Vibration damping apparatus

Abstract

To provide a vibration damping apparatus in which miniaturization can be attained while maintaining high vibration damping capacity.SOLUTION: A vibration control device 1, which is installed on an installation surface 12 of a structure and suppresses horizontal vibration of the structure by tuning with the horizontal vibration of the structure, includes: a plurality of weights 2 arranged in series in a vertical direction; and a plurality of laminated rubber bearings 3 arranged in series in the vertical direction and provided between vertically adjacent weights 2 and between the lowermost weight 2 and the installation surface 12, each of which supports the vertically adjacent weights 2 and the lowermost weight 2 and the structure so as to be displaceable relative to each other in the horizontal direction. The vertically adjacent laminated rubber bearings 3 are connected via the weights 2, and the horizontal stiffness of each of the plurality of laminated rubber bearings 3 is set such that the displacement amount of each mass point in a primary deformation mode of the vibration control device in which the plurality of weights 2 serve as mass points falls within a range of ±10% of the displacement amount assumed when the primary deformation mode of the vibration control device is a linear mode.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration damping device. [Background technology]

[0002] Tuned mass dampers (TMDs), which are used in ultra-high rise buildings, are known as vibration control devices that add weights to the top of the building and use the weights to offset the swaying of the building. In recent years, in addition to the conventional wind-resistant TMDs that were designed to suppress wind-induced swaying, earthquake-resistant TMDs have been developed that are effective even when the building is subjected to large deformations such as earthquake motion, and these have already been adopted in many buildings. Note that with wind-resistant TMDs, the ratio of the weight's mass (M) to the equivalent mass (M) of the building is TMD ), or the mass ratio (μ), is less than 1%, whereas in earthquake-resistant TMDs, taking into consideration robustness in addition to the response reduction effect, the mass ratio (μ) is often set to 2% or more.

[0003] The larger the mass ratio (μ) of a TMD is, the higher the vibration control effect becomes. The additional damping constant h a can be calculated using the mass ratio μ as follows: a is roughly proportional to the square root of μ. h a ≒ 0.3√(μ) (1)

[0004] On the other hand, super high-rise buildings have a large building mass and a long building period, so the period must be lengthened to synchronize the TMD.To achieve a long period for the TMD, for example, laminated rubber bearings that support the weights of the TMD are arranged in multiple stages in the height direction (for example, see Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 1-105878 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Additional attenuation constant h a is roughly proportional to the square root of the mass ratio μ, so the additional damping constant h a To increase the mass of the TMD, the additional damping constant h a TMDs with large bearings are large and require a large installation space. Furthermore, in TMDs with laminated rubber bearings arranged in multiple stages vertically, multiple laminated rubber bearings are arranged one above the other, and frames made of steel or other materials are provided between adjacent laminated rubber bearings vertically, so space is also required in the vertical direction. However, rooftops where TMDs are typically installed often have other facilities and equipment installed, limiting the space available for installing the TMD; furthermore, restrictions on the maximum building height may also limit the height of the TMD.

[0007] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT EMBODIMENTS Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a vibration damping device that can be made compact while maintaining high vibration damping performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the vibration control device of the present invention is a vibration control device that is installed on the installation surface of a structure and suppresses horizontal vibrations of the structure in synchronization with the horizontal vibrations of the structure, the vibration control device having a plurality of weights arranged in series in the vertical direction, and a plurality of laminated rubber bearings that are arranged in series in the vertical direction and are provided between adjacent weights in the vertical direction and between the lowest installed weight and the installation surface, and support the adjacent weights and the lowest installed weight and the structure so that they can be displaced relative to each other in the horizontal direction, the vertically adjacent laminated rubber bearings being connected via the weights, and the horizontal rigidity of each of the plurality of laminated rubber bearings is set so that the displacement of each of the mass points in the primary deformation mode of the vibration control device, with the plurality of weights as mass points, is within a range of ±10% of the displacement when it is assumed that the primary deformation mode of the vibration control device is a linear mode.

[0009] In conventional vibration damping devices, where laminated rubber bearings are arranged in series in the vertical direction and a weight is placed only on top of the topmost laminated rubber bearing, a frame is provided between vertically adjacent laminated rubber bearings to connect them. In the present invention, the weights are arranged dispersedly in the vertical direction, and vertically adjacent laminated rubber bearings are connected via weights. Therefore, in the present invention, the topmost weight can be made smaller than in the above-mentioned conventional vibration damping devices, making it possible to reduce the size of the vibration damping device while maintaining high vibration damping performance. Since the horizontal stiffness of each of the multiple laminated rubber bearings is such that the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device is a linear mode or an approximately linear mode, the deformation of the laminated rubber bearings can be made uniform, and the deformation performance of the vibration damping device can be improved compared to when the primary deformation mode is not a linear mode or an approximately linear mode.

[0010] In the vibration damping device according to the present invention, a weight of each of the plurality of weights may be equal to or greater than 1 / 10 of a total weight of the plurality of weights.

[0011] With this configuration, the number and weight variations of the weights are limited, thereby achieving stable vibration damping performance.

[0012] The vibration damping device according to the present invention may have a regulating portion that regulates the amount of horizontal relative displacement between adjacent weights vertically and the amount of horizontal relative displacement between the lowest weight and the structure.

[0013] With this configuration, the deformation of the laminated rubber bearing can be limited to a predetermined range. For example, even if an earthquake beyond the expected magnitude occurs, the deformation of the laminated rubber bearing can be limited to a range in which the performance of the laminated rubber bearing is guaranteed.

[0014] The vibration damping device according to the present invention may attenuate the horizontal relative displacement between vertically adjacent weights and the horizontal relative displacement between the lowermost weight and the structure.

[0015] With this configuration, the relative horizontal displacement between adjacent weights above and below and the relative horizontal displacement between the lowest weight and the structure can be damped, thereby suppressing deformation of the laminated rubber bearing.

[0016] In the vibration damping device of the present invention, the planar shape of the weights at the upper side of the array among the multiple weights may be smaller than the outer shape of the weights at the lower side of the array, and may be positioned inside the outer shape of the weights at the lower side of the array when viewed from the vertical direction.

[0017] With this configuration, the area where the upper weight in the array, which has a larger amount of horizontal displacement when viewed from the top-down direction, is displaced can be placed inside the area where the lower weight is displaced, thereby reducing the surrounding clearance required when installing the vibration control device and enabling the installation space for the vibration control device to be reduced. Effect of the Invention

[0018] According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve a compact shape while maintaining high vibration damping performance. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] 1 is a side view of a vibration damping device according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] 3A and 3B are diagrams comparing the shapes and effective masses of the vibration damping device according to the first embodiment and a conventional vibration damping device. [Diagram 3] 1 is a diagram showing the specifications of the vibration damping device, the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device, and the deformation ratio of each stage when the horizontal rigidity of the laminated rubber bearings of each stage is the same. [Figure 4] This figure shows the specifications of the vibration damping device, the primary deformation mode, and the deformation of the vibration damping device and the deformation ratio of each stage when the horizontal rigidity of the laminated rubber bearings of each stage is adjusted so that the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device approaches the linear mode. [Diagram 5] 4 is a graph showing a range in which the first deformation mode of the vibration damping device is considered to be substantially linear. [Figure 6] 1 is a table showing specifications of a vibration control device used in the analysis. [Figure 7] 1 is a graph showing a primary deformation mode of a vibration damping device used in the analysis. [Figure 8] 1 is a graph showing the response deformation of a building equipped with a vibration control device. [Figure 9] 4 is a graph showing a response magnification of the vibration damping device according to the first embodiment and a conventional vibration damping device. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is a side view of a vibration damping device according to a second embodiment. [Figure 11] 1A is a diagram showing the deformation of the vibration damping device when there is no stopper, and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the deformation of the vibration damping device when there is a stopper. [Figure 12] 1 is a graph showing inter-story deformation of a vibration damping device with and without a stopper. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a side view of a vibration damping device provided with a damping material. [Figure 14] 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 13. [Figure 15] FIG. 11 is a side view showing a vibration damping device according to a modified example of the present embodiment. [Figure 16] 11 is a diagram showing a modification of the vibration damping device according to the modified example of the embodiment. FIG. [Figure 17] 13 is a modified view showing a vibration damping device in which the planar shape of the weight is the same. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] (First embodiment) Hereinafter, a vibration damping device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. As shown in Fig. 1, the vibration control device 1 according to this embodiment is a TMD that is installed on the top of a building (structure) such as a high-rise building, and that adds a weight 2 to the building and synchronizes the weight 2 with the building to control the vibration of the building. Vibration control devices are sometimes referred to as TMDs. In this embodiment, the vibration control device 1 is installed on a beam 11 installed on the roof of the building. The surface of the beam 11 on which the vibration control device 1 is installed is referred to as the installation surface 12. The beam 11 is fixed to the building via a column 13 installed on the roof of the building.

[0021] The vibration damping device 1 includes a weight 2 and a laminated rubber bearing 3 . A plurality of weights 2 are arranged in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, three weights 2 are arranged in the vertical direction. The three weights 2 are denoted as a first weight 21, a second weight 22, and a third weight 23 from bottom to top.

[0022] The laminated rubber bearings 3 are provided between the installation surface 12 and the first weight 21, between the first weight 21 and the second weight 22, and between the second weight 22 and the third weight 23. The laminated rubber bearing 3 provided between the installation surface 12 and the first weight 21 is referred to as the first laminated rubber bearing 31, the laminated rubber bearing 3 provided between the first weight 21 and the second weight 22 is referred to as the second laminated rubber bearing 32, and the laminated rubber bearing 3 provided between the second weight 22 and the third weight 23 is referred to as the third laminated rubber bearing 33. The laminated rubber bearings 3 connect the weights 2 arranged above and below each other or the weights 2 and the installation surface 12 so that they can be displaced relatively in the horizontal direction. In the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment, the weights 2 and the laminated rubber bearings 3 are provided in series in multiple stages. Hereinafter, the layer on which the laminated rubber bearings 3 are provided may be referred to as a stage.

[0023] The weight of the weight 2 is set to be 1 / 10 or more of the total weight of the three weights 21, 22, 23. For example, the weights of the first weight 21 and the second weight 22 are 230t, and the weight of the third weight 23 is 530t. The total weight of the three weights 21, 22, 23 is 990t (220t+220t+530t), and 1 / 10 of that is 99t. That is, the weight of each of the three weights 2 is 1 / 10 or more of the total weight of the three weights 21, 22, 23. In this embodiment, the third weight 23 is placed on a frame 23a. The first to third weights 21-23 have substantially the same shape in a plan view.

[0024] FIG. 2 shows the height dimensions and effective masses of a conventional vibration damping device 101 and the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment. In the conventional vibration damping device 101, three laminated rubber bearings 103 are provided in series in multiple stages. The three laminated rubber bearings 103 are denoted as a first laminated rubber bearing 131, a second laminated rubber bearing 132, and a third laminated rubber bearing 133 from bottom to top. In the conventional vibration damping device 101, a weight 102 is provided on the third laminated rubber bearing 133, and a frame 104 is provided between the first laminated rubber bearing 131 and the second laminated rubber bearing 132 and between the second laminated rubber bearing 132 and the third laminated rubber bearing 133 to connect the upper and lower laminated rubber bearings 103. The weight of the weight 102 is 900 t, and the weight of one frame 104 is 35 t. The frame 104 is made of steel or the like. In the conventional vibration damping device 101, the frame 104 is not provided as a weight, but the weight of one frame 104 is less than 97t, which is 1 / 10 of the combined weight of the weight 102 and the two frames 104, that is, 970t (900t+35t+35t).

[0025] The weight 102 is placed on a frame 102a in the conventional vibration damping device 101 as well. The frame 102a of the conventional vibration damping device 101 and the frame 23a of the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment are similar. In the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment, the first laminated rubber bearing 31 and the second laminated rubber bearing 32 are connected by a first weight 21, and the second laminated rubber bearing 32 and the third laminated rubber bearing 33 are connected by a second weight 22, and no frame is provided to connect the upper and lower laminated rubber bearings 3.

[0026] When the primary effective mass determined by eigenvalue analysis in the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment is made equivalent to the mass of the weight 102 of the conventional vibration damping device 101 and compared with the conventional vibration damping device 101 with the same vibration damping performance, it can be seen that the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment, which does not have a frame 104, can reduce the overall height of the device.

[0027] The horizontal stiffness of each of the first laminated rubber bearing 31, the second laminated rubber bearing 32, and the third laminated rubber bearing 33 is set so that the primary deformation mode (primary vibration mode) of the vibration damping device 1 is an approximately linear mode. The primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device 1 is a primary deformation mode with weights 21, 22, and 23 as mass points. The approximately linear mode indicates that the displacement amounts of the respective mass points in the linear mode and the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device are values ​​within a range of ±10% of the displacement amount when it is assumed that the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device is a linear mode.

[0028] Fig. 3 shows the specifications of the vibration damping device, the first deformation mode, a deformation diagram of the vibration damping device, and the deformation ratio of each stage (the story where the laminated rubber bearing 3 is provided) when the horizontal stiffness of each of the first laminated rubber bearing 31, the second laminated rubber bearing 32, and the third laminated rubber bearing 33 is set to be the same. Fig. 4 shows the specifications of the vibration damping device, the first deformation mode, a deformation diagram of the vibration damping device, and the deformation ratio of each stage when the horizontal stiffness of each of the first laminated rubber bearing 31, the second laminated rubber bearing 32, and the third laminated rubber bearing 33 is set so that the first deformation mode of the vibration damping device 1 is a linear mode. Fig. 5 shows the range when the first deformation mode (first eigenvector) of the vibration damping device 1 is an approximately linear mode.

[0029] A time history response analysis performed on a super-high rise building in which the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment is installed will be described with reference to FIGS. The first period of a super high-rise building is about 5 seconds. The input seismic wave is a Level 2 earthquake (notification Hachinohe NS phase). Figure 6 shows the specifications of the vibration control device 1. Figure 7 shows the first eigenmode (first deformation mode) of the vibration control device 1 obtained by eigenvalue analysis. The first eigenmode of the vibration control device 1 can be considered to be a nearly linear mode. As shown in Figure 8, it can be confirmed that the deformation of each stage of the vibration control device 1 of this embodiment is approximately equal, with the third stage from the bottom being 1813 mm, the second stage from the bottom being 1512 mm, and the first stage at the bottom being 1210 mm, with a difference of approximately 300 mm. The third stage above indicates the layer where the third laminated rubber bearing 33 is provided, the second stage indicates the layer where the second laminated rubber bearing 32 is provided, and the first stage indicates the layer where the first laminated rubber bearing 31 is provided.

[0030] Fig. 9 shows a graph comparing the response magnification of a conventional vibration control device (single mass TMD) and the vibration control device 1 of this embodiment in a super high-rise building with a period of approximately 5 seconds. As shown in Fig. 9, in the vicinity of the first period, it can be confirmed that the difference in the response magnification between the vibration control device 1 of this embodiment and the conventional vibration control device is small, and there is almost no difference in the response reduction effect.

[0031] Next, the action and effect of the vibration damping device 1 according to this embodiment will be described. In a conventional vibration damping device in which laminated rubber bearings are arranged in series in the vertical direction and a weight is placed only on top of the uppermost laminated rubber bearing, a frame is provided between vertically adjacent laminated rubber bearings to connect them. In the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment, the weights 2 are arranged dispersedly in the vertical direction, and vertically adjacent laminated rubber bearings 3 are connected via the weights 2. Therefore, in the vibration damping device 1 of this embodiment, the uppermost weight 2 can be made smaller than in the above-mentioned conventional vibration damping device, so that the vibration damping device 1 can be made more compact while maintaining high vibration damping performance. Since the horizontal stiffness of each of the multiple laminated rubber bearings 3 is such that the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device 1 is a linear mode or an approximately linear mode, the deformation of the laminated rubber of the laminated rubber bearings 3 can be made uniform, and the deformation performance of the vibration damping device 1 can be improved compared to a case where the primary deformation mode is not a linear mode or an approximately linear mode.

[0032] In the vibration damping device 1 according to the present embodiment, the weight of each of the weights 21-23 is equal to or greater than 1 / 10 of the total weight of the weights 21-23. With this configuration, the number and weight variations of the weights 21-23 are limited, thereby achieving stable vibration damping performance.

[0033] Second embodiment Next, a second embodiment will be described. The same or similar members and parts as those in the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description will be omitted. Only the configurations different from the first embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, in the vibration damping device 1B according to the second embodiment, stoppers 4 (regulating parts) are provided on each floor on which the laminated rubber bearings 3 are provided, as a fail-safe function against the response of the vibration damping device 1B that exceeds the expected value. The stoppers 4 are, for example, variable stiffness dampers for seismic isolation that are provided with tension rods with gaps. When a large earthquake that exceeds the expected value occurs, the stoppers 4 act with a set displacement to suppress the horizontal relative displacement between the installation surface 12 and the first weight 21, the horizontal relative displacement between the first weight 21 and the second weight 22, and the horizontal relative displacement between the second weight 22 and the third weight 23. FIG. 11 shows the displacement of the vibration damping device 1 without the stoppers 4 and the vibration damping device 1B with the stoppers 4.

[0034] In the vibration damping device 1B of the second embodiment, the provision of the stopper 4 makes it possible to suppress the deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 3 within a predetermined range. For example, even if an earthquake beyond expectations occurs, the deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 3 can be suppressed within a range in which the performance of the laminated rubber bearing 3 is guaranteed. This makes it possible to prevent the laminated rubber of the laminated rubber bearing 3 from breaking, or the laminated rubber bearing 3 from deforming unexpectedly, causing the vibration damping device 1B to collide with surrounding facility equipment.

[0035] Figure 12 shows the maximum response inter-story deformation when a Level 2 earthquake (notified Hachinohe NS phase) is input at three times the magnitude, for a super-high rise building equipped with a vibration control device without stoppers 4 and for a high rise building equipped with a vibration control device 1B with stoppers. The stoppers 4 are variable stiffness dampers for seismic isolation equipped with tension rods with gaps. The performance-guaranteed deformation of the laminated rubber was set to 300% of the total rubber thickness of 250 mm (250 mm x 3 = 750 mm). The maximum deformation of the laminated rubber bearing when a vibration control device without stoppers 4 is installed is 819 mm, which exceeds the performance-guaranteed deformation of the laminated rubber bearing. On the other hand, the maximum deformation when a vibration control device 1B with stoppers is installed is 715 mm, which does not exceed the performance-guaranteed deformation of the laminated rubber.

[0036] Although an embodiment of the vibration damping device according to the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, as in the vibration control device 1C shown in Figures 13 and 14, on the layer on which the laminated rubber bearings 3 are provided, damping materials 6 may be provided in parallel with the laminated rubber bearings 3 and the variable stiffness dampers for seismic isolation that serve as stoppers 4, to damp the horizontal relative displacement between adjacent weights 2 above and below and between the lowest weight 2 and the building. The damping materials 6 may be, for example, oil dampers, viscous dampers, steel dampers, or viscoelastic dampers. By providing the damping materials 6, the relative horizontal displacement between vertically adjacent weights 2 and the relative horizontal displacement between the bottom most weight 2 and the building can be damped, thereby suppressing deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 3. In the above embodiment, the first to third weights 21-23 have substantially the same shape in plan view. In contrast, as in the vibration damping device 1D shown in FIG. 15, the outer shape of the planar shape of the third weight 233 at the top of the array may be smaller than the outer shape of the planar shape of the second weight 232 below it, and the outer shape of the second weight 232 may be smaller than the outer shape of the planar shape of the third weight 233 at the bottom of the array. The third weight 233 and the second weight 232 are normally disposed inside the outer shape of the first weight 231 when viewed in the vertical direction. The weights 231-233 may be arranged like a pyramid so that they become smaller from the bottom to the top.

[0037] With this configuration, the area displaced by the upper weight in the array, which has a larger amount of horizontal displacement when viewed from the top-bottom direction, can be placed inside the area displaced by the lower weight, as shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 17 shows the displacement of a vibration damping device 1 in which the first to third weights 21-23 have substantially the same shape in plan view. As can be seen from Figs. 16 and 17, by making the outer shape of the upper weights smaller in plan view than the lower weights, the surrounding clearance required when installing the vibration damping device 1D can be reduced, and the installation space for the vibration damping device 1D can be reduced.

[0038] In the above embodiment, the weights 2 and the laminated rubber bearings 3 are each arranged in three stages in the vertical direction, but they may also be arranged in two stages or four or more stages. In the above embodiment, the vibration control device 1 is installed on a beam 11 provided on the roof of the building, but it may also be installed on the floor of the roof of the building, or may be installed inside the building.

[0039] The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are among the 17 international goals adopted at the United Nations Summit in September 2015. The vibration control device according to this embodiment can contribute to achieving one of the 17 SDGs goals, such as goal 9. "Create infrastructural foundations for industry and technological innovation." [Explanation of symbols]

[0040] 1,1B-1D Vibration control device 2,21,22,23 weight 3,31,32,33 Laminated rubber bearing 4 Stopper (regulating part) 6. Damping materials 11 Beam 12 Installation surface 21 1st spindle 22 Second weight 23 3rd spindle 31 First laminated rubber bearing 32 Second laminated rubber bearing 33 Third laminated rubber bearing 51 Weight 53 Damping Elements

Claims

1. A vibration control device that is installed on a mounting surface of a structure and suppresses horizontal vibration of the structure in synchronization with the horizontal vibration of the structure, A plurality of weights arranged in series in the vertical direction; a plurality of laminated rubber bearings that are arranged in series in the vertical direction and are provided between adjacent weights in the vertical direction and between the lowest weight and the installation surface, and support the adjacent weights in the vertical direction and the lowest weight and the structure so as to be displaceable relative to each other in the horizontal direction; The laminated rubber bearings adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are connected via the weights, A vibration damping device in which the horizontal rigidity of each of the multiple laminated rubber bearings is set so that the displacement of each of the multiple mass points in the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device, with the multiple weights as mass points, is set to a value within a range of ±10% of the displacement when the primary deformation mode of the vibration damping device is assumed to be a linear mode.

2. The vibration damping device according to claim 1 , wherein a weight of each of the plurality of weights is equal to or greater than 1 / 10 of a total weight of the plurality of weights.

3. 3. The vibration damping device according to claim 1, further comprising a restricting portion that restricts the amount of horizontal relative displacement between adjacent weights in the vertical direction and between the lowermost weight and the structure.

4. 3. The vibration damping device according to claim 1, further comprising a damping material that damps horizontal relative displacement between adjacent weights in the vertical direction and between the lowermost weight and the structure.

5. 3. A vibration damping device as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planar shape of the weights at the upper side of the array among the plurality of weights is smaller than the outer shape of the weights at the lower side of the array, and the weights are positioned inside the outer shape of the weights at the lower side of the array when viewed from the vertical direction.

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