Method for constructing masonry material

Abstract

To improve joint strength between masonry materials, prevent damage to outer surfaces of the masonry materials caused by mortar squeeze-out, and improve workability.SOLUTION: A method for constructing blocks 10 comprises: a mortar filling step of filling mortar 40 into a horizontal cavity portion 12 of an upper surface 11 of a lower block 10 and an upper space S formed between upper surface upper portions 13 connected upwardly to the horizontal cavity portion 12; and a masonry step of stacking the upper block 10 from above onto the lower block 10 filled with the mortar 40 to bring a lower surface lower portion 24 of the upper block 10 into close contact with the mortar 40.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing masonry materials. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, as masonry materials, architectural concrete blocks (JIS A 5406) ​​and the like have been known. As shown in FIG. 8, a groove-shaped horizontal cavity 112 is provided on the upper surface of a concrete block (hereinafter, block 110) at the center of the thickness direction (left-right direction in FIG. 8) of the block 110 and extends along the width direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 8) of the block 110. When laying the blocks 110, a worker lays joint mortar 140 on both sides of the upper surface of the lower block 110 in the thickness direction. The worker forms the joint mortar 140 by using a trowel to form the mortar into a rod shape. Next, the worker lays the upper block 110 from above on the lower block 110 on which the joint mortar 140 has been laid. As a result, the joint mortar 140 is crushed by the upper and lower blocks 110. Then, the upper and lower blocks 110 are joined via the crushed joint mortar 140.

[0003] Also, for example, there is a concrete block (hereinafter, block) described in Patent Document 1. The upper surface of the block described in Patent Document 1 is provided with upper surface upper step portions located at both ends in the thickness direction, and an upper surface lower step portion located between the upper surface upper step portion and the V-shaped groove corresponding to the horizontal cavity portion and forming a step with both the upper surface upper step portion and the V-shaped groove. The lower surface of the block is provided with lower surface upper step portions provided at both ends in the thickness direction and at positions corresponding to the upper surface upper step portions, and a lower surface lower step portion located between the lower surface upper step portions in the thickness direction and protruding downward. A worker piles joint mortar on the upper surface lower step portion of the block, and stacks the upper block from above on the lower block on which the joint mortar has been piled. As a result, the joint mortar is crushed by the upper surface lower step portion of the lower block and the lower surface lower step portion provided on the lower surface of the upper block. Then, the upper and lower blocks are joined via the crushed joint mortar. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2007-291622 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the above-mentioned work of forming the rod-shaped joint mortar and piling the joint mortar on the top surface of the block is difficult for workers with little experience. Therefore, the above work takes a lot of time. In addition, if the diameter of the joint mortar is too large, the mortar is crushed by the upper and lower blocks and protrudes to the outside, and the protruding mortar causes a problem of staining the outer surface of the block. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Various aspects of a masonry construction method for solving the above problems will be described. [Aspect 1] A method for constructing masonry by laying a plurality of masonry members and bonding the masonry members to each other with mortar, comprising the steps of: When the width direction, thickness direction, and vertical direction of the masonry material are simply the width direction, thickness direction, and vertical direction, respectively, The upper surface of the masonry material is provided with a groove-shaped horizontal hollow portion extending along the width direction at the center of the thickness direction, an upper surface upper step portion located at both ends in the thickness direction, and an upper surface lower step portion located between the upper surface upper step portion and the horizontal hollow portion and forming a step with both the upper surface upper step portion and the horizontal hollow portion, The lower surface of the masonry material is provided with a lower surface upper step portion provided at both ends in the thickness direction at a position corresponding to the upper surface upper step portion, and a lower surface lower step portion located between the lower surface upper steps in the thickness direction and protruding downward, A mortar filling process for filling the horizontal cavity portion and the upper space formed between the upper surface upper portions of the upper surface of the lower masonry material with mortar, the upper surface of the upper surface of the masonry material being connected upward to the horizontal cavity portion; A masonry process in which the upper masonry material is laid from above on the lower masonry material filled with the mortar, thereby bringing the lower surface lower portion of the upper masonry material into close contact with the mortar. Masonry construction methods.

[0007] According to this method, the lower part of the lower surface of the upper masonry material is in close contact with the mortar filled in the horizontal cavity and upper space of the upper surface of the lower masonry material. In particular, the mortar is crushed effectively between the lower part of the upper surface of the lower masonry material and the lower part of the lower surface of the upper masonry material, because the vertical gap between them is smaller than in other parts. The upper and lower masonry materials are thus bonded together via the crushed mortar. This improves the bond strength between the masonry materials.

[0008] In addition, because no bar-shaped joint mortar is applied to the upper part of the upper surface of the masonry, the mortar is prevented from spilling out from between the upper part of the upper surface and the upper part of the lower surface, which prevents the outer surface of the masonry from being soiled due to the spilling of mortar.

[0009] Furthermore, since it is only necessary to fill the horizontal cavity and the upper space with mortar, it is not necessary to carry out the highly difficult work of forming rod-shaped joint mortar and piling the joint mortar on the upper surface of the lower masonry material. This improves workability.

[0010] [Aspect 2] In the mortar filling step, the mortar is filled so that the upper surface of the mortar is flush with the upper surface upper step portion. 2. A method of constructing the masonry material of embodiment 1.

[0011] This method allows workers to easily grasp the approximate amount of mortar to be filled, which further improves workability. [Aspect 3] The masonry material has a vertical cavity portion extending in the vertical direction and opening only on the lower surface of the masonry material. 3. A method for constructing the masonry material of claim 1 or 2.

[0012] According to this method, the masonry material has a vertical hollow portion, so that the weight of the masonry material can be reduced. Effect of the Invention

[0013] According to the present invention, the bonding strength between the masonry materials is improved, and the staining of the outer surfaces of the masonry materials caused by the overflow of mortar can be suppressed. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the workability is improved. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a block of masonry material in one embodiment of a masonry construction method. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the block of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the block of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the block of FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a side view of the block of FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a side view showing a construction method for the block of FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a side view showing a block of a modified example. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a side view showing a conventional block construction method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] An embodiment will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 6. In this embodiment, a masonry construction method is embodied as a construction method for a concrete block for construction (hereinafter, block 10).

[0016] <Block 10> First, the configuration of the block 10 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1, the block 10 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. In the following description, the up-down direction in the position (see FIG. 1) when the block 10 is laid is referred to as the up-down direction Z.

[0017] 1 and 2, the top surface 11 of the block 10 is rectangular in plan view and has long and short sides. In the following description, the long and short side directions of the top surface 11 are respectively referred to as a width direction X and a thickness direction Y.

[0018] As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5, a top surface 11 of a block 10 is provided with a horizontal cavity portion 12, a top surface upper step portion 13, a top surface lower step portion 14, and a step surface 15. The lateral cavity 12 is in the form of a groove extending along the width direction X at the center in the thickness direction Y of the upper surface 11 .

[0019] The upper surface upper stage portions 13 are located on both ends in the thickness direction Y. The upper surface upper stage portions 13 are surfaces extending along both the width direction X and the thickness direction Y. The upper surface lower step portion 14 is located between the upper surface upper step portion 13 and the horizontal hollow portion 12, and forms a step with both the upper surface upper step portion 13 and the horizontal hollow portion 12. The upper surface lower step portion 14 is located below the upper surface upper step portion 13 and above the horizontal hollow portion 12. The upper surface lower step portion 14 is a surface along the width direction X. Furthermore, the upper surface lower step portion 14 is slightly inclined with respect to a virtual axis (schematically omitted) extending along the thickness direction Y so that it is located lower toward the inside of the thickness direction Y (see FIG. 5).

[0020] The step surface 15 is provided between the upper surface upper step portion 13 and the upper surface lower step portion 14. The step surface 15 is a surface along the width direction X. The step surface 15 is slightly inclined with respect to a virtual axis (not shown) extending along the up-down direction Z so that the lower side is positioned more inward in the thickness direction Y.

[0021] As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a lower surface 21 of the block 10 is provided with a lower surface upper step portion 23 and a lower surface lower step portion 24. The lower surface upper step portions 23 are provided at both ends in the thickness direction Y, at positions corresponding to the upper surface upper step portions 13. The lower surface upper step portions 23 are surfaces extending along both the width direction X and the thickness direction Y.

[0022] The lower surface lower step portion 24 is located between the lower surface upper step portions 23 in the thickness direction Y and protrudes downward. The lower surface lower step portion 24 is a surface along both the width direction X and the thickness direction Y.

[0023] 1 to 5, end vertical hollow portions 32 are provided in side surfaces 31 located at both ends in the width direction X of the block 10. The end vertical hollow portions 32 are groove-shaped and extend along the up-down direction Z at the center of the side surfaces 31 in the thickness direction Y.

[0024] As shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the block 10 is provided with vertical cavities 33, 34 extending in the up-down direction Z at the center of the thickness direction Y. In this embodiment, three vertical cavities 33, 34 are provided at intervals from each other in the width direction X. Of the vertical cavities 33, 34, the vertical cavities 33 located on both sides are open only to the lower surface 21 of the block 10. Of the vertical cavities 33, 34, the vertical cavity located in the center (hereinafter, the central vertical cavity 34) is a through hole that is open to both the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 21 of the block 10.

[0025] Next, with reference to FIG. 6, a method of constructing a masonry structure by laying a plurality of blocks 10 and bonding the blocks 10 to each other with mortar 40 will be described. Mortar 40 is filled into the horizontal cavity 12 on the upper surface 11 of the central block 10 shown in Figure 6 and into the upper space S that is connected upward to the horizontal cavity 12 and is formed between the upper surface upper portions 13 (this is the mortar filling process).

[0026] In the mortar filling step, it is preferable to fill the mortar 40 so that the upper surface 41 of the mortar 40 is flush with the upper surface upper portion 13. Prior to the mortar filling step, horizontal reinforcements 50, which are reinforcing bars extending along the width direction X, are accommodated in the horizontal cavity 12 as necessary. The horizontal reinforcements 50 extend across the horizontal cavity portions 12 of adjacent blocks 10 in the width direction X. The "middle block 10" corresponds to "the lower masonry material" in the "Means for solving the problem" section.

[0027] Next, the upper block 10 is laid from above on the central block 10 filled with mortar 40, so that the lower surface lower portion 24 of the upper block 10 is in close contact with the mortar 40 (this is the laying step).

[0028] Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 6, the entire lower surface lower stage 24 of the central (upper) block 10 is in close contact with the mortar 40 filled in the horizontal cavity 12 and upper space S of the upper surface 11 of the lower (center) block 10. In particular, the mortar 40 is suitably crushed between the upper surface lower stage 14 of the lower (center) block 10 and the lower surface lower stage 24 of the central (upper) block 10, since the vertical gap is smaller than in other parts. The upper and lower blocks 10 are thus joined via the crushed mortar 40. This improves the joining strength between the blocks 10.

[0029] At this time, a part of the mortar 40 filled in the horizontal cavity 12 of the lower (center) block 10 and the upper space S connected upward to the horizontal cavity 12 and formed between the upper surface upper sections 13 enters the vertical cavities 33, 34 of the center (top) block 10, thereby increasing the contact area between the mortar 40 and the center (top) block 10. This further improves the bonding strength between the blocks 10.

[0030] In addition, since no rod-shaped joint mortar 40 is piled on the upper surface upper stage 13 of the upper surface 11 of the block 10, the mortar 40 is prevented from spilling out from between the upper surface upper stage 13 and the lower surface upper stage 23. This makes it possible to prevent the outer surface of the block 10 from being soiled due to the spillage of mortar 40.

[0031] Furthermore, since it is only necessary to fill the horizontal cavity 12 and the upper space S with mortar 40, there is no need for difficult work such as forming rod-shaped joint mortar and piling the joint mortar on the upper surface upper part 13 of the lower (center) block 10. This improves workability.

[0032] Next, the effects of this embodiment will be described. (1) The construction method for masonry materials includes a mortar filling process and a masonry process. According to this method, the above-mentioned effects are achieved, so that the bond strength between the blocks 10 is improved and staining of the outer surfaces of the blocks 10 caused by the protrusion of the mortar 40 can be suppressed. Furthermore, workability is improved.

[0033] (2) In the mortar filling step, mortar 40 is filled so that upper surface 41 of mortar 40 is flush with upper surface upper portion 13. According to this method, the worker can easily grasp the approximate amount of mortar 40 to be filled, which further improves workability.

[0034] (3) The block 10 has a vertical cavity 33 that extends in the up-down direction Z and is open only to the lower surface 21 of the block 10 . According to this method, the block 10 has the vertical cavity 33, so that the weight of the block 10 can be reduced. Furthermore, the vertical cavity 33 is open only to the lower surface 21 of the block 10, i.e., it does not communicate with the horizontal cavity 12. Therefore, the mortar 40 filled in the horizontal cavity 12 does not flow into the vertical cavity 33 of the lower (center) block 10. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an increase in the amount of mortar 40 used.

[0035] <Modification> This embodiment can be modified as follows: This embodiment and the following modifications can be combined with each other to the extent that there is no technical contradiction.

[0036] 7, the block 10 may have an upper surface upper stage 13 provided with grooves 13a extending along the width direction X, and an upper surface upper stage 23 provided with protrusions 23a extending along the width direction X. The tips of the protrusions 23a are received in the grooves 13a. The labyrinth structure formed by the grooves 13a and the protrusions 23a further prevents the mortar 40 from spilling out to the outside. [Explanation of symbols]

[0037] 10,110…block 11…Top surface 12,112…Horizontal cavity 13…Top surface upper section 13a…concave groove 14…Top surface lower section 15...Step surface 21…Bottom surface 23…Bottom surface upper part 23a...projection 24...Lower surface lower section 31...Side 32...End vertical cavity 33…Vertical cavity 34…Central vertical cavity 40,140…Mortar 41…Top surface 50…Horizontal stripes

Claims

1. A method for constructing masonry by laying a plurality of masonry members and bonding the masonry members to each other with mortar, comprising the steps of: When the width direction, thickness direction, and vertical direction of the masonry material are simply the width direction, thickness direction, and vertical direction, respectively, The upper surface of the masonry material is provided with a groove-shaped horizontal hollow portion extending along the width direction at the center of the thickness direction, an upper surface upper step portion located at both ends in the thickness direction, and an upper surface lower step portion located between the upper surface upper step portion and the horizontal hollow portion and forming a step with both the upper surface upper step portion and the horizontal hollow portion, The lower surface of the masonry material is provided with a lower surface upper step portion provided at both ends in the thickness direction at a position corresponding to the upper surface upper step portion, and a lower surface lower step portion located between the lower surface upper steps in the thickness direction and protruding downward, A mortar filling process for filling the horizontal cavity portion and the upper space formed between the upper surface upper portions of the upper surface of the lower masonry material with mortar, the upper surface of the upper surface of the masonry material being connected upward to the horizontal cavity portion; A masonry process in which the upper masonry material is laid from above on the lower masonry material filled with the mortar, thereby bringing the lower surface lower portion of the upper masonry material into close contact with the mortar. Masonry construction methods.

2. In the mortar filling step, the mortar is filled so that the upper surface of the mortar is flush with the upper surface upper step portion. A method for constructing the masonry material according to claim 1.

3. The masonry material has a vertical cavity portion extending in the vertical direction and opening only on the lower surface of the masonry material. A method for constructing the masonry material according to claim 1 or 2.

Images