Externally insulated exterior wall structure including window openings

Abstract

To provide an externally insulated exterior wall structure in which, around window openings, another insulation layer made of an insulation material having a higher density than an insulation layer is provided between a concrete exterior wall and the insulation layer on the outdoor side of the concrete wall.SOLUTION: An externally insulated exterior wall structure has a concrete exterior wall, a mortar placed adjacent to the window opening side of the concrete exterior wall, and an exterior window frame placed adjacent to the window opening side of the mortar. A first insulation layer is arranged over a part of the outside surface of the concrete exterior wall and a part of the outside surface of the mortar. On the outside of the first insulation layer, a second insulation layer is arranged to cover the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall. The first insulation layer is formed of an insulation material having greater density and higher compressive and / or flexural strength than the second insulation layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the exterior wall structure of an externally insulated building, and more specifically to an externally insulated exterior wall structure in which an insulating layer made of high-density insulating material is arranged around a window opening. [Background technology]

[0002] Externally insulated reinforced concrete buildings are valued as high-performance energy-saving buildings for the following reasons: the outside of the concrete structure is covered with an insulating layer, which prevents cracks caused by thermal stress from sunlight; the concrete structure does not come into contact with air, which prevents neutralization of the concrete and prevents corrosion of the reinforcing steel bars, improving the durability of the building; and the temperature environment inside the building can be maintained and condensation can be prevented, which prevents the growth of mold and dust mites and is also excellent for health.

[0003] The main external insulation methods used for such external insulation buildings include the dry adhesion method, the wet adhesion method, the ventilation layer method, and the double wall method (Non-Patent Document 1). The dry adhesion method is a method in which an insulating composite panel, which is an integrated exterior base material and an insulating layer, is stretched on the exterior wall (structure). The wet adhesion method is a method in which an insulating layer is stretched on the exterior wall (structure) and a thin plaster is applied to the insulating layer. The ventilation layer method is a method in which an insulating layer is stretched on the exterior wall (structure) and an exterior base material or exterior material is placed on the outside of the insulating layer, leaving a space on the outside. The space between the insulating layer and the exterior base material or exterior material becomes the ventilation layer. The double wall method is a method in which an insulating layer is stretched on the structure and an exterior wall such as a thick brick, concrete block, or concrete plate is placed on the outside of the insulating layer, leaving a space on the outside. The space between the insulation layer and the exterior wall serves as an air gap.

[0004] The present invention relates to a wet adhesion method among the external insulation exterior wall construction methods. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an exterior wall structure in a conventional window section (Non-Patent Document 2) that employs the wet adhesion method. Construction of the exterior window of an exterior wall structure is usually performed in the following order: installation of an exterior window frame 511, filling with mortar 54, installation of a secondary sealant 415, application of a heat insulating layer 22, application of an exterior material 31, and installation of a primary sealant 411. The reason why the heat insulating layer 22 is applied after the installation of the exterior window frame 511 is that if the heat insulating layer 22 is applied first, the heat insulating layer 22 may melt due to sparks when welding an anchor (not shown) embedded in the concrete exterior wall 10 to the welding plate 53 of the exterior window frame 511 via the supporting steel bar 52 when the exterior window frame 511 is installed, which may cause a fire. Therefore, the secondary sealant 415 must be applied from a narrow gap between the exterior window frame 511 and the heat insulating layer 22. Due to the complexity of applying the secondary sealing 415, problems may arise with the adhesion between the secondary sealing 415 and the concrete exterior wall 10.

[0005] In the conventional exterior wall structure, a space a is formed surrounded by the insulation layer 22, the primary sealant 411, the secondary sealant 415, and the exterior window frame 511, and condensation may occur in this space a, causing problems in supporting the insulation layer 22. In addition, the formation of the space a causes the lower part of the insulation layer 22 to protrude downward from the lower end surface of the concrete exterior wall 10, so that the lower end of the concrete exterior wall 10 on the exterior wall side acts as a fulcrum and vibrates in strong winds, which may accelerate the deterioration of the primary sealant 411 or cause cracks in the exterior material 31. The insulation layer 22 is fixed to the concrete exterior wall 10 using an adhesive, but the adhesive is not applied without gaps due to construction and cost constraints. Therefore, if the primary sealant 411 deteriorates and a gap is formed, the outside air that enters through the gap may rise through the space where the adhesive is not applied, and the insulation effect may be impaired.

[0006] In addition, in the lower part of the window opening in the exterior wall structure of Fig. 7, the water cutter 512 is welded to the supporting steel bar 52 extending from within the mortar 54, which requires time and effort to install, and part of the supporting steel bar 52 is exposed from the mortar 54, which may cause corrosion. In addition, a sealant 413 is provided between the water cutter 512 and the exterior material 31, but rainwater flowing down the water cutter 512 may reach the exterior material 31 along the sealant 413 and cause damage to the exterior material 31. In addition, rainwater may get behind the sealant 413 through gaps caused by deterioration of the sealant 413 over time, causing condensation.

[0007] Furthermore, in the exterior wall structure of Figure 7, a wooden frame 57 is arranged on the indoor side of the window. Mortar 54 is filled between this wooden frame 57 and the concrete exterior wall 10, and as the wooden frame 57 absorbs water and compresses and expands due to temperature changes, cracks may occur at the joint surfaces of the mortar 54 that contact the concrete exterior wall 10 and the wooden frame 57, and in the interior materials in corresponding locations. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] Hokkaido External Insulation Construction Association (ed.), "External Insulation Construction Handbook," 2003, pp. 30-39 [Non-Patent Document 2] Iwakura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Bioshell [RC version] wet external insulation system catalog Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention aims to provide an externally insulated exterior wall structure in which, around a window opening, between a concrete exterior wall and an insulating layer arranged on the outdoor side, another insulating layer made of an insulating material with a higher density than the insulating layer is arranged. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The present invention provides an externally insulated exterior wall structure including a window opening. The externally insulated exterior wall structure includes a concrete exterior wall, mortar arranged in contact with the window opening side of the concrete exterior wall, and an exterior window frame arranged in contact with the window opening side of the mortar. A first insulation layer is arranged over a part of the outdoor surface of the concrete exterior wall and a part of the outdoor surface of the mortar. A second insulation layer is arranged on the outdoor side of the first insulation layer so as to cover the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall. The first insulation layer is formed of an insulation material having a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second insulation layer. It is preferable that the first insulation layer is formed of a high-density bead-method polystyrene foam insulation material, and the second insulation layer is formed of a bead-method polystyrene foam insulation material.

[0011] As described above, the first insulation layer is formed of an insulation material having a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second insulation layer. Therefore, the first insulation layer can be fixed by a first insulation layer fixing device that penetrates the first insulation layer from the outdoor side and reaches into the exterior wall concrete, and the second insulation layer can be fixed by a second insulation layer fixing device that penetrates the second insulation layer from the outdoor side and reaches into the first insulation layer. In addition, an adhesive can be disposed between the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall, between the second insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall, between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, or between a combination of these.

[0012] In one embodiment, a sealant is placed between the exterior surface of the exterior window frame and the interior surface of the first insulation layer on the window opening side of the mortar. This sealant corresponds to the primary sealant in the conventional exterior wall structure, and the present exterior insulation exterior wall structure does not require a secondary sealant.

[0013] In this externally insulated exterior wall structure, a wooden frame is disposed on the indoor side of the mortar and on the window opening side of the exterior wall concrete with a gap between them, and it is preferable that a third insulation layer is provided in the gap between the wooden frame and the mortar and the exterior wall concrete. The third insulation layer is preferably formed of a foamed-in-place insulation material.

[0014] This externally insulated exterior wall structure preferably has a fourth insulation layer disposed across the wooden frame and the third insulation layer on the indoor side. The fourth insulation layer is formed of an insulation material having a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second insulation layer, and can be fixed to the wooden frame with fourth insulation layer fasteners.

[0015] In the present external insulation exterior wall structure, a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer are provided below the window opening. It is preferable to have a water cut. The water cut may have an inclined piece that slopes downward toward the outdoor side, a horizontal piece that extends horizontally below the inclined piece, a vertical piece between the outdoor end of the inclined piece and the outdoor end of the horizontal piece, and an angle piece provided at the indoor end of the horizontal piece. It is preferable to arrange a heat insulating packing material between the angle piece and the first heat insulating layer, the heat insulating material being denser and having higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second heat insulating layer. The water cut may be fixed by a water cut fixing device that penetrates the angle piece and the heat insulating packing material to reach the first heat insulating layer.

[0016] It is preferable that the present externally insulated exterior wall structure further comprises an exterior material arranged on the outdoor side of the second insulation layer, and a sealant between the horizontal piece and the exterior material.

[0017] The present external insulation exterior wall structure preferably further includes a fire spread prevention member. The fire spread prevention member is a member having a substantially L-shaped cross section and a horizontal piece and a rising piece, and the horizontal piece can be disposed so as to contact the end faces of the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer on the window opening side, and the rising piece can be disposed so as to be located between the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall. Effect of the Invention

[0018] According to the present invention, a first insulation layer is arranged over a part of the exterior surface of the concrete exterior wall and a part of the exterior surface of the mortar, and a second insulation layer is arranged to cover the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall, and the first insulation layer is formed of an insulation material that is denser and has higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second insulation layer, so there is no need for complicated sealing work, the second insulation layer can be easily fixed to the first insulation layer with screws, etc., and there is no deterioration of the sealant or cracking of the exterior material due to the absence of vibration at the bottom of the insulation layer. Furthermore, it is easy to install a drain at the bottom of the window opening. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] This is a diagram of an exterior window with insulating panels placed around the window opening according to one embodiment of the present invention, viewed from the outdoors side, where the dashed line indicates the edge of the concrete exterior wall facing the window opening. [Diagram 2] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an externally insulated exterior wall structure using a wet adhesion method, in which (A) is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the exterior wall structure, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the exterior wall structure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an exterior wall structure above a window opening according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an exterior wall structure at the bottom of a window opening according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an exterior wall structure on one side of a window opening according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is an exterior wall structure above a window opening according to another embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, (B) is the positional relationship between the fire spread prevention member and the insulation board as viewed from the outdoors side, and (C) is an oblique view of the fire spread prevention member. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional exterior wall structure at the top and bottom of a window opening using a wet adhesion construction method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] (Outline of external insulation exterior wall structure) Fig. 1 is a view of an exterior window 51 with insulating panels 21 arranged around a window opening 11, viewed from the outdoor side. The dashed lines in the figure indicate end faces 101, 102, 103 of a concrete exterior wall 10 facing the window opening 11. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the externally insulated exterior wall structure 1 at the top of the window opening 11, Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the externally insulated exterior wall structure 1 at the bottom of the window opening 11, and Fig. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the externally insulated exterior wall structure 1 on one side of the window opening 11.

[0021] In the following, the externally insulated exterior wall structure 1 will simply be referred to as the "exterior wall 1." The front side of Fig. 1 and the left side of Fig. 3 will sometimes be referred to as the outdoor side, and the back side of Fig. 1 and the right side of Fig. 3 will sometimes be referred to as the indoor side. The upper side of Fig. 1 and the upper side of Fig. 3 will sometimes be referred to as the upper part of the window opening 11, the lower side of Fig. 1 and the lower side of Fig. 4 will sometimes be referred to as the lower part of the window opening 11, and the left and right sides of Fig. 1 and the right side of Fig. 5 will sometimes be referred to as the sides of the window opening 11.

[0022] The exterior wall 1 according to the present invention has a structure in which an insulating plate 21 (first insulating layer) is arranged around the entire periphery of the window opening 11 on the outdoor side of a concrete exterior wall 10 in an externally insulated building constructed by a close contact wet construction method. The insulating plate 21 has a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than an insulating layer 22 (second insulating layer) formed using a material generally used as a heat insulating material. The insulating plate 21, which has a high density and a high compressive strength and / or bending strength, has a high screw pull-out resistance value and can be attached to the surface of the concrete exterior wall 10 with screws. Therefore, before the installation of the outer window frame 511 and the filling of the mortar 54, the insulating plate 21 can be easily attached to the concrete exterior wall 10 around the window opening 11 in any size with a part of it protruding toward the window opening 11 side. Therefore, the insulating plate 21 can function as a dam plate for the mortar 54 during construction, and as a result, the mortar 54 can be filled without generating a space between the insulating plate 21 and the insulating plate 21, and complicated secondary sealing construction is not required.

[0023] Furthermore, the heat insulating plate 21 can be used to easily install a fire prevention device 33 (described later using FIG. 6) above the window opening 11, thereby protecting the heat insulating layer 22 in the event of a fire. That is, the fire prevention device 33 can prevent the heat insulating plate 21 and the heat insulating layer 22 above the window opening 11 from burning due to flames that burst into the outdoors after a fire inside the building has broken the window opening 11 due to explosive combustion, when flammable gas that has filled the room from the upper part downwards due to heating of furniture, interior materials, etc., has ignited in the event of a fire inside the building after completion of the building.

[0024] Furthermore, the drip edge 512 at the bottom of the window opening 11 can be screwed to the heat insulating plate 21, so there is no need to use welding for attachment, making construction easy.

[0025] Furthermore, a blocking plate 61 (fourth insulation layer) of the same quality as the insulating plate 21 can be attached to the wooden frame 57 arranged on the outdoor side around the window opening 11 on the indoor side by a blocking plate fixing device 611. This blocking plate 61 has high density and high compressive strength and / or bending strength like the insulating plate 21, so it has low water absorption and moisture permeability and is small in expansion and contraction. Therefore, the resin mortar 62 and the interior material 63 arranged between the blocking plate 61 and the concrete exterior wall 10 in contact with it can be prevented from cracking at the joint between the blocking plate 61 and the concrete exterior wall 10. The blocking plate 61 arranged around the indoor side of the window opening 11 also functions as a base material for curtain rails and tassels, a base material for baseboards, and an impact absorbing material for collisions with vacuum cleaners, etc. In addition, in the exterior wall 1, on the indoor side of the window opening 11, in-situ foamed insulation 55 (third insulation layer) is placed between the concrete exterior wall 10 and the wooden frame 57, preventing the window frames 511, 561 from becoming thermal bridges.

[0026] Referring to the drawings, the heat insulating plate 21 is disposed on the outdoor surface of the concrete exterior wall 10 around the window opening 11. In FIG. 1, the dotted lines around the outer window 51 having the outer window frame 511 indicate the positions of the end faces of the concrete exterior wall 10. That is, the dotted lines shown above the outer window 51 are the lower end face 101 of the concrete exterior wall 10 at the upper part of the window opening 11, the dotted lines shown on the left and right sides of the outer window 51 are the side end faces 102 of the concrete exterior wall 10 at the side of the window opening 11, and the dotted lines shown below the outer window 51 are the upper end face 103 of the concrete exterior wall 10 at the lower part of the window opening 11. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, the heat insulating plate 21 is disposed on the outdoor side of the concrete exterior wall 10 with each end protruding from the lower end face 101, the side end face 102, and the upper end face 103 toward the outer window 51. In FIG. 1, a water cutout 512, which will be described later, is also shown below the window opening 11.

[0027] As the insulating material forming the insulating plate 21, for example, a high density bead method polystyrene foam (Blaugelb Insulation Panel MultiPro EPS) manufactured by Blaugelb can be used. This insulating material has a density of 150 kg / m 3 , Compressive strength 149N / cm 2 , bending strength 259N / cm 2 Its physical properties include a screw pull-out value of 1200 N (for a screw with a diameter of 7.5 mm and a length of 42 mm) and a thermal conductivity of 0.0403 W / m k.

[0028] The heat insulating plate 21 can also be formed using the following materials, for example, in addition to those mentioned above. Achilles Foam Wood ·Density 60.4kg / m 3 Compressive strength: 59N / cm 2 Bending strength: 116.9N / cm 2 Thermal conductivity: 0.038W / m k Extruded Polystyrene Foam ·Density 470kg / m 3 Bending strength: 2200N / cm 2 Thermal conductivity: 0.070W / m k Calcium carbonate foam ·Density 70kg / m 3 Compressive strength: 20N / cm 2 Bending strength: 50N / cm 2 Thermal conductivity: 0.037W / m k

[0029] If these insulating materials having the above-mentioned density and compressive strength and / or bending strength are used as the insulating plate 21, the insulating plate 21 can be firmly attached directly to the concrete exterior wall 10 using a plurality of insulating plate fasteners 211 such as screws. Furthermore, by using such a high-density insulating plate 21, the end of the insulating layer 22 arranged on the outdoor side of the insulating plate 21 can be attached to the insulating plate 21 using insulating layer fasteners 211 such as washer screws. To attach the insulating plate 21 to the concrete exterior wall 10, an adhesive well known to those skilled in the art may be used in addition to the insulating plate fasteners 211.

[0030] The size of the insulating plate 21 is not limited, but may be, for example, 30 mm thick and 125 mm wide. The length varies depending on the position where it is disposed, and as shown in Fig. 1, for example, insulating plates 21 longer than the width of the window opening 11 are used at the top and bottom of the window opening 11, and insulating plates 21 of the same length as the height of the window opening 11 can be used on the sides.

[0031] An insulating layer 22 is disposed on the outdoor side of the concrete exterior wall 10 so as to cover the insulating plate 21 and the entire portion of the concrete exterior wall 10 to which the insulating plate 21 is not attached. A notch 221 corresponding to the thickness and width of the insulating plate 21 is provided on the indoor side of the end of the insulating layer 22, and the insulating layer 22 is attached to the concrete exterior wall 10 and the insulating plate 21 with the insulating plate 21 fitted in this notch 221.

[0032] The heat insulating layer 22 can be attached to the concrete exterior wall 10 using, for example, a general-purpose acrylic resin adhesive 23. The outdoor side of the cutout 221 of the heat insulating layer 22 is attached to the heat insulating plate 21 by a heat insulating layer fastener 211 such as a washer screw inserted from the outdoor side. The heat insulating layer 22 may be attached to the heat insulating plate 21 using an adhesive well known to those skilled in the art.

[0033] The insulating layer 22 can be formed using an insulating material known to those skilled in the art that has a lower density and a lower compressive strength and / or bending strength than the insulating board 21. ... For example, but not limited to, the insulating layer 22 can be formed using an insulating material having a density of 30 kg / m 3 , Compressive strength 16N / cm 2 , bending strength 32N / cm 2 For this purpose, bead-method polystyrene foam (JIS A9521) with a thermal conductivity of 0.034 W / m K or less can be used.

[0034] Here, the structure of the exterior wall 1 in a location where there is no window opening 11 and no insulation board 21 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining the exterior wall 1 by the wet adhesion construction method, with Fig. 2(A) being an exploded perspective view of part of the exterior wall 1 and Fig. 2(B) being a cross-sectional view of part of the exterior wall 1. In Fig. 2(A), the right side of the figure is the outdoor side and the left side is the indoor side. In Fig. 2(B), the upper side of the figure is the outdoor side and the lower side is the indoor side. The exterior wall 1 is constructed by laminating, in order from the indoor side, an interior material 63, a resin mortar 62, a concrete exterior wall 10, an adhesive material 23, an insulation layer 22, and an exterior material 31.

[0035] The exterior material 31, which is a plastered wall, is layered from the indoor side in the order of undercoat 311, mesh 312, and top coat 313, and the thickness can be, but is not limited to, 2 mm to 3 mm. The exterior material 31 protects the concrete exterior wall 10 from erosion by rainwater and can reduce cracks in the concrete exterior wall 10 caused by thermal expansion and contraction. Resin mortar 62 is placed on the indoor side of the concrete exterior wall 10 to adjust the base of the surface of the concrete exterior wall 10, and interior materials 63 such as wallpaper, plastered wall, and paint are placed thereon.

[0036] 3 to 5, an exterior material 31 shown in Fig. 2 is disposed on the outdoor side of the heat insulating layer 22. In addition, exterior materials 31 are also disposed on the lower end surfaces (Fig. 3) and side end surfaces (Fig. 5) of the heat insulating board 21 and the heat insulating layer 22.

[0037] An outer window frame 511 and an inner window frame 561 are disposed in the window opening 11. The outer window frame 511 can be attached by welding a welding plate 53 fitted into a protruding piece of the outer window frame 511 and a welding anchor (not shown) embedded in advance in the concrete exterior wall 10 to a supporting steel bar 52.

[0038] A space is provided between the outer window frame 511 and the concrete exterior wall 10, and the space is filled with mortar 54. Here, the heat insulating plate 21 can be firmly attached to the concrete exterior wall 10 by using the heat insulating plate fixing device 211 such as a screw, as described above. Therefore, before filling with mortar 54, the heat insulating plate 21 is attached to the outdoor side of the concrete exterior wall 10 so that its end protrudes from the end faces 101, 102, 103 of the concrete exterior wall 10 toward the window opening 11, so that the protruding portion of the heat insulating plate 21 can function as a dam plate when filling the space with mortar 54. As a result, the mortar 54 can be filled without creating a space between the heat insulating plate 21 and the mortar 54, and complicated secondary sealing is not required. The amount of protrusion of the heat insulating plate 21 toward the window opening 11 is not limited, and can be appropriately determined depending on the strength of the material used as the heat insulating plate 21.

[0039] At the top and sides of the window opening 11, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, the sealants 411, 412 and backers 421, 422 are arranged in the space formed between the outdoor surface of the outer window frame 511 and the indoor surface of the heat insulating plate 21 on the window opening 11 side of the mortar 54, preferably after providing a sealant receiver 514. The heat insulating plate 21 to which the sealants 411, 412 are in contact has high density and high compressive strength and / or high bending strength, and is firmly attached to the concrete exterior wall 10. In addition, since the heat insulating plate 21 and the mortar 54 are in close contact with each other, the heat insulating plate 21 protruding from the concrete exterior wall 10 does not vibrate even in strong winds, and deterioration of the sealants 411, 412 and cracks in the exterior material 31 are unlikely to occur. In addition, since there is no space surrounded by the heat insulating material, the primary sealant, the secondary sealant, and the window frame as seen in conventional exterior wall structures, there is no need to worry about condensation in this space.

[0040] On the indoor side of the window opening 11, a wooden frame 57 is attached to a frame receiver 513 located on the indoor side of the outer window frame 511. As shown in Figs. 3 to 5, the wooden frame 57 is arranged on the indoor side of the mortar 54 and on the window opening 11 side of the concrete exterior wall 10 with a gap between them. A plastic face plate 562 is arranged on the window opening 11 side of the wooden frame 57. A protrusion is provided on the face plate 562, and the face plate 562 is positioned by inserting the protrusion into a groove 571 provided on the window opening 11 side of the wooden frame 57. An inner window frame 561 is attached to the indoor surface of the face plate 562, and the face plate 562 is fixed by being sandwiched between the inner window frame 561 and the wooden frame 57. By providing the face plate 562, it is possible to prevent the wooden frame 57 from fading in the sun and absorbing condensation water.

[0041] A gap is provided between the wooden frame 57 and the mortar 54 and concrete exterior wall 10, and this gap is filled with foamed-in-place insulation material 55. By filling this gap with foamed-in-place insulation material 55, the window frames 511, 561 do not become thermal bridges, and internal condensation in winter can be prevented.

[0042] The blocking plate 61 is arranged over the indoor surface of the wooden frame 57 and the foamed-in-place insulation material 55 so as to block the space between the end faces 101, 102, 103 of the concrete exterior wall 10 and the face plate 562. As described above, the blocking plate 61 is made of the same material as the insulation plate 21, and can be attached to the wooden frame 57 using a blocking plate fastener 611 such as a screw. In addition, it is preferable that the blocking plate 61 is also adhered to the end faces 101, 102, 103 of the concrete exterior wall 10 using an adhesive. The blocking plate 61 has a thin thickness, which is not limited, and may be about 20 mm. In addition, the length may be the same as that of the insulation plate 21. By arranging the blocking plate 61, the unevenness on the indoor side of the foamed-in-place insulation material 55 can be closed.

[0043] Since the closing plate 61 is arranged with a thin thickness, the joint surface with the concrete exterior wall 10 is small, and since it has low water absorption and moisture permeability and is not easily affected by moisture (water vapor), and since there is no change in volume, there is no cross-sectional loss in the concrete exterior wall 10. Furthermore, since the closing plate 61, which is a heat insulating material, is arranged, surface condensation does not occur in summer, so deformation of the wooden frame 57 due to water vapor is unlikely to occur. Note that, since the face plate 562 is arranged on the window opening 11 side of the wooden frame 57, the amount of water vapor that reaches the wooden frame 57 from the window opening 11 side is small, and from this point of view as well, deformation of the wooden frame 57 due to water vapor is unlikely to occur.

[0044] On the indoor side of the blocking plate 61, resin mortar 62 is applied over the blocking plate 61 and a part of the concrete exterior wall 10 above it, preferably with mesh 621 embedded. Only resin mortar 62 is applied to other parts of the concrete exterior wall 10. Interior materials 63 such as wallpaper, plastering, and paint are arranged on the indoor side of the resin mortar 62. As the mesh 621, although it is not limited thereto, alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh or cotton cheesecloth that is generally used as an exterior material can be used. The resin mortar 62 with the mesh 621 embedded therein can suppress cracks in the resin mortar 62 and the interior material 63 between the concrete exterior wall 10 and the blocking plate 61. In addition, the blocking plate 61 has a high density, high compressive strength and / or high bending strength, and is in contact with the thin, elastic in-situ foamed insulation material 55, so there is little vibration.Furthermore, as mentioned above, it has low water absorption and moisture permeability and does not change in volume, which, combined with the characteristics of the concrete exterior wall 10 which is less prone to expansion and contraction due to temperature, contributes to suppressing cracks in the resin mortar 62 and interior material 63 between the concrete exterior wall 10 and the blocking plate 61.

[0045] Next, the structure of the lower part of the window opening 11 will be described with reference to FIG. 4, focusing on the water cutout 512. At the lower part of the window opening 11, the upper end surface 103 of the concrete exterior wall 10 is a downwardly inclined surface from the indoor side toward the outdoor side, and the heat insulating plate 21 is disposed on the outdoor side surface of the concrete exterior wall 10. As described above, the upper end of the heat insulating plate 21 is disposed in a state where it protrudes from the upper end surface 103 toward the window opening 11 side. Therefore, together with the backer 426 provided on the indoor side of the upper end of the heat insulating plate 21 as necessary, the heat insulating plate 21 can function as a flow stopper when filling the mortar 54. In addition, since the upper end surface 103 is an inclined surface, the workability when attaching the outer window frame 511 to the window opening 11 is good, the amount of mortar 54 to be filled can be reduced, and even if rainwater enters, it is easy to discharge to the outdoors.

[0046] At the bottom of the window opening 11, above the upper end surfaces of the heat insulating plate 21 and the heat insulating layer 22, a water cutter 512 is attached. The water cutter 512 has an inclined piece 512a that slopes downward from the lower end of the exterior side of the outer window frame 511 toward the exterior side, a horizontal piece 512c that extends horizontally below the inclined piece 512a, and a vertical piece 512b between the outdoor end of the inclined piece 512a and the outdoor end of the horizontal piece 512c. An angle piece 512d is provided at the indoor end of the horizontal piece 512c, and one piece (horizontal piece) of the angle piece 512d contacts the upper surface of the horizontal piece 512c and the other piece (downward piece) hangs down from the end of the horizontal piece 512c. The water cutter 512 is preferably made of a material with high corrosion resistance.

[0047] The lower end of the angle piece 512d is disposed on the upper end surface of the insulation layer 22, and an insulating packing material 213 is disposed between the downward piece of the angle piece 512d and the insulation plate 21. The insulating packing material 213 may be the same insulating material as the insulation plate 21, or may be any other insulating material as long as it has a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the insulation layer 22. The water cutout 512 is attached with a water cutout fastener 211 such as a screw that penetrates the angle piece 512d and the insulating packing material 213 and reaches the insulation plate 21. In conventional exterior wall structures, the water cutout is attached by welding, but in the exterior wall 1, since the insulation plate 21 with high density, high compressive strength and / or high bending strength is disposed on the outdoor side of the concrete exterior wall 10, the water cutout 512 can be easily attached to the insulation plate 21 with a water cutout fastener 211 such as a screw without using welding. A sealant 413 and a backer 423 are placed between the bottom surface of the horizontal piece 512c of the drip edge 512 and the upper ends of the exterior material 31 and the insulating layer 22 to ensure watertightness and maintain an aesthetic appearance. By placing the insulating packing material 213 between the angle piece 512d of the drip edge 512 and the insulating plate 21, the drip edge 512 does not move (especially in the left-right direction on the paper in FIG. 4), so that gaps between the sealant 413 and the drip edge 512 and the exterior material 31 can be prevented.

[0048] Next, the fire spread prevention device 33 that is preferably placed above the window opening 11 will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 shows the exterior wall 1 above the window opening 11, Fig. 6(A) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the exterior wall 1 above the window opening 11, Fig. 6(B) shows the positional relationship between the fire spread prevention device 33 and the insulating plate 21 as viewed from the outdoor side, and Fig. 6(C) is a perspective view of the fire spread prevention device 33. Note that, in order to simplify the drawing, mortar 54, sealing 411, backer 421, wooden frame 57, in-situ foamed insulation material 55, etc. are omitted in Fig. 6(A).

[0049] As shown in FIG. 6(C), the fire spread prevention device 33 is a metal member having a substantially L-shaped cross section and a horizontal piece 331 and a rising piece 332. As shown in FIG. 6(B), the length is preferably longer than the sum of the width of the window opening 11 and the width of the two heat insulating plates 21 arranged on both sides of the window opening 11. The horizontal piece 331 preferably has a width equal to the total thickness of the heat insulating plate 21, the heat insulating layer 22, and the exterior material 31. The rising piece 332 is preferably approximately equal in height to the height of the heat insulating plate 21, but is not limited thereto, and may have any height that allows it to be stably installed between the concrete exterior wall 10 and the heat insulating plate 21. The material is preferably a metal with a high melting point. The fire spread prevention device 33 is arranged so that the horizontal piece 331 contacts the lower end surfaces of the heat insulating plate 21, the heat insulating layer 22, and the exterior material 31, and the rising piece 332 is located between the heat insulating plate 21 and the concrete exterior wall 10.

[0050] The rising piece 332 is provided with an insertion hole 333 for inserting a screw for attaching the fire prevention device 33 to the concrete exterior wall 10, and an insertion hole 334 for inserting the heat insulation board fastener 211. The insertion hole 334 preferably has a vertical length corresponding to the distance between the two heat insulation board fasteners 211 so that the two upper and lower heat insulation board fasteners 211 shown in Fig. 6(A) can be inserted therein.

[0051] The fire spread prevention device 33 is fixed by fitting the rising piece 332 to the concrete exterior wall 10 so that the horizontal piece 331 faces the outdoors, and inserting a screw through the insertion hole 333. Next, the insulation board 21 is placed on the horizontal piece 331 and fitted to the rising piece 332, and the insulation board fixture 211 is inserted through the insertion hole 334 to attach the insulation board 21. Next, the insulation layer 22 is placed on the horizontal piece 331 so that it is fitted to the insulation board 21, and the insulation layer fixture 222 (FIG. 3) is used to attach the insulation board 21.

[0052] The fire prevention device 33 can prevent the spread of damage caused by fire. When a fire breaks out indoors, there is a risk that the flames erupting from the window opening 11 will spread to the insulating layer 22. In the event of such a fire, the fire prevention device 33 cooperates with the mortar 54 filled between the outer window frame 511 and the concrete exterior wall 10 to protect the insulating layer 22 from the flames, and also functions to hold the insulating plate 21 and the lower part of the insulating layer 22 even if they melt. In addition, when the insulating plate 21 is installed before the outer window frame 511 is installed, the fire prevention device 33 also has a function of protecting the insulating plate 21 from sparks generated when the outer window frame 511 is installed. Furthermore, the fire prevention device 33 serves as a border for the exterior material 31, contributing to improved design. [Explanation of symbols]

[0053] 1. Externally insulated buildings 10 Concrete exterior wall 101 Bottom surface of concrete exterior wall 102 Side end face of concrete exterior wall 103 Top surface of concrete exterior wall 11 Window opening 2. Insulation layer 21 Insulation board (first insulation layer) 211 Insulation board fixing device (first insulation layer fixing device) 213 Insulating packing material 22 Insulation layer (second insulation layer) 221 Notch 222 Insulation layer fixing device (second insulation layer fixing device) 23 Adhesive 3 Exterior 31 Exterior materials 311 Undercoat 312 Mesh 313 Topcoat 32 Air Layer 33 Fire prevention equipment (L-shaped) 331 horizontal piece 332 Vertical piece 333 Insertion hole 334 Insulation board fixing tool insertion hole 4 Waterproof 411, 412, 413, 414, 415 Sealing 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426 Backer 5 Window section 51 Exterior window 511 Exterior window frame 512 Drain 512a Slant piece 512b vertical piece 512c horizontal piece 512d Angle piece 513 Frame holder 514 Sealing receiver 515 Water drainage fixture 52 Support steel bar 53 Welding plate 54 Mortar 55 Foamed-in-place insulation (third insulation layer) 56 Inner Window 561 Inner window frame 562 Face plate 57 Wooden Frame 571 Groove 6. Interior 61 Blocking plate (fourth insulation layer) 611 Closure plate fixing device (fourth insulation layer fixing device) 62 Resin mortar 621 Mesh 63 Interior materials a) Space in conventional exterior wall structure

Claims

1. An exterior insulation exterior wall structure including a window opening, Concrete exterior walls and Mortar arranged in contact with the window opening side of the concrete exterior wall; An outer window frame arranged in contact with the window opening side of the mortar; A first insulation layer disposed across a portion of the exterior surface of the concrete exterior wall and a portion of the exterior surface of the mortar; a second insulation layer disposed to cover the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall; having The first insulation layer is formed of an insulation material having a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second insulation layer. Externally insulated exterior wall structure.

2. The first insulation layer is fixed by a first insulation layer fixing tool that penetrates the first insulation layer from the outdoor side and reaches into the exterior wall concrete. The externally insulated exterior wall structure according to claim 1 .

3. The second insulation layer is fixed by a second insulation layer fixing tool that penetrates the second insulation layer from the outdoor side and reaches into the first insulation layer. The external insulation exterior wall structure according to claim 1 .

4. An adhesive is disposed between the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall, between the second insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall, or between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, or a combination thereof; The external heat insulation exterior wall structure according to claim 2 or 3.

5. A sealant is disposed between the outdoor surface of the outer window frame and the indoor surface of the first insulation layer on the window opening side of the mortar. The externally insulated exterior wall structure according to claim 1 .

6. a wooden frame is disposed on the indoor side of the mortar and on the window opening side of the exterior wall concrete with a gap therebetween, and a third insulation layer is provided in the gap between the wooden frame and the mortar and the exterior wall concrete; The third insulation layer is formed by foamed-in-place insulation. The external insulation exterior wall structure according to claim 1 .

7. A fourth insulation layer is disposed across the wooden frame and the third insulation layer on the indoor side, The fourth insulation layer is formed of an insulation material having a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second insulation layer, and is fixed to the wooden frame by a fourth insulation layer fixing device. The externally insulated exterior wall structure according to claim 6.

8. Further comprising a water drain disposed above the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer at a lower portion of the window opening, The water cutter has an inclined piece that slopes downward toward the outdoor side, a horizontal piece that extends horizontally below the inclined piece, a vertical piece between the outdoor side end of the inclined piece and the outdoor side end of the horizontal piece, and an angle piece provided at the indoor side end of the horizontal piece, The insulating packing material is disposed between the angle piece and the first insulating layer, and is made of an insulating material having a higher density and a higher compressive strength and / or bending strength than the second insulating layer. The drain is fixed by a drain fixing tool that penetrates the angle piece and the insulating packing material and reaches the first insulating layer. The external insulation exterior wall structure according to claim 1 .

9. Further comprising an exterior material disposed on the outdoor side of the second insulation layer, and a sealing between the horizontal piece and the exterior material. The external insulation exterior wall structure according to claim 8.

10. Further comprising a fire prevention member having a substantially L-shaped cross section, The horizontal piece of the fire spread prevention member is in contact with the end surfaces of the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer on the window opening side, and the rising piece of the fire spread prevention member is arranged to be located between the first insulation layer and the concrete exterior wall. The external insulation exterior wall structure according to claim 1 .

11. The first insulation layer is formed of a high density bead method polystyrene foam insulation material, and the second insulation layer is formed of a bead method polystyrene foam insulation material. The external insulation exterior wall structure according to claim 1 .

Images