Biomass high-hydrogen (H2) gas production method, biomass high-hydrogen (H2) gas production system method, biomass high-carbon monoxide (CO) gas production method and system method, biomass high-cnhm-based gas production method, biomass high-cnhm-based gas production system method, biomass high-nnhm-based gas production method, biomass high-nnhm-based gas production system method

Abstract

To make, in the present invention, "various unutilized biomass" capable of being utilized as an energy source, and "utilization with high energy be possible" since conventional utilization of biomass is mainly "utilization of thermal energy" and energy is "low".SOLUTION: "Various biomass on the earth" is turned into "an ultra-high temperature of 815°C or higher by composite energy", and is "gasified, liquefied, and solidified", so that the biomass is "true carbon-neutral" instead of conventional "fossil raw material".SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] Conventionally, the temperature in the lower part of the furnace was 600°C. In the present invention, the temperature in the lower part of the furnace is 815°C or higher. This reduces the amount of H in the gas generated in the lower part of the furnace. 2 This is a "biomass ultra-high temperature furnace" system that is characterized by having "high concentrations of gas, CO gas, and CnHm-based gases" and generating "high-calorie gas."

[0002] Up until now, biomass raw materials have mainly been used in furnaces that burn "wood" and "rice husks." This furnace inputs "charcoal," "firewood," and "room-temperature wood" as energy sources, and burns them by blowing air mainly from the bottom at a temperature of 400°C to 600°C. H is contained in the combustion gas. 2 , CO or CnHm gas is generated, and the gas is purified and used as a driving gas for automobile engines, and H 2 In the past, gas, CO gas, and CnHm gas were used. However, the energy sources were "low". The present invention is characterized by making it possible to use "diverse unused biomass" as an energy source, not limited to "charcoal, firewood, and room temperature wood", and "making it possible to use it with high energy".

[0003] This invention is patented as a method of blasting air using "composite energy" to make the temperature in the lower part of the furnace 815℃ or higher. "Composite energy" refers to a "biomass ultra-high temperature 815℃ or higher system" that blows in room temperature or high temperature air to the biomass by "blowing oxygen", "dehumidifying the air", "liquid, gas, or solid petroleum-based raw materials", "liquid, gas, or solid coal-based raw materials", "liquid, gas, or solid natural gas", "room temperature water or high temperature water", "solar energy such as sunlight and solar heat", and "solid, liquid, or gas that is another energy source". This invention is patented as a technology characterized by these technologies. "High temperature gas or liquid of 25℃ or higher using geothermal energy from volcanoes, etc., and high temperature geothermal energy" are also considered "composite energy" to "heat up biomass". In addition, by raising the temperature in the lower part of the furnace to an ultra-high temperature of 815℃ or higher, H is generated from the biomass. 2Gas, CO gas, CnHm gas or H 2 type liquid, CO type liquid, CnHm type liquid, H 2 We have patented a manufacturing system for producing solids such as CO, CnHm, etc. 2 Adding moisture to biomass to increase the production and generation of gas, CmHm, and NnHm is also considered "composite energy." Examples of the "composite energy of biomass" type of "diverse usable biomass" according to the present invention are given below. 1. Utilizing the combined energy of stumps and thick trees 2. Utilizing the combined energy of broadleaf trees, coniferous trees, bamboo, and thinned wood 3. Utilization of forest waste as a composite energy source 4. Utilization of waste wood from wood factories as a composite energy source 5. Utilization of composite energy from plant husks (rice husks, etc.) 6. Utilizing the composite energy of rotten wood 7. Utilization of composite energy from construction waste and demolition materials 8. Utilization of composite energy in furniture and tatami mats 9. Utilization of biomass as a composite energy source using preservatives and anti-termite treatments 10. Utilization of composite energy sources from materials containing biomass from food waste and discarded food 11. Utilization of composite energy from biomass that contains or has a large amount of metals, soil, etc. attached to it, and metal or soil materials 12. Utilization of sludge fuel and biomass (sludge from ponds, dams, and paddy fields) as combined energy sources 13. Utilizing cow dung, horse dung, human dung, etc. as combined energy sources 14. Utilization of other biomass and contaminants such as metals, sand, minerals, and coal and petroleum products as composite energy sources 15. Utilization of combined energy sources of water and biomass 16 Utilization of combined energy sources of water and coal and petroleum-based materials 17 Utilization of low-quality peat and petroleum-based waste for combined energy 18. Combined energy utilization of marine waste and marine drifting waste 19. Utilization of river waste as a composite energy source 20. Utilization of wastewater as a composite energy source 21. Utilization of wastewater as a composite energy source 22 Utilizing the composite energy of seawater 23. Utilizing River Water as a Combined Energy Source 24. Utilization of sewage waste as a composite energy source 25. Utilization of combined energy sources from nuclear waste, nuclear contaminated wastewater, etc. 26. Utilization of combined energy sources for chemicals and chemical wastewater 27 Utilization of fossil fuel waste (including waste plastic, waste oil, waste coal, etc.) as composite energy sources 28. Utilization of other waste materials as combined energy sources

[0004] The raw materials fed into this patent are mainly "biomass," with "biomass or 30% or more biomass," and "other liquid, solid, or gaseous raw materials" being mixed or separated with the biomass at 0 to 70% or more, which are then fed into the furnace, and the temperature of the other raw materials mixed with the biomass is controlled to an ultra-high temperature of 815°C or higher at the bottom of the furnace.

[0005] In order to keep the combustion temperature at the bottom of the furnace at "815°C or higher," air, or atmospheric room temperature air, is blown into the bottom of the furnace either alone or in combination with other gases, such as "high oxygen," "liquid energy" derived from coal and petroleum, "natural gas," or preheated ventilated air with a room temperature of 40°C or higher, to constantly maintain the temperature at the bottom of the furnace at "815°C or higher." The patent also features a "biomass ultra-high temperature lower furnace," a machinery and plant system that utilizes heat from geothermal or volcanic sources to heat the combined energy of the input air and biomass raw materials to high temperatures.

[0006] It can be used as a supplementary fuel when used for in-house power generation, in-house methane gas production, liquid production such as ammonia water, and solid production such as charcoal and smoked charcoal. The system is characterized by having a system that keeps the piping warm to prevent the gas temperature from dropping or the gas composition from changing.

[0007] Biomass raw materials are generally classified into the following forms: (a) Powdered biomass (b) Granular biomass (c) Solid biomass (d) Coarse biomass These are then "classified" or "mixed" into the "biomass ultra-high temperature lower furnace."

[0008] Biomass is classified or mixed into the following types based on its moisture content: (a) Charcoal, smoked charcoal, firewood with almost 0% moisture (b) Moisture content: 0.1% to 1% (C) Moisture content: 1% to 3% (D) Moisture content: 3% to 10% (E) Moisture content: 10% to 20% (F) Moisture content: 20% to 30% (G) High moisture content: 30% or more These can be "classified" or "mixed" and fed into the "biomass ultra-high temperature lower furnace."

[0009] In order to maintain stability in the "biomass ultra-high temperature lower furnace", the "composite energy for the biomass ultra-high temperature lower furnace" is input together with or separately from the blast air as described below. Complex energy inputs 1. Waste coal or coal-based materials Combined energy input 2. Coke 3. Petroleum waste Petroleum or petroleum-based waste Combined energy input 4. Biowaste Compound energy input 5. Unused coal such as fine coal and peat 6. Oil refinery waste liquid, solid and gaseous materials Combined energy inputs 7. Household waste 8. Agricultural products or wastes Combined energy inputs 9. Other wastes [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6206822 Multi-stage vertical furnace system [Patent Document 2] JP2004-155915 High-temperature melting and reduction gasification method for waste livestock products and their waste materials [Patent Document 3] JP2005-283072 Method for utilizing gasification melting furnace gas [Patent Document 4] JP2021-160072 Vertical furnace system for generating energy gas from a mixture of biomass and petroleum-based or coal-based liquid or solid materials [Patent Document 5] W2015 / 012302A1 Charcoal water gas production method and device, and fuel cell power generation system using the same production method and device [Non-patent literature]

[0011] [Non-Patent Document 1] Presentation materials for the Biomass Utilization Promotion Special Conference: Rice Gasification Power Generation Technology March 29, 2019 Yanmar Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Solution Promotion Office, Technology Development Department, Gasification Group Hiroaki Wakisaka [Non-Patent Document 2] Iron and Steel, No. 15, 1982, 68th year [Commentary] Brazilian Charcoal Steelmaking, 1982, ISIJ, Kawasaki Steel, Ryoichi Taniguchi, Yasufumi Serizawa [Non-Patent Document 3] Rice husk gasification power generation system in the Philippines Makoto Hoki [Non-Patent Document 4] [Paper] Development of CO2 reduction technology by using biomass in shaft furnace gasification and melting furnace ~Application of biomass chips and sludge fuel~ Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Engineering Technical Report Vol.6(2015)11 Koichi Noda et al. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0012] The use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas has caused global warming, marine pollution, air pollution, and land pollution. In order to maintain a "sustainable earth," it is urgent to build a new SGDs system that does not rely on fossil fuels. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] To do this, water (H 2 Hydrogen (H 2 ) is a "carbon neutral system" that focuses on the use of "carbon neutral" hydrogen (H 2 ), but also "carbon (C)" plays an important role. Therefore, not only hydrogen resources, which are mainly water, are the main focus of the SDGs, but carbon is also an important resource for the SDGs.

[0014] To obtain that carbon, it is important to utilize carbon resources from biomass. This patent is a "carbon neutral" patent for the next generation. (a) Carbon-neutral ironmaking process (b) Carbon Neutral Power Generation Act Effect of the Invention

[0015] This patent is characterized as being "true carbon neutral." Until now, "carbon neutral" has been achieved mainly through the use of water (H 2 O) by hydrogen (H 2 ) was a technology that aimed to achieve this goal. As a result, it lacked carbon (C), which is necessary for the production of steel. For example, iron products are "Fe-C," that is, "an alloy of iron atoms and carbon atoms," and require "carbon (C)." Therefore, "carbon neutral production of iron products" was "impossible with zero carbon." This invention is based on the concept of "hydrogen from biomass (H 2 ) and biomass carbon (C), making it truly carbon neutral. He also said, “Biomass was originally a raw material for [fossil fuels]. Therefore, biomass has also been the raw material for fossil fuels such as coal and oil. This invention is a truly carbon neutral alternative to the fossil fuels used up until now, by gasifying, liquefying, and solidifying the diverse biomass on Earth at ultra-high temperatures of over 815°C. The present invention is characterized by "heating biomass to an ultra-high temperature of 815°C or higher," "ultra-high temperature reduction melting gasification," and "ultra-high temperature reflux melting." [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] Relationship between furnace temperature (℃) and furnace H2+CO energy gas composition (%) [Diagram 2] Previous technologies for rice husk gasification power generation [Diagram 3] Gasifier: Rice husk gasification power generation system in the Philippines (by Makoto Hoki) [Figure 4] Charcoal water gas production method and device, and fuel cell power generation system using the same production method and device [Diagram 5] Relationship between biomass / coal / coke weight ratio and energy gas (CO+H2+CH4, etc.) concentration [Figure 6] Relationship between temperature at mid-height position and energetic gas (CO+H2+CH4, etc.) concentration [Figure 7] Relationship between furnace top temperature and energy gas (CO+H2+CH4, etc.) concentration [Figure 8] Gas Purification Equipment [Figure 9] Gas Purification Equipment [Figure 10] Gas Purification Equipment [Figure 11] Bio-high temperature furnace [Figure 12] Bio-high temperature furnace [Figure 13] Combined energy system and ultra-high temperature in the lower part of the furnace

[0017] [Table 1]

[0018] Table 1 shows the results of a "coke-burning blast furnace" that uses coal, a representative fossil fuel, as its raw material. The data is for a coke-burning blast furnace where the amount of coke used as a fossil fuel is reduced and "biomass chips" and sludge fuel are used instead.

[0019] When biomass chips were added, the reduction in coke consumption was only about 21g / t at maximum, which was very small. Most of the coke used was made from coal. This means that with previous blast furnace technology, the replacement of biomass was only slight.

[0020] [Table 2]

[0021] Table 2 provides information on charcoal ironmaking in Brazil.

[0022] As this document shows, in the past, blast furnaces for steelmaking were run using coal, coke, or charcoal as the main raw materials. This document uses charcoal, and the premise for blast furnaces has been that biomass, such as wood, is "pre-processed" into charcoal, i.e., "charcoalized." This invention is a patent that features a method of operating a blast furnace with 35% or more of coke, charcoal, or coal as the input weight ratio, thereby raising the temperature at the bottom of the furnace to 900°C or higher.

[0023] FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the furnace temperature (℃) and the furnace H 2 When the furnace temperature exceeds 815℃, the furnace H 2 +CO energy gas" rises, and when the furnace temperature exceeds 1050℃, "furnace H 2 +CO energy" is generated in a large and strong manner.

[0024] Figure 2 shows the current state of rice husk gasification power generation technology. "Rice husk gasification power generation technology (March 29, 2019, Yanmar Energy Systems Co., Ltd., Solution Promotion Office, Technology Development Department, Gasification Group, Hiroaki Wakisaka)"

[0025] This figure 2 shows the purpose of gasifying rice husks, generating gas, and generating electricity. The temperature inside the furnace is about 600℃ to 800℃. For example, if 1000 kg of rice husks are gasified per hour, the gas generated will be 1280 Mm. 3 / h, the power generation is 390kW, but there is a problem in that a large amount of rice husk char (incineration ash) is generated.

[0026] Figure 3 shows a rice husk gasification power generation technology used in the Philippines, where the temperature inside the furnace is approximately 600℃ to 800℃. In this diagram, as in Figure 4 above, there is a problem with the generation of incineration ash.

[0027] Figure 4 shows the method and equipment for producing charcoal water gas, and a fuel cell power generation system that uses the method and equipment. Fuel cells are classified into polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), depending on the type of electrolyte and the type of reforming material, and the latter has a higher operating temperature. The operating temperature range of this device is 800℃ to 900℃ in the "9 reduction layer".

[0028] This device also generates charcoal incineration ash in the "11 ash layer". As described above, in the equipment or system that produces energy gas using biomass (hereinafter referred to as bio) such as plants and wood as an energy source, incineration ash is generated, and there are problems with the processing of the incineration ash generated from the plants and charcoal, so the installation of a "final disposal site for incineration ash" facility or the installation and processing of processing equipment for the reuse of incineration ash poses major problems in terms of safety, hygiene, the environment, and processing costs, and has been a major obstacle and problem to the effective use of these plants, charcoal, etc. In the present invention, the generation of such incineration ash is eliminated, which will be a major leap forward in the bio-utilization of plants, charcoal, etc.

[0029] Figure 5 shows the relationship between the biomass / coal / coke weight ratio and energy gas (CO+H 2 )+CH 4 The relationship between the concentrations of various organic matter (such as corn, wheat, and so on) is shown. Biomass is a concept that represents biological resources (bio), and generally refers to "renewable, organic resources derived from living organisms, excluding fossil resources." There are three types of biomass: 1. waste biomass, 2. unused biomass, and 3. resource crops (plants cultivated for the purpose of producing energy or products). Waste biomass includes discarded kamio, livestock waste, food waste, construction wood, sawmill residue, and sewage sludge. Unused biomass includes rice straw, wheat straw, and rice husks, and resource crops include sugar cane and corn. Energy obtained from biomass is called bioenergy or biomass energy. Fuel made from biomass is called biofuel or eco-fuel.

[0030] This invention contributes to the global environmental problem by utilizing biomass energy instead of fossil fuels, and the ultra-high temperature furnace makes it possible to deal with various environmental problems such as the treatment of polluted water in rivers and coasts, the treatment of driftwood, the disposal of renewable energy devices (solar panels and decommissioned reactors), and the reuse of semiconductors. The main fossil fuels currently used are petroleum, coal, and natural gas. In recent years, the use of methane hydrate and shale gas has also begun to be considered. All of the above can be considered to be modern humans extracting and using ancient carbon compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and solar energy that were once stored in the bodies of living organisms.

[0031] When burned, these fuels produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SO 2 ) are generated. When these substances are released into the atmosphere, they are a factor in causing serious environmental problems such as global warming and air pollution, such as acid rain and respiratory diseases. In addition, since resource reserves are limited, sustainability is also an issue. Furthermore, rising fossil fuel prices have led to problems such as higher electricity prices and a decrease in gas stations.

[0032] Research is underway into renewable and new energy sources such as solar power, wind power, geothermal power, and biofuels (biomass), which are less likely to cause these environmental problems.

[0033] "Bio-ultra-high temperature furnace objective 1" Bioenergy gas (a) Hydrogen (H 2 )gas (b) Methane (CH 4 )gas (c) Ammonia (NH 4 )gas (D) Carbon monoxide (CO) gas (E) Other energy gases

[0034] "Bio-ultra-high temperature furnace objective 2" (a) Metal refining (b) Mineral melting and refining (C) Other melting and refining

[0035] "Bio-ultra-high temperature reactor purpose 3" power generation (a) Gas-fired power generation (b) Mineral melting waste heat power generation (c) Furnace waste heat power generation (d) Hydrogen methane and other gas-fired power generation

[0036] The "energy gas (CO + H)" at the "middle height" of the furnace, i.e., at the "half (50%)" position of the total furnace height 2 +CH 4 As shown in Figure 5, when the biomass weight ratio exceeds 30% at a temperature of 150°C at the mid-height position, the ratio of energy gas increases rapidly at the mid-height position of the furnace.

Claims

1. The present invention uses hydrogen (H ２ The main energy sources are biomass (H2O) and carbon (C), and the biomass is heated to a temperature of 815°C or higher in an ultra-high temperature furnace. The biomass is then "manufactured" and "produced and sold" by "machinery / plant" and "system". The biomass products are then consumed, used, and sold to customers in homes, offices, industry, transportation, and other places. For example, "Biomass High H ２ "Biomass gas", "biomass high CO gas", and "biomass high CnHm gas" are produced using these gases, and "biomass CnHm gas production", "production of CnHm liquid (ammonia water, urea water, etc.)", and hydrogen (H ２ " and carbon monoxide (CO)-derived "biomass methane (CH ４ ) production, nitrogen (N ２ ) and hydrogen (H ２ ) "Biomass Ammonia (NH ３ "Production of biomass ammonia water", "Production of iron oxide (FeO, Fe ２ O ３ , Fe ３ O ４ ) and H ２ , the production of "biomass iron" using CO, the "biomass smelting ironmaking method," the "biomass power generation method," "biomass power generation production," and the "biomass power generation system." All of these patents relate to the operation and operation systems for the machine plants, system manufacturing, assembly, and production. "Biomass smelting and ironmaking," "biomass power generation," "bioenergy gas," and other "biomass liquid (biomass oil)," "biomass gas (biomass natural gas)," and "biomass solid (biomass coal)" include the following.

1. Bio H ２ System-related solid materials 2. Bio-CmHm related solid substances 3. Bio-high hydrogen-related liquid substances 4. Bio-CnHm system related liquid substances 5. Bio-based coal-based materials (e.g. bio-nylon, bio-vinyl, bio-building materials, bio-plastics, bio-leather, bio-fibers, bio-toys, bio-paper, bio-paint, bio-energy, etc.) 6. Petroleum-related substances using biotechnology (e.g. bio-nylon, bio-vinyl, bio-building materials, bio-plastics, bio-leather, bio-fibers, bio-toys, bio-paper, bio-paint, bio-energy, etc.) 7. Bio-based natural gas materials (e.g. bio-nylon, bio-vinyl, bio-building materials, bio-plastics, bio-leather, bio-fibers, bio-toys, bio-paper, bio-paint, bio-energy, etc.) 8. Bio-based and other fossil fuel materials (e.g. bio-nylon, bio-vinyl, bio-building materials, bio-plastics, bio-leather, bio-fibers, bio-toys, bio-paper, bio-paint, bio-energy, etc.) 9. Bio and Others

2. The invention patents a method of blasting air using "composite energy" to make the temperature in the lower part of the furnace an ultra-high temperature furnace of 815°C or more. "Composite energy" refers to a "biomass ultra-high temperature 815°C or more system" that "blows oxygen into the "room temperature or high temperature" air blown into the biomass, "dehumidifies the air," "liquid, gas, or solid petroleum-based raw materials," "liquid, gas, or solid coal-based raw materials," "liquid, gas, or solid natural gas," "room temperature water or high temperature water," "solar energy such as sunlight and solar heat," and "solid, liquid, or gas that is another energy source." The invention patents technologies that feature these technologies. The use of "high temperature gas or liquid of 25°C or more using geothermal energy from volcanoes, etc., or high temperature geothermal energy" to "heat up biomass" is also considered "composite energy." In addition, by raising the temperature in the lower part of the furnace to an ultra-high temperature of 815°C or more, H is extracted from the biomass. ２ gas, CO gas, CnHm gas or H ２ system liquid, CO system liquid, CnHm system liquid, H ２ We have patented a production system for producing solids such as CO, CnHm, etc. We also have a patent for a production system for producing H from water and waste materials. ２ Adding moisture to biomass to increase the production and generation of gas, CmHm, and NnHm is also considered "complex energy." Examples of the "composite energy of biomass" type of "diverse usable biomass" according to the present invention are given below.

1. Utilizing the combined energy of stumps and thick trees 2. Utilizing the combined energy of broadleaf trees, coniferous trees, bamboo, and thinned wood 3. Utilization of forest waste as a composite energy source 4. Utilizing waste materials from wood factories as a composite energy source 5. Utilization of composite energy from plant husks (rice husks, etc.) 6. Utilizing the composite energy of rotten wood 7. Utilization of composite energy from construction waste and demolition materials 8. Utilization of composite energy in furniture and tatami mats 9. Utilization of biomass as a composite energy source using preservatives and anti-termite agents 10. Utilization of composite energy sources made from materials containing biomass from food waste and discarded food 11. Utilization of composite energy from biomass that contains or has a large amount of metals, soil, etc. attached to it, and metals or soil materials 12. Utilization of sludge fuel and biomass (sludge from ponds, dams, and paddy fields) as composite energy sources 13. Utilizing cow dung, horse dung, human dung, etc. as combined energy sources 14. Utilization of other biomass and contaminants such as metals, soil, minerals, and coal and petroleum products as composite energy sources 15. Utilization of combined energy sources of water and biomass 16. Utilization of combined energy sources of water and coal and petroleum-based materials 17. Utilization of low-quality peat and petroleum-based coal waste for combined energy 18. Utilization of marine waste and marine drifting waste as composite energy sources 19. Utilization of river waste as a composite energy source 20. Utilization of wastewater as a composite energy source 21. Utilization of wastewater as a composite energy source 22. Utilizing the composite energy of seawater 23. Utilizing River Water as a Multi-Energy Source 24. Utilization of sewage waste as a composite energy source 25. Utilization of nuclear waste, contaminated wastewater, etc. as combined energy sources 26. Utilization of chemicals and chemical wastewater as a composite energy source 27. Utilization of fossil fuel waste (including waste plastic, waste oil, waste coal, etc.) as composite energy sources 28. Utilization of other waste materials as combined energy sources

3. The raw materials fed into this patent are mainly "biomass," with "biomass or 30% or more biomass," and "other liquid, solid, or gaseous raw materials" mixed or separated with the biomass at 0 to 70% or more, which are then fed into the furnace, and the temperature of the lower part of the furnace is controlled to an ultra-high temperature of 815°C or more for the other raw materials to be mixed with the biomass.

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