Lubricating oil composition containing functionalized olefin polymer with reduced conventional dispersant

Abstract

To provide a low-viscosity-grade engine oil that offers desired fuel economy benefits while reducing sludge, providing good soot handling, and exhibiting excellent wear characteristics.SOLUTION: A lubricating oil composition comprises: A) one or more base oils in the amount of at least 50 mass% relative to the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; (B) 0.01 to 20 mass% of a functionalized polymer containing a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, wherein i) the polymer before functionalization has a Mn of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), and ii) the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing an amino group and / or hydroxyl group; and (C) a detergent, wherein PIBSA-PAM with a Mn of 1,600 g / mol or more is either absent, substantially absent, or, if present, present in the amount such that the mass ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to high-molecular-weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] Priority This application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18 / 626,652, filed April 4, 2024, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 63 / 584,675, filed September 22, 2023. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18 / 480,571, filed October 4, 2023, which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 63 / 379,006, filed October 11, 2023, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 63 / 379,006, filed October 11, 2022, and applications claiming priority thereto.

[0002] The present disclosure provides functionalized polymers (e.g., polymers having amide, imide, and / or ester functionality, preferably having one or more C2-C backbones) as additives in lubricating oil compositions having good dispersancy in engine crankcase applications, particularly compression ignition engine applications. 30 Alpha olefins and C4-C 20 The present invention relates to a formulation comprising a functionalized homopolymer or copolymer derived from a conjugated diene, in which the conventional PIBSA-PAM dispersant is reduced or eliminated from the formulation. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on fuel economy. One approach to improving the fuel economy of vehicles is to design new lubricant oils that reduce friction while maintaining good film thickness for durability and wear protection, and also preventing soot-induced viscosity increase. In an attempt to improve fuel economy, the use and demand of low viscosity grades by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) is becoming more widespread. One of the challenges to provide engine and / or drivetrain transmission oils with such reduced viscosity grades is to maintain clarity. Such oils should be able to reduce sludge, provide good soot handling, and provide wear protection while providing the desired fuel economy benefits. These goals should be achieved while maintaining low levels of sulfated ash and phosphorus, as well as seal compatibility. There is a need to provide new engine oils with low viscosity grades that meet these requirements. Base oils are typically modified by adding additives such as viscosity index improvers (VIIs) and / or dispersants. VIIs can be used to reduce the degree of viscosity change of the lubricant with temperature and are often used to formulate engine and transmission lubricants. Common VIIs typically include polymeric materials that may be derived from ethylene-propylene copolymers, polymethacrylates, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyisobutylene, and the like. During engine operation, oil-insoluble oxidation by-products, such as soot, are produced. Dispersants help keep these by-products in suspension or in solution, thus reducing their deposition on metal surfaces. Common dispersants include (poly)alkenyl succinic acid derivatives, such as hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides, such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA), and hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, such as polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSA-PAM), such as those derived from the reaction of maleated polyisobutylene with N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, or one or more monoamines and / or polyamines. Useful dispersants include polyisobutenes that have been modified by ene or Diels-Alder reactions to include functional groups, such as succinimide, hydroxyethylimide, succinic ester / amide, and oxazoline. Other dispersants include Mannich base derivatives of polybutene, ethylene propylene polymers, and acrylic polymers.

[0004] Other dispersants are derived from the reaction of maleated polyalpha-olefins (such as ethylene-propylene copolymers) with polyamines. U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,257 relates to additives for lubricating oil compositions, including multifunctional olefin copolymer viscosity index improvers. Maleic anhydride is reacted or grafted with an ethylene-propylene copolymer backbone in the presence of a solvent, and the grafted copolymer is then reacted with a polyamine, such as an N-arylphenylenediamine, in the presence of a surfactant to provide a multifunctional olefin copolymer viscosity index improver. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,258 discloses a method for the preparation of a multifunctional olefin copolymer viscosity index improver comprising reacting maleic anhydride with an ethylene-propylene copolymer backbone in the presence of a solvent, and then reacting the grafted copolymer with a polyamine, such as an N-arylphenylenediamine, in the presence of a surfactant to provide a multifunctional olefin copolymer viscosity index improver. 23 The present invention relates to multifunctional fuel and lubricity additives derived from acylated and then aminated copolymers of alpha olefins. Still other dispersants are derived from styrenic copolymers: US Patent No. 6,248,702 discloses a maleated selectively hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer (Mn 10,000, Example 1) reacted with aminopropylmorpholine to form a dispersant material.

[0005] Still other dispersants are derived from copolymers of two different conjugated dienes, such as block copolymers of isoprene and butadiene. US Patent No. 5,780,540 discloses functionalized selectively hydrogenated isoprene-butadiene diblock copolymers in automotive additive packages. Examples show the use of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine in combination with polyethylene glycol monoalcohol, 4-(3-aminopropylmorpholine), and / or 3-dibutylaminopropylamine to functionalize maleated 10,000 Mn and / or 20,000 Mn isoprene-butadiene copolymers. Examples 1 and 2 show that using 2,2' dipyridyl to prepare IB copolymers is less likely to have high 1,4 insertions. Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 6,319,881 discloses functionalized selectively hydrogenated isoprene butadiene diblock copolymers in automotive additive packages. Example IV shows a maleated selectively hydrogenated isoprene butadiene diblock copolymer (Mn 15,000) reacted with aminopropyl morpholine to form a morpholinopropyl succinimide adduct, which is then used as a dispersant in the additive package (Example V).

[0006] US Patent No. 5,073,600 relates to a reactive extrusion process for functionalizing (e.g., maleinizing followed by aminating) copolymers of conjugated diolefins, typically having Mn of 500,000 to about 3,000,000. The examples show hydrogenated "low" molecular weight star polymers of hydrogenated homo-polyisoprene with an average of 15 arms (35,000 Mn per arm) reacted with maleic anhydride and diethylaminopropylamine in a reactive extruder. There remains a need to provide alternative or improved engine oil compositions that provide reduced deposits and / or greater flexibility in formulation. The present disclosure provides engine oil compositions that include grafted multifunctional olefin copolymers to provide improved formulation windows (including, but not limited to, improved ability to target specific viscosities and / or base stock flexibility) while also allowing the reduction or elimination of traditional dispersants, such as PIBSA-PAM. Furthermore, the present disclosure addresses such needs by using functionalized polymers that are hydrogenated and functionalized and include narrow molecular weight distribution polymers of one or more conjugated dienes. Dispersants include compositions that include copolymers of two different conjugated dienes or homopolymers of conjugated dienes. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers with highly controlled molecular weight distributions, allowing for uniform functionalization. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils, that have been dispersant and / or viscosification modified by the functionalized polymers of the present disclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising: A) at least 50 mass % of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and B) 0.01 to 20 wt. % of a functionalized polymer, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, wherein the functionalized polymer is i) having a Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS); ii) the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups (i.e., the polymer is functionalized with an acylating agent and subsequently reacted with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups); iii) Optionally, the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is 30 (Preferably linear) alpha olefins and C4-C 20derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes; a polyalkenyl succinimide, the polyalkenyl being derived from a polyisobutylene having a Mn(GPC-PS) of 1,600 g / mol or greater and the imide being derived from a polyamine; the polyalkenyl succinimide ("high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM") being absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, being present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; the functionalized polymer, and (C) a detergent, optionally selected from neutral alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents, and overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents; The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0008] The present disclosure relates to a lubricant formulation comprising: a) C 4~5 1. A functionalized polymer comprising an amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated copolymer comprising an olefin, i) Mw / Mn less than 2; ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (GPC-PS as described in the Experimental Section below), and iii) Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), except that if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). and b) less than 5% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of a polymer of a C4 olefin, e.g., isobutylene, having a Mn of 1200 g / mol or more (e.g., 1600 mol / g or more), and a succinimide dispersant comprising imide functionality, said dispersant comprising: i) has a functionality distribution (Fd) value (GPC-PS as described in the Experimental Section below) of greater than 3.5; Optionally, the succinimide dispersant is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (B) to succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1. The present invention further relates to a lubricating oil formulation comprising

[0009] Typically, succinimide dispersants are PIBSA-PAM dispersants, i.e., dispersants made by treating a polyisobutylene polymer with an acylating agent (e.g., maleic acid or maleic anhydride) and then combining the acylated polymer with one or more polyamines to form amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized polyisobutylene. According to yet a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a lubricating oil composition as described above, the lubricating oil composition having an SAE viscosity grade of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 (e.g., 30 or 40). See standard SAE J300 published in January 2015 by SAE International, formerly known as the Society of Automotive Engineers.

[0010] definition For all purposes of this specification and the claims thereto, the following words and expressions, if and when used, have the meanings set forth below. For purposes of this specification, the new numbering scheme of the Periodic Table of the Elements as set forth in CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS, Vol. 63(No. 5), p. 27 (1985) will be used, i.e., the alkali metals are the Group 1 metals (e.g., Li, Na, K, etc.) and the alkaline earth metals are the Group 2 metals (e.g., Mg, Ca, Ba, etc.). The term "comprising" or any cognate term specifies the presence of the stated features, steps, or integers, or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, integers, components, or groups thereof. The phrases "consists of" or "consists essentially of" or cognate terms may be subsumed within "comprises" or cognate terms. "Consisting essentially of" permits the inclusion of substances that do not materially affect the characteristics of the composition to which it is applied. The term "absent" with respect to components included within the lubricating oil compositions described herein and the claims thereto means that a particular component is present at 0.000 mass %, or when "substantially absent", based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition, the component is present at a level that does not affect the lubricating oil composition properties, such as less than 2 mass %, such as less than 1 mass %, such as less than 0.5 mass %, such as less than 1000 ppm, such as less than 100 ppm, such as less than 10 ppm, or less than 1 ppm, or less than 0.001 ppm.

[0011] The term "about" means approximately and includes values ​​obtained by rounding a numerical value. As used herein, the term "about" to modify the amount of an ingredient, component, or reactant of the present invention used refers to the variation in the numerical amount that may occur due to typical measuring and liquid handling procedures used, for example, to make a concentrate or lubricant composition. Furthermore, variations may occur due to inadvertent errors in measuring procedures, differences in the manufacturer, source, or purity of ingredients used to make the composition or practice the method, and the like. In one embodiment, the term "about" means within 10% of the reported numerical value. In another embodiment, the term "about" means within 5% of the reported numerical value. In yet another embodiment, the term "about" means within 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% of the reported numerical value.

[0012] The term "LOC" means a lubricating oil composition. The term "major amount" means, based on the weight of the composition, more than 50% by weight of the composition, such as more than 60% by weight of the composition, such as more than 70% by weight of the composition, such as 80-99.009% by weight of the composition, for example 80-99.9, 80-99.009% by weight of the composition. The term "small amount" means, based on the weight of the composition, 50% by weight or less of the composition, such as 40% by weight or less of the composition, such as 30% by weight or less of the composition, for example 20 to 0.001% by weight, for example 20 to 0.1% by weight. The term "effective amount" with respect to an additive means the amount of such additive in a lubricating oil composition such that the additive provides its desired technical effect. The term "effective minor amount" with respect to an additive means an amount of such additive that is less than 50 mass % of the lubricating oil composition such that the additive provides the desired technical effect. The term "effective major amount" with respect to an additive means an amount of such additive of 50% by weight or more of a lubricating oil composition such that the additive provides a desired technical effect.

[0013] The term "% by weight", unless otherwise indicated, means the weight percent of a component based on the weight of the composition measured in grams, alternatively referred to as weight percent ("weight%", "wt%", or "w / w%"). The term "active ingredient" (also referred to as "ai", "ai" or "AI") refers to an additive that is not a diluent or solvent. Unless otherwise indicated, amounts herein are listed as active ingredient. The terms "oil-soluble" and "oil-dispersible" or related terms used herein do not necessarily indicate that a compound or additive is soluble, dissolvable, miscible, or suspendable in oil in any proportion. However, such terms mean that the compound or additive is, for example, soluble or stably dispersible in oil to a sufficient degree to exert its intended effect in the environment in which the oil is used. Furthermore, the incorporation of other additives may also allow for the incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive, if necessary.

[0014] The term "hydrocarbon" refers to a compound of hydrogen and carbon atoms. A "heteroatom" is an atom other than carbon or hydrogen. When "hydrocarbons", particularly "refined hydrocarbons", are referred to, the hydrocarbon may also contain minor amounts (e.g., amounts in which the heteroatoms do not substantially alter the hydrocarbon character of the hydrocarbon compound) of one or more heteroatoms or heteroatom-containing groups (e.g., halo, especially chloro and fluoro, amino, alkoxyl, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, sulfoxy, etc.). The terms "group" and "radical" are used interchangeably herein. The term "hydrocarbyl" refers to a radical that contains hydrogen and carbon atoms. Preferably, the group consists essentially, and more preferably only, of hydrogen and carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified. Preferably, the hydrocarbyl group comprises an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group. The term "hydrocarbyl" includes "alkyl", "alkenyl", "alkynyl", and "aryl" as defined herein. The hydrocarbyl group may contain one or more atoms / groups other than carbon and hydrogen, so long as they do not affect the essentially hydrocarbyl nature of the hydrocarbyl group. Those skilled in the art will recognize such atoms / groups (e.g., halo, especially chloro and fluoro, amino, alkoxyl, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, sulfoxy, etc.).

[0015] The term "alkyl" refers to a radical of carbon and hydrogen (e.g., C1-C30 Groups, e.g. C1-C 12 The alkyl group in the compound is typically directly attached to the compound via a carbon atom. Unless otherwise specified, the alkyl group may be linear (i.e., unbranched) or branched, and may be cyclic, acyclic, or partially cyclic / acyclic. Preferably, the alkyl group comprises a linear or branched acyclic alkyl group. Representative examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neo-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, dimethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, icosyl, and triacontyl.

[0016] The term "alkenyl" refers to a radical of carbon and hydrogen having at least one double bond (e.g., C2-C 30 Radicals, e.g. C2-C 12 Radicals). An alkenyl group in a compound is typically directly attached to the compound via a carbon atom. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenyl group can be straight-chained (i.e., unbranched) or branched, cyclic, acyclic, or partly cyclic / acyclic. The term "alkylene" refers to any C1-C alkyl group that may be linear or branched. 20 , preferably C1 to C 10 Representative examples of alkylene include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, 1-methylethylene, 1-ethylethylene, 1-ethyl-2-methylethylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, and 1-ethylpropylene.

[0017] An "olefin", alternatively referred to as an "alkene", is a linear, branched, or cyclic compound of carbon and hydrogen having at least one double bond. An "alpha olefin" is an olefin having a double bond in the alpha position. A "conjugated diene" is a diene having two double bonds separated by a single bond. For purposes of this invention and its claims, styrene is considered a conjugated diene. For purposes of this specification and its appended claims, when a polymer or copolymer is said to comprise an olefin, the olefin present in such polymer or copolymer is the polymerized form of the olefin. For example, when a copolymer is said to have an "isoprene" content of 55% to 95% by weight, the monomeric units of the copolymer are derived from isoprene in the polymerization reaction, and such derived units are present at 55% to 95% by weight based on the weight of the copolymer. A "polymer" has two or more of the same or different monomeric units. A "homopolymer" is a polymer having the same monomeric units. A "copolymer" is a polymer having two or more monomeric units that are different from each other. "Different" as used to refer to monomeric units indicates that the monomeric units differ from each other by at least one atom or are isomerically different. An "isoprene polymer" or "isoprene copolymer" is a polymer or copolymer that contains at least 50 mol % of units derived from isoprene, a "butadiene polymer" or "butadiene copolymer" is a polymer or copolymer that contains at least 50 mol % of units derived from butadiene, and so forth. Similarly, when a polymer is "C 4~5 When a polymer or copolymer is referred to as a "partially or fully saturated polymer containing an olefin," the C 4~5 Olefins are the polymerized form of olefins, the polymers being partially or fully saturated (eg, by hydrogenation) after polymerization of the monomers.

[0018] The term "alkynyl" refers to a C-C alkyl group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. 30 (For example, C2~C 12 ) radical. The term "aryl" refers to a group that contains at least one aromatic ring, such as cyclopentadiene, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and the like. Aryl groups are typically C5-C aryl groups that may be substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl groups, heteroatoms, or heteroatom-containing groups (e.g., halo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, and amino groups). 40 (For example, C5~C 18 For example, C6~C 14 ) aryl groups. Preferred aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl groups and substituted derivatives thereof, particularly phenyl and alkyl substituted derivatives of phenyl. The term "substituted" means that a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom, or a heteroatom-containing group. Alkyl-substituted derivatives mean that a hydrogen atom has been replaced with an alkyl group. "Alkyl-substituted phenyl" means that a hydrogen atom has been replaced with an alkyl group, such as a C1-C 20 Phenyl groups substituted with alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neo-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, dimethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, icosyl, and / or triacontyl.

[0019] The term "halogen" or "halo" means a Group 17 atom or a radical of a Group 17 atom, for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo. The term "ashless" with respect to the additive means that the composition is metal-free. The term "ash-containing" with respect to the additive means that the composition contains metals. The term "ppm," unless otherwise indicated, means mass percentage based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. The term "metal content" of a lubricating oil composition or of an additive component, such as the magnesium content, molybdenum content, or total metal content (i.e. the sum of all individual metal contents), is measured according to ASTM D5185.

[0020] The term "aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid" refers to an aliphatic C7-C 29 , preferably C9 to C 27 , most preferably C 11 ~C 23 It means a monocarboxylic acid having a hydrocarbyl chain. Such compounds are referred to herein as aliphatic (C7-C 29 ), more preferably (C9 to C 27 ), most preferably (C 11 ~C 23 ) hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acid, or hydrocarbyl fatty acid, x ~C y refers to the total number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain of the fatty acid; the fatty acid itself, due to the presence of carboxyl carbon atoms, has a total of C x+1 ~C y+1 Preferably, the aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid has an even number of carbon atoms, including the carboxyl carbon atom. The aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain of the fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated (i.e., contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond). Preferably, the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain is unsaturated and contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and such fatty acids can be obtained from natural sources (e.g., derived from animal or vegetable oils) and / or by reduction of the corresponding saturated fatty acids. It will be understood that a portion of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain of the corresponding aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester is unsaturated (i.e., contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond) and can be reacted with other agents, such as sulfur, to form the corresponding functionalized, e.g., sulfurized, aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester.

[0021] The term "aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester" refers to an ester obtainable by converting a monocarboxylic acid functional group of a corresponding aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid into an ester group. Suitably, the monocarboxylic acid functional group of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid is converted into a hydrocarbyl ester, preferably a C1-C 30 The fatty acid functional group of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid may be converted to an aliphatic hydrocarbyl ester, such as an alkyl ester, preferably a C1-C6 alkyl ester, in particular a methyl ester. Alternatively or additionally, the monocarboxylic acid functional group of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid may be in the form of a natural glycerol ester. Thus, the term "aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester" includes aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid glycerol esters and aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid C1-C 30 It includes aliphatic hydrocarbyl esters [e.g., aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid alkyl esters, more preferably aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid C1-C6 alkyl esters, especially aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid methyl esters]. Suitably, the term "aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester" includes aliphatic (C7-C 29 ) hydrocarbyl, more preferably aliphatic (C9-C 27 ) hydrocarbyl, most preferably aliphatic (C 11 ~C 23 ) Hydrocarbyl fatty acid glycerol esters, and aliphatic (C7-C 29 ) hydrocarbyl, more preferably aliphatic (C9-C 27 ) hydrocarbyl, most preferably aliphatic (C 11 ~C 23 ) Hydrocarbyl fatty acids C1-C 30 Preferably, a portion of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain of the fatty acid ester is unsaturated and contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond to allow for functionalization, e.g., sulfurization, of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester.

[0022] The term "sulfurized aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester" means a compound obtained by sulfurizing an aliphatic hydrocarbyl fatty acid ester, as defined herein. The term "absent" with respect to components contained within the lubricating oil compositions and claims thereto described herein means that a particular component is present at 0 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, or, if present in the lubricating oil composition, the component is present at a level that does not affect the lubricating oil composition properties, e.g., less than 10 ppm, or less than 1 ppm, or less than 0.001 ppm. The term "absent", when used in reference to monomeric reactants and / or repeat units in a (co)polymer described herein, means that the component is present at 0 wt. % or at a level so low that, if present, it does not substantially affect the physical properties of the (co)polymer, e.g., 0.2 wt. % or less or 0.1 wt. % or less, based on the weight of all (co)monomers in the (co)polymer.

[0023] As used herein, Mn is the number average molecular weight, Mw is the weight average molecular weight, and Mz is the z-average molecular weight. Molecular weight distribution (MWD), also called polydispersity index (PDI), is defined as Mw divided by Mn. Unless otherwise stated, all molecular weight units (e.g., Mw, Mn, Mz) are reported in g / mol. When used in the context of functionalized polymers (e.g., dispersants, functionalized styrenic polymers, etc.), molecular weights are typically reported based on the base polymer prior to modification. For example, PIBSA-PAM dispersant molecular weights are typically reported with respect to the base polyisobutylene polymer prior to functionalization with the acylating agent (maleic acid or maleic anhydride) and functional group (e.g., polyamine). "Total Base Number," also referred to as "TBN," with respect to an additive component or of a lubricating oil composition (i.e., a virgin lubricating oil composition) means the Total Base Number as determined by ASTM D2896 and is reported in mg KOH / g.

[0024] Total Acid Number ("TAN") is determined by ASTM D664. The phosphorus, boron, calcium, zinc, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, and magnesium contents are determined by ASTM D5185. "Sulfur Content" in oil formulations is measured by ASTM D5185. Sulfated ash ("SASH") content is measured by ASTM D874. Kinematic viscosity (KV100, KV40) was determined according to ASTM D445-19a and is reported in cSt unless otherwise specified. Viscosity index is determined in accordance with ASTM D2270. Saponification number was determined by ASTM D94 and is reported in mg KOH / g. "HTCBT, High Temperature Corrosion Bench Test" is determined in accordance with ASTM D6594. Average functionality (also referred to as average functionality value (Fv)) and functionality distribution (Fd) values ​​are determined by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene standards as described in the experimental section of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 379,006, filed October 11, 2022. See also U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 480,571, filed October 4, 2023, which claims priority to and benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 379,006, filed October 11, 2022. PIBSA is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride. PIBSA-PAM refers to a polyisobutylene succinimide, e.g., the reaction product of PIBSA and a polyamine. When PIBSA-PAM is indicated as having a particular number average molecular weight (Mn), unless otherwise indicated, the molecular weight value refers to the Mn of the polyisobutylene from which the PIBSA-PAM is derived.

[0025] Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages reported are weight percent on an active ingredient basis, that is, without regard to carrier or diluent oil, unless otherwise indicated. It will also be understood that the various ingredients used, essential as well as optional and conventional ingredients, may react under conditions of formulation, storage, or use, and that the present disclosure also provides products that may result or result as a result of any such reactions. Further, it is understood that all upper and lower amount, range and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. It will also be understood that the preferred features of each aspect of the disclosure are deemed to be preferred features of every other aspect of the disclosure, and thus the preferred and more preferred features of one aspect of the disclosure may be independently combined with other preferred and / or more preferred features of the same or different aspects of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0026] Now, features of the present disclosure with respect to each and every aspect of the present disclosure will be described in further detail below, where appropriate. The lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure contain components that may or may not remain chemically the same before and after mixing with an oil-based carrier (e.g., base oil) and / or other additives. This disclosure encompasses compositions that contain the components before mixing, after mixing, or both before and after mixing.

[0027] lubricating oil composition The present disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition (also referred to as "LOC", "lubricant composition", "lubricating composition", or "lubricant oil composition"), the lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) 1 to 99% (alternatively 30 to 95% by weight, alternatively 50 to 90% by weight, alternatively 60 to 95% by weight, alternatively 70 to 85% by weight) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (b) 0.01 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.05 to 20% by weight, alternatively 0.10 to 15% by weight, alternatively 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 2% by weight, alternatively 0.5 to 1% by weight) of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group (e.g. a group derived from an amine group or a hydroxyl group), based on the weight of the composition, and having an Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), preferably functionalized with an acylating agent and then reacted with a compound comprising an amino group and / or a hydroxyl group (e.g. 2~5 a functionalized polymer having i) a Mw / Mn of less than 2, ii) optionally a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (GPC-PS, as described in the experimental section below), and iii) a Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), except that if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, then the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS); c) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 3% by weight) of one or more detergents (optionally one or more neutral or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents), based on the weight of the composition; d) from 0 to 20 wt. % (e.g., absent or substantially absent in the lubricating oil composition, alternatively from 0.1 to 12 wt. %, alternatively from 0.25 to 8 wt. %, alternatively from 0.5 to 5 wt. %, alternatively from 0.05 to 3 wt. %, alternatively from 0.05 to 1 wt. %) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants (e.g., a blend of dispersants), based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, where the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has a Mn of 1100 g / mol or greater (e.g., 1200 g / mol or greater, such as 1300 g / mol or greater, such as 1,600 g / mol or greater) (GPC-PS), and the imide is derived from a polyamine, and where the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (b) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant, if present, is at least 0.25:1; and e) optionally, from 0 to 20 mass % (e.g., absent or substantially absent in the lubricating oil composition, alternatively from 0.1 to 12 mass %, alternatively from 0.25 to 8 mass %, alternatively from 0.5 to 5 mass %, alternatively from 0.05 to 3 mass %, alternatively from 0.05 to 1 mass %) of a dispersant other than b) or d) above, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition, and if present, the mass ratio of the functionalized polymer (b) to the dispersant other than b) or d) is at least 0.25:1. is obtained from containing or mixing; The lubricating oil composition preferably comprises 1) SAE viscosity grades of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X (e.g., 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X), where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 (e.g., 30 and 40); and 2) optionally, a total sediment of 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, such as 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, such as 25 mg or less, such as 20 mg or less, such as 15 mg or less, as determined by MHT-4 TEOST (ASTM D7097); The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition which may exhibit

[0028] The present disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition, the lubricating oil composition comprising: (i) 1 to 99% (alternatively 30 to 95% by weight, alternatively 50 to 90% by weight, alternatively 60 to 95% by weight, alternatively 70 to 85% by weight) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (ii) from 0 to 20 wt % (in particular from 0.01 to 12 wt %, alternatively from 0.1 to 8 wt %, alternatively from 0.2 to 5 wt %, alternatively) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants (e.g. blends of dispersants) different from (v) below, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, and when such dispersants are present, the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (v) to dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (preferably, when the dispersant comprises a polyalkenyl succinimide in which the polyalkenyl is derived from a polyisobutylene having a Mn of 1,600 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) and the imide is derived from a polyamine, the polyalkenyl succinimide is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (v) to polyalkenyl succinimide is at least 0.25:1); and (iii) from 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular from 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively from 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively from 0.25 to 3% by weight) of one or more detergents (optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents), based on the weight of the composition; (iv) 0.001 to 10 mass % (in particular 0.01 to 5 mass %, alternatively 0.1 to 3 mass %, alternatively 0.25 to 1.5 mass %, alternatively 0.5 to 1.0 mass %) of one or more anti-wear agents (e.g. a blend of anti-wear agents, e.g. zinc dialkyldithiophosphates), based on the total mass of the lubricating composition; (v) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 2% by weight, alternatively 0.5 to 1% by weight), based on the weight of the composition, of C 4~5 one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers containing olefins; i) Mw / Mn less than 2; ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (GPC-PS), and i) one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers having a Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), but preferably a Mn of the copolymer greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS) if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene; is obtained from containing or mixing; The lubricating oil composition preferably comprises 1) SAE viscosity grades of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X (e.g., 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X), where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 (e.g., 30 and 40); and 2) optionally a total sediment of 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, for example 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, for example 25 mg or less, for example 20 mg or less, for example 15 mg or less, as determined by MHT-4 TEOST; and / or 3) optionally a coefficient of friction of 0.13 or less, such as 0.12 or less, for example 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, for example 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, for example 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, for example 0.05 or less, such as 0.045 or less (determined by HFRR as described in the Experimental section below); The present invention also relates to a lubricating oil composition which may exhibit

[0029] The present disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition, the lubricating oil composition comprising: (i) 1 to 99% (alternatively 30 to 95% by weight, alternatively 50 to 90% by weight, alternatively 60 to 95% by weight, alternatively 70 to 85% by weight) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (ii) from 0 to 20 wt % (in particular from 0.01 to 12 wt %, alternatively from 0.1 to 8 wt %, alternatively from 0.2 to 5 wt %, alternatively) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants (e.g. blends of dispersants) different from (v) below, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, and when such dispersants are present, the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (v) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.75:1 (preferably, when the dispersant comprises a polyalkenyl succinimide wherein the polyalkenyl is derived from a polyisobutylene having a Mn of 1,600 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) and the imide is derived from a polyamine, the polyalkenyl succinimide is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of functionalized polymer (v) to polyalkenyl succinimide is at least 1:1); and (iii) from 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular from 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively from 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively from 0.25 to 3% by weight) of one or more detergents (optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents), based on the weight of the composition; (iv) 0.001 to 10 mass % (in particular 0.01 to 5 mass %, alternatively 0.1 to 3 mass %, alternatively 0.25 to 1.5 mass %, alternatively 0.5 to 1.0 mass %) of one or more anti-wear agents (e.g. a blend of anti-wear agents, e.g. zinc dialkyldithiophosphates), based on the total mass of the lubricating composition; (v) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 2% by weight, alternatively 0.5 to 1% by weight) of C2 to C3 20 one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins, such as ethylene and / or propylene; i) Mw / Mn less than 2; ii) Mn of polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers having is obtained from containing or mixing; The lubricating oil composition preferably comprises 1) SAE viscosity grades of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X (e.g., 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X), where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 (e.g., 30 and 40); and 2) optionally a total sediment of 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, for example 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, for example 25 mg or less, such as 20 mg or less, for example 15 mg or less, as determined by MHT-4 TEOST (ASTM D7097); and / or 3) optionally a coefficient of friction of 0.13 or less, such as 0.12 or less, for example 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, for example 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, for example 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, for example 0.05 or less, such as 0.045 or less (determined by HFRR as described in the Experimental section below); The present invention also relates to a lubricating oil composition which may exhibit

[0030] The present disclosure relates to a method for improving the overall deposit performance, as measured by MHT-4 TEOST (ASTM D7097), of a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant by partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with a functionalized polymer in a weight ratio of functionalized polymer to high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM of at least 0.25:1, the functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, the functionalized polymer comprising: i) having a Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS); ii) the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups (including, but not limited to, functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent and subsequently reacting with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups); iii) The homopolymer or copolymer backbone is C2-C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4-C 20 derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes; The lubricating oil composition also relates to a method, wherein the lubricating oil composition optionally comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal salicylate and / or sulfonate detergents.

[0031] The present invention provides a lubricant composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity comprising: 1) polyalkenyl succinimides, which are 0-5 mol % (e.g., less than 4 wt %, such as less than 3 wt %, such as less than 2 wt %, such as less than 1 wt %, such as less than 0.1 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition), where the polyalkenyl is derived from a polyisobutylene having a Mn of 1,600 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) and the imide is derived from a polyamine (e.g., ADPA) having a Mn of 1200 g / mol or more (e.g., 1300 g / mol or more, such as 1400 g / mol or more, e.g., 1200-2500 g / mol, GPC-PS); and 2) A lubricant composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity comprising 0.1 wt % to 20 wt % (e.g., 0.15 to 10 wt %, alternatively 0.20 wt % to 5 wt %, alternatively 0.25 to 2 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition, of a polymeric compound comprising an acylated polymer having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 25,000 to about 50,000 g / mol, the polymer comprising an olefin having 4 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably the acylated polymer further reacts with an amine to form an amide, imide, or combination thereof. Preferably, the reaction product is a C 4~5The polymer may be an amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymer with an olefin having i) an Mw / Mn of less than 2, ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (GPC-PS), and iii) an Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), except that if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, then the polymer may have an Mn of the copolymer greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0032] The present disclosure provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: A) 1 to 99% (alternatively 30 to 95% by weight, alternatively 50 to 90% by weight, alternatively 60 to 95% by weight, alternatively 70 to 85% by weight) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; B) 0.10 to 20 wt. % (in particular 0.15 to 10 wt. %, alternatively 0.20 wt. % to 5 wt. %, alternatively 0.25 to 2 wt. %) of one or more functionalized polymers as described herein (e.g., one or more C2-C6 functionalized polymers as described herein), based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 20 Functionalized polymers comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and / or propylene), functionalized polymers comprising one or more C4-C5 olefins as described herein (e.g., butadiene and / or isoprene), or both, such as one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers as described herein; C) 0.10 to 20 mass % (in particular 0.15 to 10 mass %, alternatively 0.20 mass % to 5 mass %, alternatively 0.25 to 3 mass %) of one or more detergents, optionally one or more neutral or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents (e.g., a blend of detergents), based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition; D) optionally, from 0.01 to 5 mass % (in particular from 0.1 to 4 mass %, alternatively from 0.25 to 3 mass %, alternatively from 0.045 to 0.15 mass %) of one or more friction modifiers (e.g., a blend of friction modifiers), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; E) optionally, from 0.01 to 10 mass % (in particular from 0.01 to 5 mass %, alternatively from 0.01 to 3 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 1.5 mass %) of one or more antioxidants (e.g., a blend of antioxidants), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; F) optionally, from 0.01 to 5 mass % (particularly from 0.01 to 3 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 1.5 mass %) of one or more pour point depressants (e.g., a blend of pour point depressants), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; G) optionally, from 0.001 to 5 mass % (in particular from 0.01 to 3 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 1.5 mass %) of one or more antifoam agents (e.g., a blend of antifoam agents), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; H) optionally, from 0.001 to 10 mass % (in particular from 0.01 to 6 mass %, alternatively from 0.01 to 5 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 4 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 2 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 1 mass %) of one or more viscosity modifiers (e.g., a blend of viscosity modifiers), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; I) optionally from zero to 20 mass % (in particular from 0.01 to 12 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 8 mass %, such as from 0.2 to 5 mass %, for example from 0 to 3 mass %, for example less than 1 mass %) of one or more polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants (e.g. a blend of dispersants), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, where the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has a Mn of 1,600 g / mol or greater (GPC-PS) and the imide is derived from a polyamine, and when present, is present in an amount such that the mass ratio of functionalized polymer (b) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, for example at least 1:1; J) optionally, from 0.01 to 5 mass % (in particular from 0.1 to 3 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 1.5 mass %) of one or more inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors (e.g., a blend of inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; K) 0.001 to 10 mass % (in particular 0.01 to 5 mass %, alternatively 0.1 to 3 mass %, alternatively 0. to 1.5 mass %) of one or more antiwear agents (e.g., a blend of antiwear agents, e.g., ZDDP), based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; M) optionally, from 0.01 to 5 mass % (in particular from 0.05 to 2 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 1 mass %) of one or more seal compatibility agents, such as seal swell agents, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and / or O) optionally, from 0.01 to 5 mass % (in particular from 0.1 to 3 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 1.5 mass %) of one or more unsaturated C, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; 12 ~C 60 Hydrocarbons (e.g., C 12 ~C 24 Linear Alpha-Olefins (LAO), Polyisobutylene Oligomers / Polymers, and / or Blends thereof The present invention also relates to a lubricating oil composition obtained by comprising or mixing

[0033] For purposes of this disclosure, component B) functionalized polymers are not added to elements C, D, E, FG, H, I, J, K, M, and / or O to determine mass percentages, even though they may exhibit similar properties. For example, component B) functionalized polymers may have a positive effect on wear, but are not added to element K) to determine mass percent of antiwear. In particular, compositions according to this disclosure may contain additives with different listed functionality that are also aminated (e.g., dispersant component PIBSA-PAM and others described in the Dispersants section below). Such additives are not included in the functionalized polymer for purposes of determining the amount of functionalized polymer in a lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein.

[0034] In embodiments, all of elements D, E, FG, H, I, J, K, M, and O are present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and one or more functionalized polymers described herein. In an embodiment, elements D, E, FG, H, I, and J are present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and one or more functionalized polymers described above. In embodiments, elements I, F, and G are present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and one or more functionalized polymers described herein. In an embodiment, element K is present in addition to the base oil, detergent, and one or more functionalized polymers described herein. Suitably, the lubricant composition may have a Total Base Number (TBN), as measured by ASTM D2896, of from 4 to 15 mg KOH / g, preferably from 5 to 12 mg KOH / g, such as from 7 to 12 mg KOH / g, for example from 8 to 11 mg KOH / g. According to yet a further embodiment of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a total deposit, as determined by MHT-4 TEOST, of 55 mg or less, such as 40 mg or less, for example 35 mg or less, such as 30 mg or less, for example 25 mg or less, such as 20 mg or less, for example 15 mg or less. According to yet a further embodiment of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a friction coefficient, determined by HFRR (as described in the Experimental Section below), of 0.13 or less, such as 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, for example 0.045 or less.

[0035] According to yet further aspects of the disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a coefficient of friction, as determined by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below), that is at least 10% lower, alternatively at least 20% lower, alternatively at least 30% lower, alternatively at least 40% lower, alternatively at least 50% lower, alternatively at least 60% lower than the coefficient of friction of the same oil except in the absence of friction modifier (which can be increased to make up 100% by weight). The lubricating compositions of the present disclosure may contain low levels of phosphorus, i.e., not more than 1600, preferably not more than 1200 (e.g., less than 1200), more preferably not more than 800, such as from 1 to 1600, such as from 50 to 1200, for example from 10 to 800 parts per million (ppm), expressed as atoms of phosphorus, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, as measured by ASTM D5185. Suitably, the lubricating compositions may have a phosphorus level of not more than 1200 ppm, alternatively not more than 1000 ppm, alternatively not more than 800 ppm, as measured by ASTM D5185.

[0036] The lubricating compositions of the present disclosure may contain a ratio of magnesium atoms to calcium atoms of at least 0.5, preferably at least 0.6, and more preferably at least 0.65, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, as measured by ASTM D5185. Typically, the lubricating composition may contain low levels of sulfur, preferably the lubricating composition contains at most 0.4, more preferably at most 0.3, most preferably at most 0.2, for example 0.1 to 0.4, mass % sulfur, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, as measured by ASTM D5185. Typically, the lubricating composition may contain a low level of sulfated ash, for example 1.2 mass % or less, such as 1.0 mass % or less, preferably 0.9 mass % or less, preferably 0.8 mass % or less, alternatively 0.0001 to 0.5 mass % or less, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition, as measured by ASTM D874-13a (2018). Generally, the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. ("KV100") of the lubricating composition may range from 3 to 22 cSt, from 2 to 30 cSt, such as from 2 to 20 cSt, for example from 5 to 15 cSt, as determined according to ASTM D445-19a. In an embodiment, the lubricating composition may have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. ("KV100"), determined according to ASTM D445-19a, in the range of from 3 to 22 cSt, such as from 6 to 17 cSt, such as from 9 to 16.3 cSt, such as from 9.3 to less than 12.5 cSt, such as from 12.5 to less than 16.3 cSt.

[0037] Generally, the total base number of the lubricating composition may range from 1 to 30, such as from 5 to 15 mg KOH / g (determined in accordance with ASTM D2896). Preferably, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure may be multigrade oils identified by the viscosity descriptors SAE 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50. The characteristics of the various viscosity grades can be found in the SAE J300 classification. Alternatively, the lubricating compositions may be in the form of viscosity grades SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, such as SAE 15W-X or SAE 10W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50. In embodiments, X is 8, 12, 16, or 20. Alternatively, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure may be multigrade oils identified by the viscosity descriptors SAE 10W-30, 15W-40, 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, 5W-50 (see standard SAE J300 published in January 2015 by SAE International, formerly known as the Society of Automotive Engineers). Alternatively, the lubricating compositions may have an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-Y, where Y is 12, 16, or 20. In embodiments, the lubricating compositions have an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-12.

[0038] Optionally, the lubricating composition may be free of aromatic amine antioxidants, such as diphenylamine antioxidants. Optionally, the lubricating composition comprises 0.3 mass % or less (e.g., 0.25 mass % or less, such as 0.2 mass % or less, such as 0.1 mass % or less, such as 0.05 mass % or less, such as 0 mass %) of an amine antioxidant, such as an alkylated phenylamine, such as a di(alkyl-phenyl)amine, such as a di(nonyl-phenyl)amine. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may contain less than 75 ppm boron, alternatively less than 60 ppm boron, alternatively 1-70 ppm boron. Alternatively, there may be no boron present at the LOC. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise less than 20 wt. % (e.g., less than 15 wt. %, such as less than 10 wt. %, such as less than 5 wt. %, such as less than 3 wt. %, such as less than 1 wt. %) of a functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise, be substantially free of, or be free of, a functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM.

[0039] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise an acylated polymer, e.g., polyisobutylene succinic acid (PIBSA), optionally having a Mn of 500 to 50,000 g / mol, e.g., 600 to 5,000 g / mol, e.g., 700 to 3000 g / mol. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise an acylated polymer, e.g., polyisobutylene succinic acid, optionally having a Mn of 500 to 1600 g / mol, e.g., 700 to 12000 g / mol. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises greater than 0.1 wt. % (e.g., 0.1 to 10 wt. %, e.g., 0.5 to 8 wt. %) of a functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), e.g., PIBSA-PAM. Alternatively, in embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be free or substantially free of acylated polymers, such as polyisobutylene succinic acid (PIBSA), optionally having a Mn of 500 to 50,000 g / mol, such as 600 to 5,000 g / mol, such as 700 to 3000 g / mol.

[0040] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) a functionalized polymer as described herein, and 2) greater than 12 wt.% (e.g., 15 wt.% or more, such as 20 wt.% or more, such as 30 wt.% or more, such as 40 wt.% or more, such as 50 wt.% or more, such as 60 wt.% or more, such as 70 wt.% or more, such as 80 wt.% or more, such as 90 wt.% or more, such as 95 wt.% or more, for example 98 wt.% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0041] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) a functionalized polymer comprising one or more C4-C5 olefins (e.g., butadiene and / or isoprene) as described herein; and 2) More than 12 mass% (e.g., 15 mass% or more, such as 20 mass% or more, for example 30 mass% or more, such as 40 mass% or more, for example 50 mass% or more, such as 60 mass% or more, for example 70 mass% or more, such as 80 mass% or more, for example 90 mass% or more, such as 95 mass% or more, for example 98 mass% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition. Including, The dispersant comprising polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or is present in an amount of less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, such as 0.5 mass % or less, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition) such that the mass ratio of functionalized polymer (1) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1). % or less), (optionally the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has a Mn of 1,600 g / mol or more, GPC-PS (e.g., 1900 g / mol or more, e.g., 2100 g / mol or more, e.g., 2200 g / mol or more, 1600-5000 g / mol, e.g., 1700-2500 g / mol, e.g., 2000-2400 g / mol, e.g., 2000-2300 g / mol), and the imide is derived from a polyamine); The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0042] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises: 1) a functionalized polymer as described herein (e.g., one or more C2-C6 polymers as described herein). 20 1) a functionalized polymer comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and / or propylene), a functionalized polymer comprising one or more C4 to C5 olefins (e.g., butadiene and / or isoprene) as described herein, or both; and 2) greater than 12 mass % (e.g., 15 mass % or more, such as 20 mass % or more, for example 30 mass % or more, such as 40 mass % or more, for example 50 mass % or more, such as 60 mass % or more, for example 70 mass % or more, such as 80 mass % or more, for example 90 mass % or more, such as 95 mass % or more, for example 98 mass % or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0043] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) One or more of C2 to C4 described herein 20 Functionalized polymers comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene); 2) More than 12 mass% (e.g., 15 mass% or more, such as 20 mass% or more, for example 30 mass% or more, such as 40 mass% or more, for example 50 mass% or more, such as 60 mass% or more, for example 70 mass% or more, such as 80 mass% or more, for example 90 mass% or more, such as 95 mass% or more, for example 98 mass% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition. Including, the dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or is present at less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, for example 0.5 mass % or less, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition) such that the mass ratio of functionalized polymer (1) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1), (optionally the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has a Mn of 1,600 g / mol or greater (GPC-PS) and the imide is derived from a polyamine); The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0044] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) a functionalized polymer comprising one or more C4-C5 olefins (e.g., butadiene and / or isoprene) as described herein; and 2) More than 12 mass% (e.g., 15 mass% or more, such as 20 mass% or more, for example 30 mass% or more, such as 40 mass% or more, for example 50 mass% or more, such as 60 mass% or more, for example 70 mass% or more, such as 80 mass% or more, for example 90 mass% or more, such as 95 mass% or more, for example 98 mass% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition. Including, The dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or is present at less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, for example 0.5 mass % or less, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition) such that the mass ratio of functionalized polymer (1) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1) (optionally the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and has a Mn of 900 g / mol or greater (e.g., 1100 g / mol Mn or more, for example 1200 g / mol or more, for example 1300 g / mol or more, for example 1400 g / mol or more, for example 1500 g / mol or more, for example 900 to 1600 g / mol, for example 1100 to 1600 g / mol, for example less than 900 to 1600 g / mol, for example less than 1100 to 1600 g / mol) (GPC-PS), the imide being derived from a polyamine; The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0045] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) One or more of C2 to C4 described in this specification 20 Functionalized polymers comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene) and / or one or more C4-C5 olefins (e.g., butadiene and / or isoprene) as described herein; and 2) More than 12 mass% (e.g., 15 mass% or more, such as 20 mass% or more, for example 30 mass% or more, such as 40 mass% or more, for example 50 mass% or more, such as 60 mass% or more, for example 70 mass% or more, such as 80 mass% or more, for example 90 mass% or more, such as 95 mass% or more, for example 98 mass% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition. Including, The dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or is present at less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, for example 0.5 mass % or less, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition) such that the mass ratio of functionalized polymer (1) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1) (optionally the polyalkenyl has a Mn of 900 g / mol or more (e.g., 1100 g / mol Mn or more, for example 1200 g / mol or more, for example 1300 g / mol or more, for example 1400 g / mol or more, for example 1500 g / mol or more, for example 900 to 1600 g / mol, for example 1100 to 1600 g / mol, for example less than 900 to 1600 g / mol, for example less than 900 to 1200 g / mol, for example less than 1100 to 1600 g / mol) (GPC-PS), and the imide is derived from a polyamine), The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0046] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) One or more of C2 to C4 described herein 20 Functionalized polymers comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene); 2) More than 12 mass% (e.g., 15 mass% or more, such as 20 mass% or more, for example 30 mass% or more, such as 40 mass% or more, for example 50 mass% or more, such as 60 mass% or more, for example 70 mass% or more, such as 80 mass% or more, for example 90 mass% or more, such as 95 mass% or more, for example 98 mass% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition. Including, The dispersant comprising a polyalkenyl succinimide is absent or is present at less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, for example 0.5 mass % or less, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition) such that the mass ratio of functionalized polymer (1) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1) (optionally the polyalkenyl has a Mn of 900 g / mol or more (e.g., 1100 g / mol Mn or more, for example 1200 g / mol or more, for example 1300 g / mol or more, for example 1400 g / mol or more, for example 1500 g / mol or more, for example 900 to 1600 g / mol, for example 1100 to 1600 g / mol, for example less than 900 to 1600 g / mol, for example less than 900 to 1200 g / mol, for example less than 1100 to 1600 g / mol) (GPC-PS), and the imide is derived from a polyamine), The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0047] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) One or more of C2 to C4 described in this specification 20 Functionalized polymers comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene) and / or one or more C4-C5 olefins (e.g., butadiene and / or isoprene) as described herein; and 2) More than 12 mass% (e.g., 15 mass% or more, such as 20 mass% or more, for example 30 mass% or more, such as 40 mass% or more, for example 50 mass% or more, such as 60 mass% or more, for example 70 mass% or more, such as 80 mass% or more, for example 90 mass% or more, such as 95 mass% or more, for example 98 mass% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition. Including, The polyalkenyl succinimide-containing dispersant is absent or is present in an amount of less than 5 mass % (e.g., 4 mass % or less, such as 3 mass % or less, for example 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, for example 0.5 mass % or less, such that the mass ratio of functionalized polymer (1) to polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (e.g., at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1) based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition. % or less) (optionally the polyalkenyl is derived from a polyisobutylene having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or more, GPC-PS (e.g., 1900 g / mol or more, e.g., 2100 g / mol or more, e.g., 2200 g / mol or more, e.g., 1600-5000 g / mol, e.g., 1700-2500 g / mol, e.g., 2000-2400 g / mol, e.g., 2000-2300 g / mol) and the imide is derived from a polyamine); The lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 8W-X, SAE 5W-X, or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50, such as 5W-30.

[0048] In the present invention, it has been found that by using the functionalized polymers described herein, in the absence or at low concentrations of a polyalkenyl succinimide (such as PIBSA-PAM) having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or greater (GPC-PS), it is possible to obtain lower lubricant composition viscosities using Group II base stocks than were previously obtainable using a PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or greater (especially when compared to compositions having more than 5 wt. % (e.g., 7 wt. % or greater, such as 10 wt. % or greater) of a PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or greater based on the weight of the lubricant composition). In particularly useful embodiments, the presently described functionalized polymers are used to replace PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or greater (e.g., 1600-5000 g / mol, e.g., 1700-2500 g / mol, e.g., 2000-2300 g / mol) in existing lubricating oil compositions, such as lubricating oil compositions for use in heavy duty diesel and / or passenger cars.

[0049] In the present invention, it has been found that by using the functionalized polymers described herein, it is possible to obtain lower viscosities with Group II oils than were previously obtainable in the absence or at low concentrations of polyalkenyl succinimides (e.g. PIBSA-PAM) having a Mn of 1100 g / mol or more (e.g. 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol or more, for example 1400 g / mol or more, for example 1500 g / mol or more, such as less than 1100-1600 g / mol, for example 1100-1600 g / mol). In the present invention, it has been found that by using the functionalized polymers described herein, it is possible to obtain lower viscosities with Group II oils than previously obtainable in the absence or in low concentrations of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn of 1600 or greater (e.g. PIBSA-PAM), particularly in lubricant oil compositions having more than 12 wt. % (e.g. 15 wt. % or more, such as 20 wt. % or more, for example 30 wt. % or more, such as 40 wt. % or more, for example 50 wt. % or more, such as 60 wt. % or more, for example 70 wt. % or more, such as 80 wt. % or more, for example 90 wt. % or more, such as 95 wt. % or more, for example 98 wt. % or more) of a Group II base oil based on the weight of the lubricant oil composition.

[0050] In the present invention, it has been found that using the functionalized polymers described herein, it is possible to obtain lower viscosities with Group II oils than previously obtainable in the absence (or substantial absence) of Group III oils and at low concentrations of polyalkenyl succinimides having a Mn of 1600 or greater (e.g. PIBSA-PAM), particularly in lubricant oil compositions having more than 12 wt. % (e.g. 15 wt. % or more, such as 20 wt. % or more, for example 30 wt. % or more, such as 40 wt. % or more, for example 50 wt. % or more, such as 60 wt. % or more, for example 70 wt. % or more, such as 80 wt. % or more, for example 90 wt. % or more, such as 95 wt. % or more, for example 98 wt. % or more) of a Group II base oil based on the weight of the lubricant oil composition. The present invention also provides the ability to reformulate existing lubricant compositions and / or existing concentrate formulations to reduce the amount of PIBSA-PAM (e.g., reduce the amount of PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 or greater) and achieve a lower lubricant viscosity while maintaining good dispersancy. In a preferred embodiment, all or a portion of the PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 or greater in a lubricant composition and / or existing concentrate formulation is replaced with a functionalized polymer as described herein (e.g., an amine, ester, or alcohol functionalized hydrogenated polyisoprene and / or a functionalized (optionally hydrogenated) ethylene propylene copolymer) to obtain a lower viscosity and comparable dispersancy compared to the same formulation except for the addition of the functionalized polymer as described herein (and minor base stock adjustments made to compensate for the difference in the amount of PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1600 or greater and the functionalized polymer as described herein).

[0051] The ability to obtain lower viscosity lubricant compositions using Group II base stocks, especially for heavy duty diesel applications, can achieve significant cost savings because it reduces the need for Group III base stocks and all the inventory, transportation, storage, and usage equipment required to maintain the lower viscosity formulation capabilities. A desirable outcome is that formulators no longer need separate tanks and supporting inventory / equipment for Group III base stocks, which were previously considered a route to lower viscosity formulations. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers described herein, 2) less than 5 wt.% of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn of 1600 g / mol or greater (e.g., PIBSA-PAM), and 3) a Group II base oil, for example, greater than 12 wt.% (e.g., 15 wt.% or more, such as 20 wt.% or more, for example 30 wt.% or more, such as 40 wt.% or more, for example 50 wt.% or more, such as 60 wt.% or more, for example 70 wt.% or more, such as 80 wt.% or more, for example 90 wt.% or more, such as 95 wt.% or more, for example 98 wt.% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, preferably having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV 100 ).

[0052] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers described herein; 2) less than 10 wt.% of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 wt.% of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn of 1600 or greater (e.g., PIBSA-PAM); and 4) more than 12 wt.% (e.g., 15 wt.% or more, such as 20 wt.% or more, such as 30 wt.% or more, such as 40 wt.% or more, such as 50 wt.% or more, such as 60 wt.% or more, such as 70 wt.% or more, such as 80 wt.% or more, such as 90 wt.% or more, such as 95 wt.% or more, such as 98 wt.% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; and has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV 100 ). In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers described herein (e.g., amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 5 wt. % (e.g., less than 3 wt. %, such as less than 1 wt. %, e.g., 0 wt. %) of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn equal to or greater than 1600 g / mol (e.g., PIBSA-PAM); and 3) more than 12 wt. % (e.g., more than 1 wt. %, such as more than 1 wt. %) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. 5% by mass or more, such as at least 20% by mass, for example at least 30% by mass, such as at least 40% by mass, for example at least 50% by mass, such as at least 60% by mass, for example at least 70% by mass, such as at least 80% by mass, for example at least 90% by mass, such as at least 95% by mass, for example at least 98% by mass) of the Group II base oil, and the lubricating oil composition optionally has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV 100 ).

[0053] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers described herein (e.g., amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 10 wt.% (e.g., less than 0.5 wt.%, e.g., 0 wt.%) of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 wt.% (e.g., less than 3 wt.%, e.g., less than 1 wt.%, e.g., 0 wt.%) of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn of 1600 or greater (e.g., PIBSA-PAM); and 4) a weight percent (weight) of the lubricating oil composition. and the lubricating oil composition optionally comprises more than 12 mass% (e.g. 15 mass% or more, such as 20 mass% or more, for example 30 mass% or more, such as 40 mass% or more, for example 50 mass% or more, such as 60 mass% or more, for example 70 mass% or more, such as 80 mass% or more, for example 90 mass% or more, such as 95 mass% or more, for example 98 mass% or more) of a Group II base oil, and the lubricating oil composition optionally has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (KV 100 ).

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers described herein (e.g., amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 5 wt.% (e.g., less than 3 wt.%, such as less than 1 wt.%, for example 0 wt.%) of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn of 1600 or greater (e.g., PIBSA-PAM); and 3) a Group II base oil, for example, more than 12 wt.% (e.g., 15 wt.% or more, such as 20 wt.% or more, such as 30 wt.% or more, such as 40 wt.% or more, such as 50 wt.% or more, such as 60 wt.% or more, such as 70 wt.% or more, such as 80 wt.% or more, for example 90 wt.% or more, such as 95 wt.% or more, for example 98 wt.% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 5W-30.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises 1) one or more of the functionalized polymers described herein (e.g., amine-functionalized copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene and / or amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymers of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 10 wt.% (e.g., less than 0.5 wt.%, e.g., 0 wt.%) of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 wt.% (e.g., less than 3 wt.%, e.g., less than 1 wt.%, e.g., 0 wt.%) of a polyalkanol having an Mn of 1600 or greater; phenylsuccinimide (e.g., PIBSA-PAM); and 4) greater than 12 mass % (e.g., 15 mass % or more, such as 20 mass % or more, for example 30 mass % or more, such as 40 mass % or more, for example 50 mass % or more, such as 60 mass % or more, for example 70 mass % or more, such as 80 mass % or more, for example 90 mass % or more, such as 95 mass % or more, for example 98 mass % or more) of a Group II base oil based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, and the lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 5W-30. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises less than 5 wt.% (such as less than 3 wt.%, such as less than 1 wt.%, such as 0 wt.%) of PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 2200 g / mol or less, such as 2100 g / mol or less, for example 2000 g / mol or less, such as 1900 g / mol or less, for example 1800 g / mol or less, such as 1700 g / mol or less, for example 1600 g / mol or less, such as 1500 g / mol or less, for example 1400 g / mol or less, such as 1300 g / mol or less, for example 1200 g / mol or less, such as 1100 g / mol or less, for example 1000 g / mol or less (GPC-PS).

[0056] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprises a PIBSA-PAM, which may or may not be borated, having a Mn of 1200 g / mol or less, such as 1100 g / mol or less, such as 1000 g / mol or less (GPC-PS). In an embodiment, the weight ratio of functionalized polymer to high molecular weight (above 1600 Mn, GPC-PS) polyalkenyl succinate (e.g., PIBSA-PAM) is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, for example at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, for example at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, for example at least 0.5:1, such as at least 0.6:1, for example at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, for example at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, for example at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, for example at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, for example at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1. In an embodiment, the weight ratio of functionalized polymer to (1200 Mn or higher, GPC-PS) polyalkenyl succinate (e.g., PIBSA-PAM) is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, for example at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, for example at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, for example at least 0.5:1, such as at least 0.6:1, for example at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, for example at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, for example at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, for example at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, for example at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1.

[0057] In an embodiment, the weight ratio of functionalized polymer to low molecular weight (<1100-1600 g / mol Mn, GPC-PS) polyalkenyl succinate (e.g., PIBSA-PAM) is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, for example at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, for example at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, for example at least 0.5:1, such as at least 0.6:1, for example at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, for example at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, for example at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, for example at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, for example at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1. In an embodiment, the weight ratio of functionalized polymer to all polyalkenyl succinates (e.g., PIBSA-PAM) present in the lubricating oil composition is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, for example at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, for example at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, for example at least 0.5:1, such as at least 0.6:1, for example at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, for example at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, for example at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, for example at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, for example at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1.

[0058] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise, in addition to the functionalized polymer described herein derived from a block copolymer, up to 20% by weight, such as 15% by weight, such as 10% by weight, such as 5% by weight, such as 3% by weight, such as 1% by weight or less of a block copolymer, such as a block, star, random, and / or tapered block copolymer. In embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be substantially free of block copolymers, such as block, star, random, and / or tapered block copolymers, other than the functionalized polymers described herein that are derived from block copolymers, or the lubricating oil composition may be free of block copolymers, such as block, star, random, and / or tapered block copolymers. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise, in addition to the functionalized polymer described herein derived from a block copolymer, up to 20 wt%, such as 15 wt%, for example 10 wt%, such as 5 wt%, for example 3 wt%, for example 1 wt%, of a styrenic copolymer, such as a block, star, random, and / or tapered styrenic block copolymer. In embodiments, the lubricant composition may be substantially free of styrenic copolymers, such as block, star, random, and / or tapered styrenic block copolymers, other than the functionalized polymers described herein that are derived from block copolymers, or the lubricant composition may be free of styrenic copolymers, such as block, star, random, and / or tapered styrenic block copolymers.

[0059] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise less than 20 wt.%, such as 15 wt.%, for example 10 wt.%, such as 5 wt.%, for example 3 wt.%, such as 1 wt.% or less of a functionalized diluent, e.g., a functionalized oil. In embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may include, may be substantially free of, or may be free of, a functionalized diluent, e.g., a functionalized oil. In an embodiment the lubricating oil composition may comprise less than 20 mass %, such as 15 mass %, for example 10 mass %, such as 5 mass %, for example 3 mass %, such as 1 mass % or less of a solvent, for example an aromatic solvent. In embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be substantially free of solvents, such as functionalized solvents, or the lubricating oil composition may be free of solvents, such as functionalized solvents. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may have a total saponification number (SAP), as determined by ASTM 94, of greater than or equal to 25 (eg, 28, such as 30, such as 32) mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may have a total saponification number (SAP) of 25 (e.g., 28, such as 30, such as 32) mg KOH / g or more, as measured by ASTM 94, and the functionalized polymer has a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, such as 1-3.3, such as 1.1-3.2, such as 1.2-3.0, such as 1.4-2.9, as determined by GPC-PS as described in the Experimental Section below).

[0060] In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may have a total saponification number (SAP) of 25 (e.g., 28, such as 30, such as 32) mg KOH / g or greater, as measured by ASTM 94, and the functionalized polymer has an average functionality of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain, as measured by GPC-PS as described in the Experimental section below. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may comprise less than 0.5 mass % (e.g., less than 0.4 mass %, such as less than 0.3 mass %, such as less than 0.2 mass %, such as less than 0.1 mass %, substantially absent or zero mass %) of secondary hydrocarbyl amine compounds and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds, based on the mass of the LOC.

[0061] In embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may be substantially free of secondary hydrocarbyl amine compounds and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds, or the lubricating oil composition may be free of secondary hydrocarbyl amine compounds and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds. In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a diesel oil, such as a heavy duty diesel oil (e.g., for use in engines for heavy duty diesel vehicles, i.e., heavy duty diesel vehicles having a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or greater). In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of this disclosure may be a passenger car motor oil.

[0062] In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure comprises: 1) an oil of lubricating viscosity having greater than 50 mass % of a Group I, II, III, IV, and / or V oil, or mixtures thereof (e.g., a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, a Group V base oil, or mixtures thereof); 2) a first PIB succinimide dispersant derived from PIB of 1800-2500 Mn; 3) a second PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having a Mn of less than 1600, wherein at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boron-free (optionally at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is borated); 4) C as described herein 4~5 Amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers containing olefins (C 4~5 the ratio of olefin containing amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymer to PIB succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, for example at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, for example at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, for example at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, for example at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, for example at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, for example at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, for example at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, for example at least 2:1); 5) an alkaline earth metal salicylate detergent, an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent, present in an amount to deliver 0.1 wt. % to 1.2 wt. % of an alkaline earth metal soap to the lubricating composition; and 6) A phosphorus antiwear agent present in an amount to deliver 300-900 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricating composition. A passenger vehicle engine lubricating composition comprising: The lubricating composition may optionally be a passenger car engine lubricating composition having a total sulfated ash content of 0.3 to 1.1 wt.%, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 8.3 cSt, a total alkaline earth metal soap content of 0.6 wt.% to 2.1 wt.%, and an HTHS150 measured in accordance with ASTM D4683 of less than 2.7 mPa s.

[0063] In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure may be a passenger car diesel oil. In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure comprises: 1) an oil of lubricating viscosity having greater than 50 mass % of a Group I, II, III, IV, and / or V oil, or mixtures thereof (e.g., a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, a Group V base oil, or mixtures thereof); 2) a first PIB succinimide dispersant derived from PIB of 1800-2500 Mn; 3) a second PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having a Mn of less than 1600, wherein at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is boron-free (optionally at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is borated); 4) C as described herein 4~5 Amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers containing olefins (C 4~5the ratio of olefin containing amide, imide and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymer to PIB succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1, for example at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, for example at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, for example at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, for example at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, for example at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, for example at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, for example at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, for example at least 2:1); 5) an alkaline earth metal salicylate detergent, an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent, present in an amount to deliver 0.1 wt. % to 1.2 wt. % of an alkaline earth metal soap to the lubricating composition; and 6) A phosphorus antiwear agent present in an amount to deliver 300-900 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricating composition. A diesel engine lubricating composition comprising: The lubricating composition may optionally be a diesel engine lubricating composition having a total sulfated ash content of 0.3 to 1.1 wt. %, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 8.3 cSt, a total alkaline earth metal soap content of 0.6 wt. % to 2.1 wt. %, and an HTHS150 measured in accordance with ASTM D4683 of less than 2.7 mPa s.

[0064] In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of this disclosure may be a lubricating composition comprising: 1) one or more of a functionalized polymer (e.g., an amine-functionalized copolymer of ethylene and / or propylene and / or an amine-functionalized hydrogenated polymer of isoprene and / or butadiene); 2) less than 10 wt.% of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 wt.% of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn equal to or greater than 1600; and 4) greater than 15 wt.% of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition has an SAE viscosity of 5W-30.

[0065] The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, e.g., diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have a viscosity of 2.5 to 8.3 (e.g., 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 5.5, or 3.5 to 6.5) cSt (mm 2 / s) and 15 to 30 (e.g., 15 to 25) cSt (mm 2 The composition may have a kinematic viscosity of 300 nm / s at 40° C. The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, for example diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) as measured by ASTM D4683 of less than 2.6 mPa·s, or less than 2.5 mPa·s, or less than 2.4 mPa·s, or less than 2.3 mPa·s, or less than 2.2 mPa·s, or less than 2.1 mPa·s at 150° C. In alternative embodiments, the HTHS of the lubricating compositions is from 1.4 to 2.5 mPa·s, or from 1.6 to 2.1 mPa·s, or from 1.8 to 2.1 mPa·s, or from 1.9 to 2.0 mPa·s. The lubricating composition, for example a diesel engine lubricating composition, may have an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-Y, where Y may be 12, 16, or 20. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-12.

[0066] The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, e.g., diesel engine lubricating compositions, have: 1) a viscosity of 2.5 to 8.3 (e.g., 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 5.5, or 3.5 to 6.5) cSt (mm) at 100° C., as measured by ASTM D-445; 2 / s), 2) a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) at 150° C. of less than 2.6 mPa·s, or less than 2.5 mPa·s, or less than 2.4 mPa·s, or less than 2.3 mPa·s, or less than 2.2 mPa·s, or less than 2.1 mPa·s (alternatively, from 1.4 to 2.5 mPa·s, or from 1.6 to 2.1 mPa·s, or from 1.8 to 2.1 mPa·s, or from 1.9 to 2.0 mPa·s), as measured by ASTM D4683, and 3) an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-Y, where Y may be 12, 16, or 20 (e.g., 0W-12).

[0067] In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the disclosure is a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity having greater than 50 mass % of a Group I, II, III, IV, and / or V oil, or mixtures thereof (e.g., a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, a Group V base oil, or mixtures thereof); a first PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having an Mn of 1800 to 2500; and a second PIB succinimide dispersant derived from a PIB having an Mn of less than 1600, wherein the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant are at least one of the imide dispersants is boron-free (optionally, at least one of the first PIB succinimide dispersant and the second PIB succinimide dispersant is borated); a second PIB succinimide dispersant; an amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymer with C4-C5 olefins as described herein (the ratio of amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymer with C4-C5 olefins to PIB succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1, such as at least 0.26:1 , for example at least 0.275:1, such as at least 0.3:1, for example at least 0.35:1, such as at least 0.4:1, for example at least 0.5:1, such as at least 0.6:1, for example at least 0.625:1, such as at least 0.65:1, for example at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.75:1, for example at least 0.8:1, such as at least 0.9:1, for example at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, for example at least 1.5:1, for example at least 2:1; alkaline earth metal salicylates an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent present in an amount to deliver 0.1 wt.% to 1.2 wt.% alkaline earth metal soap to the lubricating composition; and a phosphorus antiwear agent present in an amount to deliver 300 to 900 ppm phosphorus to the lubricating composition, wherein the lubricating composition has a total sulfated ash content of 0.3 to 1.1 wt.%, optionally from 2 to 30 cSt, such as from 3 to 22 cSt, for example from 6 to 17 cSt, such as from 9 to 16.3 cSt, for example from 9.3 to less than 12.5 cSt, for example from 12.5 to 16.The lubricant may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of less than 3 cSt, a total alkaline earth metal soap content of 0.4% to 2.1% by weight, and an HTHS150, measured according to ASTM D4683, of 2.6 mPa·s or greater (e.g., 2.9 mPa·s or greater, e.g., 3.7 mPa·s or greater).

[0068] The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, e.g., diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 2 to 30 cSt (e.g., 3 to 22 cSt, e.g., 6 to 17 cSt, e.g., 9 to 16.3 cSt, e.g., 9.3 to less than 12.5 cSt, e.g., 12.5 to less than 16.3 cSt) as measured by ASTM D-445. The lubricating composition, for example a diesel engine lubricating composition, may have an SAE viscosity grade of 5W-Y, 10W-Y, 15W-Y, or 20W-Y, where Y may be 20, 30, 40, or 50. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 5W-30. The lubricating compositions disclosed herein, for example diesel engine lubricating compositions, may have: 1) a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 30 cSt (e.g., 3 to 22 cSt, e.g., 6 to 17 cSt, e.g., 9 to 16.3 cSt, e.g., 9.3 to less than 12.5 cSt, e.g., 12.5 to less than 16.3 cSt) at 100° C., as measured by ASTM D-445; 2) a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) of 2.6 mPa·s or more (e.g., 2.9 mPa·s or more, e.g., 3.7 mPa·s or more) at 150° C., as measured by ASTM D4683; and 3) an SAE viscosity grade of 5W-Y, 10W-Y, 15W-Y, or 20W-Y, where Y may be 20, 30, 40, or 50 (e.g., 5W-30).

[0069] concentrate A concentrate, also called an additive package, adpak, or addpack, is a composition having less than 50 mass % (e.g., less than 40 mass %, such as less than 30 mass %, such as less than 25 mass %, such as less than 20 mass %) of a base oil and a lubricant composition additive (e.g., those described herein), which is typically then further blended with additional base oil to form a finished lubricant oil.

[0070] The present disclosure provides a concentrate composition comprising: (a) from 1 to less than 50 mass% (alternatively from 5 to 45 mass%, alternatively from 7 to 40 mass%, alternatively from 10 to 35 mass%, alternatively from 10 to 25 mass%) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (b) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.2 to 15% by weight, alternatively 0.5% to 10% by weight, alternatively 1 to 7% by weight), based on the weight of the composition, of C 4~5 one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers containing olefins; i) Mw / Mn less than 2; ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (GPC-PS), and iii) Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), except that if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers having The present invention relates to a concentrate composition obtained by comprising or mixing

[0071] The present disclosure provides a concentrate composition comprising: (a) from 1 to less than 50 mass% (alternatively from 5 to 45 mass%, alternatively from 7 to 40 mass%, alternatively from 10 to 35 mass%, alternatively from 10 to 25 mass%) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the lubricating composition; (b) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.2 to 15% by weight, alternatively 0.5% to 10% by weight, alternatively 1 to 7% by weight), based on the weight of the composition, of C 2~20 one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers comprising linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins; i) Mw / Mn less than 2, and ii) Mn of polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) one or more amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers having (c) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 2% by weight, e.g. zero% by weight), based on the weight of the composition, of one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants The present invention relates to a concentrate composition obtained by comprising or mixing

[0072] The present disclosure provides a concentrate composition comprising: (i) 1 to less than 50% (alternatively 5 to 45% by weight, alternatively 7 to 40% by weight, alternatively 10 to 35% by weight, alternatively 10 to 25% by weight) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the composition; (ii) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 3% by weight) of one or more detergents, based on the weight of the composition; (iii) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 2% by weight, e.g. 0% by weight) of one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants (e.g. PIBSA-PAM having a MN of 1600 g / mol or more), based on the weight of the composition, and (iv) 0.10 to 20% (in particular 0.15 to 10%, alternatively 0.20% to 5%, alternatively 0.25 to 2%) by weight of one or more amide-, imide-, and / or ester-functionalized partially or fully saturated polymers as described herein, based on the weight of the composition; (v) Optional additional components, such as antioxidants, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, viscosity modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear agents, extreme pressure additives, demulsifiers, seal compatibility agents, additive diluent base oils, friction modifiers (e.g., organic FMs, such as organic esters, e.g., fatty acid esters), etc. The present invention relates to a concentrate composition obtained by comprising or mixing

[0073] In an embodiment, the concentrate composition may optionally be free of solvent (eg, aliphatic or aromatic solvents) and / or free of functionalized base oil.

[0074] The present disclosure provides a concentrate composition comprising: A) from 1 to less than 50% by weight (alternatively from 5 to 45% by weight, alternatively from 7 to 40% by weight, alternatively from 10 to 35% by weight, alternatively from 10 to 25% by weight) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the concentrate composition; B) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 3% by weight) of one or more functionalized polymers, based on the weight of the concentrate composition, the one or more functionalized polymers being a) Mw / Mn less than 2 (determined by GPC-PS, e.g. less than 1.8, e.g. less than 1.6, e.g. less than 1.5, e.g. from 1 to 1.3, e.g. from 1.0 to 1.25); b) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (determined by GPC-PS, e.g. 3.4 or less, e.g. 1-3.3, e.g. 1.1-3.2, e.g. 1.2-3.0, e.g. 1.4-2.9); having The polymer before functionalization may be one or more functionalized polymers having a Mn of 25,000 g / mol (e.g., 30,000 g / mol) or more (GPC-PS); C) 0.1 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.5 to 10% by weight, alternatively 2 to 6% by weight) of one or more detergents (e.g. a blend of detergents), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; D) optionally, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, from 0.01 to 5% by weight (in particular from 0.1 to 4% by weight, alternatively from 0.25 to 3% by weight, alternatively from 0.25 to 0.75% by weight) of one or more friction modifiers (e.g. organic friction modifiers, such as glycerol monoeoleate); E) optionally, from 0.01 to 20% by weight (in particular from 0.01 to 15% by weight, alternatively from 0.1 to 10% by weight) of one or more antioxidants (e.g. a blend of antioxidants), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; F) optionally, from 0.01 to 5% by weight (in particular from 0.01 to 3% by weight, alternatively from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight) of one or more pour point depressants (e.g., a blend of pour point depressants), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; G) optionally, from 0.001 to 5% by weight (in particular from 0.01 to 3% by weight, alternatively from 0.02 to 1% by weight) of one or more antifoaming agents (e.g., a blend of antifoaming agents), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; I) optionally, from 0.01 to 40% by weight (in particular from 0.1 to 30% by weight, alternatively from 1 to 20% by weight) of one or more dispersants (e.g. a blend of dispersants), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; K) 0.001 to 10 mass % (in particular 0.1 to 8 mass %, alternatively 1 to 5 mass %, alternatively 0.25 to 0.75 mass %) of one or more antiwear agents (e.g., a blend of antiwear agents, e.g., ZDDP), based on the total mass of the lubricating composition. The present invention relates to a concentrate composition obtained by comprising or mixing

[0075] The present disclosure provides a concentrate composition comprising: A) from 1 to less than 50% by weight (alternatively from 5 to 45% by weight, alternatively from 7 to 40% by weight, alternatively from 10 to 35% by weight, alternatively from 10 to 25% by weight) of one or more base oils, based on the weight of the concentrate composition; B) 0.10 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.15 to 10% by weight, alternatively 0.20% to 5% by weight, alternatively 0.25 to 3% by weight) of one or more linear C copolymers having a Mw / Mn of less than 2 (measured by GPC-PS, for example 1.9 or less, for example 1.8 or less, for example 1 to 1.9, for example 1 to less than 1.6, for example 1.1 to 1.5) and a Mn of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), based on the weight of the concentrate composition. 2~20 one or more functionalized polymers of aloha olefins (e.g., ethylene and / or propylene polymers); C) 0.1 to 20% by weight (in particular 0.5 to 10% by weight, alternatively 2 to 6% by weight) of one or more detergents (e.g. a blend of detergents), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; D) optionally, from 0.01 to 5% by weight (in particular from 0.1 to 4% by weight, alternatively from 0.25 to 3% by weight, alternatively from 0.25 to 0.75% by weight) of one or more friction modifiers (e.g. organic friction modifiers, e.g. glycerol monooleate), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; E) optionally, from 0.01 to 20% by weight (in particular from 0.01 to 15% by weight, alternatively from 0.1 to 10% by weight) of one or more antioxidants (e.g. a blend of antioxidants), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; F) optionally, from 0.01 to 5% by weight (in particular from 0.01 to 3% by weight, alternatively from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight) of one or more pour point depressants (e.g., a blend of pour point depressants), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; G) optionally, from 0.001 to 5% by weight (in particular from 0.01 to 3% by weight, alternatively from 0.02 to 1% by weight) of one or more antifoaming agents (e.g., a blend of antifoaming agents), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; I) optionally, from 0.01 to 40% by weight (in particular from 0.1 to 30% by weight, alternatively from 1 to 20% by weight) of one or more dispersants (e.g. a blend of dispersants), based on the total weight of the concentrate composition; K) 0.001 to 10 mass % (in particular 0.1 to 8 mass %, alternatively 1 to 5 mass %, alternatively 0.25 to 0.75 mass %) of one or more antiwear agents (e.g., a blend of antiwear agents, e.g., ZDDP), based on the total mass of the lubricating composition. The present invention also relates to a concentrate composition obtained from comprising or mixing

[0076] Optionally, the concentrate may be free of functionalized oils. In an embodiment, the concentrate composition may optionally be free of solvent (eg, aliphatic or aromatic solvents) and / or free of functionalized base oil. Optionally, the concentrate may be free of phenolic antioxidants. In an embodiment, the concentrate may contain less than 75 ppm boron, alternatively less than 60 ppm boron, alternatively between 1 and 70 ppm boron. Alternatively, the concentrate may be free of boron. In an embodiment, the concentrate may comprise less than 20% by weight (e.g., less than 15% by weight, such as less than 10% by weight, such as less than 5% by weight, such as less than 3% by weight, such as less than 1% by weight) of a functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM. In an embodiment, the concentrate is substantially free of functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM, or the concentrate is free of functionalized (e.g., aminated) polybutene (e.g., polyisobutylene), such as PIBSA-PAM.

[0077] In an embodiment, the concentrate may comprise an acylated polymer, e.g., polyisobutylene succinic acid, optionally having a Mn of 500-50,000 g / mol, e.g., 600-5,000 g / mol, e.g., 700-3000 g / mol. In an embodiment, the concentrate may comprise an acylated polymer, e.g., polyisobutylene succinic acid, optionally having a Mn of 500-1600 g / mol, e.g., 700-1200 g / mol. In an embodiment, the concentrate may contain 20% by weight or less (e.g., 15% by weight or less, such as 10% by weight or less, such as 5% by weight or less, such as 3% by weight or less, such as 1% by weight or less) of block copolymers, such as block, star, random, and / or tapered block copolymers. In embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially free of block copolymers, e.g., block, star, random, and / or tapered block copolymers, or the concentrate may be free of block copolymers, e.g., block, star, random, and / or tapered block copolymers. In an embodiment, the concentrate may contain 20% by weight or less (e.g., 15% by weight or less, such as 10% by weight or less, such as 5% by weight or less, such as 3% by weight or less, such as 1% by weight or less) of a styrenic copolymer, such as a block, star, random, and / or tapered styrenic block copolymer.

[0078] In embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially free of styrenic copolymers, such as block, star, random, and / or tapered styrenic block copolymers, or the concentrate may be free of styrenic copolymers, such as block, star, random, and / or tapered styrenic block copolymers. In an embodiment, the concentrate may contain less than 20% by weight (e.g., less than 15% by weight, such as less than 10% by weight, such as less than 5% by weight, such as less than 3% by weight, such as 1% by weight) of a functionalized diluent, e.g., a functionalized oil. In embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially free of functionalized diluents, such as functionalized oils, or the concentrate may be free of functionalized diluents, such as functionalized oils. In an embodiment, the concentrate may contain less than 0.5% (e.g., 0.4%, such as less than 0.3%, such as less than 0.2%, such as 0.1%, substantially absent or zero) by weight of secondary hydrocarbyl amine compounds and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds based on the weight of the concentrate. In embodiments, the concentrate may be substantially free of secondary hydrocarbyl amine compounds and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds, or the concentrate may be free of secondary hydrocarbyl amine compounds and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds.

[0079] In an embodiment, the concentrate may have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 1000 cSt, such as less than 500 cSt, for example less than 200 cSt. In an embodiment, the concentrate comprises a functionalized polymer as described herein and greater than 0.1 wt. % (e.g., 1 wt. % or more, such as 2 wt. % or more, such as 5 wt. % or more, such as 10 wt. % or more, for example, 50 to 0.1 wt. %) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises a functionalized polymer as described herein and more than 12 wt.% (e.g., 15 wt.% or more, such as 20 wt.% or more, such as 30 wt.% or more, such as 40 wt.% or more, such as 50 wt.% or more, such as 60 wt.% or more, such as 70 wt.% or more, such as 80 wt.% or more, such as 90 wt.% or more, such as 95 wt.% or more, such as 98 wt.% or more, such as 99.9 wt.% or more) of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the composition, with the remainder consisting of one or more of the functionalized polymers as described herein.

[0080] A. Base oil Base oils (also called "base stocks," "lubricating oil base stocks," or "oils of lubricating viscosity") useful herein can be a single oil or a blend of oils and are typically the large liquid component of a lubricating composition, also called a lubricant, into which, for example, additives and optionally additional oils are blended to produce a lubricating composition, e.g., a finished lubricant composition, a concentrate, or other lubricating composition. The base oil can be selected from vegetable oils, animal oils, mineral oils, and synthetic lubricating oils, and mixtures thereof. The base oil can range in viscosity from light distillate mineral oils to heavy lubricating oils, such as those for gas engine oils, mineral lubricating oils, power vehicle oils, and heavy duty diesel oils. In general, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C ("KV100") of the base oil, determined according to ASTM D445-19a, ranges from 1 to 30, such as 2 to 25 cSt, such as 5 to 20 cSt, in particular 1.0 cSt to 10 cSt, 1.5 cSt to 3.3 cSt, 2.7 cSt to 8.1 cSt, 3.0 cSt to 7.2 cSt, or 2.5 cSt to 6.5 cSt. Generally, the high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) of the base oil at 150° C., as determined according to ASTM D4683-20, is in the range of 0.5 to 20 cP, such as 1 to 10 cP, for example 2 to 5 cP. Typically, when a lubricating oil base stock is used to make a concentrate, the lubricating oil base stock may advantageously be present in a concentrate-forming amount that results in a concentrate containing from 5% to 80%, from 10% to 70%, or from 5% to 50% by weight of the active ingredient, based on the weight of the concentrate.

[0081] Common oils useful as base oils include animal and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard oil), liquid petroleum oils, and hydrorefined and / or solvent treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic, and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils. Base stocks can be produced using a variety of different processes, including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrotreating, oligomerization, esterification, and rerefining. Synthetic lubricating oils useful herein as base oils include hydrocarbon oils, such as homopolymerized and copolymerized olefins, referred to as polyalphaolefins or PAOs or Group IV base oils [as defined by API EOLCS 1509 (see American Petroleum Institute Publication 1509, Section E.1.3, 19th Edition, January 2021, www.API.org)]. Examples of PAOs useful as base oils include poly(ethylene), copolymers of ethylene and propylene, polybutylene, polypropylene, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylene, poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly(1-decene), C8 to C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C20, C22, C23, C24, C25, C26, C27, C28, C29, C30, C31, C32, C33, C34, C35, C35, C46, ​​C47, C48, C49, C51, C52, C53, C54, C55, C56, C57, C58, C59, C60, C61, C62, C63, C64, C65, C65, C66, C67, C68, C69, C70, C71, C72, C73, C74, C75, C75, C75, C76, C77, C78, ​​C79, C71, C72, C73, C74 ... 20 Homopolymers or copolymers of alkenes, C8 and / or C 10 and / or C. 12 Homopolymer or copolymer of alkenes, C8 / C 10 Copolymer, C8 / C 10 / C 12 Copolymers, and C 10 / C 12 Copolymers, as well as derivatives, analogs, and congeners thereof.

[0082] In another embodiment, the base oil may comprise a polyalphaolefin comprising oligomers of linear olefins having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 carbon atoms, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (as measured by ASTM D445) of 10 or greater, preferably having a viscosity index ("VI") of 100 or greater, preferably 110 or greater, more preferably 120 or greater, more preferably 130 or greater, more preferably 140 or greater, as determined by ASTM D2270, and / or a pour point (as measured by ASTM D97) of −5° C. or less, more preferably −10° C. or less, more preferably −20° C. or less. In another embodiment, the polyalphaolefin oligomers useful in the present disclosure are 20 ~C 1500 Paraffin, preferably C 40 ~C 1000 Paraffin, preferably C 50 ~C 750Paraffin, preferably C 50 ~C 500 In one embodiment, the PAO oligomer may contain C5 to C6 14 Alpha-olefins, and in another embodiment C-C 12 Alpha-olefins, and in another embodiment C-C 12 The olefins are dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, etc. of alpha-olefins. Suitable olefins include 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, and 1-dodecene. In one embodiment, the olefin is a combination of 1-octene, 1-decene, and 1-dodecene, or alternatively may be essentially 1-decene, and the PAO is a mixture of dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers (and higher) thereof. Useful PAOs are described in more detail, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,171,908 and 5,783,531, and in Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Functional Fluids, pages 1-52 (Leslie R. Rudnick & Ronald L. Shubkin, eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1999).

[0083] The PAOs useful in this disclosure typically have a number average molecular weight of 100-21,000 g / mol in one embodiment, 200-10,000 g / mol in another embodiment, 200-7,000 g / mol in yet another embodiment, 200-2,000 g / mol in yet another embodiment, and 200-500 g / mol in yet another embodiment. Suitable PAOs are commercially available as SpectraSyn™ Hi-Vis, SpectraSyn™ Low-Vis, SpectraSyn™ plus, SpectraSyn™ Elite PAOs (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas) and Durasyn PAOs from Ineos Oligomers USA LLC. Synthetic lubricating oils useful as base oils also include hydrocarbon oils such as homopolymeric and copolymeric alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzene); polyphenols (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides; and derivatives, analogs, and congeners thereof.

[0084] Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils useful as base oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids) reacted with various alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol). Specific examples of such esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.

[0085] Esters useful as synthetic oils herein include those having C5-C 12 Also included are those made from monocarboxylic acids and polyols, as well as polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and tripentaerythritol. Preferred ester base oils are available commercially as Esterex™ esters (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Tex.). Silicon-based oils, such as polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, or polyaryloxy silicone oils and silicate oils, constitute another useful class of synthetic lubricants useful herein. Such oils include tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl) silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl) silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butyl-phenyl) silicate, hexa-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl)disiloxane, poly(methyl)siloxane, and poly(methylphenyl)-siloxane. Other synthetic lubricating oils useful herein include liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (eg, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decylphosphonic acid) and polymeric tetrahydrofurans.

[0086] Unrefined oils, refined oils, and re-refined oils can be used in the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure. Unrefined oils are oils obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources without further refining treatment. For example, shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation, or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment are considered unrefined oils. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such refining techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration, and percolation, are used by those skilled in the art. Re-refined oils (also called re-refined base oils or "RRBO") are oils obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils, where the refining process is applied to previously refined oils that were previously used in service. Such re-refined oils are also called reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are often additionally processed to remove waste additives and oil breakdown products. Rerefined base oils are preferably substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use.

[0087] Other examples of useful base oils are gas-to-liquid (GTL) base oils, i.e., base oils derived from hydrocarbons made from synthesis gas ("syn-gas") containing H2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing to be useful as base oils. For example, such hydrocarbons may be hydroisomerized, hydrocracked and hydroisomerized, dewaxed, or hydroisomerized and dewaxed by methods known in the art. For further information regarding useful GTL base oils and blends thereof, see U.S. Pat. No. 10,913,916 (column 4, line 62 to column 5, line 60) and U.S. Pat. No. 10,781,397 (column 14, line 54 to column 15, line 5, and column 16, line 44 to column 17, line 55). In particular, oils based in part on renewable resources, i.e. carbon and energy captured from the environment, such as biological resources, are useful herein. The renewable resources may be (or are derived from) vegetable oils (e.g. palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, jatropha oil, corn oil), microbial oils (e.g. algae oil), animal fats (e.g. cooking oils, animal fats, and / or fish fats). A useful base oil renewable material combination may include a mixture of Group III oils, such as SynNova™ 4 and Nexbase™ 3043, blended with one or more oils derived from renewable feedstocks. A useful base oil containing renewable materials is Nexbase™ 4Plus (KV100 about 4 cSt).

[0088] Various base oils are often classified as Group I, II, III, IV, or V according to the API EOLCS 1509 definition (American Petroleum Institute Publication 1509, Section E.1.3, 19th Edition, January 2021, www.API.org). Generally speaking, Group I base stocks have a viscosity index of about 80-120 and contain more than about 0.03% sulfur and / or less than about 90% saturates. Group II base stocks have a viscosity index of about 80-120 and contain less than about 0.03% sulfur and more than about 90% saturates. Group III base stocks have a viscosity index greater than about 120 and contain less than about 0.03% sulfur and more than about 90% saturates. Group IV base stocks include polyalphaolefins (PAOs). Group V base stocks include base stocks not included in Groups I-IV. (Viscosity index is measured by ASTM D2270, saturates are measured by ASTM D2007, sulfur is measured by ASTM D5185, D2622, ASTM D4294, ASTM D4927, and ASTM D3120).

[0089] The base oil for use in the formulated lubricating compositions useful in this disclosure may be any one, two, three or more of the various oils described herein. In a preferred embodiment, the base oil for use in the formulated lubricating compositions useful in this disclosure may be any one, two, three or more of the API Group I, Group II, Group III (Group III + ), Group IV, and Group V oils and mixtures thereof, preferably API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and mixtures thereof, more preferably Group III, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils, due to their superior volatility, stability, viscosity, and detergency characteristics. +, IV, and Group V base oils. Small amounts of Group I base stocks, e.g., amounts used to dilute additives for blending into formulated lubricant products, can be tolerated, but are typically kept to a minimum, e.g., amounts relevant only for use as a diluent / carrier oil for the additives used on an "as received" basis. With regard to Group II stocks, it is often more useful for Group II base stocks to be in the higher quality range associated with the stock, i.e., Group II stocks having a viscosity index in the range of 100-120.

[0090] The base oils useful herein can be selected from either synthetic, natural, or rerefined oils (e.g., those typically used as crankcase lubricants in spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines). Mixtures of synthetic and / or natural and / or rerefined base oils can be used if desired. Multimodal mixtures (e.g., bimodal or trimodal mixtures) of Group I, II, III, IV, and / or V base stocks can be used if desired. The base oil or base oil blend used herein conveniently has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (KV100, measured according to ASTM D445-19a and expressed in centistokes (cSt) or its equivalent mm) of from about 2 to about 40 cSt, alternatively from 3 to 30 cSt, alternatively from 4 to 20 cSt at 100°C, alternatively from 5 to 10 cSt. 2 C. / s), alternatively the base oil or base oil blend may have a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of from 2 to 20 cSt, from 2.5 to 2 cSt, preferably from about 2.5 cSt to about 9 cSt.

[0091] The base oil or base oil blend preferably has a saturate content of at least 65% by mass, more preferably at least 75% by mass, such as at least 85% by mass, for example at least 90% by mass, as determined by ASTM D2007. Preferably, the base oil or base oil blend will have a sulfur content of less than 1 mass %, preferably less than 0.6 mass %, most preferably less than 0.4 mass %, for example less than 0.3 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition, as measured by ASTM D5185. In an embodiment, the volatility of the base oil or base oil blend is not more than 30% by weight, such as not more than 25% by weight, such as not more than 20% by weight, such as not more than 16% by weight, such as not more than 12% by weight, such as not more than 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, as measured by the Noack test (ASTM D5800, Procedure B). In an embodiment, the base oil has a viscosity index (VI) of at least 95, preferably at least 110, more preferably at least 120, even more preferably at least 125, and most preferably from about 130 to 240, especially from about 105 to 140 (as determined by ASTM D2270). A major amount of base oil may be provided in combination with a minor amount of one or more additive components, as described below, that make up the lubricant. This preparation can be accomplished by adding the additives directly to the oil, or by adding one or more additives in the form of their concentrates and dispersing or dissolving the additives. The additives can be added to the oil by any method known to those skilled in the art, either before, simultaneously with, or after the addition of other additives.

[0092] The base oil is provided in a minor amount in combination with a minor amount of one or more additive components, as described below, which constitute an additive concentrate. This preparation can be accomplished by adding the additive directly to the oil, or by adding one or more additives in the form of a solution, slurry, or suspension thereof, such that the additive is dispersed or dissolved in the oil. The additives can be added to the oil by any method known to those skilled in the art, either before, simultaneously with, or after the addition of other additives. The base oil typically constitutes the majority component of the engine oil lubricant compositions of the present disclosure and is typically present in an amount ranging from about 50 to about 99 weight percent, preferably from about 70 to about 95 weight percent, and more preferably from about 80 to about 95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition. Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 32 mass% or more, alternatively 55 mass% or more, alternatively 60 mass% or more, alternatively 65 mass% or more, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition. Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 98 mass% or less, more preferably 95 mass% or less, even more preferably 90 mass% or less. Alternatively, the one or more base oils are present in the lubricating composition in an amount of 1 to 99 mass%, alternatively 50 to 97 mass%, alternatively 60 to 95 mass%, alternatively 70 to 95 mass%, based on the mass of the lubricating composition.

[0093] The above described base oils and blends thereof are also useful in making concentrates and lubricants therefrom. Concentrates are a convenient means of facilitating additive handling prior to use, as well as dissolving or dispersing the additive in the lubricant. When preparing a lubricant containing more than one type of additive (sometimes referred to as "additive components"), each additive may be incorporated separately, each in the form of a concentrate. However, it is often convenient to provide a so-called additive "package" (also called an "add pack"), which contains one or more additives / co-additives, as described below, in a single concentrate. Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the concentrate composition in an amount of 50% by weight or less, alternatively 40% by weight or less, alternatively 30% by weight or less, alternatively 20% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition. Typically, the one or more base oils are present in the concentrate composition in an amount of 0.1 to 49% by weight, alternatively 5 to 40% by weight, alternatively 10 to 30% by weight, alternatively 15 to 25% by weight, based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In embodiments, the acylation / functionalization reactions described herein may occur in the presence of a base oil diluent. As a by-product, a functionalized base oil may be produced. The oil itself may be acylated and / or functionalized. For example, maleated base oils or aminated base oils may be present after the functionalization reactions described herein.

[0094] It is contemplated that the functionalized base oil may include an acylated oil. It is contemplated that the functionalized base oil may include the reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine to form an amide, an imide, or a combination thereof. It is contemplated that the functionalized base oil may include both acylated oils and reaction products of acylated oils with amines to form amides, imides, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the lubricating oil composition and / or concentrate composition may comprise a functionalized base oil, such as an acylated oil, and / or a reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine or alcohol to form an amide, imide, ester, or combination thereof, in an amount of 40 mass % or less, alternatively 20 mass % or less, alternatively 10 mass % or less, alternatively 5 mass % or less, based on the total mass of the concentrate composition. Typically, one or more functionalized base oils, such as an acylated oil, and / or a reaction product of an acylated oil with an amine or alcohol to form an amide, imide, ester, or combination thereof, are present in the concentrate in an amount of 0.01 to 40 mass %, alternatively 0.1 to 20 mass %, alternatively 1 to 10 mass %, alternatively 1.5 to 5 mass %, based on the mass of the concentrate composition.

[0095] Typically, the one or more functionalized base oils, acylated oils, and / or reaction products of acylated oils with amines or alcohols which form amides, imides, esters, or combinations thereof, are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount from 0.01 to 40 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 20 mass %, alternatively from 1 to 10 mass %, alternatively from 1.5 to 5 mass %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. In an embodiment, the functionalized oil may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3 wt % or less, preferably 2 wt % or less, preferably 1 wt % or less, preferably 0.1 wt % or less, preferably 0 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. In an embodiment, the functionalized oil may be present in the concentrate composition at 3 wt.% or less, preferably 2 wt.% or less, preferably 1 wt.% or less, preferably 0.1 wt.% or less, preferably 0 wt.% based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In an embodiment, the acylation / functionalization reaction described herein may occur in a solvent-containing medium. As a by-product, a functionalized solvent may be produced. The solvent itself may be acylated and / or functionalized. In an embodiment, the acylated and / or functionalized solvent may be present in the concentrate composition at 3 wt. % or less, preferably 2 wt. % or less, preferably 1 wt. % or less, preferably 0.1 wt. % or less, preferably 0 wt. % based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In an embodiment, the functionalized solvent may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3 wt. % or less, preferably 2 wt. % or less, preferably 1 wt. % or less, preferably 0.1 wt. % or less, preferably 0 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0096] B. Functionalized Polymers The present disclosure relates to functionalized polymers, including polymers having a Mn of about 10,000 g / mol or more, such as 20,000 g / mol or more, such as 25,000 g / mol or more, such as 30,000 g / mol or more, such as 35,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) prior to functionalization. Alternatively, the functionalized polymer comprises a polymer having, prior to functionalization, a Mn of 10,000 to 300,000 g / mol, such as 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, for example 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, for example 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, for example 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol (GPC-PS); alternatively, the polymer prior to functionalization has a Mn of 10,000 g / mol to 100,000 g / mol (GPC-PS), for example 15,000 to 80,000 g / mol, for example 20,000 to 70,000 g / mol. The polymer before functionalization may have a Mw / Mn of less than 2 (determined by GPC-PS, e.g. less than 1.8, e.g. less than 1.6, e.g. less than 1.5, e.g. 1.4 or less, e.g. 1-1.3, e.g. 1.0-1.25, e.g. 1.0-1.2, e.g. 1.0-1.15, e.g. 1.0-1.1). The polymer before functionalization may comprise repeat units of one or more olefins having 4-5 carbon atoms (preferably conjugated dienes having 4-5 carbon atoms) or one or more C2-C 20 (For example, C2~C12 , e.g., C2-C6) linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins (e.g., ethylene and / or propylene). Prior to functionalization, the polymer (e.g., C 4~5 The functionalized polymer is preferably fully or partially saturated (e.g., fully or partially hydrogenated). The functionalized polymer can be obtained by reacting the polymer with an acylating agent to form an acylated polymer, and then reacting the acylated polymer with an amine or alcohol to form an amide, imide, ester, or combinations thereof. The functionalized polymer can be obtained by reacting the polymer with an acylated polymer (e.g., commercially available maleated fully or partially hydrogenated C 4~5 The polymers may also be obtained by reacting a maleated olefin copolymer (such as a tertiary olefin copolymer of ethylene and propylene) with an amine to form an amide, imide, or combination thereof.

[0097] The present disclosure relates to a C 4~5 The C20 polymers described herein can be obtained by reacting a fully or partially saturated (e.g., fully or partially hydrogenated) polymer of a conjugated diene with an acylating agent, such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride, and then reacting the acylated polymer with an amine (e.g., a polyamine) to form an imide, amide, or combination thereof. 4~5 Further related to amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized saturated (eg, hydrogenated) polymers of conjugated dienes. The present disclosure provides a C 2~20 C2-C olefins, as described herein, obtained by reacting a fully or partially saturated (e.g., fully or partially hydrogenated) polymer of an alpha olefin with an acylating agent, such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride, and then reacting the acylated polymer with an amine (e.g., a polyamine) to form an imide, amide, or combination thereof. 20 Alpha olefins (e.g., C2-C 12It further relates to amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized saturated (eg, hydrogenated) polymers of linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins, such as ethylene and propylene homopolymers and copolymers.

[0098] The present disclosure provides a C amine ester compound that contains one or more pendant amine groups and is at least partially (preferably fully) hydrogenated. 4~5 Olefin polymer and / or C2~ 20 The present invention relates to a polymer that includes or is obtained by mixing a polymer (e.g., a copolymer of ethylene and propylene) with an acylating agent, such as maleic acid or maleic anhydride, and then reacting the acylated polymer with a polyamine to form an imide, amide, or combination thereof. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer is not prepared in an aromatic solvent (e.g., benzene or toluene), or aromatic solvent is present at 2% by weight or less (e.g., 1% by weight or less, e.g., 0.5% by weight or less) based on the weight of the solvent, diluent, and polymer.

[0099] In embodiments, the functionalized polymer is not prepared in an alkylated naphthylene solvent, or the alkylated naphthylene solvent is present at 5% by weight or less (e.g., 3% by weight or less, e.g., 1% by weight or less) based on the weight of the solvent, diluent, and polymer. In embodiments, the polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers include those having a C2 to C 20 It may be a homopolymer of an alpha olefin (eg, a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, and the like, such as a copolymer of ethylene and propylene). The polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may be homopolymers such as butadiene or isoprene. In embodiments, the polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers may be homopolymers of isoprene or copolymers of isoprene and less than 5 mol % (e.g., less than 3 mol %, e.g., less than 1 mol %, e.g., less than 0.1 mol %) of a comonomer.

[0100] Polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers include those made from isoprene and styrene, methyl-styrene, 2,3-dimethyl-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, myrcene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-hexyl-1,3-butadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2-benzyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-p-tolyl - 1,3-butadiene 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,4-heptadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 2,4-octadiene, 3,5-octadiene, 1,3-nonadiene, 2,4-nonadiene, 3,5-nonadiene, 1,3-decadiene, 2,4-decadiene, and 3,5-decadiene (optionally the comonomer is present at less than 20 mol%, less than 5 mol%, such as less than 3 mol%, for example less than 1 mol%, for example less than 0.1 mol%).

[0101] Generally, the polymerized conjugated diene polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers contain a mixture of 1,4- and 1,2-insertions (also known as 2,1-insertions; for butadiene, 1,2-insertions are the same as 3,4-insertions). The polymerized conjugated diene polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers contain a mixture of 1,4- and 1,2-insertions (also known as 2,1-insertions; for butadiene, 1,2-insertions are the same as 3,4-insertions). 1Based on the sum of 2,1, 1,4, and 3,4 insertions of isoprene, the isoprene includes at least about 50% 1,4-insertions, such as at least about 75% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 80% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 90% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 95% 1,4 insertions, such as at least 98% 1,4 insertions, as determined by H NMR. For purposes of this disclosure, 1) the phrase "1,4 insertion" includes 1,4 and 4,1 insertions, 2) the phrase "2,1 insertion" includes 2,1 and 1,2 insertions, and 3) the phrase "3,4 insertion" includes 3,4 insertions and 4,3 insertions.

[0102] Optionally, the polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers may be free of styrene repeat units. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers may be free of styrene repeat units. Optionally, the polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers may be free of butadiene repeat units. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers may be free of butadiene repeat units. Optionally, the polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may not be homopolybutylene. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers may not be homopolybutylene. Optionally, the polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may not be homopolyisobutylene. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers may not be homopolyisobutylene. Optionally, the polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may not be copolymers of isoprene and butadiene. Optionally, the functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers may not be copolymers of isoprene and butadiene.

[0103] Polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers include those having C2-C 20 Alpha olefins, e.g. C2-C 12It may also be an alpha olefin (eg, a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, and the like, such as a copolymer of ethylene and propylene). The polymers and / or functionalized polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers may be homopolymers or copolymers. The copolymers may be random copolymers, tapered block copolymers, star copolymers, or block copolymers. Block copolymers are formed from a monomer mixture that includes one or more first monomers (e.g., isobutylene), for example, the first monomer forms a separate block of polymer that is joined to a second separate block of polymer formed from a second monomer (e.g., butadiene). Block copolymers have substantially separate blocks formed from monomers, whereas tapered block copolymers may be composed of a relatively pure first monomer at one end and a relatively pure second monomer at the other end. The middle portion of the tapered block copolymer may have a gradient composition of more of the two monomers.

[0104] Polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymers may typically have a Mn from 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively from 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively from 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). Alternatively, if the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol, such as greater than 30,000 g / mol, or greater than 35,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). Polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers may typically have a Mw / Mn (determined by GPC-PS) of 1 to 2, alternatively greater than 1 and less than 2, alternatively 1.1 to 1.8, alternatively 1.2 to 1.5. Alternatively, polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers may typically have a Mw / Mn of 1 or greater than 1 and less than 2 (e.g. less than 1.8, such as less than 1.7, for example less than 1.6, such as less than 1.5, for example less than 1.4, such as less than 1.3, for example less than 1.2, for example less than 1.15, such as less than 1.12, for example less than 1.10).

[0105] Polymers useful herein for preparing the functionalized polymer may have a Mz (determined by GPC-PS) of 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol, alternatively 40,000 to 60,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). Polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of -25°C or less, such as -40°C or less, such as -50°C or less, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using a Perkin Elmer or TA Instrument Thermal Analysis System (sample heated from ambient temperature to 210°C at 10°C / min, held at 210°C for 5 minutes, then cooled at 10°C / min to -40°C and held for 5 minutes). Polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers typically have less than 3% residual unsaturation, based on the number of double bonds in the unhydrogenated polymer, such as less than 2%, such as less than 1%, such as less than 0.5%, such as less than 0.25%. The polymers useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers typically have a residual metal (e.g., Li, Co, and Al) content of less than 100 ppm, such as less than 50 ppm, such as less than 25 ppm, such as less than 10 ppm, such as less than 5 ppm.

[0106] Hydrogenation C useful herein for preparing functionalized polymers 4~5 Polymer and C 2~20 The linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefin polymers can be partially or fully hydrogenated by any hydrogenating agent known to those skilled in the art. For example, the saturated or partially saturated polymers can be (a) C olefins containing unsaturation (e.g., double or triple bonds). 4~5 Polymer and / or C 2~20 The method can be prepared by (b) providing a linear alpha olefin polymer, and (b) hydrogenating at least some or all of the unsaturation (e.g., double or triple bonds) of the polymer in the presence of a hydrogenation agent. In some embodiments, the polymer is fully hydrogenated. In some embodiments, the polymer is partially hydrogenated. In some embodiments, the polymer is 50% or more saturated (hydrogenated), such as 60% or more, such as 70% or more, such as 80% or more, such as 90% or more, such as 95% or more, such as 98% or more, such as 99% or more, such as 50-100% saturated (hydrogenated), as determined by the ozone adsorption method described in Martino N. Smits and Dirkman Hoefman, Quantitative Determination of Olefinic Unsaturation by Measurement of Ozone Absorption Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 44, No. 9, p. 1688, 1972, Martino N. Smits.

[0107] In an embodiment, the hydrogenation reagent may be hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. In some embodiments, the hydrogenation catalyst is Pd, Pd / C, Pt, PtO2, Ru(PPh3)2Cl2, Raney Nickel, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the catalyst is a Pd catalyst. In another embodiment, the catalyst is 5% Pd / C. In a further embodiment, the catalyst may include or be 10% Pd / C in a high pressure reactor, and the hydrogenation reaction is allowed to proceed to completion. Generally, after completion, the reaction mixture can be washed, concentrated, and dried to obtain the corresponding hydrogenation product. Alternatively, any reducing agent capable of reducing a C=C double bond to a CC single bond can be used. For example, an olefin polymer can be hydrogenated by treatment with hydrazine in the presence of a catalyst, such as 5-ethyl-3-methyl luminiflavinium perchlorate, under an oxygen atmosphere to obtain the corresponding hydrogenation product. The reduction reaction with hydrazine is disclosed in Imada et al., J Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 127, pp. 14544-14545 (2005), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0108] Acylation A fully or partially saturated (hydrogenated) polymer can be chemically modified (functionalized) to provide a polymer having at least one polar functional group, such as, but not limited to, halogen, epoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitrilo, mercapto, imide, carboxy, and sulfonic acid groups, or a combination thereof. The functionalized polymer can be further modified to provide a more desirable type of functionality. In a preferred case, the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer is functionalized by a method that includes reacting the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer with an unsaturated carboxylic acid (or a derivative thereof, such as maleic anhydride) to provide an acylated polymer, which may then be further functionalized as described below. In some embodiments, carboxylic acid functionality or its reactive equivalent is grafted onto the polymer to form an acylated polymer. Typically, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid material is grafted onto the polymer backbone. Such materials attached to the polymer typically contain at least one ethylenic bond (before reaction) and at least one, for example, two carboxylic acid (or anhydride) groups, or polar groups that can be converted to said carboxyl groups by oxidation or hydrolysis. Maleic anhydride or its derivatives are suitable. Such materials are grafted onto the polymer to provide two carboxylic acid functionalities. Examples of additional unsaturated carboxylic acid materials include itaconic anhydride, or the corresponding dicarboxylic acids, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, and their esters, and cinnamic acid and its esters.

[0109] Ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid materials can be grafted onto the polymer in a number of ways. They can be grafted onto the polymer in solution or in essentially pure (molten) form, with or without the use of a radical initiator. Free radical induced grafting of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid material can also be carried out in a solvent, such as hexane or mineral oil. Free radical induced grafting of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid material may be carried out at elevated temperatures in the range of 100°C to 250°C, such as 120°C to 190°C or 150°C to 180°C, for example above 160°C. Free radical initiators that can be used include peroxides, hydroperoxides, and azo compounds, typically those having boiling points greater than about 100° C. that thermally decompose within the grafting temperature range to provide free radicals. Representative examples of such free radical initiators include azobisisobutyronitrile and 2,5-dimethyl-hex-3-yn-2,5-bis-tertiary-butylperoxide. The initiator can be used in an amount of 0.005% to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the reaction mixture solution. The grafting may be carried out in an inert atmosphere, for example under a nitrogen blanket. The resulting acylated polymer intermediate is characterized by having a carboxylic acid acylation functionality as part of its structure.

[0110] In embodiments, the acylated polymer may have two or more anhydride groups per polymer molecule, and less than 10% may exhibit gelation. Alternatively, the acylated polymer may have less than two anhydride groups per polymer molecule, and less than 10% may exhibit gelation. (See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,758, column 17, line 14 to column 18, line 11.) Alternatively, in some embodiments, the acylated polymer may have a gel content of less than about 5%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, or 0% by weight, where the gel content is measured by determining the amount of material extractable from the polymer using boiling xylene (or cyclohexane) as the extractant. The percentage of soluble and insoluble (gel) material in a polymer composition is determined by immersing a polymer film specimen of nominal thickness 0.5 mm in cyclohexane for 48 hours at 23° C. or refluxing the film specimen in boiling xylene for 30 minutes, removing the solvent, weighing the dry residue, and calculating the amount of soluble and insoluble (gel) material. This method is outlined in U.S. Pat. No. 4,311,628, which is incorporated herein by reference. For purposes of this disclosure, gel content is measured using boiling xylene, and if the sample is not soluble in xylene, the cyclohexane method is used.

[0111] In an embodiment, the acylated polymer may have a saponification number (SAP), as determined by ASTM D94, of 5 g / KOH or more, such as 10 g / KOH or more, such as 20 g / KOH or more, such as 30 g / KOH, 50 g / KOH or more, such as from 10 to 60 g / KOH, such as from 20 to 40 g / KOH. In embodiments, the acylated polymer composition may have less than 5% by weight, such as less than 4% by weight, such as less than 3% by weight, such as less than 1% by weight, such as less than 0.5% by weight, such as less than 0.25% by weight, such as less than 0.1% by weight, of unreacted acylating agent (e.g., maleic anhydride) based on the weight of the acylated polymer composition (i.e., polymer, acylating agent, and diluent). In embodiments, the acylation reaction described herein may occur in the base oil diluent. As a by-product, a functionalized base oil may be produced. The oil itself may be acylated. For example, maleated base oil may be present after the acylation reaction described herein.

[0112] It is contemplated that the functionalized base oil may include acylated oils and / or reaction products of acylated oils with amines to form amides, imides, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the acylated oil, and / or reaction products of the acylated oil with amines or alcohols to form amides, imides, esters, or combinations thereof, may be present in the concentrate in an amount of 40% by weight or less, alternatively 20% by weight or less, alternatively 10% by weight or less, alternatively 5% by weight or less, alternatively 3% by weight or less, preferably 2% by weight or less, preferably 1% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0% by weight (e.g., 0 to 40% by weight, alternatively 0.01 to 40% by weight, alternatively 0.1 to 20% by weight, alternatively 1 to 10% by weight, alternatively 1.5 to 5% by weight), based on the weight of the concentrate composition. Preferably, the one or more functionalized base oils, for example, acylated oils, and / or reaction products of acylated oils with amines or alcohols to form amides, imides, esters, or combinations thereof, may be present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount from 0.01 to 40 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 20 mass %, alternatively from 1 to 10 mass %, alternatively from 1.5 to 5 mass % (e.g. 3 mass % or less, preferably 2 mass % or less, preferably 1 mass % or less, preferably 0.1 mass % or less, preferably 0 mass %) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0113] In an embodiment, the acylation reaction described herein occurs in a solvent-containing medium. As a by-product, an acylated / functionalized solvent may be produced. In an embodiment, the acylated and / or functionalized solvent may be present in the concentrate composition at 3 wt. % or less, preferably 2 wt. % or less, preferably 1 wt. % or less, preferably 0.1 wt. % or less, preferably 0 wt. % based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In an embodiment, the functionalized solvent may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3 wt. % or less, preferably 2 wt. % or less, preferably 1 wt. % or less, preferably 0.1 wt. % or less, preferably 0 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. In embodiments, the acylating agent may be added to minimize side reactions (eg, reactions with base oil or other diluents present in the reaction vessel). In an embodiment, the acylation reaction can occur by adding the acylating agent (e.g., maleic acid or maleic anhydride) in a continuous or semi-continuous (e.g., intermittent) flow (e.g., in relatively equal amounts over the reaction time, or in controlled amounts of greater and / or lesser amounts at various times during the reaction) to minimize functionalized base oil and other side reactions. As an example, the acylating agent can be added in a continuous mode in which the amount of polymer and acylating agent are added in controlled stoichiometric amounts. As another example, the polymer can be added to the reaction vessel in a batch mode, and the acylating agent can be added slowly or in a semi-continuous mode (e.g., the acylating agent is added in 2 or more, such as 5 or more, such as 10 or more, such as 20 or more, such as 30 or more, such as 40 or more, such as 50 or more, such as 60 or more separate amounts or portions). Alternatively, the polymer may be added to the reaction vessel in X portions and the acylating agent may be added in 1.5X or more portions (e.g., 2X or more, such as 5X or more, such as 10X or more, such as 20X or more, such as 30X or more, such as 40X or more, such as 50X or more, such as 60X or more) The same effect can also be achieved by diluting or concentrating the polymer solution and / or the acylating agent solution to the same or different extents.

[0114] Preferably, the acylating agent is added in a manner that minimizes side reactions, for example in a continuous or semi-continuous manner. The reaction can also be carried out to minimize side reactions by using high concentrations of polymer in the diluent, for example 45% by weight or more, or 50% by weight or more, or 55% by weight or more, or 60% by weight or more, in a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous reactor operation. For example, the polymer (e.g., a hydrogenated isoprene polymer, such as a hydrogenated homo-polyisoprene) can be introduced into a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous reactor operation as a solution or suspension (e.g., a slurry) in a diluent (e.g., an oil (e.g., a base oil, such as Group I, II, III, IV, and / or V base oil, such as Group II and / or Group III base oil) or an alkane solvent or diluent, or a combination thereof), and the polymer can be present in the solution or suspension at 45% by weight or more (or 50% by weight or more, or 55% by weight or more, or 60% by weight or more) based on the weight of the polymer and diluent.

[0115] In embodiments, side reactions can be minimized by 1) adding the acylating agent in a continuous or semi-continuous manner, and / or 2) introducing the polymer into a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous reactor operation as a solution or suspension in the diluent where the polymer is present at 45% by weight or more based on the weight of the polymer and diluent. In embodiments, side reactions are optionally minimized by adding the acylating agent in a continuous or semi-continuous manner and / or by introducing the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer (e.g., isoprene polymer) into a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous reactor operation as a solution or suspension in the diluent comprising 45% or more (or 50% or more, or 55% or more, or 60% or more) by weight of the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer and the diluent. In an embodiment, side reactions are optionally minimized by adding the acylating agent in a continuous or semi-continuous manner and by introducing the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer (e.g., isoprene polymer) into a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous reactor operation as a solution or suspension in the diluent comprising 45% or more (or 50% or more, or 55% or more, or 60% or more) by weight of the fully or partially hydrogenated polymer and the diluent.

[0116] sensualization In embodiments, the acylated polymers can be reacted with alcohols or amines to form amides, imides, esters, or combinations thereof. The reaction may consist of condensation to form imides, amides, half amides, amide-esters, diesters, or amine salts. Typically, primary amino groups will condense to form amides, or in the case of maleic anhydride, imides. It is noted that the amine may have a single primary amino group or multiple primary amino groups. Suitable amines may include one or more aromatic amines, such as amines in which a carbon atom of an aromatic ring structure is directly bonded to an amino nitrogen. The amine may also be aliphatic. In embodiments, aliphatic amines may be used alone or in combination with each other or in combination with aromatic amines. The amount of aromatic amine may be greater or less than the amount of non-aromatic amines in some embodiments, or in some cases, the composition may be substantially free of aromatic amines. Alternatively, the composition may be substantially free of aliphatic amines.

[0117] Examples of aromatic amines that can be used herein include those of the formula: [ka] and N-arylphenylenediamines represented by: wherein R7 is H, -NHaryl, -NHalkaryl, or a branched or linear hydrocarbyl radical having from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, or alkaryl; R9 is -NH, -(NH(CH) n ) m NH2, -NHalkyl, -NHaralkyl, -CH2-aryl-NH2, where n and m each have a value of from about 1 to about 10, and R8 is hydrogen, or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, or alkaryl having from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms.

[0118] Suitable N-arylphenylenediamines include N-phenylphenylenediamines (NPDA), such as N-phenyl-4,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, and N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, and N-naphthyl-1,4-phenylenediamine. Other derivatives of NPPDA, such as N-propyl-N'-phenylphenylenediamine, may also be included. In an embodiment, the acylated polymer backbone is selected from the group consisting of polyhydrocarbyl polyamines, polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines, polyoxyalkylene polyamines, and combinations thereof, preferably tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehaxamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-diamines (e.g., N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (4-aminodiphenylamine, ADP), and combinations thereof. A), N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine), nitroaniline (e.g., 3-nitroaniline), N-phenylethane-diamine (e.g., N1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine), N-aminophenylacetamide (e.g., N-(4-aminophenyl)acetamide), morpholinopropanamine (e.g., 3-morpholinopropan-1-amine), and aminoethylpiperazine (e.g., 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine).

[0119] In embodiments, the amine reacted with the acylated polymer is an amine having at least three or four aromatic groups and has the following formula: [ka] It can be expressed as: where, independently, each variable R 1 may be hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group (typically hydrogen), R 2 may be hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group (typically is hydrogen), U may be an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic group, but when U is aliphatic, the aliphatic group may be a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group containing 1 to 5 or 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and w is 1 to 10, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 (typically is 1).

[0120] Other examples of aromatic amines include aniline, N-alkylanilines such as N-methylaniline and N-butylaniline, di-(para-methylphenyl)amine, naphthylamine, 4-aminodiphenylamine, N,N-dimethylphenylenediamine, 4-(4-nitro-phenylazo)aniline (Disperse Orange 3), sulfamethazine, 4-phenoxyaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 4-aminoacetanilide, 4-amino-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid phenyl ester (phenylaminosalicylate), N-(4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-benzamide (Fast Violet B), N-(4-amino-2,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-benzamide (Fast Blue RR), N-(4-amino-2,5-diethoxy-phenyl)-benzamide (Fast Blue BB), N-(4-amino-phenyl)-benzamide, and 4-phenylazoaniline. Suitable amines are referenced in US Pat. No. 7,790,661, incorporated herein by reference.

[0121] In embodiments, the compound that is condensed with the acylated polymer can be represented by the formula: [ka] where X is an alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is a hydrocarbyl group. [ka] where X is an alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R 3 and R 4 is a hydrocarbyl group.

[0122] Alternatively, the amine may be an amine having at least four aromatic groups and an aldehyde (e.g., formaldehyde). Aromatic amines have the formula: [ka] It can be expressed as: In the formula, R 1 is hydrogen or C 1~5 is an alkyl group (typically hydrogen), and R 2 is hydrogen or C 1~5 is an alkyl group (typically hydrogen), U may be an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic group, but optionally, when U is aliphatic, the aliphatic group may be a linear or branched alkylene group containing 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, e.g., 0, 1, 2, or 3, or 0 or 1 (typically 0). For further information on such amines, see, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0073606, page 5, paragraphs

[0064] to

[0070] and EP 2 401 348.

[0123] Examples of compounds that can be condensed with an acylating agent and further have a tertiary amino group include, but are not limited to, dimethylaminopropylamine, N,N-dimethyl-aminopropylamine, N,N-diethyl-aminopropylamine, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, the isomeric butylenediamines, pentanediamine, hexanediamine, heptanediamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, dibutylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, hexamethylenetetramine, and bis(hexamethylene)triamine, diaminobenzene, diaminopyridine, or mixtures thereof. Compounds that can be condensed with the acylating agent and further have a tertiary amino group can further include aminoalkyl-substituted heterocyclic compounds, such as 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, and 4-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine, 3,3-di-amino-N-methyldipropylamine, 3',3-aminobis(N,N-dimethylpropylamine). Further examples of compounds that can be condensed with the acylating agent and further have a tertiary amino group include alkanolamines, including, but not limited to, triethanolamine, trimethanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminopropanol, N,N-di-ethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminobutanol, N,N,N-tris(hydroxyethyl)amine, and N,N,N-tris(hydroxymethyl)amine.

[0124] In embodiments, the acylated polymer backbone is reacted with one or more hydroxy-substituted polyamines from the group consisting of N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines, such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylenediamines, or with one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene diamines. In embodiments, the compound reacted with the acylated polymer backbone is a hydroxyl group-containing compound, particularly a polyhydroxy compound, such as an alcohol or a polyol, for example pentaerythritol, or a hydrocarbyl-bridged aryloxy alcohol.

[0125] In an embodiment, the polymer may be reacted with a polyether aromatic compound. Typically, the polyether aromatic compound will have at least two functional groups, each of which can react with a monocarboxylic acid or its ester, or a dicarboxylic acid, its anhydride or ester, or a mixture thereof. In an embodiment, the polyether aromatic compound is derived from an aromatic compound that contains at least one amine group, and the polyether can react with a monocarboxylic acid or its ester, or a dicarboxylic acid, its anhydride or ester.

[0126] Examples of suitable polyether aromatic amines include those having the following structures: [ka] and a compound having the formula: wherein A represents an aromatic amine moiety to which an ether group is linked via at least one amine group on the aromatic moiety; R1 and R6 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or aryl, or mixtures thereof; R2, R3, R4, and R5 are independently hydrogen, or alkyl containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof; and a and x are independently integers from about 1 to about 50.

[0127] The acylated polymer may be reacted with a polyetheramine or polyetherpolyamine. A typical polyetheramine compound contains at least one ether unit and is chain terminated with at least one amine moiety. The polyetherpolyamine may be based on polymers derived from C2-C6 epoxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide. Examples of polyetherpolyamines are sold under the Jeffamine™ brand and are commercially available from Hunstman Corporation. Amines, e.g., monoamines and polyamines, useful herein for combination with the acylated polymers include, in particular, polyamines, e.g., primary amines, e.g., primary aromatic amines, in particular, one or more of the following: N-phenyldiamines (e.g., N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (also known as 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA), N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine), nitroanilines (e.g., 3-nitroaniline), N-phenylethane-diamines (e.g., N1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine), N-aminophenylacetamides (e.g., N-(4-aminophenyl)acetamide), morpholinopropanamines (e.g., 3-morpholinopropan-1-amine), and aminoethylpiperazines (e.g., 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine).

[0128] In embodiments, the functionalization (e.g., amination) reactions described herein may occur in a diluent (e.g., a base oil or an alkane solvent). As a by-product, a functionalized diluent (e.g., a functionalized base oil) may be produced. It is contemplated that the functionalized diluent (e.g., a functionalized base oil) may include the reaction product of an acylated diluent (e.g., an acylated base oil) with an amine to form an amide, an imide, or a combination thereof. Preferably, reaction products of the acylated diluent (e.g., acylated oil) with amines or alcohols to form amides, imides, esters, or combinations thereof may be present in the concentrate in an amount of 40% by weight or less, alternatively 20% by weight or less, alternatively 10% by weight or less, alternatively 5% by weight or less, alternatively 3% by weight or less, preferably 2% by weight or less, preferably 1% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0% by weight (e.g., 0 to 40% by weight, alternatively 0.01 to 40% by weight, alternatively 0.1 to 20% by weight, alternatively 1 to 10% by weight, alternatively 1.5 to 5% by weight), based on the weight of the concentrate composition. Preferably, one or more functionalized base oils, for example, reaction products of an acylated diluent (e.g., an acylated base oil) with an amine or an alcohol to form an amide, imide, ester, or combinations thereof, may be present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount from 0.01 to 40 mass %, alternatively from 0.1 to 20 mass %, alternatively from 1 to 10 mass %, alternatively from 1.5 to 5 mass % (e.g., 3 mass % or less, preferably 2 mass % or less, preferably 1 mass % or less, preferably 0.1 mass % or less, preferably 0 mass %) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0129] In embodiments, the functionalization (e.g., amination) reactions described herein may occur in a solvent-containing medium. As a by-product, a functionalized solvent may be produced. In embodiments, the functionalized solvent may be present in the concentrate composition at 3 wt. % or less, preferably 2 wt. % or less, preferably 1 wt. % or less, preferably 0.1 wt. % or less, preferably 0 wt. % based on the weight of the concentrate composition. In embodiments, the functionalized solvent may be present in the lubricating oil composition at 3 wt. % or less, preferably 2 wt. % or less, preferably 1 wt. % or less, preferably 0.1 wt. % or less, preferably 0 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. In embodiments, the acylated base oil / solvent may be removed prior to functionalization.

[0130] Conjugated Diene Functionalized Polymers The functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer of a C4 or C5 olefin, such as butadiene and isoprene. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer of isoprene or a copolymer of isoprene and less than 5 mol % (e.g., less than 3 mol %, such as less than 1 mol %, such as less than 0.1 mol %) of a comonomer. The functionalized polymers are a mixture of isoprene and styrene, methyl-styrene, 2,3-dimethyl-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, myrcene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-hexyl-1,3-butadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2-benzyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-p-tolyl-1,3-butadiene, ... It may comprise or be a copolymer with one or more of the dienes 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,4-heptadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 2,4-octadiene, 3,5-octadiene, 1,3-nonadiene, 2,4-nonadiene, 3,5-nonadiene, 1,3-decadiene, 2,4-decadiene, and 3,5-decadiene (optionally the comonomer is present at less than 20 mol%, less than 5 mol%, such as less than 3 mol%, for example less than 1 mol%, for example less than 0.1 mol%).

[0131] In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer comprises up to 10 (eg 9, such as 8, for example 7, for example 6, for example 5, for example 4, for example 3, for example 2, for example 1) weight percent styrene monomer based on the weight of the functionalized polymer. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be free of styrene repeat units. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block or tapered block copolymer that does not include a styrene block. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block or tapered block copolymer comprising (or consisting of, or consisting essentially of) isoprene. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block or tapered block copolymer comprising 50% or more by weight of isoprene, based on the weight of the copolymer. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer is 4~5 Containing (or consisting of or consisting essentially of) a conjugated diene, preferably having 50 (e.g., 60, e.g., 70, e.g., 80, e.g., 90, e.g., 95, e.g., 98) wt. % or more C based on the weight of the copolymer. 4~5 It may also be a block or tapered block copolymer containing a conjugated diene.

[0132] In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may be a copolymer that includes 50 (eg, 60, such as 70, such as 80, such as 90, such as 95, such as 98) weight percent or greater isoprene, based on the weight of the copolymer. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may be a copolymer that includes 50 (eg 60, such as 70, such as 80, such as 90, such as 95, such as 98) weight percent or more of butadiene, based on the weight of the copolymer. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may be a copolymer comprising 50 (eg, 60, such as 70, such as 80, such as 90, such as 95, such as 98) weight percent or more of butadiene and isoprene, based on the weight of the copolymer. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a diblock copolymer that includes at least one block of an isoprene homopolymer or copolymer. Optionally, the functionalized polymer may be free of butadiene repeat units. Optionally, the functionalized polymer may not be a homopolyisobutylene. Optionally, the functionalized polymer may not be a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene.

[0133] Generally, the polymerized conjugated diene in the functionalized polymer comprises monomer units inserted into the growing polymer chain by conjugated addition and non-conjugated addition. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer comprises: 13Based on the total number of conjugate addition and non-conjugate addition insertions as measured by C NMR, it includes at least about 50% conjugate addition insertions, such as at least about 75% conjugate addition insertions, such as about 80% conjugate addition insertions, for example about 85% to about 100% conjugate addition insertions. The insertion of isoprene occurs most frequently through 2,1 insertion, 1,4 insertion (trans and cis), and 3,4 insertion of isoprene. (Measurements of insertion geometry are 1 The functionalized isoprene polymer is 1 Based on the sum of 2,1, 1,4, and 3,4 insertions of isoprene, the isoprene includes at least about 50% 1,4-insertions, such as at least about 75% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 80% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 90% 1,4 insertions, such as at least about 95% 1,4 insertions, such as at least 98% 1,4 insertions, as determined by H NMR. For purposes of this disclosure, 1) the phrase "1,4 insertion" includes 1,4 and 4,1 insertions, 2) the phrase "2,1 insertion" includes 2,1 and 1,2 insertions, and 3) the phrase "3,4 insertion" includes 3,4 insertions and 4,3 insertions.

[0134] The functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Optionally, the functionalized polymer comprises a homopolymer or a copolymer of isoprene. The copolymer may be a random copolymer, a tapered block copolymer, a star copolymer, or a block copolymer. The functionalized polymer may typically have a Mn from 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively from 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively from 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). The polymer before functionalization may typically have a Mn / Mw(GPC-PS) of 1.0 to 2, such as 1.1 to 1.5, such as 1.1 to 1.3, such as 1.1 to 1.2. As functionalization occurs, Mw / Mn broadening may occur. The functionalized polymer may typically have a Mw / Mn (GPC-PS) of 1 to 3, alternatively 1 to 2, alternatively greater than 1 and less than 2, alternatively 1.05 to 1.9, alternatively 1.10 to 1.8, alternatively 1.10 to 1.7, alternatively 1.12 to 1.6, alternatively 1.13 to 1.5, alternatively 1.15 to 1.4, alternatively 1.15 to 1.3. Alternatively, the functionalized polymer may typically have a Mw / Mn of 1 or greater than 1 and less than 2 (e.g. less than 1.8, such as less than 1.7, for example less than 1.6, such as less than 1.5, for example less than 1.4, such as less than 1.2, for example less than 1.15, for example less than 1.12, for example less than 1.10).

[0135] In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a saponification number (SAP) of 25 (eg, 28, eg, 30, eg, 32, eg, 34) mg KOH / g or greater, as determined by ASTM D94. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may contribute 17% or more (eg, 20% or more, such as 17-40%, such as 20-30%) to the saponification number of the lubricating oil composition. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have an average functionality, as determined by GPC-PS, of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain. The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of up to 15 (eg, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) FG grafts / polymer chain, as determined by GPC-PS.

[0136] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) FG grafts / polymer chain or greater, as determined by GPC-PS. The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) to 15 (e.g., 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) FG grafts / polymer chains as determined by GPC-PS. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have an aromatic content of 5% or less, such as 3% or less, such as 1% or less, such as 0%, based on the weight of the polymer. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer is a branched C 2 olefin having a Mn of 20,000 to 500,000 g / mol and a Mw / Mn of 2 or less, e.g., 1 to 2.0, as determined by GPC-PC. 4~5 It may also comprise an acylated polymer of the monomer. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 20,000 (eg, 25,000, such as 30,000, such as 35,000, such as 40,000) g / mol or greater, as determined by GPC-PS. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 50,000 (e.g., 40,000, e.g., 35,000) g / mol or less, as determined by GPC-PS. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 to 50,000 g / mol, e.g., 5000 to 40,000 g / mol, as determined by GPC-PS. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have a z-average molecular weight (Mz) of from 5000 to 150,000 g / mol, such as from 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, for example from 15,000 to 70,000 g / mol, for example from 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively from 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively from 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol, alternatively from 40,000 to 60,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0137] In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a gel content of less than about 5%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, or 0% by weight, where the gel content is measured by determining the amount of material extractable from the polymer using boiling xylene (or cyclohexane) as the extractant. The percentage of soluble and insoluble (gel) material in the polymer composition is determined as described herein. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have a functionality distribution (Fd) value, as determined by GPC-PS (functionality distribution (Fd) value is determined as set forth in the Examples section below), of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, such as 1-3.3, such as 1.1-3.2, such as 1.2-3.0, such as 1.4-2.9) and an average functionality, as determined by GPC-PS, of 1.4-20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4-15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3-12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4-10 FG grafts / polymer chain.

[0138] The present disclosure provides a C olefin copolymer having a Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, e.g., 1-3.3, e.g., 1.1-3.2, e.g., 1.2-3.0, e.g., 1.4-2.9, as measured by GPC-PS). 4~5 The present invention relates to amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers comprising (consisting essentially of or consisting of) olefins, where if the polymer before functionalization is a C4 olefin polymer, e.g., polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, or a copolymer thereof (preferably polyisobutylene or a copolymer of isobutylene and butadiene), the C4 olefin polymer has a Mn of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), and if the polymer before functionalization is a C4 / C5 copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 Mn (GPC-PS).

[0139] The present disclosure also relates to amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized hydrogenated / saturated polymers comprising 90 mol % or more isoprene repeat units, having a Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, such as 1-3.3, such as 1.1-3.2, such as 1.2-3.0, such as 1.4-2.9 as measured by GPC-PS), where the polymer prior to functionalization has a Mn of 30,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS). The present disclosure also relates to amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized hydrogenated / saturated homopolymers of isoprene having a Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less (e.g., 3.4 or less, such as 1-3.3, such as 1.1-3.2, such as 1.2-3.0, such as 1.4-2.9, as determined by GPC-PS), where the polymer prior to functionalization has a Mn of 30,000 g / mol or more (as determined by GPC-PS).

[0140] Functionalized Alpha Olefin Polymers Functionalized polymers are C2-C 20 It may be a homopolymer or copolymer of linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha-olefins (e.g., linear alpha-olefins), such as ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, styrene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, and dodecene, such as copolymers of ethylene and propylene. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer of ethylene or propylene, or a copolymer of ethylene and / or propylene. In embodiments, in copolymers including ethylene and propylene copolymers, ethylene is present in a greater molar amount. In embodiments, in copolymers including ethylene and propylene copolymers, propylene is present in a greater molar amount. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be free of styrene repeat units. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may be a block or tapered block copolymer that does not include a styrene block. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may be a block or tapered block copolymer comprising (or consisting of, or consisting essentially of) ethylene and / or propylene.

[0141] In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may be a block or tapered block copolymer comprising 50% or more by weight ethylene, based on the weight of the copolymer. The functionalized polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Optionally, the functionalized polymer comprises a homopolymer or a copolymer of isoprene. The copolymer may be a random copolymer, a tapered block copolymer, a star copolymer, or a block copolymer. The functionalized polymer may typically have a Mn from 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively from 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively from 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0142] The polymer before functionalization may typically have a Mn / Mw(GPC-PS) of 1.0 to 3, such as 1.1 to 2, such as 1.1 to 1.9, such as 1.1 to 1.8. As functionalization occurs, Mw / Mn broadening may occur. The functionalized polymer may typically have a Mw / Mn (GPC-PS) of 1 to 3, alternatively 1 to 2, alternatively greater than 1 and less than 2, alternatively 1.05 to 1.9, alternatively 1.10 to 1.8, alternatively 1.10 to 1.7, alternatively 1.12 to 1.6, alternatively 1.13 to 1.5, alternatively 1.15 to 1.4, alternatively 1.15 to 1.3. Alternatively, the functionalized polymer may typically have a Mw / Mn of 1 or greater than 1 and less than 2 (such as less than 1.8, such as less than 1.7, for example less than 1.6, such as less than 1.4, for example less than 1.2, such as less than 1.15, for example less than 1.12, for example less than 1.10). In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a saponification number (SAP) of 25 (eg, 28, eg, 30, eg, 32, eg, 34) mg KOH / g or greater, as determined by ASTM D94. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may contribute 17% or more (eg, 20% or more, such as 17-40%, such as 20-30%) to the saponification number of the lubricating oil composition. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have an average functionality, as determined by GPC-PS, of 1.4 to 20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4 to 15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3 to 12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4 to 10 FG grafts / polymer chain. The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of up to 15 (eg, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) FG grafts / polymer chain, as determined by GPC-PS.

[0143] The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) or more of the FG grafts / polymer chains as determined by GPC-PS. The functionalized polymer may have an average functionality of 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, or 4.0) to 15 (e.g., 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, or 6) FG grafts / polymer chains as determined by GPC-PS. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 50,000 (e.g., 40,000, e.g., 35,000) g / mol or less, as determined by GPC-PS. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 to 50,000 g / mol, e.g., 5000 to 40,000 g / mol, as determined by GPC-PS. In an embodiment, the functionalized polymer may have a z-average molecular weight (Mz) of from 5000 to 150,000 g / mol, such as from 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, for example from 15,000 to 70,000 g / mol, for example from 20,000 to 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 20,000 to about 150,000 g / mol, alternatively from 30,000 to about 125,000 g / mol, alternatively from 35,000 to about 100,000 g / mol, alternatively from 40,000 to 80,000 g / mol, alternatively from 40,000 to 60,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

[0144] In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a gel content of less than about 5%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, or 0% by weight, where the gel content is measured by determining the amount of material extractable from the polymer using boiling xylene (or cyclohexane) as the extractant. The percentage of soluble and insoluble (gel) material in the polymer composition is determined as described herein. In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a functionality distribution (Fd) value (functionality distribution (Fd) value determined as set forth in the Examples section below) of greater than 3.5 (e.g., 3.5-10, such as 3.8-8, such as 4.7-7, as determined by GPC-PS) and an average functionality of 1.4-20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4-15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3-12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4-10 FG grafts / polymer chain, as determined by GPC-PS.

[0145] The present disclosure also relates to amide, imide, and / or ester functionalized hydrogenated / saturated homopolymers of isoprene having a Mw / Mn of less than 2, a functionality distribution (Fd) value of greater than 3.5 (e.g., 4.0 or more, such as 4.5 or more, such as 5 or more, such as 6 or more, such as 7 or more, such as 3.5-10, such as 4.0-8.5, such as 5-8.0, such as 3.8-7, as determined by GPC-PS). In embodiments, the functionalized polymer may have a functionality distribution (Fd) value (functionality distribution (Fd) value determined as set forth in the Examples section below) of greater than 3.5 (e.g., greater than or equal to 3.8, e.g., 3.8-8, e.g., 4.7-7, as determined by GPC-PS) and an average functionality of 1.4-20 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 1.4-15 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 3-12.5 FG grafts / polymer chain, such as 4-10 FG grafts / polymer chain, as determined by GPC-PS.

[0146] Lubricating compositions according to the present disclosure may further include one or more additives, such as detergents, friction modifiers, antioxidants, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, viscosity modifiers, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear agents, extreme pressure additives, demulsifiers, seal compatibility agents, additive diluent base oils, etc. Specific examples of such additives are described, for example, in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, Vol. 14, pages 477-526, some of which are discussed in more detail below.

[0147] C. Detergent The lubricating composition may include one or more metal detergents (e.g., blends of metal detergents), also referred to as "detergent additives." Metal detergents typically function as both detergents to reduce or remove deposits and as acid neutralizers or rust inhibitors, thereby reducing wear and corrosion and extending engine life. Detergents generally include a polar head with a long-chain hydrophobic tail, which includes a metal salt of an acidic organic compound. Such salts may include substantially stoichiometric amounts of metal, in which case they are usually described as normal or neutral salts, and will typically have a total base number ("TBN" as measured by ASTM D2896) of up to 150 mg KOH / g, e.g., 0 to 80 (or 5 to 30) mg KOH / g. Large amounts of metal bases can be incorporated by reacting excess metal compounds (e.g., oxides or hydroxides) with acid gases (e.g., carbon dioxide). Such detergents, which may be referred to as overbased, may have a TBN of 100 mg KOH / g or more (e.g., 200 mg KOH / g or more), and will typically have a TBN of 250 mg KOH / g or more, such as 300 mg KOH / g or more, for example from 200 to 800 mg KOH / g, 225 to 700 mg KOH / g, 250 to 650 mg KOH / g, or 300 to 600 mg KOH / g, for example from 150 to 650 mg KOH / g.

[0148] Suitable detergents include oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, and other oil-soluble carboxylates of metals, especially alkali metals (Group 1 metals, e.g., Li, Na, K, Rb) or alkaline earth metals (Group 2 metals, e.g., Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), especially sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium, e.g., Ca and / or Mg. Additionally, detergents may include hybrid detergents comprising any combination of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, or magnesium salts of sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, and naphthenates, or other oil-soluble carboxylates of Group 1 and / or Group 2 metals.

[0149] Preferably, the detergent additive useful in the present disclosure comprises a calcium and / or magnesium metal salt. The detergent may be a calcium and / or magnesium carboxylate (e.g., salicylate), a calcium and / or magnesium sulfonate, or a calcium and / or magnesium phenate detergent. More preferably, the detergent additive is selected from magnesium salicylate, calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate, magnesium phenate, calcium phenate, and hybrid detergents containing two, three, four, or more of such detergents, and / or combinations thereof. Metal-containing detergents may also include "hybrid" detergents formed with mixed surfactant systems containing phenate and / or sulfonate components, such as phenate / salicylate, sulfonate / phenate, sulfonate / salicylate, sulfonate / phenate / salicylate, as described, for example, in U.S. Patents 6,429,178, 6,429,179, 6,153,565, and 6,281,179. For example, when a hybrid sulfonate / phenate detergent is used, the hybrid detergent would be considered to be the same amount as a separate phenate detergent and sulfonate detergent that introduces similar amounts of phenate soap and sulfonate soap, respectively.

[0150] The overbased metal-containing detergent may be a sodium, calcium, magnesium salt of phenates, sulfur-containing phenates, sulfonates, salixarates, and salicylates, or a mixture thereof. The overbased phenates and salicylates salts typically have a total base number of 180 to 650 mg KOH / g, for example 200 to 450 TBN mg KOH / g. The overbased sulfonates typically have a total base number of 250 to 600 mg KOH / g, or 300 to 500 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the sulfonate detergent may be a primarily linear alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonate detergent having a metal ratio of at least 8, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 065045 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 7,407,919), paragraphs

[0026] to

[0037] . The overbased detergent may be present at 0% to 15%, or 0.1% to 10%, or 0.2% to 8%, or 0.2% to 3%, by weight of the lubricating composition. For example, in a heavy duty diesel engine, the detergent may be present at 2% to 3% by weight of the lubricating composition. For passenger car engines, the detergent may be present at 0.2% to 1% by weight of the lubricating composition.

[0151] The detergent additive may comprise one or more magnesium sulfonate detergents. The magnesium detergent may be a neutral salt or an overbased salt. Suitably, the magnesium detergent is an overbased magnesium sulfonate having a TBN of 80 to 650 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), for example 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, for example 240 to 450 mg KOH / g. Alternatively, the detergent additive is magnesium salicylate. Suitably the magnesium detergent is a magnesium salicylate having a TBN of 30 to 650 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), such as 50 to 500 mg KOH / g, for example 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, for example 240 to 450 mg KOH / g, or alternatively 150 mg KOH / g or less, such as 100 mg KOH / g or less.

[0152] Alternatively, the detergent additive is a combination of magnesium salicylate and magnesium sulfonate. The magnesium detergent provides the lubricating composition with 200 to 4000 ppm of magnesium atoms, preferably 200 to 2000 ppm, 300 to 1500 ppm, or 450 to 1200 ppm of magnesium atoms (ASTM D5185). The detergent composition may comprise (or consist of) a combination of one or more magnesium sulfonate detergents and one or more calcium salicylate detergents. The combination of one or more magnesium sulfonate detergents and one or more calcium salicylate detergents provides the lubricating composition with 1) 200 to 4000 ppm of magnesium atoms, suitably 200 to 2000 ppm, 300 to 1500 ppm, or 450 to 1200 ppm of magnesium atoms (ASTM D5185), and 2) at least 500 ppm, preferably at least 750 ppm, more preferably at least 900 ppm of atomic calcium, for example 500 to 4000 ppm, preferably 750 to 3000 ppm, more preferably 900 to 2000 ppm of atomic calcium (ASTM D5185). The detergent may include one or more calcium detergents, such as a calcium carboxylate (eg, salicylate), calcium sulfonate, or calcium phenate detergent.

[0153] Suitably the calcium detergent has a TBN of 30 to 700 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), such as 50 to 650 mg KOH / g, for example 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, such as 240 to 450 mg KOH / g, or alternatively 150 mg KOH / g or less, such as 100 mg KOH / g or less, or 200 mg KOH / g or more, or 300 mg KOH / g or more, or 350 mg KOH / g or more. Suitably the calcium detergent is a calcium salicylate, calcium sulfonate or calcium phenate having a TBN of 30 to 700 mg KOH / g, 30 to 650 mg KOH / g (ASTM D2896), such as 50 to 650 mg KOH / g, for example 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, for example 240 to 450 mg KOH / g, or alternatively 150 mg KOH / g or less, such as 100 mg KOH / g or less, or 200 mg KOH / g or more, or 300 mg KOH / g or more, or 350 mg KOH / g or more. Calcium detergents are typically present in an amount sufficient to provide the lubricating oil composition with at least 500 ppm, preferably at least 750, more preferably at least 900 ppm of atomic calcium (ASTM D5185). If present, any calcium detergent is suitably present in an amount sufficient to provide the lubricating oil composition with no more than 4000 ppm, preferably no more than 3000 ppm, more preferably no more than 2000 ppm of atomic calcium (ASTM D5185). If present, any calcium detergent is suitably present in an amount sufficient to provide the lubricating oil composition with from 500 to 4000 ppm, preferably from 750 to 3000 ppm, more preferably from 900 to 2000 ppm of atomic calcium (ASTM D5185).

[0154] Suitably, the total amount of metal atoms derived from detergents in the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present disclosure is 5000 ppm or less, preferably 4000 ppm or less, more preferably 2000 ppm or less (ASTM D5185). The total amount of metal atoms derived from detergents in the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present disclosure is suitably at least 500 ppm, preferably at least 800 ppm, more preferably at least 1000 ppm (ASTM D5185). The total amount of metal atoms derived from detergents in the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present disclosure is suitably 500 to 5000 ppm, preferably 500 to 3000 ppm, more preferably 500 to 2000 ppm (ASTM D5185). Sulfonate detergents can typically be prepared from sulfonic acids obtained by sulfonation of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, such as those obtained from petroleum fractionation or by alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples include those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl, or their halogen derivatives, such as chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, and chloronaphthalene. The alkylation can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst using an alkylating agent having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms. Alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about 9 to about 80 or more carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms, per alkyl-substituted aromatic moiety. The oil-soluble sulfonates or alkaryl sulfonic acids can be neutralized with oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, carboxylates, sulfides, hydrosulfides, nitrates, borates, and ethers of the metal. The amount of metal compound is selected having regard to the desired TBN of the final product, but is typically in the range of about 100-220% by weight (preferably at least 125% by weight) of the amount stoichiometrically required.

[0155] Metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols are prepared by reaction with the appropriate metal compounds, e.g., oxides or hydroxides, and neutral and / or overbased products can be obtained by methods well known in the art. Sulfurized phenols can be prepared by reacting phenols with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds, e.g., hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalides, or sulfur dihalides, to form a product that is generally a mixture of compounds in which two or more phenols are bridged by a sulfur-containing bridge. Carboxylate detergents, such as salicylates, are prepared by reacting aromatic carboxylic acids (e.g., C5 to 100 , C9~ 30 , C 14 ~ 24 , C 12 ~ 20 The aromatic carboxylic acids can be prepared by reacting an alkyl substituted hydroxybenzoic acid (alkyl substituted hydroxybenzoic acid) with a suitable metal compound, such as an oxide or hydroxide, and neutral and / or overbased products can be obtained by methods well known in the art. The aromatic moiety of the aromatic carboxylic acid may contain heteroatoms, such as nitrogen and oxygen. Preferably, the moiety contains only carbon atoms, more preferably, the moiety contains 6 or more carbon atoms. For example, a preferred moiety is benzene. The aromatic carboxylic acid may contain one or more aromatic moieties, such as one or more benzene rings, either fused or connected via alkylene bridges.

[0156] Preferred substituents for oil-soluble salicylic acids are alkyl substituents. In alkyl-substituted salicylic acids, the alkyl group advantageously contains from 5 to 100, preferably from 9 to 30, particularly from 14 to 20, and especially from 12 to 20 carbon atoms. When more than one alkyl group is present, the average number of carbon atoms of all of the alkyl groups is preferably at least 9 to ensure adequate oil solubility. In an embodiment, the ratio of atomic detergent metal to atomic molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition may be less than 3:1, such as less than 2:1. Additionally, metal organic and inorganic base salts used as detergents can contribute to the sulfated ash content of the lubricating oil composition, and therefore, in embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of such additives is minimized. To maintain low sulfur levels, salicylate detergents can be used, and the lubricating compositions herein may include one or more salicylate detergents, preferably used in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 20.0 mass %, more preferably from 1.0 to 10.0 mass %, and most preferably from 2.0 to 5.0 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition.

[0157] The total sulfated ash content of the lubricating compositions herein, as determined by ASTM D874, is typically at a level of 2.0 mass% or less, alternatively 1.0 mass% or less, alternatively 0.8 mass% or less, based on the total mass of the lubricating composition. Further, each of the detergents usefully independently has a TBN (total base number) value in the range of 10 to 700 mg KOH / g, 10 to 500 mg KOH / g, alternatively in the range of 100 to 650 mg KOH / g, alternatively in the range of 10 to 500 mg KOH / g, alternatively in the range of 30 to 350 mg KOH / g, alternatively in the range of 50 to 300 mg KOH / g, as measured by ISO 3771. The sulfonate detergent (e.g., Ca and / or Mg sulfonate detergent) may be present in an amount to deliver from 0% to 2%, or from 0.1 to 1.5%, or from 0.2% to 1%, e.g., from 0.1% to 1.5%, or from 0.15 to 1.2%, or from 0.2% to 0.9% by weight of sulfonate soap to the lubricant composition.

[0158] The salicylate detergent (e.g., Ca and / or Mg salicylate detergent) may be present in an amount to deliver from 0.2% to 2.5%, or from 0.3% to 2.0%, or from 0.3% to 1.8%, e.g., from 0.3% to 1.4%, or from 0.35% to 1.2%, or from 0.4% to 1.0%, by weight of salicylate soap to the lubricant composition. The sulfonate soap may be present in an amount from 0.2% to 0.8% by weight of the lubricant composition and the salicylate soap may be present in an amount from 0.2% to 1.5%, such as from 0.3% to 1.0% by weight of the lubricant composition. The sum of all alkaline earth metal detergent soaps may be present in an amount from 0.4% to 2.3%, or from 0.5% to 2.0%, such as from 0.6% to 2.1%, or from 0.7% to 1.4%, by weight of the lubricant composition.

[0159] Typically, lubricating compositions formulated for use in heavy duty diesel engines contain from about 0.1 to about 10 mass %, alternatively from about 0.5 to about 7.5 mass %, alternatively from about 1 to about 6.5 mass %, of a detergent, based on the lubricating composition. Typically, lubricating compositions formulated for use in passenger vehicle engines contain from about 0.1 to about 10 mass %, alternatively from about 0.5 to about 7.5 mass %, alternatively from about 1 to about 6.5 mass %, of the detergent, based on the lubricating composition. Typically, lubricating compositions formulated for use in a drivetrain (e.g., a transmission) contain from about 0.1 to about 10 mass %, alternatively from about 0.5 to about 7.5 mass %, alternatively from about 2 to about 6.5 mass %, of a detergent, based on the lubricating composition. Optionally, phenate detergent is substantially absent or absent in the lubricating oil composition.

[0160] D. Friction modifiers Friction modifiers are any one or more substances that can change the coefficient of friction of a surface lubricated by any lubricant or fluid containing such substances.Friction modifiers, also known as friction reducers or lubricity agents or oily agents, and other such agents that change the ability of base oils, formulated lubricant compositions, or functional fluids to adjust the coefficient of friction of lubricated surfaces, can be effectively used in combination with the base oils or lubricant compositions of the present disclosure, as needed.Friction modifiers that reduce the coefficient of friction are particularly advantageous when combined with the base oils and lubricant compositions of the present disclosure. Exemplary friction modifiers may include, for example, organometallic compounds or materials or mixtures thereof. Exemplary organometallic friction modifiers useful in the lubricating oil formulations of the present disclosure may include, for example, tungsten and / or molybdenum compounds, such as molybdenum amines, molybdenum diamines, organotungstenates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum amine complexes, and molybdenum carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of useful molybdenum-containing compounds may conveniently include molybdenum dithiocarbamates, such as the trinuclear molybdenum compounds described in WO 98 / 26030, sulfides of molybdenum, and molybdenum dithiophosphates.

[0161] Other known friction modifiers include oil-soluble organomolybdenum compounds. Such organomolybdenum friction modifiers can also provide antioxidant and antiwear credits to lubricating oil compositions. Examples of such oil-soluble organomolybdenum compounds include dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates, sulfides, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum alkylxanthates, and molybdenum alkylthioxanthates. Additionally, the molybdenum compound may be an acidic molybdenum compound. Such compounds react with basic nitrogen compounds and are typically hexavalent as measured by ASTM test D664 or D2896 titration procedures. Molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, and other alkali metal molybdates and other molybdenum salts, such as sodium hydrogen molybdate, MoOC l4 , MoO2Br2, Mo2O3C l6 , molybdenum trioxide, or similar acidic molybdenum compounds.

[0162] Molybdenum compounds useful in the compositions of the present disclosure include organomolybdenum compounds of the formula Mo(R"OCS2)4 and Mo(R"SCS2)4, where R" is an organic radical generally selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and alkoxyalkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and most preferably alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the dialkyldithiocarbamates of molybdenum. Another group of organo-molybdenum compounds useful in the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are trinuclear molybdenum compounds, particularly those of the formula MoS k L n Q z and mixtures thereof, where L is an independently selected ligand having an organic group having a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in oil, n is 1-4, k ranges from 4-7, Q is selected from the group of neutral electron donor compounds, e.g., water, amines, alcohols, phosphines, and ethers, and z ranges from 0-5, including non-stoichiometric values. There should be at least 21 carbon atoms in all ligands / organic groups, e.g., at least 25, at least 30, or at least 35 carbon atoms. Lubricating oil compositions useful in all aspects of the present disclosure preferably contain at least 10 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, more preferably at least 50 ppm molybdenum. Suitably, lubricating oil compositions useful in all aspects of the present disclosure contain no more than 1000 ppm, no more than 750 ppm, or no more than 500 ppm molybdenum. Lubricating oil compositions useful in all aspects of the present disclosure preferably contain from 10 to 1000 ppm, for example from 30 to 750 ppm, or from 40 to 500 ppm molybdenum (measured as molybdenum atoms). For further information regarding useful friction modifiers containing Mo, see US Pat. No. 10,829,712 (column 8, line 58 to column 11, line 31).

[0163] Ashless friction modifiers may be present in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure, and ashless friction modifiers are generally known and include esters formed by reacting carboxylic acids and anhydrides with alkanols and amine-based friction modifiers. Other useful friction modifiers generally include polar end groups (e.g., carboxyl or hydroxyl) covalently attached to an oleophilic hydrocarbon chain. Esters of carboxylic acids and anhydrides with alkanols are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,850. Examples of other conventional organic friction modifiers are described in M. Belzer, Journal of Tribology (1992), Vol. 114, pp. 675-682, and M. Belzer and S. Jahanmir, Lubrication Science (1988), Vol. 1, pp. 3-26. Typically, the total amount of organic ashless friction modifiers in the lubricant according to the present disclosure does not exceed 5 mass %, preferably does not exceed 2 mass %, and more preferably does not exceed 0.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

[0164] Exemplary friction modifiers useful in the lubricating compositions described herein include, for example, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, alkanolamides, polyol fatty acid esters, borated glycerol fatty acid esters, fatty alcohol ethers, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary alkoxylated fatty acid esters include, for example, polyoxyethylene stearates and fatty acid polyglycol esters, such as polyoxypropylene stearate, polyoxybutylene stearate, polyoxyethylene isostearate, polyoxypropylene isostearate, and polyoxyethylene palmitate. Exemplary alkanolamides include, for example, lauric acid diethylalkanolamide and palmic acid diethylalkanolamide, etc. These may include oleic acid diethylalkanolamide, stearic acid diethylalkanolamide, oleic acid diethylalkanolamide, polyethoxylated hydrocarbyl amides, and polypropoxylated hydrocarbyl amides, etc.

[0165] Exemplary polyol fatty acid esters include, for example, glycerol monooleate, saturated mono-, di-, and triglyceride esters, glycerol monostearate, etc. These can include polyol esters and hydroxyl-containing polyol esters, etc. Exemplary borated glycerol fatty acid esters include, for example, borated glycerol monooleate, borated saturated mono-, di-, and triglyceride esters, and borated glycerol monostearate. In addition to glycerol polyols, these can include trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and sorbitan. These esters can be polyol monocarboxylic acid esters, polyol dicarboxylic acid esters, and in some cases polyol tricarboxylic acid esters. Preferred can be glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate, glycerol trioleate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol distearate, and glycerol tristearate, as well as the corresponding glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol dipalmitate, and glycerol tripalmitate, as well as the respective isostearate and linoleate. Useful herein are, in particular, ethoxylated, propoxylated, and / or butoxylated fatty acid esters of polyols, where glycerol is used as the base polyol.

[0166] Exemplary fatty alcohol ethers include, for example, stearyl ether and myristyl ether.50 Alcohols, including those having carbon numbers of 1 to 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 5 11 ~C 13 Hydrocarbons, oleyl, isosteryl, and the like. Useful concentrations of friction modifiers may range from 0.01% to 5% by weight, or from about 001% to about 2.5% by weight, or from about 0.05% to about 1.5% by weight, or from about 0.051% to about 1% by weight. Concentrations of molybdenum-containing materials are often described in terms of Mo metal concentration. Advantageous concentrations of Mo may range from 25 ppm to 700 ppm or higher, with the preferred range often being 50 to 200 ppm. Friction modifiers of any type may be used alone or in admixture with the materials of the present disclosure. In many cases, mixtures of two or more friction modifiers, or mixtures of friction modifiers with alternative surface active materials, are also desirable. For example, combinations of Mo-containing compounds with polyol fatty acid esters, such as glycerol monooleate, are useful herein.

[0167] According to yet a further embodiment of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a friction coefficient, determined by HFRR (as described in the Experimental Section below), of 0.13 or less, such as 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, such as 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, such as 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, such as 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, for example 0.045 or less. According to yet a further aspect of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil composition described herein may comprise glycerol monooleate and an optional molybdenum compound and may have a coefficient of friction, as determined by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below), of 0.13 or less, such as 0.12 or less, such as 0.11 or less, for example 0.10 or less, such as 0.09 or less, for example 0.08 or less, such as 0.07 or less, for example 0.06 or less, such as 0.05 or less, for example 0.045 or less. According to yet a further aspect of the disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may include glycerol monooleate and an optional molybdenum compound, and may have a coefficient of friction, as determined by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below), that is at least 10% lower, alternatively at least 20% lower, alternatively at least 30% lower, alternatively at least 40% lower, alternatively at least 50% lower, alternatively at least 60% lower than the coefficient of friction of the same oil prepared and tested under the same conditions except that the friction modifier is absent (the base oil can be increased to make up 100% by weight).

[0168] According to yet further aspects of the disclosure, the lubricating oil compositions described herein may have a coefficient of friction, as determined by HFRR (as described in the Experimental section below), that is at least 10% lower, alternatively at least 20% lower, alternatively at least 30% lower, alternatively at least 40% lower, alternatively at least 50% lower, alternatively at least 60% lower than the coefficient of friction of the same oil prepared and tested under the same conditions except in the absence of the friction modifier (which can be increased to make up 100% by weight).

[0169] E. Antioxidants Antioxidants retard the oxidative deterioration of base oils during service. Such deterioration can result in deposits on metal surfaces, the presence of sludge, and increased viscosity of the lubricant. A wide variety of oxidation inhibitors are useful in lubricating oil compositions. See, for example, Lubricants and Related Products, Klamann, Wiley VCH, 1984; U.S. Patent Nos. 4,798,684 and 5,084,197. Useful antioxidants include hindered phenols. Such phenolic antioxidants may be ashless (metal-free) phenolic compounds or neutral or basic metal salts of certain phenolic compounds. Typical phenolic antioxidant compounds are hindered phenolic materials that contain sterically hindered hydroxyl groups, including derivatives of dihydroxyaryl compounds in which the hydroxyl groups are in the o- or p-position relative to each other. Typical phenolic antioxidants include C 6+ These include alkyl-substituted hindered phenols and alkylene-coupled derivatives of such hindered phenols. Examples of this type of phenolic material include 2-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol, 2-t-butyl-4-octylphenol, 2-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol, 2-methyl-6-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol, and 2-methyl-6-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol. Other useful hindered monophenolic antioxidants can include, for example, hindered 2,6-di-alkyl-phenolic propionate derivatives. Bis-phenolic antioxidants can also be used advantageously herein. Examples of ortho-coupled phenols include 2,2'-bis(4-heptyl-6-t-butyl-phenol), 2,2'-bis(4-octyl-6-t-butyl-phenol), and 2,2'-bis(4-dodecyl-6-t-butyl-phenol). Examples of para-coupled bisphenols include 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol) and 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol).

[0170] Also, an effective amount of one or more catalytic antioxidants can be used. The catalytic antioxidant comprises an effective amount of a) one or more oil-soluble polymetal organic compounds, and an effective amount of b) one or more substituted N,N'-diaryl-o-phenylenediamine compounds, or c) one or more hindered phenol compounds, or a combination of both b) and c). Catalytic antioxidants useful herein are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 8,048,833. Non-phenolic oxidation inhibitors that can be used include aromatic amine antioxidants, which can be used either on their own or in combination with phenolic materials. Typical examples of non-phenolic antioxidants include alkylated and non-alkylated aromatic amines, such as those of the formula R8R9R 10 N aromatic monoamines, in which R8 is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a substituted aromatic group; R9 is an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; and R 10 is H, alkyl, aryl, or R 11 S(O)XR 12 where R 11 is an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, or an aralkylene group; R 12 is an alkyl group, or an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or an alkaryl group, and x is 0, 1, or 2. The aliphatic group R8 may contain from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and preferably contains from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The aliphatic group is typically a saturated aliphatic group. Preferably, R8 and R9 are both aromatic or substituted aromatic groups, and the aromatic group may be a fused ring aromatic group, such as naphthyl. The aromatic groups R8 and R9 may be combined with other groups, such as S.

[0171] Typical aromatic amine antioxidants have an alkyl substituent of at least about 6 carbon atoms. Examples of aliphatic groups include hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. In general, the aliphatic groups will not contain more than about 14 carbon atoms. Common types of amine antioxidants useful in the present compositions include diphenylamines, phenylnaphthylamines, phenothiazines, imidodibenzyls, and diphenylphenylenediamines. Mixtures of two or more aromatic amines are also useful. Polymeric amine antioxidants can also be used. Specific examples of aromatic amine antioxidants useful in the present disclosure include p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, t-octylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, and p-octylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.

[0172] Sulfur-containing antioxidants are also useful herein. In particular, one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible sulfur-containing antioxidants can be used as antioxidant additives. For example, sulfurized alkylphenols and their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts are also useful antioxidants herein. Suitably, the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain one or more sulfur-containing antioxidants in an amount to provide the lubricating oil composition with 0.02 to 0.2, preferably 0.02 to 0.15, even more preferably 0.02 to 0.1, and even more preferably 0.04 to 0.1 mass % sulfur, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. Optionally, the oil-soluble or oil-dispersible sulfur-containing antioxidant is a sulfurized C4-C 25 Olefins, sulfurized aliphatic (C7-C 29 ) hydrocarbyl fatty acid esters, ashless sulfurized phenolic antioxidants, sulfur-containing organomolybdenum compounds, and combinations thereof. For further information regarding sulfurized materials useful as antioxidants herein, see U.S. Pat. No. 10,731,101 (column 15, line 55 to column 22, line 12).

[0173] Antioxidants useful herein include hindered phenols and / or arylamines. These antioxidants can be used individually by type or in combination with each other. Typical antioxidants include Irganox™ L67, Ethanox™ 4702, Lanxess Additin™ RC7110; Ethanox™ 4782J; Irganox™ 1135, Irganox™ 5057, sulfurized lard oil, and palm oil fatty acid methyl esters. The antioxidant additive may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 (alternatively about 0.01 to 5, alternatively 0.01 to 3) mass %, alternatively 0.03 to 5 mass %, alternatively 0.05 to less than 3 mass %, based on the weight of the lubricating composition. Compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having various stated functions that also have a secondary effect as antioxidants (e.g., phosphorus-containing antiwear agents (e.g., ZDDP) can also exhibit antioxidant effects), and such additives are not included as antioxidants herein for purposes of determining the amount of antioxidant in a lubricating oil composition or concentrate.

[0174] F. Pour Point Depressants Conventional pour point depressants (also known as lubricant flow improvers) can be added to the compositions of the present disclosure as needed. Such pour point depressants can be added to the lubricant compositions of the present disclosure to lower the minimum temperature at which the fluid will flow or can be poured. Examples of suitable pour point depressants include polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds, vinyl carboxylate polymers, and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids, and allyl vinyl ethers. Useful pour point depressants and / or their preparations are described in U.S. Patents 1,815,022, 2,015,748, 2,191,498, 2,387,501, 2,655,479, 2,666,746, 2,721,877, 2,721,878, and 3,250,715. Such additives can be used in amounts of about 0.01 to 5 mass %, preferably about 0.01 to 1.5 mass %, based on the mass of the lubricating composition.

[0175] G. Defoaming Agent Advantageously, antifoaming agents can be added to the lubricant compositions described herein. Such agents prevent or delay the formation of stable foam. Silicones and / or organic polymers are typical antifoaming agents. For example, polysiloxanes, such as silicon oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, provide antifoaming properties. Antifoaming agents are commercially available and can be used in small amounts, for example, 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, for example, 5% by mass to 0.1 ppm, for example, 3% by mass to 0.5 ppm, for example, 1% by mass to 10 ppm. For example, the lubricating oil composition may include an antifoam agent comprising a polyalkylsiloxane, such as a polydialkylsiloxane, where the alkyl is, for example, C1 to C 10 Antifoaming agents that are alkyl groups may also be included, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), also known as silicone oil. Alternatively, the siloxane may be poly(R 3 ) siloxane, R3 is one or more of the same or different linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbyl, such as alkyl or aryl, typically having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. For example, the lubricating oil composition may include a polymeric siloxane compound according to Formula 1 below, where R 1 and R 2 is independently methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, or decyl, phenyl, naphthyl, alkyl substituted phenyl, or an isomer thereof (e.g., methyl, phenyl), and n is 2 to 1000, for example, 50 to 450, alternatively, for example, 40 to 100.

[0176] Additionally or alternatively, the lubricating oil composition may comprise an organically modified siloxane (OMS), e.g., a siloxane having an organic group such as a polyether (e.g., ethylene-propylene oxide copolymer), a long chain hydrocarbyl (e.g., C 11 ~C 100 alkyl), or aryl (e.g., C6-C 14 For example, the lubricating oil composition may include an organically modified siloxane compound according to formula 1, where n is 2 to 2000, such as 50 to 450 (alternatively, for example, 40 to 100), and R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, and optionally, R 1 and R 2 Each of the groups may independently be an organic group, such as a polyether (e.g., ethylene-propylene oxide copolymer), a long chain hydrocarbyl (e.g., C 11 ~C 100 alkyl), or aryl (e.g., C6-C 14 aryl). Preferably, R 1 and R 2 One of them is CH3. [ka]

[0177] Based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, siloxanes according to Formula 1 are incorporated to provide from about 0.1 to less than about 30 ppm Si, or from about 0.1 to about 25 ppm Si, or from about 0.1 to about 20 ppm Si, or from about 0.1 to about 15 ppm Si, or from about 0.1 to about 10 ppm Si, more preferably in the range of from about 3 to 10 ppm Si.

[0178] In embodiments, silicone antifoam agents useful herein are available from Dow Corning Corporation and Union Carbide Corporation, such as Dow Corning FS-1265 (1000 centistokes), Dow Corning DC-200, and Union Carbide UC-L45. Silicone antifoam agents useful herein include polydimethylsiloxanes, phenyl-methylpolysiloxanes, linear, cyclic, or branched siloxanes, silicone polymers and copolymers, and / or organosilicone copolymers. Also, siloxane polyether copolymer antifoam agents available from OSI Specialties, Inc., Farmington Hills, Michigan, may be substituted or included. One such material is sold as SILWET-L-7220. Acrylate polymeric defoamers may also be used herein. Exemplary acrylate defoamers include the polyacrylate defoamer known as PC-1244 available from Monsanto Polymer Products Co. A preferred acrylate polymeric defoamer useful herein is PX™ 3841 (i.e., an alkyl acrylate polymer) available from Dorf Ketl, also known as Mobilad™ C402. In embodiments, a combination of silicone antifoam and acrylate antifoam can be used, for example, in a weight ratio of silicone antifoam to acrylate antifoam of about 5:1 to about 1:5. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021 / 0189283.

[0179] H. Viscosity modifier Viscosity modifiers (also called viscosity index improvers or viscosity improvers) can be included in the lubricating compositions described herein. Viscosity modifiers provide high and low temperature operability to the lubricant. Such additives impart shear stability at high temperatures and acceptable viscosity at low temperatures. Suitable viscosity modifiers include high molecular weight hydrocarbons, polyesters, and viscosity modifying dispersants that can function as both viscosity modifiers and dispersants. Typical molecular weights of such polymers are about 10,000 to 1,500,000 g / mol, more typically about 20,000 to 1,200,000 g / mol, and even more typically about 50,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol. Examples of suitable viscosity modifiers are linear or star polymers and copolymers of methacrylates, butadienes, olefins, or alkylated styrenes. Polyisobutylene is a commonly used viscosity modifier. Another suitable viscosity modifier is polymethacrylate (e.g., copolymers of alkyl methacrylates of various chain lengths), some formulations of which also act as pour point depressants. Other suitable viscosity modifiers include copolymers of ethylene and propylene, hydrogenated block copolymers of styrene and isoprene, and polyacrylates (e.g., copolymers of acrylates of various chain lengths). Specific examples include styrene-isoprene or styrene-butadiene based polymers with molecular weights of 50,000 to 200,000 g / mol.

[0180] Copolymers useful as viscosity modifiers include those available from Chevron Oronite Company LLC under the tradename "PARATONE™" (e.g., PARATONE™ 8921, PARATONE™ 68231, PARATONE™ 24EX, and PARATONE™ 8941); those available from Afton Chemical Corporation under the tradename "HiTEC™" (e.g., HiTEC™ 5850B and HiTEC™ 5777); and those available from The Lubrizol Corporation under the tradenames "Lubrizol™ 7067C" and "Lubrizol™ 7077D". Hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymers useful herein as viscosity modifiers include those available from Infineum International Limited under the tradenames, for example, "SV203™", "SV200™", and "SV600™". Hydrogenated diene-styrene block copolymers useful as viscosity modifiers herein are commercially available from Infineum International Limited, for example under the trade designation "SV50™".

[0181] Polymers useful herein as viscosity modifiers include polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers, such as linear polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers, such as those available from Evnoik Industries under the trade name "Viscoplex™" (e.g., Viscoplex™ 6-954), or star polymers available from Lubrizol Corporation under the trade name Asteric™ (e.g., Lubrizol™ 87708 and Lubrizol™ 87725).

[0182] The vinyl aromatic-containing polymers useful herein as viscosity modifiers can be derived from vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomers, such as styrenic monomers, such as styrene. Exemplary vinyl aromatic-containing copolymers useful herein can be represented by the following general formula: AB, where A is a polymeric block derived primarily from vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomers (e.g., styrene), and B is a polymeric block derived primarily from conjugated diene monomers (e.g., isoprene). Vinyl aromatic-containing polymers useful as viscosity modifiers may have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 20 cSt or less, such as 15 cSt or less, such as 12 cSt or less, but may be diluted (e.g., with Group I, II, and / or III base stocks) to higher kinematic viscosities at 100° C., such as 40 cSt or more, such as 100 cSt or more, such as 1000 cSt or more, e.g., 1000-2000 cSt. Typically, the viscosity modifier can be used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 10 mass %, such as about 0.1 to about 7 mass %, for example, 0.1 to about 4 mass %, for example, about 0.2 to about 2 mass %, for example, about 0.2 to about 1 mass %, for example, about 0.2 to about 0.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the formulated lubricant composition.

[0183] Viscosity modifiers are typically added as concentrates to large amounts of diluent oil. An "as delivered" viscosity modifier typically contains 20% to 75% by weight active polymer in the case of polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers, or 8% to 20% by weight active polymer in the case of olefin copolymers, hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymers, or hydrogenated diene-styrene block copolymers, in the "as delivered" polymer concentrate.

[0184] I. Dispersants During engine operation, oil-insoluble oxidation by-products are produced. Dispersants help keep these by-products in solution, thus reducing by-product deposition on metal surfaces. The dispersants used in formulating the lubricating compositions herein may be ashless or ash-forming in nature. Preferably, the dispersants are ashless. So-called ashless dispersants are organic materials that do not substantially form ash upon combustion. For example, non-metal-containing dispersants or borated metal-free dispersants are considered ashless. In contrast, metal-containing detergents tend to form ash upon combustion. Dispersants useful herein typically comprise a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain. The polar group typically comprises at least one element of nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus. A typical hydrocarbon chain comprises 40 to 500, e.g., 50 to 400, carbon atoms. When used in the context of a functionalized polymer acting as a dispersant, the molecular weight is typically reported with reference to the base polymer prior to modification. For example, PIBSA-PAM dispersant molecular weight is typically reported with respect to the base polymer prior to functionalization with an acylating agent (maleic acid or maleic anhydride) and a functional group (e.g., a polyamine). Thus, in this specification, the dispersant molecular weight is assigned the molecular weight of the base polymer from which the dispersant is derived.

[0185] Dispersants of (poly)alkenyl succinic acid derivatives A particularly useful class of dispersants includes (poly)alkenyl succinic acid derivatives, typically produced by the reaction of a long-chain hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid compound, usually a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride, with a polyhydroxy or polyamino compound. The long-chain hydrocarbyl group, which constitutes the lipophilic portion of the molecule that confers solubility in oil, is often a polyisobutylene group (typically, the long-chain hydrocarbyl group, e.g., the polyisobutylene group, has an Mn of 400-3000 g / mol, e.g., 450-2500 g / mol). Many examples of this type of dispersant are known commercially and in the literature. Examples of U.S. patents in which such dispersants are described include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,172,892, 3,2145,707, 3,219,666, 3,316,177, 3,341,542, 3,444,170, 3,454,607, 3,541,012, 3,630,904, 3,632,511, 3,787,374, and 4,234,435. Other types of dispersants are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,036,003, 3,200,107, 3,254,025, 3,275,554, 3,438,757, 3,454,555, 3,565,804, 3,413,347, 3,697,574, 3,725,277, 3,7 Dispersants useful herein are described in, for example, European Patent Applications Nos. 25,480, 3,726,882, 4,454,059, 3,329,658, 3,449,250, 3,519,565, 3,666,730, 3,687,849, 3,702,300, 4,100,082, and 5,705,458. Further descriptions of dispersants useful herein can be found, for example, in European Patent Applications Nos. 0 471 071 and 0 451 380, which documents are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0186] Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid and hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride derivatives are useful dispersants. In particular, succinimides, succinic esters, or succinic ester amides prepared by reacting a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid or anhydride compound (typically having at least 25 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon substituent, e.g., 28 to 400 carbon atoms) with at least one equivalent of a polyhydroxy or polyamino compound (e.g., an alkylene amine) are particularly useful herein. The hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid and hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride derivatives may have a number average molecular weight of at least 400 g / mol, such as at least 900 g / mol, e.g., at least 1500 g / mol, e.g., 400 to 4000 g / mol, e.g., 800 to 3000 g / mol, e.g., 2000 to 2800 g / mol, e.g., about 2100 to 2500 g / mol, e.g., about 2200 to about 2400 g / mol.

[0187] Succinimides that are particularly useful herein are formed by the condensation reaction of 1) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride (e.g., an acylated polymer backbone), such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA), with 2) a polyamine (PAM). Examples of suitable polyamines include polyhydrocarbyl polyamines, polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines, polyoxyalkylene polyamines, and combinations thereof. Examples of polyamines include tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA), pentaethylene hexamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (ADPA), and other polyamines having an average of 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 nitrogens per molecule. Mixtures having an average number of nitrogen atoms greater than seven per polyamine molecule are commonly referred to as heavy polyamines or H-PAMs and may be commercially available under trade names such as HPA™ and HPA-X™ from Dow Chemical and E-100™ from Huntsman Chemical. Examples of hydroxy-substituted polyamines include N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylenediamines of the type described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,009. Examples of polyoxyalkylene polyamines include polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene diamines and triamines (and their co-oligomers) having an average Mn of about 200 to about 5000 g / mol. Products of this type are commercially available under the trade name Jeffmine™. Representative examples of useful succinimides are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,087,936, 3,172,892, 3,219,666, 3,272,746, 3,322,670, 3,652,616, 3,948,800, and 6,821,307, and Canadian Patent No. 1,094,044.

[0188] The dispersant may comprise one or more succinimides of higher molecular weight (Mn 1600 g / mol or more, for example 1800 to 3000 g / mol) which may be borated, and one or more succinimides of lower molecular weight (Mn less than 1600 g / mol) which may be borated, the higher molecular weight being 1600 to 3000 g / mol, for example 1700 to 2800 g / mol, for example 1800 to 2500 g / mol, for example 1850 to 2300 g / mol, and the lower molecular weight being less than 600 to 1600 g / mol, for example 650 to 1500 g / mol, for example 700 to 1400 g / mol, for example 800 to 1300 g / mol, for example 850 to 1200 g / mol, for example 900 to 1150 g / mol, for example 900 to 1000 g / mol. The higher molecular weight succinimide dispersants may be present in the lubricating composition at 0.1 to 12%, or 0.25 to 8%, or 0.5 to 5%, or 0.05 to 3%, for example 0.5 to 10%, or 0.8 to 6%, or 1.0 to 5%, or 1.5 to 5%, or 1.5 to 4.0%, by mass, and the lower molecular weight succinimide dispersants may be present in the lubricating composition at 1 to 10%, or 1.5 to 8%, or 1.8 to 6%, or 1.9 to 5.5%, for example 1 to 5%, or 1.5 to 4.8%, or 1.8 to 4.6%, or 1.9 to 4.6%, or 2% or more, for example 2 to 5% by mass. The lower molecular weight succinimide may differ from the higher molecular weight succinimide by 500 g / mol or more, for example 750 g / mol or more, for example 1000 g / mol or more, for example 1200 g / mol, for example 500 to 3000 g / mol, for example 750 to 2000 g / mol, for example 1000 to 1500 g / mol.

[0189] Succinic acid esters useful as dispersants include those formed by the condensation reaction of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides with alcohols or polyols. For example, the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride with pentaerythritol is a useful dispersant. The succinic acid ester amides useful herein are formed by the condensation reaction of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides with alkanolamines.Suitable alkanolamines include ethoxylated polyalkyl polyamines, propoxylated polyalkyl polyamines, and polyalkenyl polyamines, such as polyethylene polyamines, and / or propoxylated hexamethylene diamines.Representative examples are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,426,305. Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride (e.g., PIBSA) esters of hydrocarbyl-bridged aryloxy alcohols are also useful as dispersants herein. For information regarding such dispersants, see U.S. Pat. No. 7,485,603, particularly column 2, line 65 to column 6, line 22 and column 23, line 40 to column 26, line 46. In particular, PIBSA esters of methylene-bridged naphthyloxyethanols (i.e., 2-hydroxyethyl-1-naphthol ether (or hydroxy-terminated ethylene oxide oligomeric ethers of naphthol)) are useful herein. The molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides used in the preceding paragraph will typically be in the range of 350-4000 g / mol, such as 400-3000 g / mol, such as 450-2800 g / mol, such as 800-2500 g / mol. The (poly)alkenyl succinic acid derivatives described above may be post-reacted with various reagents, such as sulfur, oxygen, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids, such as oleic acid.

[0190] The dispersant may be present in the lubricant in an amount from 0.1% to 20% by mass of the composition, such as 0.2 to 15% by mass, such as 0.25 to 10% by mass, for example 0.3 to 5% by mass, such as 1.0% to 3.0% by mass of the lubricating oil composition. The above (poly)alkenyl succinic acid derivatives may also be post-reacted with a boron compound, such as boric acid, a borate ester, or a highly borated dispersant, to form a borated dispersant, generally having from about 0.1 to about 5 moles of boron per mole of dispersant reaction product. Dispersants useful herein include borated succinimides, including derivatives derived from monosuccinimides, bissuccinimides, and / or mixtures of monosuccinimides and bissuccinimides, where the hydrocarbyl succinimides are derived from hydrocarbylene groups, e.g., polyisobutylene having an Mn of from about 300 to about 5000 g / mol, or from about 500 to about 3000 g / mol, or from about 1000 to about 2000 g / mol, or mixtures of such hydrocarbylene groups often with higher terminal vinyl groups.

[0191] The boron-containing dispersant may be present at 0.01% to 20%, or 0.1% to 15%, or 0.1% to 10%, or 0.5% to 8%, or 1.0% to 6.5%, or 0.5% to 2.2% by weight of the lubricating composition. The boron-containing dispersant may be present in an amount to deliver from 15 ppm to 2000 ppm, or from 25 ppm to 1000 ppm, or from 40 ppm to 600 ppm, or from 80 ppm to 350 ppm of boron to the composition. Borated dispersants may be used in combination with non-borated dispersants and may be the same compound as the non-borated dispersants or may be different compounds. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition may include one or more boron-containing dispersants and one or more non-borated dispersants, the total amount of dispersants may be from 0.01% to 20%, or from 0.1% to 15%, or from 0.1% to 10%, or from 0.5% to 8%, or from 1.0% to 6.5%, or from 0.5% to 2.2%, by weight of the lubricating composition, and the ratio of borated dispersant to non-borated dispersant may be from 1:10 to 10:1 (weight:weight), or from 1:5 to 3:1, or from 1:3 to 2:1. The dispersant may comprise one or more borated or non-borated poly(alkenyl)succinimides ("PIBSA-PAM"), where the polyalkenyl is derived from polyisobutylene and the imide is derived from a polyamine.

[0192] The dispersant may comprise one or more PIBSA-PAMs, where the PIB is derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn of 600-5000, e.g. 700-4000, e.g. 800-3000, e.g. 900-2500 g / mol, and the polyamine is derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamines, e.g. tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (ADPA), and other polyamines having an average of 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 nitrogen atoms per molecule. The dispersant may be borated, typically at a level of up to 4% by weight, e.g. 1-3% by weight. The dispersant may comprise one or more borated PIBSA-PAMs and one or more non-borated PIBSA-PAMs. The dispersant may comprise one or more borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from PIB having a Mn of 700-1800 g / mol (e.g., 800-1500 g / mol) and one or more non-borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from PIB having a Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol (e.g., 2000-3000 g / mol). The dispersant may comprise one or more non-borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from PIB having a Mn of 700-1800 g / mol (e.g., 800-1500 g / mol) and one or more borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from PIB having a Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol (e.g., 2000-3000 g / mol).

[0193] The dispersant may comprise a PIBSA derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700-5000 g / mol (e.g., 800-3000 g / mol) and one or more borated or non-borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700-5000 g / mol.

[0194] The dispersant may comprise a PIBSA derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700-5000 g / mol (e.g., 800-3000 g / mol), one or more borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700-1800 g / mol (e.g., 800-1500 g / mol), and one or more non-borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having a Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol (e.g., 2000-3000 g / mol). The dispersant may comprise a PIBSA derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700-5000 g / mol (e.g., 800-3000 g / mol), one or more non-borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having a Mn of 700-1800 g / mol (e.g., 800-1500 g / mol), and one or more borated PIBSA-PAMs derived from a PIB having a Mn of greater than 1800 to 5000 g / mol (e.g., 2000-3000 g / mol).

[0195] The dispersant may comprise one or more borated or non-borated PIBSA-PAMs, and one or more PIBSA-esters of hydrocarbyl bridged aryloxy alcohols. The dispersant may comprise one or more borated PIBSA-PAMs and one or more non-borated PIBSA-PAMs. The dispersant may comprise one or more higher molecular weight (Mn 1600 g / mol or more, e.g., 1800 to 3000 g / mol) PIBSA-PAMs, which may be borated, and one or more lower molecular weight (Mn The PIBSA-PAM may have a molecular weight of 1600 to 3000 g / mol, such as 1700 to 2800 g / mol, for example 1800 to 2500 g / mol, for example 1850 to 2300 g / mol, and the lower molecular weight may be 600 to less than 1600 g / mol, such as 650 to 1500 g / mol, for example 700 to 1400 g / mol, for example 800 to 1300 g / mol, for example 850 to 1200 g / mol, for example 900 to 11500 g / mol, for example 900 to 100 g / mol. The higher molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants may be present in the lubricating composition at 0.1 to 12 mass%, or 0.25 to 8 mass%, or 0.5 to 5 mass%, or 0.05 to 3 mass%, for example 0.5 to 10 mass%, or 0.8 to 6 mass%, or 1.0 to 5 mass%, or 1.5 to 5 mass%, or 1.5 to 4.0 mass%, and the lower molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants may be present in the lubricating composition at 1 to 10 mass%, or 1.5 to 8 mass%, or 1.8 to 6 mass%, or 1.9 to 5.5 mass%, for example 1 to 5 mass%, or 1.5 to 4.8 mass%, or 1.8 to 4.6 mass%, or 1.9 to 4.6 mass%, or 2 mass% or more, for example 2 to 5 mass%.

[0196] Mannich base dispersants Mannich base dispersants useful herein are typically made from the reaction of an amine component, a hydroxyaromatic compound (substituted or unsubstituted, e.g., alkyl substituted), such as an alkylphenol, with an aldehyde, e.g., formaldehyde. See U.S. Patents 4,767,551 and 10,899,986. Processing aids and catalysts, e.g., oleic acid and sulfonic acids, may also be part of the reaction mixture. Representative examples are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,697,574, 3,703,536, 3,704,308, 3,751,365, 3,756,953, 3,798,165, 3,803,039, 4,231,759, 9,938,479, 7,491,248, and 10,899,986, and WO 01 / 42399.

[0197] Dispersing agent of polymethacrylate or polyacrylate derivative Polymethacrylate or polyacrylate derivatives are another type of dispersant useful herein. Such dispersants are typically prepared by reacting a nitrogen-containing monomer with a methacrylic or acrylic acid ester containing 5 to 25 carbon atoms in the ester group. Representative examples are shown in U.S. Patents 2,100,993 and 6,323,164. Polymethacrylate and polyacrylate dispersants are typically of lower molecular weight. The lubricating compositions of the present disclosure typically comprise from 0.1% to 20% by weight of the composition, such as from 0.2 to 15%, such as from 0.25 to 10%, such as from 0.3 to 5%, for example from 2.0% to 4.0% by weight of the lubricating oil composition of a dispersant. Alternatively, the dispersant may be present at from 0.1% to 5%, or from 0.01% to 4% by weight of the lubricating composition.

[0198] For further information regarding dispersants useful herein, see U.S. Pat. No. 10,829,712, column 13, line 36 to column 16, line 67, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,485,603, column 2, line 65 to column 6, line 22, column 8, line 25 to column 14, line 53, and column 23, line 40 to column 26, line 46. Compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having various stated functions that also have a secondary effect as dispersants (e.g., the Component B functionalized polymers described above can also exhibit dispersant effects), but such additives are not included as dispersants for purposes of determining the amount of dispersant in a lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein.

[0199] J. Corrosion Inhibitors / Rust Prevention Agents Corrosion inhibitors can be used to reduce the corrosion of metals and are often alternatively referred to as metal deactivators or metal passivators. Some corrosion inhibitors may alternatively be characterized as antioxidants. Suitable corrosion inhibitors may include nitrogen and / or sulfur containing heterocyclic compounds such as triazoles (e.g., benzotriazoles), substituted thiadiazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles, tetrazoles, hydroxyquinolines, oxazolines, imidazolines, thiophenes, indoles, indazoles, quinolines, benzoxazines, dithiols, oxazoles, oxatriazoles, pyridines, piperazines, triazines, and any one or more derivatives thereof. Particular corrosion inhibitors have the following structure: [ka] is a benzotriazole represented by the formula: In the formula, R 8 is C1-C which may be absent (hydrogen) or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated 20The corrosion inhibitor is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group. It may be alkyl or aromatic in nature and / or contain a ring structure containing heteroatoms such as N, O, or S. Examples of suitable compounds may include benzotriazole, alkyl-substituted benzotriazoles (e.g., tolyltriazole, ethylbenzotriazole, hexylbenzotriazole, octylbenzotriazole, etc.), aryl-substituted benzotriazoles, and alkylaryl or arylalkyl-substituted benzotriazoles, and the like, and combinations thereof. For example, the triazole may include or be benzotriazole, and / or alkylbenzotriazoles, where the alkyl group contains 1 to about 20 carbon atoms or 1 to about 8 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of such corrosion inhibitors include or may be benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, and / or optionally substituted benzotriazoles, such as Irgamet™ 30 and Irgamet™ 39, available from BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Preferred corrosion inhibitors include or may be benzotriazole and / or tolyltriazole.

[0200] Additionally or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor may have the structure: [ka]

[0033] The substituted thiadiazoles may include one or more substituted thiadiazoles represented by In the formula, R 15 and R 16are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, the hydrocarbon group may be aliphatic or aromatic, including cyclic, alicyclic, aralkyl, aryl, and alkaryl, and each w is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 (preferably 2, 3, or 4, e.g., 2). Such substituted thiadiazoles are derived from the 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) molecule. Many derivatives of DMTD have been described in the art, and any such compound may be included in the fluids used in the present disclosure. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,719,125, 2,719,126, and 3,087,937 describe the preparation of various 2,5-bis-(hydrocarbon dithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles.

[0201] Further, in addition or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor may be one or more other derivatives of DMTD, such as R 15 and R 16 The thioester-containing DMTD derivatives may include carboxylic acid esters in which R may be bonded to the sulfur atom of the sulfide through a carbonyl group. The preparation of such thioester-containing DMTD derivatives is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,760,933. DMTD derivatives produced by condensation of DMTD with alpha-halogenated aliphatic carboxylic acids having at least 10 carbon atoms are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,836,564. This process provides the compounds R 15 and R 16 HOOC-CH(R 19 )-(R 19 is a hydrocarbyl group. DMTD derivatives further prepared by amidation or esterification of such terminal carboxylic acid groups may also be useful.

[0202] The preparation of 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,663,561. A class of DMTD derivatives can include mixtures of 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2,5-bis-hydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole, such as those sold under the trade name HiTEC™ 4313 and available from Afton Chemical Company. In addition, or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor may be of the structure B(OR 46 )3, wherein each R 46 may be the same or different. Since it may be desirable for the borates to be compatible with the non-aqueous medium of the composition, each R 46 may in particular comprise or be a hydrocarbyl C1-C8 moiety. For example, in compositions in which the non-aqueous medium comprises or is a lubricating oil base stock, typically better compatibility can be achieved when the hydrocarbyl moieties are each at least C4. Thus, non-limiting examples of such corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, triethyl borate, tripropyl borate, such as triisopropyl borate, tributyl borate, such as tri-tert-butyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, trioctyl borate, such as tri-(2-ethylhexyl) borate, and monohexyl dibutyl borate, and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0203] If used, the corrosion inhibitor may include a substituted thiadiazole, a substituted benzotriazole, a substituted triazole, a trisubstituted borate, or a combination thereof. Optionally, corrosion inhibitors can be used in any effective amount, but when used, typically in an amount of about 0.001 to 5.0 mass %, such as 0.005 to 3.0 mass %, or 0.01 to 1.0 mass %, based on the mass of the composition. Alternatively, such additives can be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 5 mass %, preferably about 0.01 to 1.5 mass %, based on the mass of the lubricating composition. In some embodiments, the 3,4-oxypyridinone-containing composition can be substantially free (e.g., 0, or less than 0.001%, 0.0005% by weight or less, intentionally not added, and / or not present at all) of triazoles, benzotriazoles, substituted thiadiazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles, tetrazoles, hydroxyquinolines, oxazolines, imidazolines, thiophenes, indoles, indazoles, quinolines, benzoxazines, dithiols, oxazoles, oxatriazoles, pyridines, piperazines, triazines, derivatives thereof, combinations thereof, or any corrosion inhibitors. Compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having various stated functions that also have a secondary effect as corrosion inhibitors (e.g., the Component B functionalized polymers described above can also exhibit corrosion inhibitor effects), and such additives are not included as corrosion inhibitors for purposes of determining the amount of corrosion inhibitor in a lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein.

[0204] K. Anti-wear agent The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may include one or more antiwear agents that can reduce friction and excessive wear. Any antiwear agent known to those skilled in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable antiwear agents include zinc dithiophosphates, metal (e.g., Pb, Sb, and Mo, etc.) salts of dithiophosphates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb, and Mo, etc.) salts of dithiocarbamates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, and Sb, etc.) salts of fatty acids, boron compounds, phosphate esters, phosphites, amine salts of phosphate esters or thiophosphate esters, reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and thiophosphoric acid, and combinations thereof. The amount of antiwear agent may range from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0205] In embodiments, the antiwear agent is or includes a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt, such as a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound. The metal of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt may be an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, or aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, or copper. In some embodiments, the metal is zinc. In other embodiments, the alkyl group of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt has from about 3 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms, from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, or from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. In further embodiments, the alkyl group is linear or branched. Useful antiwear agents also include substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids and their salts include zinc-containing compounds, such as zinc dithiophosphate compounds selected from zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, zinc diaryldithiophosphates, and / or zinc alkylaryldithiophosphates.

[0206] Metal alkylthiophosphates and more specifically metal dialkyldithiophosphates or zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) where the metal component is zinc can be useful components of the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure. ZDDPs can be derived from primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, or mixtures thereof. ZDDP compounds are generally of the formula Zn[SP(S)(OR1)(OR2)]2, where R1 and R2 are C1-C 18 Alkyl groups, preferably C2-C 12The alkyl group is an alkyl group. Such alkyl groups may be linear or branched. The alcohols used in the ZDDP may be 2-propanol, butanol, secondary butanol, pentanol, hexanol, such as 4-methyl-2-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, and alkylated phenols. Mixtures of secondary alcohols or mixtures of primary and secondary alcohols may be used. Alkylaryl groups may also be used. Useful zinc dithiophosphates include secondary zinc dithiophosphates, such as those available from The Lubrizol Corporation under the trade names "LZ™ 677A", "LZ™ 1095", and "LZ™ 1371", those available from Chevron Oronite under the trade name "OLOA™ 262", and those available from Afton Chemical under the trade name "HiTEC™ 7169".

[0207] In embodiments, the zinc compound is a zinc dithiocarbamate complex, for example, a zinc dithiocarbamate complex having the formula: [ka]

[0033] Alternatively, the zinc dithiocarbamate may be represented by the following formula: wherein each R1 is independently a linear, cyclic, or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, n is 0, 1, or 2, L is a ligand that saturates the coordination sphere of zinc, and x is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, the ligand L is selected from the group consisting of water, hydroxide, ammonia, amino, amide, alkylthiolate, halide, and combinations thereof.

[0208] The anti-wear additive, e.g., ZDDP and / or zinc carbamate, is typically used in an amount of about 0.4% to about 1.2%, preferably about 0.5% to about 1.0%, more preferably about 0.6% to about 0.8%, by weight based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, although in many cases greater or lesser amounts can be advantageously used. Preferably, the anti-wear additive is a ZDDP, preferably a secondary ZDDP, and is present in an amount of about 0.6 to 1.0% by weight of the total weight of the lubricating composition. Anti-wear additives useful herein also include boron-containing compounds such as boric acid esters, borated aliphatic amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates, and borated overbased metal salts. Compositions according to the present disclosure may contain additives having various stated functions that also have a secondary effect as antiwear agents (e.g., the Component B functionalized polymers described above can also exhibit antiwear effects), and such additives are not included as antiwear agents for purposes of determining the amount of antiwear agent in a lubricating oil composition or concentrate herein.

[0209] L. Demulsifiers Demulsifiers useful herein include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,829,712 (column 20, lines 34-40). Typically, small amounts of demulsifying components can be used herein. A preferred demulsifying component is described in EP 330 522. It is obtained by reacting an alkylene oxide with an adduct obtained by reaction of a bisepoxide with a polyhydric alcohol. Such additives can be used in an amount of about 0.001-5% by weight, preferably about 0.01-2% by weight.

[0210] M. Seal compatibility agent Other optional additives include seal compatibility agents, such as organic phosphates, aromatic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters (e.g., butyl benzyl phthalate), and polybutenyl succinic anhydride. Such additives can be used in amounts of about 0.001-5 wt%, preferably about 0.01-2 wt%. In an embodiment, the seal compatibility agent is a sea swell agent, such as PIBSA (polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride).

[0211] N. Extreme pressure agents The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain one or more extreme pressure agents that can prevent the seizure of sliding metal surfaces under extreme pressure conditions. Any extreme pressure agent known to those skilled in the art can be used in the lubricating oil composition. In general, extreme pressure agents are compounds that can chemically combine with metals to form a surface film that prevents the welding of asperities on opposing metal surfaces under high loads. Non-limiting examples of suitable extreme pressure agents include sulfurized animal or vegetable fats or oils, sulfurized animal or vegetable fatty acid esters, fully or partially esterified esters of trivalent or pentavalent acids of phosphorus, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts, sulfurized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized or co-sulfurized mixtures of fatty acid esters and monounsaturated olefins, co-sulfurized blends of fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and alpha-olefins, functionally substituted dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thia-aldehydes, thia-ketones, epithio compounds, sulfur-containing acetal derivatives, co-sulfurized blends of terpenes and acyclic olefins, and polysulfide olefin products, amine salts of phosphates or thiophosphates, and combinations thereof. The amount of extreme pressure agent may vary from about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.05% to about 3%, or about 0.1% to about 1%, by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0212] O. Non-Base Stock Unsaturated Hydrocarbons The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain one or more unsaturated hydrocarbons. Such unsaturated hydrocarbons are different from any base oils (lubricating oil base stocks of Groups I, II, III, IV, and / or V) that may be present in the composition and / or viscosity modifiers, which always have at least one unsaturation per molecule (typically only one in the case of linear alpha-olefins or LAOs). Without being bound by theory, the unsaturation may provide antioxidant and / or sulfur trapping functionality that may complement and / or replace one or more antioxidant additives and / or one or more corrosion inhibitor additives, but the unsaturated hydrocarbons (LAOs) will typically not provide the only antioxidant or the only corrosion inhibitor functionality in the lubricating oil composition. Non-limiting examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons include one or more unsaturated C 12 ~C 60 Hydrocarbons (e.g., C 12 ~C 48 Hydrocarbons, C 12 ~C 36 Hydrocarbons, C 12 ~C 30 Hydrocarbon, or C 12 ~C 24 When only one unsaturation is present, the unsaturated hydrocarbon may be referred to as a linear alpha-olefin (LAO). Other non-limiting examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons include oligomers / polymers of polyisobutylene that retain (or are post-polymerization modified to exhibit) terminal (near) unsaturation, and / or blends thereof. When present, the unsaturated hydrocarbon (LAO) may be present at 0.01 to 5 mass % (particularly, 0.1 to 3 mass %, alternatively 0.1 to 1.5 mass %) based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

[0213] When the lubricating oil composition includes one or more of the additives discussed above, the additive is typically blended into the composition in an amount sufficient to perform its intended function. Typical amounts of such additives useful in the present disclosure, particularly for use in crankcase lubricants, are set forth in the table below. It should be noted that many of the additives are shipped from the additive manufacturer as concentrates that contain one or more additives together with a certain amount of base oil or other diluent. Thus, the amounts by weight in the table below, as well as other amounts referred to herein, refer to the amount of active ingredient (i.e., the undiluted portion of the ingredient). The mass percents (wt%) listed below are based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. [Table 1] * Preferably, the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (1) to the polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant is at least 0.25:1 (such as at least 1:1, such as at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 2:1).

[0214] The additives mentioned above are typically commercially available materials. Although such additives may be added separately, they are usually premixed into packages that can be obtained from lubricant additive suppliers. Additive packages are available with a variety of ingredients, ratios, and characteristics, and the appropriate package will be selected taking into account the use of the final composition.

[0215] fuel The present disclosure provides a method for lubricating an automotive internal combustion engine during engine operation, comprising: (i) supplying a lubricating composition as described herein to a crankcase of an automotive internal combustion engine (automotive crankcase); (ii) supplying a hydrocarbon fuel to a vehicle internal combustion engine; and (iii) combusting the fuel in a motor vehicle internal combustion engine, for example a spark ignition or compression ignition two-stroke or four-stroke reciprocating engine, such as a diesel engine or a passenger car engine (e.g. a spark ignition combustion engine). The present invention also relates to a method comprising the steps of: The present disclosure also relates to a fuel composition comprising a lubricating oil composition as described herein and a hydrocarbon fuel, where the fuel may be derived from petroleum and / or biological sources ("biofuel" or "renewable fuel"). In an embodiment, the fuel comprises 0.1 to 100 mass % renewable fuel, alternatively 1 to 75 mass % renewable fuel, alternatively 5 to 50 mass % renewable fuel, based on the total mass of the renewable fuel and the petroleum-derived fuel.

[0216] Renewable fuel components are typically produced from vegetable oils (e.g., palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, jatropha oil), microbial oils (e.g., algae oil), animal fats (e.g., cooking oils, animal fats, and / or fish fats, etc.), biogas, hydrogen, and / or ammonia. Renewable fuels refer to biofuels produced from biological resources formed from modern biological processes. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel components are produced by a hydrotreating process. Hydrotreating includes various reactions in which molecular hydrogen reacts with other components or components undergo molecular transformation in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a solid catalyst. Reactions include, but are not limited to, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrification, hydrodemetallization, hydrocracking, and isomerization. Renewable fuel components may have different distillation ranges that provide the components with desired properties depending on the intended use.

[0217] use The lubricating compositions of the present disclosure can be used to lubricate mechanical engine parts, particularly in internal combustion engines, such as spark-ignited or compression-ignited two-stroke or four-stroke reciprocating engines, by adding lubricants thereto.Typically, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are crankcase lubricants, such as passenger car motor oils or heavy duty diesel engine lubricants. In particular, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are suitably used to lubricate the crankcase of compression ignition internal combustion engines, such as heavy duty diesel engines. In particular, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are preferably used to lubricate the crankcase of a spark ignition, turbocharged internal combustion engine.

[0218] In an embodiment, the lubricating oils of this disclosure are used in spark assisted high compression internal combustion engines, and when used in high compression spark ignition internal combustion engines, the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure are useful for lubricating high compression spark ignition internal combustion engines. In an embodiment, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are suitably used to lubricate the crankcase of an engine in a heavy duty diesel vehicle (i.e., a heavy duty diesel vehicle having a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or greater). In an embodiment, the lubricating compositions of the present disclosure are suitably used to lubricate the crankcase of a passenger car diesel engine. In particular, the lubricating oil formulations of the present disclosure are particularly useful in compression ignition internal combustion engines, i.e., heavy duty diesel engines, that use low viscosity oils, e.g., API FA-4 and future oil categories, where valve train wear protection is a challenge.

[0219] The present disclosure further relates to the following: 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: A) at least 50 mass % of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; B) 0.01 to 20 wt. %, for example 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, the functionalized polymer having a Mn of the polymer prior to functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS), the functional groups being derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups (including, but not limited to, functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent followed by reaction with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups), and the homopolymer or copolymer backbone being a C2 to C6 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C4-C 20 derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes; a functionalized polymer, which is a polyalkenyl succinimide, the polyalkenyl being derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn of 1200 g / mol, e.g., 1300 g / mol or more, e.g., 1400 g / mol or more, e.g., 1,600 g / mol or more (GPC-PC), and the imide being derived from a polyamine, the polyalkenyl succinimide high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM being absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, being present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; C) optionally, a detergent, such as one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents; 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0220] 2. The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 1, wherein a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present and the weight ratio of the functionalised polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM (if present) is at least 0.26:1, such as at least 0.275:1, for example at least 0.3:1, such as at least 0.35:1, for example at least 0.4:1, such as at least 0.5:1, at least 0.6:1, such as at least 0.625:1, for example at least 0.65:1, such as at least 0.7:1, for example at least 0.75:1, such as at least 0.8:1, for example at least 0.9:1, such as at least 1:1, for example at least 1.25:1, such as at least 1.5:1, for example at least 2:1. 3. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 1, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 4. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 1, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present at less than 5 mass %, such as less than 4 mass %, such as less than 3 mass %, for example less than 2 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 5. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-4, which is substantially free of, preferably containing less than 0.5%, more preferably less than 0.2%, and most preferably less than 0.1%, of a phenate detergent.

[0221] 6. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-5, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content of no more than 0.12%, preferably less than 0.10%, preferably less than 0.08%. 7. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM having a Mn of 1200 g / mol or more, such as 1300 g / mol Mn or more, such as 1600 g / mol Mn or more (GPC-PS) is absent or substantially absent in the lubricating oil composition, or if present, is present in an amount less than 5 mass %, such as less than 4 mass %, such as less than 3 mass %, for example less than 2 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 8. The polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer comprises one or more C2-C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins, e.g., C2-C 20 Olefins, e.g. C2-C 16 The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 7, which is derived from an olefin, such as a C2 to C8 olefin, such as a C4 to C6 olefin, such as a C4 and / or C5 olefin. 9. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 8, wherein the polymer backbone is derived from a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, decene, dodecene. 10. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-9, wherein the polymer backbone is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene. 11. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-10, wherein the polymer backbone before functionalization contains at least 90% isoprene repeat units or at least 90% butadiene repeat units.

[0222] 12. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-9, wherein the polymer backbone is homo-polyisoprene. 13. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-9, wherein the polymer backbone is an ethylene-propylene copolymer. 14. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-13, wherein the polymer backbone comprises repeat units of one or more polar monomers. 15. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-14, wherein the one or more polar monomers are selected from the group consisting of fumarates, acrylates, maleates, methacrylates, acrylamides, acrylonitriles, and combinations thereof. 16. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-15, wherein the polymer before functionalization has a Mn of 10,000 g / mol to 100,000 g / mol (GPC-PS), for example, 15,000 to 80,000 g / mol, for example, 20,000 to 70,000 g / mol.

[0223] 17. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-16, wherein the polymer before functionalization has a Mn of 25,000 g / mol or more, such as 30,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS). 18. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-17, wherein when the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol, e.g., greater than 30,000 g / mol, or greater than 35,000 g / mol (GPC-PS). 19. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-18, wherein the polymer backbone contains at least about 50% 1,4 insertions of monomers. 20. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1-19, wherein the acylating agent is maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, or a corresponding ester. 21. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-20, wherein the functional group is selected from amide, imide, or ester.

[0224] 22. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 21, wherein the compound which reacts with the acylated polymer backbone is a monoamine or polyamine, particularly a polyamine, such as a primary amine, such as a primary aromatic amine. 23. The acylated polymer backbone may be selected from polyhydrocarbyl polyamines, polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines, polyoxyalkylene polyamines, and combinations thereof, preferably tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA), pentaethylene hexamine (PEHA), N-phenyl-diamines (e.g., N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (also known as 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA), N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (also known as 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA), ... 23. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-22, wherein the lubricating oil composition is reacted with one or more amines from the group consisting of amines, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine), nitroaniline (e.g., 3-nitroaniline), N-phenylethane-diamine (e.g., N1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine), N-aminophenylacetamide (e.g., N-(4-aminophenyl)acetamide), morpholinopropanamine (e.g., 3-morpholinopropan-1-amine), and aminoethylpiperazine (e.g., 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine).

[0225] 24. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-23, wherein the acylated polymer backbone has been reacted with N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine. 25. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-24, wherein the acylated polymer backbone has been reacted with one or more hydroxy-substituted polyamines from the group consisting of N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines, such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylenediamines, or with one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene diamines. 26. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the compound which reacts with the acylated polymer backbone is a hydroxyl group-containing compound, in particular a polyhydroxy compound, such as an alcohol or a polyol, for example pentaerythritol, or a hydrocarbyl bridged aryloxy alcohol.

[0226] 27. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1-26, wherein the functionalized polymer has a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less, such as 3.4 or less, such as 1 to 3.3, such as 1.1 to 3.2, such as 1.2 to 3.0, for example 1.4 to 2.9. 28. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-27, wherein the functionalized polymer has an average functionality (Fv) of from 1.4 to 20 functional group grafts / polymer chain, such as from 1.4 to 15 functional group grafts / polymer chain, such as from 3 to 12.5 functional group grafts / polymer chain, for example from 4 to 10 functional group grafts / polymer chain. 29. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-29, wherein the functionalized polymer has a molecular weight distribution MWD (Mw / Mn) of less than 2, such as less than 1.8, such as less than 1.5.

[0227] 30. A functionalized polymer is (i) Mw / Mn less than 2; (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less; and (iii) Mn of the polymer before functionalization is 10,000 g / mol or more The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the polyisoprene is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homo-polyisoprene having the formula: 31. A functionalized polymer is (i) Mw / Mn less than 1.8; (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 2.5 or less; (iii) 4 to 10 functional group grafts / average functionality of polymer chain (Fv), and (iv) Mn of polymer before functionalization of 20,000 g / mol to 50,000 g / mol (GPC-PS) The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the polyisoprene is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homo-polyisoprene having the formula: 32. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-31, wherein the functionalized polymer is derived from homo-polyisoprene that has been acylated with maleic anhydride or maleic acid and further reacted with N-phenylphenylenediamine, NPPDA, e.g., 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA. 33. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the functionalized polymer is derived from an ethylene-propylene copolymer that has been acylated with maleic anhydride or maleic acid and further reacted with an N-phenylphenylenediamine, NPPDA, e.g., 4-amino-diphenylamine, ADPA.

[0228] 34. The following: A) 50 to 99 mass % of one or more base oils, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; B) 0.01 to 20 wt. % of one or more functionalized polymers, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; C) 0.01 to 20 mass % of one or more detergents, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 34. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 33, obtained from comprising or mixing 35. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-34, comprising less than 15 wt.%, for example less than 12 wt.%, of a dispersant, the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present at 5 wt.% or less, for example 4 wt.% or less, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and the functionalized polymer is present at at least 2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 36. The lubricating oil composition of the preceding paragraphs 1-35, comprising less than 10 wt.%, for example less than 9 wt.%, of a dispersant, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent, and wherein the functionalized polymer is present in at least 2 wt.%, for example at least 3 wt.%, or at least 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0229] 37. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1-36, wherein the combination of dispersant and functionalized polymer comprises at least 20 mass %, such as at least 25 mass %, such as at least 30 mass %, such as at least 35 mass %, such as at least 40 mass %, or at least 50 mass % of functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the dispersant and functionalized polymer. 38. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-37, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 39. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-38, further comprising one, two, three, four, five, six, or more additional additives selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, viscosity modifiers, corrosion inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors, and antiwear agents.

[0230] 40. The following: D) 0.01 to 5 wt. % of one or more friction modifiers, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; E) 0.01 to 10 wt. % of one or more antioxidants, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; F) 0.01 to 5 wt. % of one or more pour point depressants, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; G) 0.001 to 5 wt. % of one or more antifoam agents, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; H) 0.001 to 10 wt. % of one or more viscosity modifiers, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; J) 0.0 to 5 mass % of one or more inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and / or K) 0.001 to 10 mass % of one or more antiwear agents based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition 40. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-39, further comprising one, two, three, four, five, six or more of: 41. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-40, having 5 mass % or less, such as 4 mass %, such as 3 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, of a viscosity modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

[0231] 42. The lubricant composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 41, comprising 1.8 mass% or less, such as 1.6 mass% or less, such as 1.5 mass% or less, such as 1.3 mass% or less, for example 1 mass% or less of a viscosity modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, wherein the lubricant composition comprises at least 2 mass% of a functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, and high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 43. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 42, comprising at most 1.8 mass %, such as at most 1.6 mass %, for example at most 1.5 mass %, such as at most 1.3 mass %, for example at most 1 mass %, of a viscosity modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and the functionalized polymer accounts for at least 25 mass %, such as at least 30 mass %, or at least 35 mass %, of the dispersant (based on the total mass of dispersant present in the lubricating oil composition). 44. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-43, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 45. The lubricating oil composition of paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity modifier is a linear or star polymer, copolymer, or block copolymer of methacrylate, conjugated diene, one or more alpha-olefins, and / or optionally substituted styrene, and combinations thereof.

[0232] 46. ​​The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity modifier is an olefin copolymer. 47. The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity modifier is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene. 48. The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 41, wherein the viscosity modifier is a star block copolymer of styrene and a conjugated diene. 49. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-48, wherein the base oil comprises a Group III base oil and / or a Group II base oil. 50. The lubricant composition of paragraph 49, wherein the base oil comprises at least 50 mass %, such as at least 70 mass %, such as at least 90 mass %, up to 100 mass % of a Group II base oil (based on the total mass of base oils present in the lubricant composition). 51. The lubricant composition according to paragraph 49, wherein the Group II base oil comprises at least 10%, such as at least 25%, such as at least 50%, such as at least 75%, up to 100% of a Group II base oil having a viscosity of 6 cSt or less and / or a Group II base oil having a viscosity of 4 cSt or less (based on the total mass of base oils present in the lubricant composition). 52. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-51, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased detergents, such as a Group 2 metal salicylate and / or a Group 2 sulfonate detergent.

[0233] 53. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-52, comprising a detergent selected from the group consisting of calcium salicylate, calcium sulfonate, magnesium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, and combinations thereof. 54. The lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 53, comprising a calcium salicylate detergent and / or a magnesium sulfonate detergent. 55. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-54, further comprising a friction modifier, for example an organic friction modifier selected from glycerol monooleate, saturated mono-, di-, triglyceride esters, and glycerol monostearate. 56. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-55, further comprising a molybdenum-containing compound selected from the group consisting of molybdenum amines, molybdenum diamines, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum amine complexes, molybdenum carboxylates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, and mixtures thereof. 57. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 56, comprising 5 mass % or less, such as 3 mass %, for example 2 mass % or less, such as 1.5 mass % or less, for example 1 mass % or less of a friction modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

[0234] 58. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-57, comprising at least 2 mass %, for example 3 mass %, of a functionalized polymer, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and 2 mass % or less, for example 1.5 mass % or less, for example 1 mass % or less, of a friction modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and being absent or substantially absent of high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM. 59. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-58, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises at least 30 mass %, such as at least 40 mass %, of the total dispersant mass. 60. The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 57, wherein the friction modifier is an inorganic or organometallic molybdenum compound. 61. The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 57, wherein the friction modifier is a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate. 62. The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 57, wherein the friction modifier is a trinuclear molybdenum compound. 63. A lubricating oil composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 62, comprising a functionalized polymer as defined in paragraph 1 and 1000 ppm or less, e.g., 750 ppm or less, or from 30 to 750 ppm, e.g., from 40 to 500 ppm, of molybdenum, and wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 64. The lubricating oil composition according to paragraph 57, comprising an organic ashless friction modifier. 65. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-64, comprising at least 5 mass % or less, such as 2 mass % or less, such as 1 mass % or less, of an organic ashless friction modifier, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and being absent or substantially absent of high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM.

[0235] 66. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-65, further comprising glycerol monooleate. 67. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-66, wherein the lubricating oil composition is free or substantially free of phenolic antioxidants and / or styrenic polymers. 68. The lubricating oil composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 67, comprising less than 5 mass % of secondary hydrocarbyl amine compounds and tertiary hydrocarbyl amine compounds, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 69. The lubricating oil composition of any of paragraphs 1-68, wherein the detergent comprises one or more oil-soluble neutral and / or overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, or other oil-soluble carboxylates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals.

[0236] 70. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-69, wherein the detergent comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal-containing detergents selected from magnesium salicylate, calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate. 71. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-70, wherein one or more of the detergents has a total base number (TBN) of 10 mg / KOH / g or more, such as 30 mg / KOH / g or more, such as 100 mg / KOH / g or more, or a TBN of 30 to 700 mg / KOH / g. 72. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 71, wherein the detergent comprises one or more neutral and / or overbased metal salicylates and the dispersant comprises one or more functionalized polymers as defined in any of paragraphs 1 to 71, and high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent. 73. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 72, comprising at least 2 mass %, such as at least 2.5 mass %, for example at least 3 mass %, such as at least 3.5 mass %, for example at least 4 mass %, of one or more functionalized polymers, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.

[0237] 74. A lubricating oil composition according to any of paragraphs 1 to 73 above, which is free or substantially free of a phenate detergent agent, for example less than 0.5 mass %, such as less than 0.2 mass %, for example less than 0.1 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and wherein the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil composition is 0.12 mass % or less, preferably less than 0.10%, preferably less than 0.08%, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition. 75. The lubricating oil composition according to any of paragraphs 1 to 74 above, wherein the polyalkenyl succinimide comprises one or more borated or non-borated poly(alkenyl) succinimides. 76. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-75, wherein the polyalkenyl succinimide comprises one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants having a Mn of 1200 g / mol Mn or less, and optionally one or more high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants, wherein one or more of the high molecular weight and / or low molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants may be borated. 77. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 76, having an SAE viscosity grade of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50.

[0238] 78. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 77, having an SAE viscosity grade of 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X, where X represents any one of 12, 16, 20, 30, or 40. 79. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1 to 78, having an SAE viscosity grade of 10W-X or 5W-X, where X represents any one of 20, 30, or 40. 80. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-79, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 15 cSt, such as less than 12.5 cSt, such as less than 10 cSt, as measured by ASTM D-445. 81. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-80, having a high temperature high shear viscosity (HTHS) at 150°C as measured by ASTM D4683 of less than 4 mPa·s, such as less than 3.5 mPa·s, for example less than 3 mPa·s. 82. The lubricating oil composition of any of the preceding paragraphs 1-81, exhibiting a soot-induced viscosity increase (as determined by the Mack T11 Test for Soot-Induced Viscosity Control) of 4 cSt or less at 5% soot.

[0239] 83. ...

Claims

1. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: A) at least 50 wt. % of one or more base oils, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; and B) 0.01 to 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, the functionalized polymer comprising: iv) having a Mn of said polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more, optionally 25,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS); v) the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, including but not limited to, functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent and subsequently reacting with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups; vi) the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is 2 ~C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C 4 ~C 20 derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes; a functionalized polymer, wherein a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, which is a polyisobutylene succinimide derived from polyisobutylene having an Mn of 1200 g / mol or more, optionally 1,600 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) and a polyamine, is absent or substantially absent in the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; C) Detergents, optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:

2. 2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present and the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.6:

1.

3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present at less than 5 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

4. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, which is substantially free of phenate detergents.

5. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil composition is 0.12 mass % or less.

6. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer is derived from one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, decene, and / or dodecene.

7. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the polymer backbone is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, homo-polyisoprene, or a mixture thereof.

8. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer is an ethylene-propylene copolymer.

9. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the polymer backbone of the functionalized polymer comprises at least about 50%, optionally at least 90%, of 1,4 insertions of monomer.

10. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the polymer backbone is homo-polyisoprene, partially hydrogenated homo-polyisoprene, or fully hydrogenated homo-polyisoprene.

11. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a Group III base stock.

12. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein no Group III base stocks are present.

13. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein when the polymer before functionalization is a copolymer of isoprene and butadiene, the Mn of the copolymer is greater than 25,000 g / mol (GPC-PS).

14. 14. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the acylating agent is maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, or the corresponding esters, and the compound with which the acylated polymer backbone is reacted is a monoamine or polyamine.

15. The functionalized polymer is 4~5 The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 14, which is a polymer of conjugated dienes and has a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less and an average functionality (Fv) of 1.4 to 20 functional group grafts / polymer chain.

16. 2) less than 10 wt. % of a Group III base stock; 3) less than 5 wt. % of a polyalkenyl succinimide having a Mn of 1600 or greater; and 4) greater than 15 wt. % of a Group II base oil, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition; Kinematic viscosity at 100°C (KV 100 ) The lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the functionalized polymer has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of less than 2.

18. The functionalized polymer comprises: (i) Mw / Mn less than 2; (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 3.5 or less; and (iii) the Mn of the polymer before functionalization is 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS) The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the polyisoprene is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homo-polyisoprene having the formula:

19. The functionalized polymer comprises: (i) Mw / Mn less than 1.8; (ii) a functionality distribution (Fd) value of 2.5 or less; (iii) an average functionality (Fv) of 4 to 10 functional group grafts / polymer chain; and (iv) Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 20,000 g / mol to 50,000 g / mol (GPC-PS) The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the polyisoprene is an amide or imide functionalized partially or fully saturated homo-polyisoprene having the formula:

20. 20. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the functionalized polymer is derived from homo-polyisoprene and / or ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been acylated with maleic anhydride or maleic acid and further reacted with N-phenylphenylenediamine.

21. 21. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 20, further comprising 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more additional additives selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, viscosity modifiers, corrosion and / or rust inhibitors, and antiwear agents.

22. D) 0.01 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more friction modifiers; E) 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more antioxidants; F) 0.01 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more pour point depressants; G) 0.001 to 5 wt. % of one or more antifoam agents, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; H) 0.001 to 10 wt. % of one or more viscosity modifiers, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; J) 0.0 to 5 wt. % of one or more inhibitors and / or rust inhibitors, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; and / or K) 0.001 to 10 wt. % of one or more antiwear agents, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 21, further comprising one, two, three, four, five, six or more of:

23. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising up to 5 wt. % of a viscosity modifier, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

24. 24. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising up to 1.8 wt. % of a viscosity modifier, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the lubricating oil composition comprising at least 2 wt. % of the functionalized polymer, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

25. 22. The lubricating oil composition of claim 21, wherein the viscosity modifier is a linear or star polymer, copolymer, or block copolymer of methacrylates, conjugated dienes and / or optionally substituted styrenes, one or more alpha-olefins, and / or combinations thereof.

26. 22. The lubricating oil composition of claim 21, wherein the viscosity modifier is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene or a star block copolymer of styrene and a conjugated diene.

27. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the base oil comprises a Group III base oil and / or a Group II base oil.

28. 28. The lubricating oil composition of claim 27, wherein the base oil comprises at least 50 wt.% of a Group II base oil, based on the total weight of base oil present in the lubricating oil composition.

29. 29. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the detergent optionally comprises one or more oil-soluble neutral and / or overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, or other oil-soluble carboxylates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, which may be selected from the group consisting of calcium salicylates, calcium phosphonates, magnesium salicylates, magnesium phosphonates, and combinations thereof.

30. 30. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 29, further comprising one or more molybdenum-containing compounds selected from the group consisting of molybdenum amines, molybdenum diamines, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum amine complexes, molybdenum carboxylates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, and mixtures thereof.

31. 31. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 30 comprising at least 2 wt. % of said functionalized polymer, based on the total weight of said lubricating oil composition, and 2 wt. % or less of a friction modifier, based on the total weight of said lubricating oil composition, and wherein said high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

32. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 31 comprising the functionalized polymer and up to 1000 ppm molybdenum, and wherein the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

33. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein the polyalkenyl succinimide further comprises one or more PIBSA-PAM dispersants having a Mn of 1200 g / mol Mn or less, and one or more of the high and / or low molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants may be borated.

34. 34. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 33, exhibiting an SAE viscosity grade of 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X, or 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50.

35. A concentrate comprising: (A) from 1 to less than 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the concentrate composition, of one or more base oils; and (B) 0.01 to 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, said functionalized polymer comprising: i) having a Mn of said polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS); ii) the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, including, but not limited to, functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent and subsequently reacting with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups; a polyalkenyl succinimide, the polyalkenyl being derived from a polyisobutylene having an Mn of 1,600 g / mol or greater (GPC-PC) and the imide being derived from a polyamine; the polyalkenyl succinimide, high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, being absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, being present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1; and C) Detergents, optionally one or more neutral and / or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents A concentrate obtained by comprising or mixing

36. 36. The lubricating oil concentrate of claim 35, wherein a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is present and the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.6:

1.

37. The lubricating oil concentrate of claim 35, wherein high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is absent or substantially absent.

38. 1. A method for lubricating an internal combustion engine during operation of said engine, comprising: (i) supplying a lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 37 to a crankcase of the internal combustion engine; (ii) supplying fuel to the internal combustion engine; and (iii) combusting the fuel in the internal combustion engine. A method comprising:

39. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the internal combustion engine is a two-stroke or four-stroke reciprocating engine, a spark ignition engine, a spark ignition turbocharged internal combustion engine, a compression ignition engine, a heavy duty diesel engine, an automotive diesel engine, a motorcycle engine, a stationary gas, diesel-powered engine, a locomotive engine, or a four-stroke medium speed trunk piston engine.

40. 40. The method of claim 38 or 39, wherein the fuel is one or more of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, methanol, a renewable fuel, a gaseous fuel, or any blend thereof.

41. 1. A method for improving the overall deposit performance, as measured by MHT-4 TEOST (ASTM D7097), of a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant by partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with a functionalized polymer in a weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM of at least 0.25:1, the functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group; i) having a Mn of said polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS); ii) the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, including, but not limited to, functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent and subsequently reacting with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups; iii) the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is 2 ~C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C 4 ~C 20 derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes; The lubricating oil composition may optionally contain one or more neutral and / or overbased metal salicylate and / or sulfonate detergents.

42. 1. A method for reducing component interactions in a lubricating oil composition / concentrate containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant, comprising: and including a functionalized polymer in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM, or partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with such a functionalized polymer such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, and has a Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or greater (GPC-PS), ii) the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, including but not limited to functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent and subsequently reacting with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, and iii) the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is selected from the group consisting of C 2 ~C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C 4 ~C 20 The monomer is derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes.

43. 1. A method for reducing the treat rate of one or more of antioxidants, detergents, friction modifiers, and viscosity modifiers in a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant without impairing the performance of the lubricating oil composition in an MHT-4 TEOST deposit formation test according to ASTM D7097, comprising the steps of partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant with a functionalized polymer, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, having a Mn of the polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or greater (GPC-PS), ii) the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, including, but not limited to, functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent followed by reaction with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, and iii) the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is selected from the group consisting of C 2 ~C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C 4 ~C 20 derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes; The method wherein the weight ratio of said functionalized polymer to said high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:

1.

44. 1. A method of reducing the treat rate of a concentrate additive package in a lubricating oil composition containing a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant by partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant in the concentrate additive package with a functionalized polymer, said functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, said polymer having a Mn of said polymer prior to functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or greater (GPC-PS), ii) said functional groups being derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, including but not limited to functionalizing said polymer with an acylating agent and subsequently reacting said polymer with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, and iii) said homopolymer or copolymer backbone being selected from the group consisting of a C 2 ~C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C 4 ~C 20 the weight ratio of said functionalized polymer to said high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:

1.

45. The lubricating oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 37 having a total deposit of 55 mg or less as determined by MHT-4 TEOST (ASTM D7097).

46. 1. A method for increasing the antiwear / friction reducing capability of a lubricating oil composition comprising a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant as determined by average friction / traction coefficients determined using a High Frequency Reciprocating Rig, comprising the steps of including a functionalized polymer in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM or partially or completely replacing the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM in the lubricating oil composition with such a functionalized polymer such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.6, wherein the functionalized polymer comprises a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, and the functionalized polymer comprises i) having a Mn of said polymer before functionalization of 10,000 g / mol or more (GPC-PS); ii) the functional groups are derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups, including, but not limited to, functionalizing the polymer with an acylating agent and subsequently reacting with a compound containing amino and / or hydroxyl groups; iii) the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is 2 ~C 30 Linear, branched, and / or cyclic alpha olefins and C 4 ~C 20 The monomer is derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes.

47. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the friction reducing capability is increased by at least 5%, optionally at least 10%, optionally at least 20%, optionally at least 40% (compared to the friction reducing capability of a comparative lubricating oil composition containing the same components in the same amounts but without the presence of the functionalized polymer), and wherein the functionalized polymer is included in the lubricating oil composition in addition to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM.

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