Medical fluid therapy machine including readily accessible pneumatic manifold and valves therefor

Abstract

To provide a medical fluid therapy machine including a preferable and readily accessible pneumatic manifold and valves therefor.SOLUTION: A connection apparatus for sealing a pathway of a mounting structure includes a body; and a port including a threaded portion extending from the body and a non-threaded portion extending from the threaded portion, the non-threaded portion carrying a gasket, the gasket positioned along the non-threaded portion such that the mounting structure to which the connection apparatus is mounted contacts the gasket prior to the threaded portion engaging a mating threaded portion of the mounting structure, the port providing fluid communication between the body and the pathway of the mounting structure. The body may be that of a valve that supplies any of air, water or oil as an operating fluid to, for example, inlet and outlet valves and a pump chamber of a medical fluid pump of a medical fluid delivery machine.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9B

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15 / 336,247, filed Oct. 27, 2016, and entitled “Medical Fluid Therapy Machine Including Readily Accessible Pneumatic Manifold and Valves Therefore,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates generally to devices, systems, and methods for medical fluid delivery machines, and more particularly, to medical fluid delivery machines, such as renal failure treatment machines, that employ pneumatic pumping. [Background technology]

[0003] Regarding renal failure treatment, due to various causes, a person's renal system can fail. Renal failure results in several physiological derangements. It is no longer possible to balance fluid and minerals or excrete the daily metabolic load. Toxic end products of nitrogen metabolism (urea, creatinine, uric acid, and others) can accumulate in the blood and tissues.

[0004] Kidney failure and reduced kidney function are treated with dialysis, which removes waste products, toxins, and excess water from the body that normally functioning kidneys would otherwise remove. Dialysis treatment for replacement of kidney function is important to many people because the treatment is life-saving.

[0005] One type of kidney failure treatment is hemodialysis ("HD"), which generally uses diffusion to remove waste products from a patient's blood. A diffusion gradient occurs across a semi-permeable dialyzer between the blood and an electrolyte solution called the dialysate or dialysis fluid to cause diffusion.

[0006] Hemofiltration ("HF") is an alternative renal replacement therapy that relies on the convective transport of toxins from the patient's blood. HF is accomplished by adding replacement or replacement fluid (typically 10-90 liters of such fluid) to the extracorporeal circuit during the procedure. The replacement fluid and the fluid accumulated by the patient during the procedure are ultrafiltered over the course of the HF procedure, providing a convective transport mechanism that is particularly beneficial in removing medium and large molecules (in hemodialysis, small amounts of waste products are removed along with the fluid gained during the dialysis session; however, the solute drag from the removal of that ultrafiltrate is not sufficient to provide convective clearance).

[0007] Hemodiafiltration ("HDF") is a treatment modality that combines convective and diffusive clearance. HDF uses dialysis fluid flowing through a dialyzer, similar to standard hemodialysis, to provide diffusive clearance. In addition, replacement fluid is provided directly to the extracorporeal circuit to provide convective clearance.

[0008] Most HD (HF, HDF) treatments are performed in centers. A trend toward home hemodialysis ("HHD") exists today, in part because HHD can be performed daily, offering therapeutic benefits over in-center hemodialysis treatments, which are typically performed two or three times a week. Studies have shown that frequent treatments remove more toxins and waste products than patients who receive less frequent, but perhaps longer, treatments. Patients who receive more frequent treatments do not suffer as many down cycles as in-center patients who have accumulated two or three days' worth of toxins prior to treatment. In some areas, the nearest dialysis center may be many miles away from the patient's home, with door-to-door treatment times consuming a large portion of the day. HHD may be performed overnight or during the day while the patient is relaxing, working, or otherwise productive.

[0009] Another type of kidney failure treatment is peritoneal dialysis, which infuses a dialysate, also called dialysis fluid, into the patient's peritoneal cavity via a catheter. The dialysis fluid contacts the peritoneal membrane of the peritoneal cavity. Waste, toxins, and excess water pass from the patient's bloodstream, through the peritoneal membrane, and into the dialysis fluid due to diffusion and osmosis, i.e., an osmotic gradient occurs across the membrane. An osmotic agent in the dialysis provides the osmotic gradient. The used or spent dialysis fluid is drained from the patient, removing the waste, toxins, and excess water from the patient. This cycle is repeated, for example, multiple times.

[0010] There are various types of peritoneal dialysis therapies, including continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ("CAPD"), automated peritoneal dialysis ("APD"), and tidal flow dialysis, and continuous flow peritoneal dialysis ("CFPD"). CAPD is a manual dialysis procedure. Here, the patient manually connects an implanted catheter to a drain to allow used or spent dialysate fluid to drain from the peritoneal cavity. The patient then connects the catheter to a bag of fresh dialysis fluid to infuse fresh dialysis fluid into the patient through the catheter. The patient disconnects the catheter from the fresh dialysis fluid bag and allows the dialysis fluid to dwell in the peritoneal cavity, and transfer of waste, toxins, and excess water occurs. After a dwell cycle, the patient repeats the manual dialysis procedure, for example, four times per day, with each procedure lasting about an hour. Manual peritoneal dialysis requires a significant amount of time and effort from the patient and is subject to improvement.

[0011] Automated peritoneal dialysis ("APD") is similar to CAPD in that the dialysis treatment includes drain, fill, and dwell cycles. However, APD machines typically perform the cycles automatically while the patient sleeps. APD machines relieve the patient from having to manually perform treatment cycles and from the need to transport supplies during the day. APD machines fluidly connect to an implanted catheter, to a source or bag of fresh dialysis fluid, and to a fluid drain. The APD machine pumps fresh dialysis fluid from the dialysis fluid source, through the catheter, and into the patient's peritoneal cavity. APD machines also allow the dialysis fluid to dwell within the cavity, allowing transfer of waste, toxins, and excess water to occur. The source may include multiple sterile dialysis fluid solution bags.

[0012] APD machines pump used or spent dialysate from the peritoneal cavity, through the catheter, and to a drain. As with the manual process, several drain, fill, and dwell cycles occur during dialysis. A "last fill" occurs at the end of APD and remains in the patient's peritoneal cavity until the next treatment.

[0013] Any of the above machine-implemented modalities may employ pneumatic pumping, which typically involves application of positive and / or negative air pressure to a pumping membrane or diaphragm and associated valve membrane or diaphragm. Positive pressure may be provided via a compressor feeding a positive pressure tank or accumulator. Negative pressure may be provided via a vacuum pump feeding a negative pressure tank or accumulator.

[0014] The positive and negative pressure tanks are separated from the pumping and valve membranes via pneumatic valves, which are generally electrically actuated pneumatic valves. The pneumatic valves may be binary or on / off solenoid valves, which are spring closed and can be electrically opened by energizing a winding of the solenoid. The pneumatic valves may alternatively be variable orifice valves, which open or close in an analog fashion based on the amount of electrical energy delivered to the valve.

[0015] Pneumatic valves operate in conjunction with air passageways. It is important to first seal the valve around the passageway so that air does not leak into or out of the passageway from or to the atmosphere. However, when sealing the valve around the passageway, care should be taken to ensure that material from the valve or from the valve's mounting does not fall or otherwise get into the passageway, which could adversely affect the operation of the valve and / or cause damage.

[0016] Additionally, pneumatic valves may wear out or require replacement over time, for example, due to a maintenance schedule. Typically, the goal is to have a compact machine, but the valves should be easily accessible so that they can be individually removed and replaced as needed. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0017] In one main embodiment, a connection device is provided. The connection device is formed with a body. The body may be of any type of fluid control component, including, but not limited to, a variable orifice valve body, a binary valve body, a pressure gauge body, a pressure regulator body, a flow meter body, a filter body, piping, tubing, and / or associated fittings. The fluid may be any type of working fluid, including air, a liquid such as water, hydraulic, or oil. In each case, the connection device prevents the introduction of particulates during installation of the connection device and associated body to a mounting structure, such as a pneumatic manifold.

[0018] The connection device in an embodiment includes a port having a threaded portion extending from the body and a non-threaded portion (e.g., smooth) extending from the threaded portion. The non-threaded portion carries a gasket, such as an O-ring gasket, positioned along the non-threaded portion such that a mounting structure to which the connection device is mounted contacts the gasket prior to the threaded portion engaging a mating threaded portion of the mounting structure. The threaded connection is thereby sealed from the fluid path prior to the connection being made. Any chips or debris that become loose due to threading of the connection device to the mounting structure are thereby trapped by the O-ring and do not fall into the fluid path. The port then allows fluid communication between the fluid path and the body.

[0019] The above connection devices and others disclosed herein may be used in conjunction with pneumatic manifolds for medical fluid processing, such as, for example, plasma exchange, hemodialysis ("HD"), hemofiltration ("HF"), hemodiafiltration ("HDF"), and continuous renal replacement therapy ("CRRT") procedures. The devices, manifolds, systems, and methods described herein are also applicable to peritoneal dialysis ("PD") and intravenous drug delivery. These modalities may be referred to herein collectively or substantially individually as medical fluid delivery.

[0020] Additionally, each of the devices, systems, and methods described herein may be used in conjunction with clinical or home-based machines. For example, the system may be employed in an in-center HD, HF, or HDF machine that runs throughout the day. Alternatively, the system may be used in conjunction with a home HD, HF, or HDF machine that is operated at the patient's convenience. One such home system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,029,454 ("the '454 patent"), issued on October 4, 2011, entitled "High Convection Home Hemodialysis / Hemofiltration And Sorbent System," filed on November 4, 2004, and assigned to the assignee of the present application. Another such home system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,393,690 ("the '690 patent"), issued on March 12, 2013, entitled "Enclosure for a Portable Hemodialysis System," and filed on August 27, 2008. The entire contents of each of the above references are incorporated herein by reference and relied upon.

[0021] In an embodiment, a medical fluid delivery machine is provided that includes a medical fluid delivery chassis that houses components required to deliver medical fluids such as one or more pumps, a number of valves, optionally a heater, as needed and desired, a number of sensors such as any one, more or all of the following: pressure sensors, conductivity sensors, temperature sensors, air detectors, blood leak detectors, and the like, a user interface, and a control unit that may employ one or more processors and memories to control the above-described equipment.

[0022] Various components such as fluid pumps and valves may be pneumatically actuated. In such cases, it is contemplated to provide a pneumatic manifold housing binary solenoids and / or variable pneumatic valves that selectively allow positive or negative air pressure to reach a desired location, such as the air side of a pump or valve membrane. "Air" as used herein means air as it exists in nature, which is composed of individual gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide. "Air" may also include a higher percentage or a desired modified atmosphere such as pure gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The term "pneumatic" also refers to naturally occurring air and / or any type of modified atmosphere.

[0023] The manifold air pressure valves receive positive and / or negative air pressure from one or more positive and / or negative air pressure accumulators. For example, the machine may include a high positive pressure accumulator, a low positive pressure accumulator, and one or more negative pressure accumulators. The positive pressure accumulator is pressurized via a compressor that directs air through the dryer. The one or more negative pressure accumulators are pressurized via a vacuum pump.

[0024] The manifold is mounted inside the chassis of the machine via a mounting assembly. In one embodiment, outside the manifold is a faceplate that is connected to the mounting assembly. The faceplate, in one embodiment, provides a quick pneumatic connection between the positive and negative pressure accumulators and the pneumatic manifold. To that end, the faceplate may be connected to the pneumatic manifold via pneumatic lines or tubing, which may be flexible or rigid, as even rigid pneumatic tubing would be flexible enough to allow for faceplate movement as described below. The faceplate in some embodiments also includes quick connection to power connections, such as alternating current ("AC") and direct current ("DC") power connections. To that end, the faceplate may be further connected to flexible electrical lines that lead to the required locations within the machine.

[0025] In one embodiment, the mounting assembly includes a fixed part that is fixed to the machine and a faceplate that is a removable part that is fixed to the fixed part. The fixed part may include, for example, first and second flanges that are bolted to the machine chassis and the pneumatic manifold to support the manifold. The removable part or faceplate, in one embodiment, is located between and bolted to the first and second flanges. Quick connections to pressure accumulators and power lines are provided, in one embodiment, on the outward facing surface of the removable faceplate, while pneumatic lines to the pneumatic manifold and flexible power lines to the machine are provided on the inward facing surface of the removable faceplate.

[0026] If necessary, the removable faceplate may be unbolted and swung away from the fixed portion so that maintenance personnel may gain access to the pneumatic valves attached to the pneumatic manifold. Providing easy access to the pneumatic manifold allows the pneumatic valves to be easily replaced without having to remove or move the pneumatic manifold itself. Once replaced, the removable faceplate may be swung back into position relative to the fixed portion and reattached.

[0027] As discussed above, there may be different types of pneumatic valves connected to a pneumatic manifold, such as binary (on-off) valves and variable orifice valves (variable valves). The valves, particularly the variable valves, may seal to the surface of a plate of the pneumatic manifold. The seal generally involves sealing around two holes in the plate and two orifices in the valve, namely, the air inlet hole / orifice and the air outlet hole / orifice. The valve in an embodiment includes two O-rings, namely, a central O-ring that seals the centrally located valve orifice and an outer O-ring that seals the offset valve orifice in combination with the centrally located O-ring. The present disclosure provides different embodiments for sealing a pneumatic valve to a plate of a pneumatic manifold.

[0028] In one embodiment, a retaining bracket is provided, which compresses the valve to the plate of the pneumatic manifold, thereby compressing the inner and outer O-rings. The retaining bracket may be made of metal or a robust plastic such as Teflon. The retaining bracket in an embodiment fits around and contacts the valve diameter located roughly in the middle of the valve, leaving the upper electrical contact portion of the valve exposed to receive the electrical wire. The retaining bracket may thus be provided in two or more pieces or members, which are integral from opposite sides of the valve and extend around the valve diameter. In this way, the force from the retaining bracket is evenly distributed across the valve so that the valve does not tilt during compression and so that the O-rings are evenly compressed.

[0029] The retaining bracket may be secured to the manifold plate by fastening a bracket member into the plate of the pneumatic manifold adjacent to the pneumatic valve. The bracket provides a flange having one or more mounting holes that align with one or more threaded holes in the plate. In this manner, the pneumatic valve may be easily replaced by unfastening the bracket members or unfastening one bracket and loosening the other bracket. The fastening bracket allows the valve to be affixed to the manifold and compresses the sealing O-ring without introducing contamination associated with the engagement of threaded components into the pneumatic path.

[0030] In other embodiments, the pneumatic valve is threaded into the plate of the pneumatic manifold, where problems can occur because the threading has the potential to shear and introduce particulate material into the pneumatic pathways and lines. In some embodiments, the threads of the pneumatic valve may be stainless steel, which may be a relatively hard material compared to that of the manifold plate, which may be aluminum. Thus, shearing of the softer aluminum may occur. The introduction of particulate material into the pneumatic pathways or lines may cause premature failure of elements of the entire pneumatic system, such as the pneumatic valve, the fluid valve chamber, or the fluid pump chamber.

[0031] It is therefore contemplated to provide a seal that seals the threaded engagement from the rest of the pneumatic system prior to threaded engagement occurring. In one embodiment, the pneumatic valve is provided with a port that is threaded adjacent to the valve body and extends to the smooth section. A mating opening formed in the plate of the pneumatic manifold similarly includes a mating threaded portion adjacent a surface of the plate that extends to the mating smooth section. A gasket, such as an O-ring gasket, is fitted either over the smooth section of the valve port or into the smooth section of the opening formed in the plate of the pneumatic manifold. When the valve is secured to the manifold, the mating smooth portions of the valve port and plate opening compress the gasket prior to threaded engagement between the port and opening. In this manner, a protective seal is formed between the pneumatic system and the threaded connection prior to contact of the male and female threaded portions. The protective seal prevents particulates that may be generated by contact of the male and female threaded portions from entering the pneumatic system.

[0032] If the gasket is fitted to a port of the valve, the smooth portion of the port may be provided with a groove into which the gasket seals. If the gasket is instead placed into an opening in a manifold plate, the gasket may be seated against a stop formed or placed into the opening. In either case, the gasket is held securely when compressed. The gasket is the first gasket. As discussed above, the valve body may include one or more additional gaskets to seal around one or more orifices formed in the valve body.

[0033] The medical fluid machine of the present disclosure in one embodiment installs pneumatic pumping components, such as a compressor and associated dryer, a vacuum pump, at least one positive pressure accumulator, and at least one negative pressure accumulator, in a pneumatic pump box. The pneumatic pump box may be removably connected to a medical fluid delivery chassis such that the pump box may be moved away from the patient to reduce noise. A number of pneumatic and electrical power lines may extend from the pneumatic pump box to the medical fluid delivery chassis of the machine.

[0034] In an embodiment, the removed pump box exposes the backside of the medical fluid delivery chassis and an access door. The access door is removable to expose a removable electronics cage. The electronics cage holds multiple printed circuit boards (PCBs) and other electrical equipment of the medical fluid machine. The electronics cage is constructed to provide (i) physical shock and vibration support to the PCBs of the unit and (ii) electromagnetic shielding for the electrical components. The electronics cage is positioned to prevent heat generated from internal high temperature elements of the unit from being transferred to the electronics cage. The electronics cage is also configured, in one embodiment, to allow proper airflow to the PCBs to prevent their premature failure due to excessive heat.

[0035] In an embodiment, the electronics cage is electrically attached to the medical fluid machine so that the machine can continue to function even when the electronics cage is completely removed from the interior of the device. Such functionality allows maintenance personnel to have better access to the PCBs and fluid components within the machine during maintenance activities such as diagnostic tests. Electrical components that are not held within the electronics cage include the power supply and other electrical equipment that generates heat, such as transformers (which may be part of the power supply). In this way, heat generated by the power supply and the like does not become trapped within the electronics cage.

[0036] Providing an electronics cage and hinged it away also allows the PCBs and other electrical equipment of the machine to be held rigidly in place, increasing reliability. A removable electronics cage also improves the serviceability of the machine, both in terms of the cage contents and by opening up the interior space within the machine, allowing better access to other machine components.

[0037] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspects recited herein unless otherwise specified in light of the disclosure herein and without limiting the disclosure in any way, a medical fluid delivery machine includes a medical fluid pump including a pneumatically actuated pump chamber and first and second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chambers located upstream and downstream of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, respectively; at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source for supplying positive pressure air or negative pressure air, respectively, to at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; (i) a pneumatically actuated a pneumatic manifold including at least one of a pump chamber, a first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or a second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; and (ii) an air passage in fluid communication with at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source, the pneumatic manifold defining a manifold opening; a pneumatic valve defining a valve opening sized and arranged such that when the pneumatic valve is abutted against the pneumatic manifold, the valve opening mates with the manifold opening, the pneumatic valve including a gasket extending around the valve opening; and a bracket configured to hold the pneumatic valve to the pneumatic manifold, compressing the gasket to seal the pneumatic valve to the manifold.

[0038] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, the bracket is removably fastened to the pneumatic manifold.

[0039] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, the bracket fits around a diameter of the pneumatic valve to expose an upper electrical connection portion of the pneumatic valve.

[0040] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, the bracket includes a plurality of members each of which fits around a diameter of the pneumatic valve.

[0041] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the fourth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the multiple members abut each other when fitted around a diameter of the pneumatic valve.

[0042] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the fourth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the plurality of members are configured to spread a retention force around the pneumatic valve.

[0043] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, the valve opening is a first valve opening and includes a second valve opening and a second gasket, the first and second gaskets sealing around the second valve opening via bracket engagement.

[0044] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the seventh aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the first valve opening is located along a central axis of the pneumatic valve, while the second valve opening is spaced from the central axis.

[0045] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the seventh aspect in combination with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, the first and second gaskets are O-ring gaskets.

[0046] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, a medical fluid delivery machine includes a medical fluid pump including a pneumatically actuated pump chamber and first and second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chambers located upstream and downstream of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, respectively; at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source for supplying positive pressure air or negative pressure air, respectively, to at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; (i) a pneumatically actuated pump chamber; and (ii) an air passage in fluid communication with at least one of a first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, a first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or a second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; and (ii) an air passage in fluid communication with at least one of a positive pneumatic pressure source or a negative pneumatic pressure source, the pneumatic manifold defining an opening including a threaded portion; and a pneumatic valve including a pneumatic port having a gasket, a mating threaded portion, and a smooth portion, the pneumatic port being sized and arranged such that when the pneumatic valve is connected to the pneumatic manifold, the smooth portion contacts the gasket prior to the mating threaded portion of the valve engaging the threaded portion of the opening.

[0047] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the tenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, a smooth portion of the pneumatic port is sized and arranged to seal against an inner diameter of the gasket, while an outer diameter of the gasket seals against a surface of the opening.

[0048] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the tenth aspect in combination with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, the gasket is initially located within the opening.

[0049] In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the twelfth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the gasket is seated against a stop within the opening, the stop having an inner diameter less than the inner diameter of the threaded portion of the opening.

[0050] In a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the tenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the gasket is initially positioned on the smooth portion of the pneumatic port.

[0051] In a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the fourteenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the gasket is positioned within a groove formed in a smooth portion of the pneumatic port.

[0052] In a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the fourteenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the opening includes a threaded portion and a smooth portion, and when the pneumatic valve is connected to the pneumatic manifold, the gasket extends through the threaded portion and seals against the smooth portion of the opening.

[0053] In a seventeenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the tenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the pneumatic valve defines an opening, the gasket is a first gasket and includes a second gasket extending around an outside of the opening, and the second gasket is compressed when the pneumatic valve is connected to a pneumatic manifold.

[0054] In an eighteenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspect recited herein unless otherwise specified, a medical fluid delivery machine includes a medical fluid pump including a pneumatically actuated pump chamber and first and second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chambers located upstream and downstream, respectively, of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber; at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source for supplying positive pressure air or negative pressure air, respectively, to at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; and (i) a pneumatic manifold including at least one of a pneumatically actuated pump chamber, a first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or a second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber and (ii) a plurality of pneumatic valves in fluid communication with at least one positive pneumatic pressure source or a negative pneumatic pressure source; and a faceplate connected to the manifold via at least one pneumatic line, the faceplate configured to provide a quick pneumatic connection to at least one of the positive pneumatic pressure source or the negative pneumatic pressure source, the faceplate being removable such that the faceplate may be moved apart to access at least some of the plurality of pneumatic valves.

[0055] In a nineteenth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the eighteenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the machine includes a machine frame and a mounting assembly attached to the machine frame and carrying a pneumatic manifold, the mounting assembly including a fixed portion secured to the machine frame, and a face plate removably attached to the fixed portion.

[0056] In a twentieth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the nineteenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the fixed portion includes first and second mounting flanges, and the face plate is positioned between the first and second mounting flanges.

[0057] In a twenty-first aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the nineteenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the fixed portion is bolted to the frame and the face plate is bolted to the fixed portion.

[0058] In a twenty-second aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the eighteenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the face plate is configured to provide quick pneumatic connections to multiple positive air pressure sources and multiple negative air pressure sources.

[0059] In a twenty-third aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the eighteenth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the face plate is configured to provide a quick electrical connection, and the face plate is additionally connected to an electrical line extending to the machine.

[0060] In a twenty-fourth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with any other aspect recited in this specification unless otherwise specified, a connection device for sealing a passage of a mounting structure includes a body, a port including a threaded portion extending from the body and a non-threaded portion extending from the threaded portion, the non-threaded portion carrying a gasket, the gasket being positioned along the non-threaded portion such that a mounting structure to which the connection device is mounted contacts the gasket prior to the threaded portion engaging a mating threaded portion of the mounting structure, providing fluid communication between the body and the passage of the mounting structure.

[0061] In a twenty-fifth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the twenty-fourth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the body is a valve body, the valve body configured to be electrically actuated to move the member to open or close the fluid passageway, and the member and passageway are located within the valve body.

[0062] In a twenty-sixth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the twenty-fourth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the non-threaded portion defines a groove that receives a gasket.

[0063] In a twenty-seventh aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the twenty-fourth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the body includes a surface, the port extends from the surface, the surface defines an opening spaced apart from the port, the gasket is a first gasket, and the valve body includes a second gasket extending around the spaced apart opening.

[0064] In a twenty-eighth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the twenty-fourth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the connection device is configured for use with pneumatic, water, or oil-based systems.

[0065] In a twenty-ninth aspect of the present disclosure, which may be combined with the twenty-fourth aspect in combination with any other aspect enumerated herein unless otherwise specified, the body is a variable orifice valve body, a binary valve body, a pressure gauge body, a pressure regulator body, a flow meter body, a filter body, piping, tubing, or a piping / tubing fitting.

[0066] In a thirtieth aspect of the present disclosure, any of the structures and functionality disclosed in association with Figures 1-10 may be combined with any of the other structures and functionality disclosed in association with Figures 1-10.

[0067] In light of the present disclosure and the above aspects, it is therefore an advantage of the present disclosure to provide an improved medical fluid delivery device.

[0068] It is another advantage of the present disclosure to provide an improved pneumatic manifold for a medical fluid delivery device.

[0069] It is a further advantage of the present disclosure to provide a pneumatic manifold for a medical fluid delivery device that properly seals a pneumatic valve to the manifold.

[0070] It is yet another advantage of the present disclosure to provide a pneumatic manifold for a medical fluid delivery device that attempts to maintain a particulate-free air passageway leading to and from the pneumatic valve.

[0071] It is yet a further advantage of the present disclosure to provide a pneumatic manifold that allows easy access to the pneumatic valves for repair and replacement.

[0072] Maintaining sensitive electronic equipment in a cooler environment is yet another advantage of the present disclosure.

[0073] It is yet a further advantage of the present disclosure that it provides easy access to sensitive electronics and other components within the medical fluid machine chassis.

[0074] It is yet a further advantage of the present disclosure to provide a hot air detector that is integrated into electronic equipment.

[0075] The advantages discussed herein may be found in one or some, but perhaps not all, of the embodiments disclosed herein. Additional features and advantages are described herein and will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures. The present specification also provides, for example, the following items: (Item 1) 1. A connection device for sealing a passageway of a mounting structure, said connection device comprising: The main body, a port including a threaded portion extending from the body and a non-threaded portion extending from the threaded portion, the non-threaded portion carrying a gasket positioned along the non-threaded portion such that the mounting structure to which the connection device is mounted contacts the gasket prior to the threaded portion engaging a mating threaded portion of the mounting structure, the port providing fluid communication between the body and a passageway of the mounting structure; A connection device comprising: (Item 2) 2. The connection device of claim 1, wherein the body is a valve body, the valve body configured to be electrically actuated to move a member to open or close a fluid passageway, the member and the passageway being located within the valve body. (Item 3) 2. The connection device of claim 1, wherein the non-threaded portion defines a groove for receiving the gasket. (Item 4) 2. The connection device of claim 1, wherein the body includes a surface, the port extends from the surface, the surface defines an opening spaced apart from the port, the gasket is a first gasket, and the valve body includes a second gasket extending around the spaced apart opening. (Item 5) 2. The connection device of item 1, configured for use with pneumatic, water, or oil based systems. (Item 6) 2. The connection device of item 1, wherein the body is a variable orifice valve body, a binary valve body, a pressure gauge body, a pressure regulator body, a flow meter body, a filter body, piping, tubing, or a piping / tubing fitting. (Item 7) 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising: a medical fluid pump including a pneumatically actuated pump chamber and first and second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chambers located upstream and downstream, respectively, of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber; at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source, the at least one of the positive air pressure source or the negative air pressure source supplying positive or negative air pressure, respectively, to at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; (i) at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, and (ii) an air passage in fluid communication with the at least one positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source, the pneumatic manifold defining a manifold opening; a pneumatic valve defining a valve opening sized and arranged such that when the pneumatic valve is abutted against the pneumatic manifold, the valve opening mates with the manifold opening, the pneumatic valve including a gasket extending around a periphery of the valve opening; a bracket configured to hold the pneumatic valve to the pneumatic manifold and compress the gasket to seal the pneumatic valve to the manifold; 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising: (Item 8) 8. The medical delivery machine of claim 7, wherein the bracket is removably fastened to the pneumatic manifold. (Item 9) 8. The medical delivery machine of claim 7, wherein the bracket fits around a diameter of the pneumatic valve to expose an upper electrical connection portion of the pneumatic valve. (Item 10) 8. The medical delivery machine of claim 7, wherein the bracket includes a plurality of members, each of the plurality of members fitting around a diameter of the pneumatic valve. (Item 11) Item 11. The medical delivery machine of item 10, wherein the members abut one another when fitted around a diameter of the pneumatic valve. (Item 12) Item 11. The medical delivery machine of item 10, wherein the plurality of members are configured to spread a retention force around the pneumatic valve. (Item 13) 8. The medical delivery machine of claim 7, wherein the valve opening is a first valve opening, a second valve opening, and a second gasket, the first and second gaskets sealing around the second valve opening via engagement of the bracket. (Item 14) Item 14. The medical delivery machine of item 13, wherein the first valve opening is located along a central axis of the pneumatic valve, while the second valve opening is spaced from the central axis. (Item 15) Item 14. The medical delivery machine of item 13, wherein the first and second gaskets are O-ring gaskets. (Item 16) 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising: a medical fluid pump including a pneumatically actuated pump chamber and first and second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chambers located upstream and downstream, respectively, of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber; at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source, the at least one of the positive air pressure source or the negative air pressure source supplying positive or negative air pressure, respectively, to at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; (i) at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, and (ii) a pneumatic manifold including an air passage in fluid communication with the at least one positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source, the pneumatic manifold defining an opening including a threaded portion; A gasket and a pneumatic valve including a pneumatic port having a mating threaded portion and a smooth portion, the pneumatic port sized and arranged such that when the pneumatic valve is connected to the pneumatic manifold, the smooth portion contacts the gasket prior to the mating threaded portion of the valve engaging the threaded portion of the opening; 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising: (Item 17) 17. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 16, wherein the smooth portion of the pneumatic port is sized and arranged to seal against an inner diameter of the gasket, while an outer diameter of the gasket seals against a surface of the opening. (Item 18) Item 17. The medical fluid delivery machine of item 16, wherein the gasket is initially positioned within the opening. (Item 19) 20. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 18, wherein the gasket is seated against a stop in the opening, the stop having an inner diameter less than an inner diameter of the threaded portion of the opening. (Item 20) Item 17. The medical fluid delivery machine of item 16, wherein the gasket is initially positioned over the smooth portion of the pneumatic port. (Item 21) 21. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 20, wherein the gasket is located in a groove formed in the smooth portion of the pneumatic port. (Item 22) 21. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 20, wherein the opening includes a threaded portion and a smooth portion, and when the pneumatic valve is connected to the pneumatic manifold, the gasket extends through the threaded portion and seals against the smooth portion of the opening. (Item 23) Item 17. The medical fluid delivery machine of item 16, wherein the pneumatic valve defines an opening, the gasket is a first gasket and includes a second gasket extending around an exterior of the opening, the second gasket being compressed when the pneumatic valve is connected to the pneumatic manifold. (Item 24) 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising: a medical fluid pump including a pneumatically actuated pump chamber and first and second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chambers located upstream and downstream, respectively, of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber; at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source, the at least one of the positive air pressure source or the negative air pressure source supplying positive or negative air pressure, respectively, to at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; (i) at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; and (ii) a pneumatic manifold including a plurality of pneumatic valves in fluid communication with the at least one positive pneumatic pressure source or a negative pneumatic pressure source. a faceplate connected to the manifold via at least one pneumatic line, the faceplate configured to provide a quick pneumatic connection to at least one of the positive pneumatic pressure source or the negative pneumatic pressure source, the faceplate being removable such that the faceplate may be moved apart to access at least some of the plurality of pneumatic valves; 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising: (Item 25) 25. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 24, comprising a machine frame and a mounting assembly attached to the machine frame and carrying the pneumatic manifold, the mounting assembly including a fixed portion secured to the machine frame, the faceplate being removably attached to the fixed portion. (Item 26) 26. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 25, wherein the fixed portion includes first and second mounting flanges, and the faceplate is located between the first and second mounting flanges. (Item 27) 26. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 25, wherein the fixed portion is bolted to the frame and the faceplate is bolted to the fixed portion. (Item 28) 25. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 24, wherein the faceplate is configured to provide quick pneumatic connections to multiple positive air pressure sources and multiple negative air pressure sources. (Item 29) 25. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 24, wherein the faceplate is configured to provide a quick electrical connection, the faceplate additionally being connected to electrical lines extending to the machine. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0076] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a renal failure treatment operated by a machine employing a pneumatic manifold incorporating the pneumatic valves of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a blood set for use with the renal failure treatment machine of FIG. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A is a perspective view of one embodiment of the renal failure treatment machine of FIG. 1, where the pump box is connected to the main chassis of the machine. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the renal failure treatment machine of FIG. 3A with the pump box removed so that a maintenance door can be opened to allow the machine's electronics to be rotated out of the machine for maintenance. [Figure 4] 4A and 4B are front and bottom views, respectively, of one embodiment of a pneumatic manifold mount that includes a removable faceplate to allow access to the various pneumatic valves connected to the pneumatic manifold. [Diagram 5] 5-8 illustrate a first embodiment for mounting pneumatic valves to a plate of a pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure. [Figure 6]5-8 illustrate a first embodiment for mounting pneumatic valves to a plate of a pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 5-8 illustrate a first embodiment for mounting pneumatic valves to a plate of a pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 5-8 illustrate a first embodiment for mounting pneumatic valves to a plate of a pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure. [Figure 9A] 9A and 9B illustrate a second embodiment for mounting pneumatic valves to a plate of a pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure. [Figure 9B] 9A and 9B illustrate a second embodiment for mounting pneumatic valves to a plate of a pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates a third embodiment for mounting pneumatic valves to the plate of a pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0077] The embodiments described herein are applicable to any medical fluid delivery system that delivers medical fluids such as blood, dialysis fluids, replacement fluids, and / or intravenous medications ("IV"). The embodiments are particularly well suited for renal failure therapies such as all forms of hemodialysis ("HD"), hemofiltration ("HF"), hemodiafiltration ("HDF"), continuous renal replacement therapy ("CRRT"), and peritoneal dialysis ("PD"), collectively or substantially individually referred to herein as renal failure therapies. Additionally, any of the machines and pneumatically operated systems and methods described herein may be used in clinical or home settings. For example, a machine including the pneumatic manifold of the present disclosure may be employed in an in-center HD machine that runs virtually continuously throughout the day. Alternatively, the pneumatic manifold and other features of the present disclosure may be used in a home HD machine that may be run, for example, at night while the patient is asleep. Additionally, each of the renal failure treatment embodiments described herein may employ a diffusion membrane or filter, such as, for example, a dialyzer for HD or HDF, or, for example, a hemofilter for HF.

[0078] Referring now to FIG. 1, an example of an HD flow schematic for a medical fluid delivery system 10 employing a pneumatic manifold and other features of the present disclosure is illustrated. Because the HD system of FIG. 1 is relatively complex, FIG. 1 and its discussion also provide support for any of the renal failure treatment modalities and IV machines discussed above. In general, the system 10 is shown having a highly simplified version of the dialysis fluid or process fluid delivery circuit. The blood circuit is also simplified, but not to the same extent as the dialysis fluid circuit. It should be understood that the circuit is simplified to facilitate easier explanation of the present disclosure, and that the system, if implemented, would have additional structure and functionality such as those found in the publications incorporated by reference above.

[0079] The system 10 of FIG. 1 includes a blood circuit 20. The blood circuit 20 withdraws blood from and returns blood to a patient 12. Blood is withdrawn from the patient 12 via an arterial line 14 and returned to the patient via a venous line 16. The arterial line 14 includes an arterial line connector 14a that connects to an arterial needle 14b in draw communication with the patient 12. The venous line 16 includes a venous line connector 16a that connects to a venous needle 16b in return communication with the patient. The arterial line 14 and venous line 16 also include line clamps 18a and 18v, which may be spring-loaded fail-safe mechanical pinch clamps. The line clamps 18a and 18v, in one embodiment, are automatically closed in an emergency situation.

[0080] The arterial line 14 and the venous line 16 also include air or bubble detectors 22a and 22v, which may be ultrasonic air detectors. The air or bubble detectors 22a and 22v search for air in the arterial line 14 and the venous line 16, respectively. If air is detected by one of the air detectors 22a and 22v, the system 10 closes the line clamps 18a and 18v, pauses the blood and dialysis fluid pumps, and provides instructions to the patient to purge the air so that treatment can resume. In an embodiment, the air detectors 22a and 22v are made from aircraft grade materials that allow the sensors to operate in a high temperature environment. FIG. 2 illustrates the arterial line 14 and the venous line 16, respectively, which in one embodiment receive high temperature disinfecting water between treatments. The air detectors 22a and 22v touch the lines 14 and 16 to operate, thereby becoming heated in response to disinfection. Forming the air detectors 22a and 22v and associated electronics so that they can operate in a heated environment, for example, at 105°C, enables the system 10 and machine 90 to consolidate several electronic assemblies into one small integrated assembly in the vicinity of the detectors 22a and 22v, increasing the reliability of the system 10 while reducing its cost.

[0081] A blood pump 30 is located in the arterial line 14 in the illustrated embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment, the blood pump 30 includes a first blood pump pod 30a and a second blood pump pod 30b. The blood pump pod 30a operates with an inlet valve 32i and an outlet valve 32o. The blood pump pod 30b operates with an inlet valve 34i and an outlet valve 34o. In an embodiment, the blood pump pods 30a and 30b are each blood containers including a rigid outer shell, e.g., spherical, with a flexible diaphragm located within the shell, forming a diaphragm pump. One side of each diaphragm receives blood while the other side of each diaphragm is operated by positive and negative air pressure. The blood pump 30 is alternatively a peristaltic pump that operates with the arterial line 14 tubing.

[0082] A heparin vial 24 and a heparin pump 26 are located between the blood pump 30 and a hemofilter 40 (e.g., a dialyzer) in the illustrated embodiment. The heparin pump 26 can be a pneumatic pump or a syringe pump (e.g., a stepper motor-driven syringe pump). Providing heparin upstream of the hemofilter 40 helps prevent clotting of the filter's membrane.

[0083] A control unit 50 includes one or more processors and memory. The control unit 50 receives air detection signals from the air detectors 22a and 22v (and other sensors of the system 10, such as temperature sensors, blood leak detectors, conductivity sensors, pressure sensors, and access disconnection transducers 102, 104) and controls components such as the line clamps 18a and 18v, the blood pump 30, the heparin pump 26, and the dialysis fluid pump. Blood exiting the hemofilter 40 via the venous line 16 flows through an air trap 110. The air trap 110 removes air from the blood before the dialyzed blood is returned to the patient 12 via the venous line 16.

[0084] In the hemodialysis version of the system 10 of FIG. 1, dialysis fluid or dialysate is pumped along the outside of the membrane of the hemofilter 40, while blood is pumped through the inside of the hemofilter membrane. The dialysis fluid or dialysate is prepared beginning with purification of water via a water purification unit 60. One suitable water purification unit is described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011 / 0197971, entitled "Water Purification System and Method," filed April 25, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, the water purification unit includes filters and other structures for purifying tap water (e.g., removing pathogens and ions such as chlorine) such that the water, in one implementation, is below 0.03 endotoxin units / ml ("EU / ml") and below 0.1 colony forming units / ml ("CFU / ml"). The water purification unit 60 may be provided in a housing separate from the housing or chassis of the hemodialysis machine, which includes the blood circuit 20 and the dialysis fluid circuit 70.

[0085] The dialysis fluid circuit 70 is again greatly simplified in FIG. 1 for ease of illustration. In reality, the dialysis fluid circuit 70 may include all of the relevant structures and functionality described in the publications incorporated by reference above. Certain features of the dialysis fluid circuit 70 are illustrated in FIG. 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the dialysis fluid circuit 70 includes a hemofilter dialysis fluid pump 64. The pump 64 is configured identically to the blood pump 30 in one embodiment. Like the pump 30, the pump 64 includes a pair of pump pods, which may again be configured spherically. Like the blood pump 30, the two pump pods are alternately operated such that one pump pod fills with HD dialysis fluid while the other pump pod ejects HD dialysis fluid.

[0086] Pump 64 is the hemofilter dialysis fluid pump. There is another dual pod pump chamber 96 that operates with valves 98i and 98o located in the drain line 82 to push the used dialysis fluid to drain. There is a third pod pump (not shown) to pump purified water through the bicarbonate cartridge 72. There is a fourth pod pump (not shown) that is used to pump acid from the acid container 74 into the mixing line 62. The third and fourth pumps, i.e., concentrate pumps, may be single pod pumps in one embodiment since continuous pumping is less important in the mixing line 62 due to the presence of a buffered dialysis fluid tank (not shown) between the mixing line 62 and the hemofilter dialysis fluid pump 64.

[0087] A fifth pod pump (not shown) provided in the drain line 82 is used to remove a known amount of ultrafiltrate ("UF") as HD therapy is provided. The system 10 tracks the UF pump to control and keep track of the amount of ultrafiltrate removed from the patient. The system 10 ensures that the required amount of ultrafiltrate is removed from the patient by the end of treatment.

[0088] Each of the pumps described above may alternatively be peristaltic pumps operating in conjunction with tubing. Where applicable, system valves may still be pneumatically actuated in accordance with features of the present disclosure.

[0089] In one embodiment, purified water from water purification unit 60 is pumped along mixing line 62 through bicarbonate cartridge 72. Acid from container 74 is pumped along mixing line 62 into the bicarbonate water flowing from bicarbonate cartridge 72 to form an electrolytically and physiologically compatible dialysis fluid solution. The pumps and temperature compensated conductivity sensors used to properly mix the purified water with the bicarbonate and acid are not shown, but are disclosed in detail in the publications incorporated by reference above.

[0090] 1 also illustrates that the dialysis fluid is pumped along fresh dialysis fluid line 76 through a heater 78 and ultrafilter 80 before reaching hemofilter 40, after which the used dialysis fluid is pumped to be discharged via drain line 82. Heater 78 heats the dialysis fluid to body temperature or about 37° C. Ultrafilter 80 further cleans and purifies the dialysis fluid before it reaches hemofilter 40, filtering out microorganisms or contaminants from the dialysis fluid that may be introduced, for example, via bicarbonate cartridge 72 or acid container 74.

[0091] The dialysis fluid circuit 70, in the illustrated embodiment, also includes a sample port 84. The dialysis fluid circuit 70 would further include a blood leak detector (not shown, but used to detect whether the fibers of the hemofilter 40 have ruptured) and other components, not shown, such as a balance chamber, a plurality of dialysis fluid valves, and a dialysis fluid holding tank, all of which are illustrated and described in detail in the publications incorporated by reference above.

[0092] In the illustrated embodiment, the hemodialysis system 10 is a direct-pass system that pumps the dialysis fluid through the hemofilter once and then pumps the used dialysis fluid to drain. Both the blood circuit 20 and the dialysis fluid circuit 70 may be hot-water disinfected after each treatment so that the blood circuit 20 and the dialysis fluid circuit 70 can be reused. In one implementation, the blood circuit 20, including the hemofilter 40, is hot-water disinfected and reused daily for about one month, while the dialysis fluid circuit 70 is hot-water disinfected and reused for about six months.

[0093] In an alternative embodiment, or for example with respect to CRRT, multiple bags of sterile dialysis or infusate are bundled together and used one after the other. In such cases, an empty supply bag can serve as the drain or used fluid bag.

[0094] Machine 90 of system 10 includes enclosures as indicated by the dashed lines in Figure 1. The enclosures of machine 90 vary depending on the type of treatment, whether the treatment is an in-center or home treatment, and whether the dialysis fluid / infusate supply is batch type (e.g., bagged) or direct.

[0095] 2 illustrates that the machine 90 of the system 10 of FIG. 1 may operate with a blood set 100. The blood set 100 includes an arterial line 14, a venous line 16, a heparin vial 24, a heparin pump 26 / blood pump 30, and a hemofilter 40 (e.g., a dialyzer). An air trap 110 may be located in the venous line 16 to remove air from the blood before it is returned to the patient 12. As discussed herein, hot air detectors 22a and 22v are in contact with, and thereby operate with, the arterial and venous lines 14 and 16, respectively.

[0096] In Figures 1 and 2, any of the pumps 26, 30 (30a and 30b), 64, 96 (and other pumps not shown) and any of the valves such as valves 32i, 32o, 34i, 34o, 68i, 68o, 98i, and 98o may be pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the pumps and valves each have a fluid side and an air side separated by a flexible membrane. Negative air pressure may be applied to the air side of the membrane to draw fluid into the pump chamber or to open the valve (or the pump or valve may be opened by venting the positive closing pressure to atmosphere and allowing the fluid pressure to release). Positive air pressure is applied to the air side of the membrane to expel fluid from the pump chamber or to close the valve.

[0097] 3A, an embodiment of a medical fluid delivery machine 90, such as a HD machine, is illustrated. The medical fluid delivery machine 90 in the illustrated embodiment includes a medical fluid delivery chassis 120 connected to a pneumatic pump box 150. The pump box 150 holds pneumatic pumping equipment, such as a compressor and associated dryer, a vacuum pump, at least one positive pressure accumulator, and at least one negative pressure accumulator. In an embodiment, the pneumatic pump box 150 is removably connected to the medical fluid delivery chassis 120 such that the pump box can be moved away from the patient (e.g., installed in a closet) to reduce noise in the treatment area near the patient. At least one positive air pressure line, at least one negative air pressure line, and at least one power line (FIG. 3B) extend from the pneumatic pump box 150 to the medical fluid delivery chassis 120 to drive pumps 26, 30 (30a and 30b), 64, 96 (and other pumps not shown) and any of the valves such as valves 32i, 32o, 34i, 34o, 68i, 68o, 98i, and 98o located within or mounted on the medical fluid delivery chassis 120.

[0098] 3B, the medical fluid delivery machine is illustrated with the pump box 150 removed. As discussed above, the removed pump box 150 remains in pneumatic and operative communication with the medical fluid delivery chassis 120 via the extended pneumatic lines 86 and the extended power lines 88. The removed pump box exposes the back side 122 and the access door 124 of the medical fluid delivery chassis 120. The access door 124 in the illustrated embodiment rotates to open along a bottom hinge 126. In an alternative embodiment, the access door 124 may be translated away from the back side 122 via a track in a drawer fashion. In either case, removing the access door 124 exposes the electronics cage 130 (shown with its door open to reveal the inside).

[0099] The electronics cage 130 holds a number of printed circuit boards ("PCBs"), such as PCBs 132, 134, 136, and 138, and other electrical equipment of the machine 90. The electronics cage 130 is made from materials, such as high temperature plastic, steel, or stainless steel, that insulate the PCBs 132, 134, 136, and 138, and other electrical equipment of the machine 90, from heat generated within the machine, for example, from the heater 78 and fluid handling equipment within the machine 90 undergoing thermal disinfection. One electrical component that is not held within the electronics cage 130 is the power supply 140 and associated transformer, which itself generates heat. The power supply 140 in the illustrated embodiment (and associated transformer, which may be inside the power supply housing) is instead mounted on top of the electronics cage 130. By doing so, the heat generated by the power supply 140 does not become trapped within the electronics cage 130. It has been found that raising the temperature of components on a PCB by 10° C. can reduce their operational life by half.

[0100] Hinging the electronics cage 130 apart as illustrated in FIG. 3B provides several benefits. First, the electronics cage 130 allows the PCBs 132, 134, 136, and 138, and other electrical equipment of the machine 90, to be rigidly secured in place, increasing reliability. The removable electronics cage 130 also improves the serviceability of the machine 90, both with respect to the contents of the cage 130 and by opening up the interior space within the machine 90 and allowing better access to other machine components. The components of the pump box 150 are also easily accessible due to their removable nature.

[0101] 4A and 4B, in one embodiment, pneumatic components such as an air pressure regulator, an electrically actuated binary solenoid valve, and an electrically actuated variable air pressure (variable valve) are located on a pneumatic manifold 160. In the embodiment shown, the manifold 160 is pneumatically sealed to an electrically actuated binary solenoid valve 162 and an electrically actuated variable air pressure (variable valve) 164.

[0102] The pneumatic manifold 160 is mounted within the machine 90 via a mounting assembly 170 that is secured to the frame 92 of the machine 90. The mounting assembly 170 includes a fixed portion having first and second mounting flanges 172a and 172b. The first and second mounting flanges 172a and 172b are fastened to the frame 92 of the machine 90 via fasteners 166a. The mounting assembly 170 includes a removable portion in the form of a face plate 174 that is removably mounted to the first and second mounting flanges 172a and 172b via fasteners 166b. The mounting flanges 172a and 172b and the removable face plate 174 may be made of a metal, for example, stainless steel or aluminum. The mounting flanges 172a and 172b are, in turn, mounted to the pneumatic manifold 160 from underneath via fasteners 166d.

[0103] The removable face plate 174 in turn supports one or more quick disconnect plates 180, which are attached to the face plate 174 via fasteners 166c. The quick disconnect plates 180 provide quick disconnect connections to the machine 90 for first and second vacuum lines via socket 182, low positive pressure via socket 184, high positive pressure via socket 186, AC power via socket 188, and DC power via socket 190. The pneumatic quick disconnect sockets 182, 184, and 186 are in pneumatic communication with various components of the pneumatic manifold 160 via pneumatic lines 86 as illustrated in FIG. 4B. The electrical power quick disconnect sockets 188 and 190 are in electrical communication with multiple electrical components within the machine 90, including the components of the pneumatic manifold 160, via electrical lines 88 as illustrated in FIG. 4B.

[0104] The pneumatic lines 86 may be rigid or flexible. Nevertheless, they, in combination with the electrical lines 88, provide enough slack so that the face plate 174 and corresponding quick disconnect plate 180 may be moved away from the pneumatic manifold 160 as needed, for example to replace the binary valves 162. As illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the binary valves 162 on the ends of the pneumatic manifold 160 may be accessible with the face plate 174 in place, however, the binary valves 162 hidden behind the face plate 174 are not accessible. Without the removable face plate 174, if any of those valves 162 require replacement, the mounting assembly 170 and pneumatic manifold 160 would need to be removed from the pneumatic manifold 160 by removing fasteners 166d. The removable face plate 174 instead allows any of the binary valves 162 to be easily replaced, for example, by pulling them in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4B while leaving the mounting assembly 170 and pneumatic manifold 160 in place.

[0105] 5-8, one embodiment for mounting the variable valve 164 to the pneumatic manifold 160 (FIG. 4A) is illustrated. One goal with mounting any of the pneumatic valves is to prevent particulates from entering the pneumatic passages 168 of the pneumatic manifold 160. It has been found that mounting a valve such as the variable valve 164 to the pneumatic manifold 160 by a threaded interface can cause particulates to shear off the threads of the pneumatic manifold 160 and fall into the pneumatic passages 168, which can then be pushed or pulled by the air in the passages into the pneumatic components, where the particulates can cause damage and / or malfunction. In particular, if the valve threads are stainless steel and the manifold 169 is a softer metal such as aluminum (which aids in all of the machining involved in the manifold plates), the threading action can shear particulates, chips, or coatings off the threads of the manifold 160.

[0106] 6 illustrates the bottom side of variable valve 164, with inner and outer O-rings 164a and 164b, air pressure inlet 164c, and annular air pressure outlet 164d. Inner O-ring 164a seals air pressure inlet 164c, while inner and outer O-rings 164a and 164b collectively seal annular air pressure outlet 164d. O-rings 164a and 164b therefore need to be compressed to properly mount variable valve 164.

[0107] FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a bracket 200 (collectively referred to as brackets 200a and 200b in FIGS. 7 and 8) that clamps and seals the variable valve 164 to the pneumatic manifold 160. In the illustrated embodiment, the bracket 200 includes a first bracket member 202 and a second bracket 204 (collectively referred to as bracket members 202a / 202b and 204a / 204b in FIGS. 7 and 8). The bracket members 202 and 204 are bent or formed to fit over and around the top of and engage the larger mid-diameter portion 164e of the variable valve 164. Clamping the bracket 200 to the mid-diameter portion 164e of the variable valve 164 allows the upper electrical connection portion 164f of the variable valve 164 to remain exposed for connection to associated electrical wiring.

[0108] Bracket 200 may be made from a metal such as stainless steel or treated steel. Bracket 200 may alternatively be made from a robust plastic such as Teflon. The side walls of bracket 200 in FIG. 5 have been removed to show how bracket members 202 and 204 come together at least substantially all around larger mid-diameter portion 164e of variable valve 164. However, bracket 200 (including brackets 200a and 200b) may have side walls and / or gussets as needed to prevent bracket 200 from flexing when placed under mounting stresses that compress O-rings 164a and 164b.

[0109] Bracket 200 (including brackets 200a and 200b) includes flanges 206 and 208 (collectively referred to as bracket member flanges 206a / 206b and 208a / 208b in FIGS. 7 and 8). Flanges 206 and 208 each define an opening 210 for receiving fastener 166e. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5, fastener 166e threadably engages pneumatic manifold 160, causing flanges 206 and 208 and associated bracket members 202 and 204 to bite against mid-diameter portion 164e of variable valve 164, thereby compressing O-rings 164a and 164b.

[0110] 7 and 8 illustrate different example shapes for bracket 200 (including brackets 200a and 200b). Bracket 200a is round with cylindrical sides (not shown) and may be easily produced, for example, via molding of a robust plastic. Bracket 200b is square with straight sides (not shown) and may be easily formed from metal. It should be understood that brackets 200a and 200b are each configured to distribute force evenly about mid-diameter portion 164e of variable valve 164. It should also be understood that brackets 200a and 200b are not limited to mounting valves such as variable valve 164, but instead may be used to sealingly mount other structures to manifolds such as pneumatic manifold 160, including binary valves, pressure gauges, pressure regulators, flow meters, filters, piping and tubing and associated fittings, and the like.

[0111] 9A and 9B, another mounting scenario for mounting the variable valve 164 is illustrated. The variable valve 164 as discussed above includes inner and outer O-rings 164a and 164b, an air pressure inlet 164c, and an annular air pressure outlet 164d. The inner O-ring 164a seals the air pressure inlet 164c, while the inner and outer O-rings 164a and 164b collectively seal the annular air pressure outlet 164d. The variable valve includes a port 264 that extends into the air pressure path 168 of the air pressure manifold 160. The port 264 includes an upper threaded portion 266 and a lower smooth portion 268. The upper threaded portion 266 and the lower smooth portion 268 are made from stainless steel in one embodiment. The upper threaded portion 266 in the illustrated embodiment includes male threads 266a that screw up into the body of the valve and reverse angled male threads 266b that screw down into the pneumatic passage 168 of the pneumatic manifold 160.

[0112] Pneumatic passage 168 includes an upper mating female threaded portion 168a and a lower mating smooth portion 168b. In FIG. 9A, lower smooth portion 168b is formed in part by an insert that is press fit into pneumatic manifold 160. In FIG. 9B, lower smooth portion 168b is formed directly in one or more of the plates of pneumatic manifold 160. In either case, the top of lower smooth portion 168b forms a step upon which a third O-ring 270 is seated. The step prevents O-ring 270 from being pushed down into pneumatic passage 168.

[0113] The length of the port 264 and its lower smooth portion 268 in combination with the location of the step and O-ring 270 ensure that the lower smooth portion 268 contacts the O-ring 270 and compresses it down to the lower smooth portion 168b prior to the male threads 266b engaging the upper mating female threaded portion 168a of the pneumatic passage 168. In this manner, a sealed chamber is created in advance of, and thus captures, any chips or particulates that are sheared off of the female threaded portion 168a of the pneumatic passage 168. The chips or particulates therefore cannot fall further into the pneumatic passage 168.

[0114] Figure 9A illustrates the lower smooth portion 268 just beginning to contact the O-ring 270 and compress it against the wall of the pneumatic passage 168. Figure 9B illustrates the variable valve 164 fully threaded into the pneumatic manifold 160. In Figure 9B, any chips or particulates that are sheared off of the female threaded portion 168a of the pneumatic passage 168 due to the threaded connection fall onto the top of the compressed O-ring 270 or against a small exposed section of the lower smooth portion 268, but do not fall further down into the pneumatic passage 168.

[0115] Although port 264 is illustrated as being part of variable valve 164, it should be understood that port 264 may instead be used to sealingly mount other structures to a manifold, such as pneumatic manifold 160, including binary valves, pressure gauges, pressure regulators, flow meters, filters, piping and tubing and associated fittings, and the like.

[0116] 10, further alternative mounting scenarios are illustrated for any type of pneumatic component, such as the variable valve 164, binary valve, pressure gauge, pressure regulator, flow meter, filter, piping and tubing, and associated fittings. The attachment mechanism 220 includes a port 264, as described below, that is attached to a body. The body may be any of the following: the variable valve 164, binary valve body, pressure gauge body, pressure regulator body, flow meter body, filter body, piping, tubing, and / or associated fittings. For purposes of illustration, the body will be described hereafter as that of the variable valve 164.

[0117] The variable valve 164 as discussed and illustrated above includes inner and outer O-rings 164a and 164b, an air pressure inlet 164c, and an annular air pressure outlet 164d. The inner O-ring 164a seals the air pressure inlet 164c, while the inner and outer O-rings 164a and 164b collectively seal the annular air pressure outlet 164d. The variable valve 164 again includes a port 264 that extends into the air pressure path 168 of the pneumatic manifold 160. The port 264 includes an upper threaded portion 266 and a lower smooth portion 268 that extends from the upper threaded portion 266. The upper threaded portion 266 and the lower smooth portion 268 are made from stainless steel, steel, titanium, aluminum, alloys and combinations thereof in various embodiments.

[0118] Pneumatic passage 168 includes an upper mating female threaded portion 168a and a lower mating smooth portion 168b. In Figure 10, lower smooth portion 168b is formed directly in one or more of the plates of pneumatic manifold 160. In contrast to Figures 9A and 9B, O-ring 270 is now positioned in a mating groove of lower smooth portion 268 of valve 164.

[0119] The length of the port 264 and its lower smooth portion 268 in combination with the placement of the O-ring 270 on the lower smooth portion 268 ensures that the O-ring 270 passes the female threads 168a and contacts and is compressed against the lower smooth portion 168b prior to the male threads 266 engaging the upper mating female threaded portion 168a of the pneumatic passage 168. Again, a sealed chamber is created prior to, and thus captures and confines, any chips or particulates that are sheared from the female threaded portion 168a of the pneumatic passage 168 or the male threaded portion 266 of the port 264. The chips or particulates therefore cannot fall further into the pneumatic passage 168.

[0120] Although the valves of Figures 9A, 9B, and 10 are described as being pneumatic valves, the valves may alternatively operate with other types of systems, such as water, hydraulic, or oil-based systems. The valves may alternatively be hydraulic valves, for example. The connection structures of Figures 6-10 may thus be used to prevent migration of particulates generated when threading mating elements of any pneumatic, hydraulic, water, or oil-based system from entering the flow path of the present system.

[0121] It should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present subject matter and without diminishing its intended advantages. Accordingly, such changes and modifications are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising: a medical fluid pump including a pneumatically actuated pump chamber and first and second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chambers located upstream and downstream, respectively, of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber; at least one of a positive air pressure source or a negative air pressure source, the at least one of the positive air pressure source or the negative air pressure source supplying positive or negative air pressure, respectively, to at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber; a pneumatic manifold including a plurality of pneumatic valves, the pneumatic manifold in fluid communication with (i) at least one of the pneumatically actuated pump chamber, the first pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, or the second pneumatically actuated medical fluid valve chamber, and (ii) the at least one positive pneumatic pressure source or a negative pneumatic pressure source; a faceplate connected to the manifold via at least one pneumatic line, the faceplate being removable such that the faceplate may be moved apart to access at least some of the plurality of pneumatic valves, the faceplate being configured to provide quick electrical connections to components of the pneumatic manifold; 1. A medical fluid delivery machine comprising:

2. 2. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 1, comprising: a machine frame; and a mounting assembly attached to the machine frame and carrying the pneumatic manifold, the mounting assembly including a fixed portion secured to the machine frame, and the faceplate being removably attached to the fixed portion.

3. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 2 , wherein the fixed portion includes first and second mounting flanges, and the faceplate is located between the first and second mounting flanges.

4. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 2 , wherein the fixed portion is bolted to the frame and the faceplate is bolted to the fixed portion.

5. The medical fluid delivery machine of claim 1 , wherein the faceplate is configured to provide quick pneumatic connections to multiple positive air pressure sources and multiple negative air pressure sources.

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