of the engaging member 43 as shown in Fig. 28. At that time, the first large diameter portion 62a overcomes the engaging member 43 while pushing and widening the engaging member 43 with the tapered portion on the tip side, and the engaging member 43 engages with the small diameter portion 62c of the coupling member 62. As a result, the movement of the coupling member 62 in the direction opposite to the insertion direction is restricted by the engagement between the first large diameter portion 62a and the engaging member 43, and the male joint 60 and the female joint 40 are locked to each other. As a result, as in the first embodiment, the joining is completed simply by inserting the male joint 60 into the female joint 40, so that the joining end surfaces can be easily joined.

[0062] In addition, when the building body 1 is no longer needed, the connections between the concrete members 11, 12, 21, and 22 can be released to dismantle the building body 1, and each concrete member can be transported from the installation site in a transport vehicle S, just as when it was delivered.

[0063] At that time, by removing the nut 62e from the male threaded portion 62d of the coupling member 62 inside the bolt box 65 of the male coupling 60 as shown in FIG. 29, the connection between the male coupling 60 and the female coupling 40 is released, and one joint end surface and the other joint end surface can be separated while leaving the coupling member 62 inside the female coupling 40 as shown in FIG. 30.

[0064] As a result, the building main body 1 can be dismantled simply by removing the nuts 62e, making the dismantling extremely easy. When reusing the concrete members 11, 12, 21, 22, for example when relocating the building main body 1 to another location, the male joint 60 and the female joint 40 can be reused by, for example, radially expanding the engaging member 43 of the female joint 40 using a dedicated tool or the like to remove the joint member 62, and then reattaching the joint member 62 to the male joint 60.

[0065] 31 to 36 show a third embodiment of the present invention, in which a female joint having a different configuration is used instead of the female joint 40. Note that the same components as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0066] Similar to the female joint 40 of the second embodiment, the female joint 70 of this embodiment comprises a joint plate 71 arranged on the other joint end face, a housing 72 that receives the joint member 62 of the male joint 60, an engagement member 73 that engages with the joint member 62 of the male joint 60, a pair of anchor plates 74 provided on the back side of the joint plate 71, and anchor members 75 joined to each anchor plate 74, and the portion of the joint plate 71 excluding its front surface (outer surface side) is embedded in the first main body concrete member 11. Note that the configurations of these members, other than the housing 72, are the same as those of the female joint 40 of the second embodiment, and therefore detailed explanations will be omitted.

[0067] The housing 72 has a portion that receives the coupling member 62 that is axially longer than the housing 42 of the second embodiment, and has a length that can receive not only the coupling member 62 that engages with the engaging member 73, but also the coupling member 62 of another engaging member 73.

[0068] In this embodiment, when the coupling member 62 of the male joint 60 is inserted into the female joint 70 as shown in Fig. 31, the first large diameter portion 62a of the coupling member 62 is pressed into the opening of the engagement member 73 as shown in Fig. 32. At that time, the first large diameter portion 62a overcomes the engagement member 73 while pushing and widening the engagement member 73 with the tapered portion on the tip side, and the engagement member 73 engages with the small diameter portion 62c of the coupling member 62. As a result, the movement of the coupling member 62 in the direction opposite to the insertion direction is restricted by the engagement between the first large diameter portion 62a and the engagement member 73, and the male joint 60 and the female joint 40 are joined to each other. As a result, as in the first embodiment, the joining is completed simply by inserting the male joint 60 into the female joint 70, so that the joining end faces can be easily joined.

[0069] Furthermore, when releasing the connections between the concrete members (the first main body side concrete member 11 in Figures 33 to 36) during demolition of the building main body 1, the nut 62e is removed from the male threaded portion 62d of the coupling member 62 inside the bolt box 63f of the male side coupling 60 as shown in Figure 33, whereby the connection between the male side coupling 60 and the female side coupling 70 is released as shown in Figure 34, and one joint end face can be separated from the other joint end face while leaving the coupling member 62 in the female side coupling 40.

[0070] Furthermore, when assembling the building body 1 by reusing each concrete member, a new joint member 62 is attached to the male joint 60 on one joint end surface of the first main body-side concrete member 11 as shown in Fig. 35, and the joint member 62 of the male joint 60 is inserted into the female joint 70 as shown in Fig. 36. At this time, the existing joint member 62 remains inserted in the female joint 70, but when the base end of the existing joint member 62 is pressed with the tip of the new joint member 62, the second large diameter portion 62b of the existing joint member 62 overcomes the engaging member 73 while pushing and widening the engaging member 73 with the tapered portion on the tip side, and the new joint member 62 engages with the engaging member 73 while pushing the existing joint member 62 deep inside the housing 72. This allows the male joint 60 to be reconnected to the female joint 70 without removing the existing joint member 62 from the female joint 70, and the building body 1 can be efficiently assembled at the reuse destination.

[0071] In the above embodiment, the concrete members 11, 12, 21, 22 are joined using so-called one-pass joints consisting of the male joints 30, 60 and the female joints 40, 70, but they may be joined using joints consisting of bolts and nuts. Also, by using one-pass joints for some joints and joints consisting of bolts and nuts for other joints, first, temporary joining with one-pass joints is performed, and then other parts are joined with bolts and nuts.

[0072] An example of a joint consisting of bolts and nuts is joint 80 shown in Figures 37 and 38, which consists of a joint plate 81 embedded in the joint end surface of each concrete member (the first main body side concrete member 11 in Figures 37 and 38), a pair of anchor plates 82 provided on the back side of joint plate 81, and anchor members 83 joined to each anchor plate 82, with the part of joint plate 81 except for its front surface (outer surface side) being embedded in the first main body side concrete member 11, and a bolt box 84 with one side opening to the outer surface of the first main body side concrete member 11 being provided on the back side of joint plate 81.

[0073] In this case, joints 80 are provided on both joint end surfaces of each main body side concrete member 11, and the joint end surfaces are joined by fastening each joint plate 81 with a bolt 85 and a nut 86 that pass through the insertion hole 81a provided in each joint plate 81.

[0074] Also, as shown in Figures 39 and 40, a joint 80 may be provided on the joint end surface of one of the main body side concrete members 11, and an anchor member 87 made of reinforcing bar such as a deformed steel bar may be embedded in the other main body side concrete member 11, and a bolt 84 passing through a joint plate 81 of the joint 80 may be screwed into a screw hole 86a provided on one end surface of the anchor member 87 to fasten the joint plate 81 to the anchor member 87, thereby joining the joint end surfaces.

[0075] FIG. 41 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals.

[0076] The building body 1 of this embodiment is composed of four main body units 10 joined in the fore-and-aft direction and a pair of end units 20 joined to both ends of each main body unit 10, and the building body 1 is provided with a plurality of tendons 2 that apply prestress in the fore-and-aft direction.

[0077] The tendons 2 are made of steel materials such as steel bars or twisted wires extending in the front-rear direction, and are provided so as to penetrate the building body 1 from one end side to the other end side in the front-rear direction. It is also possible to use highly corrosion-resistant fibers such as aramid fiber or carbon fiber for the tendons 2. For prestressing the tendons 2, for example, a post-tensioning method is used, and the tendons 2 are provided at two locations in the width direction on each of the upper and lower ends of the building body 1. It is also possible to use a pretensioning method for prestressing the tendons 2, and the locations of the tendons 2 are not limited to this embodiment, and they may be provided at one location or multiple locations in the width direction on either the upper end side or the lower end side of the building body 1.

[0078] In this embodiment, the building body 1 formed by joining each main unit 10 and each end unit 20 is provided with tension members 2 that apply prestress in the forward / rearward direction. Therefore, even if the number of main units 10 is increased, the strength of the building body 1 can be maintained sufficiently, and the durability of even a large building body 1 can be increased.

[0079] In the above embodiment, the tension members 2 are provided at two locations in the width direction on the upper and lower ends of the building main body 1, but the tension members 2 may be provided only on the upper or lower end of the building main body 1.

[0080] FIG. 42 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals.

[0081] The building of this embodiment is composed of two building bodies 1 arranged one above the other, and the building bodies 1 are provided with a plurality of tendons 3 that apply prestress in the vertical direction.

[0082] Between each of the building bodies 1, a pair of support members 4 in the width direction are provided to support the upper building body 1 at a distance from the lower building body 1 in the vertical direction, and the support members 4 are placed on each of the flat portions 11a of the lower building body 1. The support members 4 are made of molded concrete, steel, resin, or other materials with high compressive strength in the vertical direction.

[0083] The tendons 3 are made of the same materials as those in the fourth embodiment, and are arranged to penetrate each building body 1 and support members 4 from one end side to the other end side in the vertical direction of each building body 1. In this case, the lower end side of the tendons 3 is buried in the ground. As in the fourth embodiment, a post-tensioning method is used for prestressing the tendons 3, and the tendons 3 are arranged at two locations in the width direction of each building body 1, and also at multiple locations in the front-to-rear direction, although this is not shown.

[0084] In this embodiment, two building bodies 1 are arranged one above the other, so that a two-story building can be constructed. Even if there is limited space for installation, the number of building bodies 1 can be increased, thereby expanding the living space.

[0085] In this case, each building body 1 is provided with tension members 3 that apply prestress in the vertical direction, so that lateral stability can be increased even when the building bodies 1 are stacked one on top of the other, and even a two-story building can maintain sufficient strength against shaking caused by earthquakes, etc.

[0086] In the above embodiment, a pair of support members 4 is placed between each building body 1, one on each widthwise end of the building body 1. However, as shown in FIG. 43, a support member 5 made of concrete, steel, resin, etc., formed to fill the space between each building body 1 may also be used.

[0087] FIG. 44 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention, in which the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals.

[0088] The building of this embodiment is three-story and is composed of building bodies 1 arranged in threes in the left-right and up-down directions, a number of beams 6 supporting the building bodies 1 in each row in the up-down direction, and a pair of left and right pillars 7 supporting each beam 6.

[0089] Each beam 6 is made of a steel material extending horizontally, and each of the building bodies 1 arranged in the left-right direction is placed so that their sides contact each other. In addition, a beam 6 is also arranged above each of the building bodies 1 on the top floor.

[0090] Each pillar 7 is made of steel extending in the vertical direction and is disposed so as to contact the side surface of each of the building bodies 1 arranged in the horizontal direction. The lower end of each pillar 7 is supported by an underground foundation 7a, and both ends of each beam 6 are joined to each pillar 7.

[0091] In this embodiment, three building bodies 1 are arranged in the left-right and top-bottom directions, making it possible to construct a three-story building with three rooms on each floor, and thus enabling the construction of large-scale buildings such as apartment buildings and commercial facilities.

[0092] In this case, each building body 1 is supported by a steel structure consisting of multiple beams 6 and pillars 7, so even if multiple building bodies 1 arranged in the left-right direction are stacked vertically, stability in the lateral direction can be increased, and even buildings with three or more floors can maintain sufficient strength against shaking from earthquakes, etc.

[0093] Furthermore, the number of main units 10 in the front-to-back direction, the number of main units 10 in the left-to-right direction of the building main body 1, and the number of main units 10 in the up-to-down direction of the building main body 1 shown in each of the above embodiments are merely examples, and it is also possible to construct a building having a number of main units 10 and building main bodies 1 other than those shown in the above embodiments.

[0094] 45 to 47 show a seventh embodiment of the present invention, in which the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0095] The building of this embodiment has a hot water storage tank 90 formed by a second main body side concrete member 12 and a pair of second end side concrete members 22 joined to both ends of the second main body side concrete member 12.

[0096] The inside of the hot water storage tank 90 is waterproofed with a waterproof layer 91, which is formed of, for example, water-impermeable waterproof cement. A drain outlet 92 is provided in the bottom portion 10b of the hot water storage tank 90, and a grating 93 is provided inside the hot water storage tank 90.

[0097] The hot water storage tank 90 is installed as an attachment to the building body 1, and by putting cold or warm water into it and storing it, bathing and the like can be performed. In this case, the water in the hot water storage tank 90 may be heated by an electric heater 95 driven by an external power source 94 as shown in Fig. 46, or hot water generated by a well-known water heater 96 may be supplied to the hot water storage tank 90 as shown in Fig. 47.

[0098] In this manner, in this embodiment, the second main body side concrete member 12 and the second end side concrete member 22 used as constituent members of the building main body 1 are reused to form a hot water storage tank 90 with an open top. Therefore, a hot water storage tank 90 that can be used as a bath or swimming pool can be manufactured on site using members for the building main body 1, separate from the building main body 1 as a residence, and a residential facility where bathing and swimming are possible can be provided.

[0099] It should be noted that each of the above-described embodiments is merely an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. In addition to temporary housing, the present invention can be applied to various buildings such as multipurpose shelters, bungalows, warehouses, commercial facilities, temporary dwellings, schools, hospitals, and office buildings. [Explanation of symbols]

[0100] Reference Signs List: 1...building body, 2, 3...tension members, 6...beams, 7...pillars, 10...main body unit, 11...first main body side concrete member, 12...second main body side concrete member, 20...end unit, 21...first end side concrete member, 22...second main body side concrete member, 30...male side joint, 31...joint member, 40...female side joint, 43...engaging member, 50...assembly device, 60...male side joint, 62...joint member, 70...female side joint, 73...engaging member, 90...hot water storage tank.

Claims

1. A main body unit has a top surface, a bottom surface, and left and right side surfaces of a building body, and both end surfaces in the front and rear direction are open; The main body unit is composed of a first main body concrete member having a top surface portion and an upper side surface portion integrally formed therewith, and a second main body concrete member having a bottom surface portion and a lower side surface portion integrally formed therewith, and the first and second main body concrete members are joined by butting the vertical joint end faces of the upper and lower side surfaces together, The building body is formed by a plurality of main body units or one main body unit joined in the front-rear direction by butting the front-rear joint end faces of each other. A prefabricated concrete building characterized by:

2. The building body includes an end unit having an end surface portion, a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and left and right side surfaces in a front-rear direction, and an end unit having an opening on the other front-rear direction surface, The end unit comprises a first end side concrete member having an upper surface portion, an upper end surface portion and an upper side surface portion integrally formed therewith, and a second end side concrete member having a bottom surface portion, a lower end surface portion and a lower side surface portion integrally formed therewith, the first and second end side concrete members being joined to each other by butting together the vertical joint end faces of the upper end surface portion and upper side surface portion and the lower end surface portion and lower side surface portion; A building body is formed by joining an end unit to at least one end in the front-rear direction of a plurality of main body units joined in the front-rear direction by butting their joint end faces in the front-rear direction together or to a single main body unit.

2. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 1.

3. The building body is provided with a tension member that applies prestress in the front-rear direction.

3. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The building body is arranged in a vertical direction.

3. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The building body is provided with a tension member that applies prestress in the vertical direction.

5. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 4.

6. The building body is arranged in a left-right direction.

3. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 1 or 2.

7. A plurality of the building bodies are arranged in the left-right direction and the up-down direction, A plurality of beams supporting the building body in each row in the vertical direction; and a support for supporting each beam.

3. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 1 or 2.

8. The hot water storage tank is formed by the second main body side concrete member and a pair of second end side concrete members joined to both ends of the second main body side concrete member, and the inner surface is waterproofed.

3. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 2.

9. a male joint disposed on one of the joint end faces, and a female joint disposed on the other of the joint end faces, to which the male joint is coupled; The male joint has a joint member that is inserted into the female joint, The female joint has an engagement member that engages with the joint member inserted into the female joint to restrict movement of the joint member in the direction opposite to the insertion direction.

3. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 1 or 2.

10. The male joint is configured so that the joint members can be separated in a coupled state in which the joint member is inserted into the female joint.

10. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 9.

11. The male joint is configured so that an existing joint member that has been separated from the male joint and inserted into the female joint is pushed into the back of the female joint by a joint member newly attached to the male joint, while a new joint member is inserted into the female joint and engaged with the engaging member.

11. The prefabricated concrete building according to claim 10.

12. In the method for assembling the prefabricated concrete building according to claim 9, After arranging a plurality of main body units or a main body unit and an end unit at installation locations of the building body at intervals in the front-rear direction of the building body, The joints are joined by moving the main body units or the main body unit and the end unit in a direction approaching each other while pressing them with a pressing device, so that the joining end faces are butted against each other. A method for assembling a prefabricated concrete building.

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