Method for cultivating grapes

Abstract

To provide a method for cultivating grapes that produces substantial flower spikes and produces a sufficient yield.SOLUTION: One aspect of the present invention is a method for cultivating grapes, comprising a cutting step of cutting off the tips of new shoots of the grapes and all flower spikes attached to the new shoots, and a coating step of coating the grapes with a chemical agent, the chemical agent including at least mepiquat chloride.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating grapes. [Background technology]

[0002] Rising temperatures due to global warming pose a threat to the quality of fruit trees. Grapes for winemaking also suffer from poor coloring, reduced acidity, and a lack of aroma due to the effects of global warming. Wine made from such grapes not only has a pale color with less anthocyanin, but also has a reduced quality, such as a lack of concentrated fruit flavor, acidity, and the characteristic aroma of the variety.

[0003] Countermeasures against global warming include relocating farms to cooler, higher latitudes or higher altitudes, and selecting and breeding grape varieties that can tolerate high temperatures, but these require a lot of money and time, and may lead to the decline of existing grape-producing areas.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for delaying fruit maturation to cooler periods by cutting off the shoots and the first inflorescences that grow from the fruiting branch and implanting the inflorescences on the accessory shoots. This method allows grapes with high sugar content and anthocyanin content to be harvested. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6670489 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, the method of implanting inflorescences on the accessory shoots has the problem that the inflorescences are small and the number of flower buds is small, resulting in a reduced yield. Furthermore, the inventors conducted further research and found that there are varieties in which the above-mentioned method hardly implants inflorescences on the accessory shoots.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and provides a method for cultivating grapes that produces full flower spikes and a sufficient yield. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] As a result of extensive research, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by specifying the site to be resected and further using a specific drug, and have thus completed the present invention.

[0009] According to the present invention, the following is provided: [1] A method for cultivating grapes, comprising: a cutting step of cutting off the tip of a new shoot of the grape and one or more inflorescences attached to the new shoot; and an application step of applying a chemical agent to the grapes, wherein the chemical agent includes at least mepiquat chloride. [2] The cultivation method described in [1], wherein the agent further contains benzylaminopurine. [3] The cultivation method according to [1] or [2], characterized in that the cutting of the tip of the new shoot in the cutting step is performed at the 2nd to 15th nodes from the fruiting branch. [4] The cultivation method described in [1] or [2], characterized in that the cutting of the tip of the new shoot in the cutting step is performed at the 5th to 10th node from the fruiting branch. [5] The cultivation method described in any one of [2] to [4], wherein the agent contains 0.010% by mass to 1.0% by mass of the mepiquat chloride and 0.0050% by mass to 0.10% by mass of the benzylaminopurine. [6] The cultivation method according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein in the pruning step, accessory shoots of the new shoots are further pruned. [7] The cultivation method described in [6], characterized in that the cutting step cuts the tip of the new shoot, the one or more inflorescences, and the accessory shoots at the same time. [8] The cultivation method described in [6] or [7], wherein the application step is carried out during the period from after the cutting step to just before the emergence of a second secondary shoot bud. [9] The cultivation method described in any of [1] to [8], wherein the grape variety is any species belonging to the genus Vitis or an interspecific hybrid with any one species belonging to the genus Vitis. Effect of the Invention

[0010] According to the present invention, a method for cultivating grapes is provided which produces full inflorescences and a sufficient yield. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a cultivation method according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing cutting positions in a cutting step according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the ablation process in one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the cutting process in another embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing cutting positions in a cutting step in another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the evaluation criteria for evaluating the observation results of inflorescences in a test using the Koshu variety. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a photograph showing inflorescences of each test plot at the time of harvest in a test using Chardonnay. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the average number of flower buds per flower spike harvested for each test plot in a test using Chardonnay. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] The present invention will be described in detail below. The present invention is not limited to these descriptions. The features of the embodiments described below can be combined with each other. In addition, each feature can be an invention independently.

[0013] <Terminology explanation> In this specification, for example, the description "X to Y" means that it is equal to or greater than X and equal to or less than Y.

[0014] <How to grow grapes> 1 is a flowchart showing one aspect of the cultivation method according to the present embodiment. The grape cultivation method according to the present embodiment includes a cutting step (S100) of cutting a part of the shoots, and an application step (S200) of applying a drug to the grapes.

[0015] The grape according to the present embodiment is preferably any species belonging to the genus Vitis, or an interspecific hybrid with any one of the species belonging to the genus Vitis, and more preferably any species of Vitis vinifera (e.g., Merlot, Chardonnay), V. labrusca (e.g., Concord), or V. amurensis (e.g., Manshuyama grape), or an interspecific hybrid with any one of Vitis vinifera, V. labrusca, or V. amurensis (e.g., Koshu, Shine Muscat, Muscat Bailey A). According to one aspect of the present invention, even in varieties that are difficult to form full inflorescences on the accessory shoots (e.g., Chardonnay) and varieties that hardly have inflorescences on the accessory shoots (e.g., Koshu, Shine Muscat), full inflorescences are formed, and sufficient yields can be ensured.

[0016] (excision process) The cutting step (S100) will be described below with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment and the drawings related to this embodiment, components with the same reference numerals have the same structure or function. In addition, each drawing is exaggerated for the purpose of explanation, and the scale may not be the same as the actual scale.

[0017] Fig. 2 is a diagram showing one mode of the cutting location of the grape 10 in the cutting step (S100). The cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment is performed, for example, by cutting the cutting location shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing one mode of the cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment. The cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment includes a tip cutting step (S101) for cutting the tip 22 of the shoot 20 of the grape 10, and a spike cutting step (S102) for cutting one or more inflorescences 24 (hereinafter referred to as first fruit spike 24) attached to the shoot 20. By the spike cutting step (S102), the first fruit spike 24 is no longer present on the shoot 20. As shown in FIG. 3, the cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment may be performed in the order of the tip cutting step (S101) and the flower spike cutting step (S102), or may be performed in the order of the flower spike cutting step (S102) and the tip cutting step (S101). If the tip cutting step (S101) is performed first and there is no first fruit flower spike 24 attached to the shoot 20, the tip cutting step (S102) is considered to be completed at the same time as the tip cutting step (S101) is completed. The cutting of the tip 22 of the shoot 20 is preferably performed at the 2nd to 15th node from the fruiting mother branch 30, and more preferably at the 5th to 10th node. If the tip 22 of the shoot 20 to be cut is such a part, the workability of training and the like can be improved. The tip 22 of the shoot 20 may be cut at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th or 15th node from the fruiting branch 30, or may be cut within a range between any two of the numerical values ​​exemplified herein.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing another aspect of the cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment. When the new shoot 20 has a subshoot 26 (hereinafter, the first subshoot 26) (yes in S103), the cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment preferably further includes a subshoot cutting step (S104) for cutting the first subshoot 26. By cutting the first subshoot 26 present at the base of the leaf 28, a new subshoot (hereinafter, the second subshoot) extends from the cut site, a full inflorescence is formed, and a sufficient yield can be ensured. In particular, even in a variety in which a full inflorescence is not easily formed on the first subshoot 26 or a variety in which almost no inflorescence is implanted on the first subshoot 26, a full inflorescence is formed on the second subshoot by cutting the first subshoot 26, and a sufficient yield can be ensured. In addition, the tip cutting step (S101), the inflorescence cutting step (S102), and the accessory top cutting step (S104) according to this embodiment may be performed in any order.

[0019] In the cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment, it is preferable that the tip cutting step (S101), the flower spike cutting step (S102), and the accessory shoot cutting step (S104) are performed simultaneously. In other words, in the cutting step according to this embodiment, it is preferable to cut the tip 22 of the shoot 20, one or more flower spikes 24 (first fruit flower spike 24) attached to the shoot 20, and the accessory shoot 26 (first accessory shoot 26) of the shoot 20 at the same time. In this specification, "at the same time" means that it is substantially at the same time in the cultivation process of the grape 10, and specifically, it means that it is performed within 3 weeks, within 1 week, within 3 days, or within 1 day. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing one aspect of the cut part of the grape 10 in the cutting step (S100). The cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment is performed, for example, by cutting the cut parts shown in FIG. 5 at the same time.

[0020] The timing of carrying out the cutting step (S100) according to this embodiment is appropriately determined according to the growth level of the grapes 10 and the climate of the cultivation area. The cutting step (S100) is carried out, for example, during the shoot elongation period, the flowering period, the fruiting period, and the granule enlargement period. At such times, the cutting step (S100) can be carried out efficiently, and further, the maturation of the fruit can be delayed to a cooler period.

[0021] (coating process) The application step (S200) according to this embodiment includes an application step of applying a drug to grapes. By applying the drug, the establishment of inflorescences is induced on the accessory shoots, and further, full inflorescences are formed.

[0022] The drug according to the present embodiment preferably contains at least mepiquat chloride, and more preferably contains both mepiquat chloride and benzylaminopurine. The drug according to the present embodiment may further contain known substances within the range that does not inhibit the effect of the present invention. Examples of substances that may be contained in the drug according to the present embodiment include gelling agents, thickening agents, stabilizers, and diluents.

[0023] The agent according to the present embodiment preferably contains 0.010% by mass to 1.0% by mass of mepiquat chloride, more preferably 0.10% by mass to 0.50% by mass. The mepiquat chloride content in the agent according to the present embodiment may be, for example, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040, 0.050, 0.060, 0.070, 0.080, 0.090, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90 or 1.0% by mass, or may be within a range between any two of the values ​​exemplified here. When the mepiquat chloride content in the agent is within such a range, the inflorescence is induced to implant on the accessory shoot, and a full inflorescence is formed.

[0024] The drug according to the present embodiment preferably contains 0.0050% by mass to 0.10% by mass of benzylaminopurine, more preferably 0.010% by mass to 0.050% by mass. The content of benzylaminopurine in the drug according to the present embodiment may be, for example, 0.0050, 0.0060, 0.0070, 0.0080, 0.0090, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040, 0.050, 0.060, 0.070, 0.080, 0.090 or 0.10% by mass, or may be within a range between any two of the values ​​exemplified here. When the content of benzylaminopurine in the drug is within such a range, the inflorescence is induced to implant on the accessory shoot, and a full inflorescence is formed.

[0025] When the agent according to the present embodiment contains both mepiquat chloride and benzylaminopurine, the content ratio of mepiquat chloride to benzylaminopurine (mepiquat chloride:benzylaminopurine; mass ratio) is preferably 20:1 to 2:1, and more preferably 15:1 to 5:1. When the content ratio of mepiquat chloride to benzylaminopurine is within such a range, the setting of inflorescences is induced on the accessory shoots, and a full inflorescence is formed.

[0026] The dosage form of the drug according to this embodiment can be appropriately set according to the application method. The drug according to this embodiment may be liquid, gel, or solid. The application method of the drug according to this embodiment is not particularly limited. When the drug is liquid, it can be applied to the application site (for example, the base of the leaf) using a sprayer such as a mister. When the drug is gel, the gel can be applied directly to the application site. When the drug is solid, it can be powdered and sprayed. Since the drug according to this embodiment can be applied directly to the application site, it is preferably liquid or gel, and more preferably gel. When the drug has such a dosage form, the drug is less likely to run off and is more likely to remain at the application site for a long period of time.

[0027] The application step (S200) according to this embodiment can be carried out after the cutting step (S100). When the accessory shoots of the new shoots are cut in the cutting step, it is preferable that the application step (S200) is carried out in the period from after the cutting step (S100) to just before the buds of the second accessory shoots emerge. The frequency of application of the agent according to this embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, application may be carried out only once, or multiple times. When application is carried out multiple times, application may be carried out once a week, or may be carried out once every two weeks. The agent according to this embodiment can be sufficiently effective even with such a small number of applications.

[0028] The grapes harvested by the cultivation method according to the present embodiment can be used as table grapes, and can also be suitably used for processed products such as wine. The cultivation method according to the present embodiment produces grapes with high sugar content, acidity, and anthocyanin content. EXAMPLES

[0029] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. Note that the examples described below are representative examples of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being narrowed by these examples.

[0030] <Example 1. Test using Koshu variety> The experiment was carried out on Koshu grapes grown using the short-shoot, straight-line training method. At the flowering stage, the shoots were cut between the 5th and 6th nodes from the fruiting branch, and all inflorescences attached to the shoots were excised. At the same time, the accessory shoot buds that had begun to grow from each node of the shoot were removed.

[0031] Next, distilled water or an aqueous solution of the drug diluted with distilled water (a 0.18% by mass aqueous solution of mepiquat chloride ("Mepiquat chloride" in the table), a 0.015% by mass aqueous solution of benzylaminopurine ("Benzylaminopurine" in the table), or a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.18% by mass of mepiquat chloride and 0.015% by mass of benzylaminopurine ("Mepiquat chloride + benzylaminopurine" in the table)) was applied to the base of the leaves using a sprayer.

[0032] For each test plot, it was confirmed that a second shoot had appeared at the base of the leaf at the fifth node from the fruiting branch about 15 days after application of the agent. After that, the grapes were cultivated according to normal cultivation management methods.

[0033] For each test plot, the shapes of the first and second inflorescences (or tendrils formed at the relevant locations) of 20 branches were observed before the inflorescences attached to the second secondary shoots bloomed. The observation results were evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria (see Figure 6). (Evaluation Criteria) A: Dense flower buds B: Flower buds are slightly sparse C: Flower buds are sparse N: Tendril

[0034] The results of evaluation according to the above evaluation criteria are shown in Table 1 (first spike) and Table 2 (second spike).

[0035] [Table 1]

[0036] [Table 2]

[0037] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, in the test plots treated with distilled water or benzylaminopurine only, the proportion of spikes or tendrils with sparse flower buds was high, and spikes with dense flower buds were not observed. On the other hand, in the test plots treated with mepiquat chloride only, the proportion of spikes with dense flower buds was higher than in the test plot treated with distilled water. Furthermore, the proportion of spikes with dense flower buds was the highest in the test plots treated with mepiquat chloride and benzylaminopurine.

[0038] <Example 2. Test using Chardonnay> The experiment was carried out on Chardonnay grapes grown in a short-shoot cordon-type training system. At the flowering stage, the shoots were cut between the 5th and 6th nodes from the fruiting branch, and all inflorescences attached to the shoots were excised. At the same time, the accessory shoot buds that had begun to grow from each node of the shoot were removed.

[0039] Next, distilled water or a chemical (a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.18% by mass of mepiquat chloride and 0.015% by mass of benzylaminopurine) was applied to the base of the leaves using a sprayer.

[0040] About 10 days after application of the agent, it was confirmed that a second shoot had appeared at the base of the fifth node from the fruiting branch for each test plot. After that, the grapes were cultivated according to normal cultivation management methods.

[0041] For each test plot, the first inflorescences attached to the second accessory shoot were collected (n=6). For comparison, the first inflorescences of grapes grown using normal cultivation management methods were collected (n=6). Figure 7 shows the appearance of the inflorescences in each test plot. In addition, the number of flower buds was counted for each collected inflorescence. The average number of flower buds per inflorescence in each test plot was calculated and the results are shown in Figure 8.

[0042] As shown in Figure 8, the average number of flower buds in the test plot where part of the new shoots was cut and distilled water was applied ("Adjunct cultivation / Distilled water" in Figures 7 and 8) was 183, which was about 60% of the average number of flower buds of 310 in the test plot where the shoots were cultivated by normal cultivation management methods ("Conventional cultivation" in Figures 7 and 8). On the other hand, the average number of flower buds in the test plot where part of the new shoots was cut and treated with mepiquat chloride and benzylaminopurine ("Adjunct cultivation / Drug" in Figures 7 and 8) was 236, which was about 1.3 times higher than the test plot treated with distilled water.

[0043] From the above results, it was found that when part of the new shoot was cut and treated with mepiquat chloride and benzylaminopurine, the flower buds on the spike became denser, ensuring a sufficient yield. [Explanation of symbols]

[0044] 10. Grapes 20 new shoots 22 Tip 24 Flower spike (first fruit flower spike) 26 Shoot (first shoot) 28 leaves 30 Result mother branch

Claims

1. A method for growing grapes, comprising the steps of: A cutting step of cutting off the tip of the grape shoot and one or more inflorescences attached to the shoot; and an application step of applying a drug to the grapes, A cultivation method wherein the agent contains at least mepiquat chloride.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1 , wherein the agent further comprises benzylaminopurine.

3. 3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting of the tip of the shoot in the cutting step is performed by cutting at the 2nd to 15th nodes from the fruiting branch.

4. 3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting of the tip of the shoot in the cutting step is performed by cutting at the 5th to 10th nodes from the fruiting branch.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the agent contains 0.010% by mass to 1.0% by mass of mepiquat chloride and 0.0050% by mass to 0.10% by mass of benzylaminopurine.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of cutting off the accessory shoots of the new shoots.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the cutting step cuts the tip of the shoot, the one or more inflorescences, and the accessory shoots simultaneously.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the applying step is carried out during a period from after the cutting step to immediately before the emergence of a second secondary shoot bud.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grape variety is any species belonging to the genus Vitis or an interspecific hybrid species with any one species belonging to the genus Vitis.

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