Method of producing rapidly effective organic fertilizer from organic waste

Abstract

To provide a production method capable of shortening a period of time for producing an organic fertilizer from organic waste.SOLUTION: A production method of rapidly effective organic fertilizer includes the steps of: pretreating organic waste selected from a group consisting of sludge, garbage, fishery waste, and animal or human excrement into a state ready to be subjected to fermentation processing with microorganisms; and subjecting the pretreated organic waste to fermentation processing with microorganisms. The pretreatment step includes: agitating and mixing super-heated steam and the organic waste using super-heated steam of 200°C or higher, preferably 250°C or higher and 500°C or lower; subjecting the organic waste to be reacted with super-heated steam in a temperature range of 150°C or higher and 300°C or lower; and decomposing, deodorizing, and sterilizing the organic waste while preventing the organic waste from being carbonized. Then the rapidly effective organic is produced while a period of time for fermentation with aerobic fermentation bacteria is shortened.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a fast-acting organic fertilizer from a pretreated product obtained by decomposing organic waste at a low temperature using a superheated steam reaction. [Background technology]

[0002] Organic fertilizers are not immediately effective after application, and most of them are slow-acting, starting to work after 30 to 40 days due to decomposition by microorganisms in the soil. In recent years, due to the soaring prices of chemical fertilizers, there is a demand for the production of fast-acting organic fertilizers by effectively utilizing the organic waste that is increasing in the city. Therefore, a technology has been proposed in which an approximately equal amount of cellulose substrate material such as sawdust, straw, rice husks, etc. is added to the organic waste, and microorganisms that ferment and decompose the organic matter are added to this, and after adjusting the moisture, fermentation treatment is performed (Patent Document 1), and organic fertilizer is produced from food waste and sludge discharged from sewage treatment facilities. However, this method requires time for pretreatment of the organic waste, so it takes as long as four months to obtain the organic fertilizer. In addition, this long fermentation treatment causes the emission of foul odors, which has an adverse effect on the environment.

[0003] In response to this, a method has been proposed in which high-temperature, high-pressure subcritical treatment at pressures of 15 to 40 atm and 200 to 250°C is carried out to decompose polymeric compounds such as proteins and cellulose in organic waste into peptides and hydrolyze the cellulose, thereby quickly carrying out the subsequent fermentation treatment (Patent Document 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] PCT / JP98 / 02655 publication [Patent Document 2] JP 2018-70386 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2010-216748 A [Patent Document 4] JP 2015-223542 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the above pretreatment method in subcritical conditions tends to result in a high carbonization rate of organic matter because the treatment is carried out in a subcritical condition under high temperature and pressure. Moreover, the treatment equipment must be a batch type, which limits the treatment capacity. In other words, a single pretreatment facility in a subcritical condition can treat 5 tons of sludge per day at most, which is far from the recent demand of treating 100 tons of sludge per day in 8 hours at one facility.

[0006] Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have found that, in order to promote the fermentation treatment of organic waste, 1) it is necessary to suppress the carbonization of the organic matter while decomposing the polymer compounds in the organic waste, and to make it suitable for the subsequent fermentation treatment, it is preferable to suppress the carbonization rate to 50% or less. On the other hand, 2) to aim to treat 100 tons of sludge per day in 8 hours at one business facility, a pretreatment process that can treat continuously, not batchwise, is necessary. Based on this knowledge, the present invention aims to devise a facility that can provide a pretreated material that meets these requirements, and to provide a treatment method that can shorten the time it takes to produce organic fertilizer from organic waste. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present inventors have been studying continuous treatment equipment to replace the batch-type pretreatment of organic waste in a subcritical state under high temperature and pressure, and as a result of intensive research, they have found that superheated steam has been used mainly as a drying means and carbonization means for high-water content sludge (Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4), but focusing on its reaction mechanism, it is possible to realize low-temperature decomposition treatment of organic waste by superheated steam reaction in the superheated steam reaction temperature range of 300°C or less, and that it is suitable for decomposing high molecular weight proteins and cellulose while suppressing the carbonization rate as a pretreatment for fermentation treatment. Therefore, in a superheated steam reactor equipped with a ribbon blender or the like with excellent stirring efficiency, in order to increase the contact efficiency between the superheated steam and the organic waste, the superheated steam reaction is carried out while suppressing the internal temperature of the organic waste to 300°C or less while stirring, and it is found that not only is dehydration carried out efficiently and the carbonization rate of the organic waste suppressed to 50%, but at the same time the organic waste is decomposed to accelerate the subsequent fermentation treatment, and the organic fertilizer is deodorized, sterilized, and harmless, and is produced in less than half the time required for conventional fermentation treatment.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a method for producing a fast-acting organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of pretreating organic waste with a high moisture content selected from the group consisting of sludge, food waste, marine waste, and animal or human excrement to a state that is easy to be fermented by microorganisms, and fermenting the pretreated organic waste by microorganisms, In the pretreatment step, the organic waste is mixed with a reaction accelerator made of a cellulose-based material in a volume ratio of 2:1 to 1:2 to have a moisture content of 50% or more, and the mixture is stirred and mixed with superheated steam at 200°C or more, preferably 250°C to 500°C, and preferably stirred so as to cause convection with a shearing action, and reacted with the superheated steam at a temperature range of 150°C to 300°C. In the fermentation step, the pretreated material to be fermented in the fermentation treatment facility is a mixture prepared by mixing the organic waste subjected to low-temperature decomposition treatment with the fermentation promoter containing the cellulose-containing substrate in a volume ratio of 2:1 to 1:3, and one or more microorganisms having a fermentation decomposition activity in an aerobic environment are selected from the following group: Note Bacteria: Bacillus subtilis;Bacillus stearothermophilus;Clostridium thermocellum, Mold: Aspergillus oryzae;Aspergillus niger;Aspergillus fumigatus;Chaetomium thermophile;Humicola lanuginosa;Rhizopus javanicus, Yeast: Candida glabrata;Debaryomyces hansenii;Hansenula anomala;Pichia membranaefaciens;Rhodotorula glutinis;Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Actinobacteria: Actinobifida dichotom;Streptomyces griseus;Streptomyces thermophilus;Thermoactinomyces vulgaris;Thermomonospora glaucus. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, organic waste is converted into low molecular weight organic waste suitable for fermentation by reaction with superheated steam, and this is then fermented, so that the fermentation time can be shortened to half, preferably to less than one third, of the conventional fermentation time, and the fermentation equipment can be made compact. Moreover, since the waste is deodorized, dehydrated, and sterilized by reaction with superheated steam, there is no environmental pollution. Considering its function, superheated steam has a higher heat capacity than hot air as shown in Figure 4, and has a temperature rise efficiency as shown in Figure 5. Since the superheated steam comes into contact with and penetrates the organic waste stirred in the superheated steam furnace, it is believed that the organic matter can be efficiently heated at low temperatures, decomposing the polymeric substances, and dehydrating and deodorizing the waste.

[0010] According to the method of the present invention, organic waste can be continuously treated, and 100 tons / day can be treated at one facility with 8-hour operation. In addition, compared to high-temperature, high-pressure subcritical treatment of organic waste, the carbonization rate of organic matter does not exceed 50%, so the efficiency of the subsequent fermentation treatment is not reduced. In the present invention, in order to increase the efficiency of the reaction with superheated steam, it is preferable that the organic waste contains a pretreatment promoter containing a cellulose-containing base material selected from the following group in a volume ratio of 2:1 to 1:3 relative to the organic waste. A plant-based cellulose substrate material including sawdust, wood chips, straw, rice husks, branches, bark, wood chips, and dried grass, crushed powder with an average length of 10±5 mm. In the case of cow manure, these cellulose substrate materials are laid in the cowshed, so there is no need to mix any cellulose substrate material into the manure collected from the cowshed.

[0011] In the pretreatment process, the superheated steam reactor is preferably equipped with a stirring means consisting of a ribbon blender, which can perform convective stirring with shearing action as a stirring and transporting means, and the reactor is preferably equipped with a superheated steam space of 50% or more. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3(b), a ribbon blender usually forms a double ribbon blade in the horizontal direction, and the stirring material flows inward due to the outer splash close to the case, and strong collisions occur repeatedly, while the stirring material flows outward due to the inner splash close to the main shaft, and hits the side case and moves to the outer blade, repeating the stirring motion with shearing action. Contact reaction with superheated steam occurs efficiently. By devising the ribbon shape, the stirring motion in the front, back, inside and outside can be adjusted, and the transportation from IN to OUT can be performed while stirring, but a transport roller conveyor can also be attached to the bottom of the reactor.

[0012] In the pretreatment step, two or more superheated steam reactors may be connected together depending on the reaction processing capacity of each superheated steam reactor.

[0013] The organic waste to be treated by the present invention includes food waste such as vegetable scraps and fish bones, which are discharged in large quantities from food retailers such as supermarkets. Other examples include sludge discharged from sewage treatment facilities, which is generated when sewage is treated. Still other examples include livestock manure discharged from poultry farms and livestock farms. These wastes have a high moisture content, so they have traditionally been incinerated, but this requires a lot of energy and causes damage to the inner walls of combustion furnaces due to the high moisture content of the waste, so treatment companies have tended to avoid this method. However, if it can be turned into fertilizer in a short period of time, incineration will no longer be necessary, making it possible to reduce the environmental burden.

[0014] The process of fermenting organic waste is preferably a process of piling up a mixture of pretreated organic waste and wood waste and culturing it in a solid state under aerobic conditions while controlling the temperature and moisture content. This makes it possible to lower the molecular weight of polymers contained in the organic waste, improving the fertilizer effect, and to obtain a powdered organic fertilizer that is easy to apply.

[0015] It is preferable to mix the pretreated organic waste with the organic waste before pretreatment, and then subject the mixture to solid culture under aerobic conditions. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an entire superheated steam facility for performing pretreatment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of equipment for fermenting pretreated organic waste. [Diagram 3] (a) Schematic diagram of the superheated steam reactor in Figure 1, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the internal ribbon blender. [Figure 4] A comparison diagram of the heat capacity of superheated steam and hot air. [Diagram 5] This is a comparison diagram of the temperature rise of superheated steam and hot air. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a component analysis diagram of organic waste (cow dung) before superheated steam treatment. [Figure 7]FIG. 1 is a component analysis diagram of organic waste (cow dung) after superheated steam treatment. [Figure 8] Photograph of organic waste after superheated steam treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The method for producing an organic fertilizer described below is merely one example of an embodiment of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0018] In the facility of this embodiment, organic waste is pretreated by a superheated steam reaction, and then fermented by microorganisms to produce organic fertilizer. As the raw organic waste, it is preferable to use at least one organic matter selected from the group consisting of sludge, food waste, and animal or human excrement.

[0019] The sludge includes sludge discharged from sewage treatment facilities. The food waste includes vegetable waste and fish waste such as fish bones discharged from food retailers such as supermarkets and households. The waste from animals or humans includes their human waste.

[0020] In the method of the present embodiment, since the moisture content can be reduced by treating the organic waste under a superheated steam reaction, even organic waste with a high moisture content can be treated without any problems to produce organic fertilizer. The moisture content of the organic waste may be, for example, 40 to 90% by mass, or 40 to 60% by mass.

[0021] The facility of this embodiment includes the pretreatment facility of Fig. 1 and the fermentation treatment facility of Fig. 2, and performs pretreatment with superheated steam before carrying out the process of fermenting organic waste. In the pretreatment process, the superheated steam pretreatment facility of Fig. 1 is used. The superheated steam facility includes a superheated steam reactor 100, a tank 110 for supplying organic waste, and a rotor 120 driven by a motor for supplying organic waste to the reactor. The reactor also includes a superheated steam supplying means 130, and inside the reactor is a ribbon blender 140 that conveys the charged organic waste and superheated steam from an inlet IN to an outlet OUT while stirring them.

[0022] As shown in Fig. 3(a), the superheated steam reactor 100 includes a superheated steam supply means 130 consisting of a boiler 131 and a superheated steam generator 132 for superheating the steam generated from the boiler 131, and a control panel 140 controls the boiler 131 and the superheated steam generator 132 to supply a predetermined amount of superheated steam to the reactor 130. The control panel 140 also controls a motor 160 for driving a ribbon blender 150 in the reactor to adjust the mixing speed.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 3(b), ribbon blender 150 provided inside reactor 130 is configured with inner blades 152 and outer blades 153 arranged around main shaft 151. The outer blades 153 close to the case cause the agitated material to flow inward, causing repeated strong collisions, while the inner blades 152 close to main shaft 151 cause the agitated material to flow outward, where it collides with the side case and moves to the outer blades, repeating a mixing motion accompanied by a shearing action.

[0024] In the present invention, the superheated steam reactor comprises a superheated steam supply means which produces superheated steam of 200°C or higher and injects the superheated steam into the furnace at a predetermined pressure, a stirring and transporting means which stirs and mixes the superheated steam from the superheated steam supplying means and organic waste while transporting them into the furnace from an inlet IN to an outlet OUT, and a reaction control means which reacts the stirred and transported organic waste with the superheated steam in a temperature range of 150°C or higher and 300°C or lower, and which decomposes, deodorizes and sterilizes the organic waste while suppressing its carbonization at low temperatures of 150°C or higher and 300°C or lower, thereby enabling pretreatment suitable for subsequent fermentation treatment.

[0025] Although the detailed mechanism by which the fermentation time of the material treated by the pretreatment equipment of the present invention is shortened is unclear, it is believed that the volume of the polymeric compounds in the organic waste becomes appropriately small, which causes cracks in the organic waste particles, making it easier for microorganisms to grow. It is believed that by fermenting the organic waste treated in this way, the fermentation period can be shortened compared to conventional methods.

[0026] The time for which the superheated steam reaction treatment is carried out may be determined depending on the moisture content of the organic waste, and may be, for example, until the organic waste after treatment turns brown in appearance (FIG. 8). As a further example, the heat treatment and pressure treatment are preferably carried out for 20 to 180 minutes, and more preferably for 20 to 60 minutes. By shortening the heat treatment and pressure treatment, the moisture content of the organic waste can be increased.

[0027] When fermenting organic waste, the organic waste is fermented by microorganisms. In the method of this embodiment, microorganisms capable of decomposing high molecular weight organic matter contained in the organic waste into low molecular weight organic matter are used. Examples of such microorganisms include microorganisms that grow under aerobic conditions. Examples of microorganisms that grow under aerobic conditions include bacteria: Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus stearothermophilus; Clostridium thermocellum; Mold: Aspergillus oryzae;Aspergillus niger;Aspergillus fumigatus;Chaetomium thermophile;Humicola lanuginosa;Rhizopus javanicus, Yeast: Candida glabrata;Debaryomyces hansenii;Hansenula anomala;Pichia membranaefaciens;Rhodotorula glutinis;Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Actinobacteria: Actinobifida dichotom;Streptomyces griseus;Streptomyces thermophilus;Thermoactinomyces vulgaris;Thermomonospora glaucus. and Monascus sp.

[0028] When fermenting organic waste, it is preferable to pile up the organic waste that has been subjected to heat treatment and pressure treatment, and perform solid culture under aerobic conditions while controlling the temperature and moisture content. In the method of this embodiment, the moisture content is controlled to be 40 to 75 mass%, and the temperature inside the organic waste is controlled to be 55 to 85°C. The temperature can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the fermentation heat depending on the height and width of the organic waste pile, or by the frequency of turning.

[0029] When fermenting the pretreated organic waste, it is preferable to mix wood waste such as sawdust, wood shavings, straw, branches, bark, and wood chips with the pretreated organic waste. As the fermentation progresses, the volume of the organic waste decreases, and it may become difficult to handle as an organic fertilizer. By mixing the wood waste with the pretreated organic waste, the organic waste can be attached to the surface of the wood waste, making it possible to produce an easy-to-handle powdered organic fertilizer.

[0030] If the moisture content of the organic waste after the superheated steam treatment is low, it is preferable to replenish moisture and perform solid culture under aerobic conditions. Since the moisture content of the organic waste before treatment is relatively high, by mixing this, the moisture content of the organic waste can be adjusted to a state suitable for the proliferation of microorganisms. The fermentation equipment uses a fermentation lane 200 shown in Figure 2, which is divided by a partition having a traveling rail 201, and is switched by a traveling device 300 that crosses the partition and turns the fermentation material by a device M (for example, the fermentation treatment equipment described in Patent No. 3378858 can be used). Specifically, the organic waste treatment method can be carried out as follows using the organic waste treatment facility shown in FIG. 2. That is, before a vehicle (truck) carrying organic waste such as sewage treatment sludge arrives, a cellulose substrate material consisting of sawdust, straw, rice husk, branches, bark, wood chips, bark, etc., or a mixture selected from these, is laid out in an approximately flat state in a sludge carrying yard in an amount equal to the amount of organic waste loaded on the truck (weight ratio). An active mixed microorganism (obtained from Fukunaga Microorganism Laboratory Co., Ltd. (Address: 2705 Funatsu-cho, Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture)) is added to this cellulose substrate material at a ratio of approximately 100 g per ton of the material to be treated. Then, the vehicle carrying the organic waste discharges the organic waste in a state of spreading it on the carbonaceous substrate. Next, the cellulose substrate material, organic waste, and active mixed microorganisms are stirred so that they are roughly evenly distributed using a bucket such as a shovel loader (or other device such as a crane bucket), and then water is sprayed to adjust the moisture content so that the overall moisture content is about 65 to 75% (preferably 70%). The pretreated material is then loaded into the fermentation lane 200 using a bucket such as the shovel loader. When the material is loaded into the fermentation lane 200, fresh air is supplied from the bottom side by an aeration device into the material (referred to as the material to be treated) in which the cellulose substrate material, organic waste, and active mixed microorganisms are stirred. In this embodiment, the turning device M is remotely operated by an operator once a day to bring the material into contact with fresh air and to turn the material from the bottom of the fermentation lane 200 to the surface. When the material to be treated is turned over in this manner, the turning device M transports the material to be treated about 1 to 2 m toward the tip of the fermentation lane 200. When the active mixed microorganisms are performing the fermentation action in the fermentation lane 1, the temperature inside the fermentation lane 1 is approximately 75 to 85°C. In other words, it is required to set the thickness of the material to be treated so that it becomes the above-mentioned internal temperature during the fermentation process. In addition, since the heat of the fermentation action causes moisture to evaporate, the moisture content of the material to be treated is adjusted by spraying water so that the moisture content is always 65 to 75% (preferably 70%).This moisture adjustment may be configured to be performed by spraying using a spray nozzle, or by providing the turning device M with a spray nozzle and a water tank (or a water source and a piping such as a hose may be connected to supply water). Then, as described above, aeration, moisture adjustment, and turning are performed, and the fermentation treatment is performed in the fermentation lane 200 for about two months or more. During this time, the active mixed microorganisms decompose the organic waste and the cellulose substrate material into useful organic matter. In this embodiment, the material to be treated is forwarded to the end of the 45 m long fermentation lane 1 by the turning device M for about two months or more. In the present invention, the fermentation time is reduced to at least half, preferably one third. In addition, the organic waste that had a foul odor can be deodorized by pretreatment. In the fermentation lane 200, the active mixed microorganisms perform organic decomposition, so there is almost no foul odor. The pre-treated material that has been sent to the end of the fermentation lane 200 is transported by a shovel loader to an aging yard, where the moisture is adjusted to about 50-65% (preferably about 60%) and the shovel loader is used to turn the material over once every 10-20 days. The material is aged in the aging yard to become an organic fertilizer that can be used for agriculture or horticulture.

[0031] The nutrient retention capacity of organic fertilizers can be evaluated by their cation exchange capacity (CEC value), because soil retains nutrients through cation exchange. EXAMPLES

[0032] The method for producing an organic fertilizer of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. A mixture of manure and sawdust was collected from a cowshed where sawdust was laid to a thickness of 15 to 20 cm, and used as organic waste. Manure and sawdust were mixed in a volume ratio of 50:50 or less, with a moisture content of 87% and other component ratios as shown in Figure 6. This organic waste was treated for 30 to 60 minutes in a pretreatment facility equipped with a superheated steam reactor as shown in Figure 1, resulting in the state shown in the photograph in Figure 8. The component analysis values ​​were as shown in Table 2 in Figure 7, with a moisture content of 57%. Comparing the components in Tables 1 and 2, it is noted that the nitrogen content decreased with the decrease in moisture content, and as a result, it is believed that amino acids were sublimated with the peptide formation of high molecular weight proteins. Although the hydrolysis results of cellulose are not clear from a comparison of Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the fermentation treatment time in the subsequent fermentation facility is at least half, making it a preferable material for fermentation treatment.

[0033] After pretreatment, sawdust was added as a cellulose substrate to the organic waste, and the moisture content of the organic waste was adjusted to 60% by mass. Microorganisms were added to the waste, which was then placed in a fermentation tank for solid-state cultivation. The microorganisms used were Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp.1, and Aspergillus oryzae.

[0034] Solid culture was carried out for one month while controlling the moisture content of the organic waste piled up in the culture tank to be 40-75% by mass and the temperature inside the organic waste to be 55-85°C. The moisture content was adjusted by adding sludge with a high moisture content. The temperature was adjusted by changing the frequency of turning. Below, the fertilizer efficacy of the organic fertilizer obtained by the pretreatment conditions and fermentation treatment was compared in terms of cation exchange capacity.

[0035] In Example 1, cow dung pretreated in the superheated steam reactor shown in Figure 1 in the temperature range of around 200°C, in Example 2 in the temperature range of around 250°C, and in Example 3 in the temperature range of around 300°C was used, while in Comparative Example 1, cow dung without pretreatment was used. The fermentation conditions were the same.

[0036] In the methods of Examples 1 to 3, the organic waste after pretreatment turned blackish brown, as shown in the photograph in Figure 8. The organic fertilizer fermented using this as a raw material had sufficient microorganisms propagating despite the fermentation period of only one month, which is shorter than conventional fermentation periods, and had a cation exchange capacity of around 100 me / 100 g, demonstrating excellent fertilizer effectiveness, whereas in Comparative Example 1, even with a fermentation period of more than two months, the general average value was around 50 me / 100 g.

[0037] The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil by grain size is usually 7-12 me / 100g for coarse soil, 12-25 me / 100g for medium soil, and 26-35 me / 100g for fine soil. While general organic fertilizers are effective at around 50 me / 100g, organic fertilizers pretreated with the equipment of the present invention not only have a fermentation time that is less than half, but also have a cation exchange capacity of around 100 me / 100g, demonstrating excellent nutrient retention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0038] 100 Superheated Steam Reactor 200 Fermentation Lanes 201 Running rail 300 Running gear M Turning device

Claims

1. A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of: pretreating an organic waste selected from the group consisting of sludge, food waste, marine waste, and animal or human waste to a state that is easy to be fermented by a microorganism; and fermenting the pretreated organic waste by a microorganism, In the pretreatment process, the organic waste is mixed with a vegetable cellulose substrate material, including sawdust, wood chips, straw, rice husks, branches, bark, wood chips, and dried grass, as a reaction accelerator in a volume ratio of 2:1 to 1:2 to have a moisture content of 50% or more, and this is stirred and mixed with superheated steam at 200°C or more, preferably 250°C to 500°C, to cause a superheated steam reaction in a temperature range of 150°C to 300°C. The fermentation step comprises mixing the organic waste subjected to low-temperature decomposition treatment with a fermentation promoter containing the cellulose-containing substrate in a volume ratio ranging from 2:1 to 1:3, and fermenting the mixture in an aerobic environment using one or more microorganisms having a fermentation decomposition activity selected from the following group: Note Bacteria: Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus stearothermophilus; Clostridium thermocellum, Mold: Aspergillus oryzae; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus fumigatus; Chaetomium thermophile; Humicola lanuginosa; Rhizopus javanicus, Yeast: Candida glabrata; Debaryomyces hansenii; Hansenula anomala; Pichia membranaefaciens; Rhodotorula glutinis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Actinomycetes: Actinobifida dichotomy; Streptomyces griseus; Streptomyces thermophilus; Thermoactinomyces vulgaris; Thermomonospora glaucus and Monascus sp.

2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment step is repeated two or more times depending on the reaction processing capacity of one superheated steam reactor.

3. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment time in the fermentation step is less than half the fermentation time of organic waste that is not pretreated.

Images