Timber frame construction element and building

Abstract

The invention relates to a building element (1) with a rectangular wooden frame (2) having four wooden frame beams (4) which, when the building element (1) stands vertically on a horizontal base (3), form a vertical left frame beam (4l), a vertical right frame beam (4r), a horizontal upper frame beam (4o) and a horizontal lower frame beam (4u), and with at least one wooden support beam (5) which is arranged in the wooden frame (2) such that it extends between the left frame beam (4l) and the right frame beam (4r) from the lower frame beam (4u) to the upper frame beam (4o), wherein the respective support beam (5) is fastened to the adjacent vertical beams (4, 5) by means of a plurality of wooden connecting rods (6) which extend horizontally when the building element (1) is standing. Improved stability can be achieved by forming several compartments (7) filled with straw (8) in the wooden frame (2), the straw (8) being compressed in the respective compartment (7).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a building element in timber frame construction and to a building equipped with at least one such building element.

[0002] Building elements are often configured as wall elements and can be used to create both load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls within a building. In particular, building elements intended for load-bearing walls must meet a wide range of regulations and specifications. For example, load-bearing walls must be highly stable against vertical compressive loads in order to support the weight of a building. Furthermore, load-bearing exterior walls must be sufficiently stable against horizontal transverse loads, for example, to be able to withstand wind loads on the building. Exterior walls of a building must also have a high level of thermal insulation. Further requirements include soundproofing and the creation of a comfortable living environment. Added to this are newer demands regarding the sustainability of building elements, particularly the requirement for complete recyclability of the building elements.Among other things, it is required that all building components' materials can be recycled. Furthermore, the building components should be as inexpensive as possible to enable cost-effective construction.

[0003] A promising approach is seen in a combination of wood and straw. For example, AT 510 797 A1 describes a timber frame construction element in which a wooden frame is formed from web beams, into which prefabricated straw bales are clamped as insulation and then poured with a hardening clay mass. For this purpose, straw bales pre-tensioned with cords are used. After being inserted into the wooden frame, the cords are removed so that the pre-tensioned straw can expand and rest on the web beams. For high thermal insulation, the straw bales are inserted into the wooden frame in such a way that the straw bales' stalks run parallel to the frame plane. Sufficient stability of the structural element is achieved with the help of diagonal formwork made of wooden boards attached to the web beams.

[0004] The present invention addresses the problem of providing an improved or at least a different embodiment for such a building element or for a building equipped therewith, which is characterized by inexpensive production, usability as a load-bearing wall and high degree of recyclability.

[0005] This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0006] The invention is based on the general idea of ​​forming several compartments in a wooden frame using at least one support beam and several connecting rods. The straw is compressed in each compartment so that the straw fulfills a load-bearing function within the structural element. The load-bearing function of the compressed flow stiffens or stabilizes the wooden frame and thus the structural element. In this way, a sufficiently stable structural element can be provided with comparatively little wood, which can be used in a building, in particular as a load-bearing wall. By creating a load-bearing function for the straw through its compression, the structural element requires comparatively little wood.

[0007] In particular, formwork to stabilize the building element is dispensed with. Since straw, especially construction straw, is comparatively inexpensive, the building element can be constructed cost-effectively. Furthermore, straw is an agricultural byproduct that is produced several times a year and can therefore be produced sustainably. The high degree of recyclability of wood and straw is also obvious.

[0008] Specifically, the invention proposes a timber frame construction element comprising a rectangular timber frame having four timber frame beams which, when the element is standing vertically on a horizontal base, form a vertical left frame beam, a vertical right frame beam, a horizontal upper frame beam, and a horizontal lower frame beam. Furthermore, the element comprises at least one wooden support beam arranged in the timber frame such that, when the element is standing, it extends between the left frame beam and the right frame beam from the lower frame beam to the upper frame beam, so that, when the element is standing, the upper frame beam is supported on the lower frame beam via the respective support beam.Each support beam is attached to two vertical beams by means of several wooden connecting rods, which extend horizontally when the structural element is standing. These vertical beams extend vertically on either side of the support beam and are horizontally spaced from the respective support beam. These vertical beams adjacent to the respective support beam can be the left frame beam, the right frame beam, or another support beam. Accordingly, the respective support beam is attached via the connecting rods either to the left frame beam and the right frame beam, or to the left frame beam and another support beam, or to the right frame beam and another support beam, or to two other support beams.Furthermore, several compartments are formed in the wooden frame, which are bounded at the top by the upper frame beam or by at least one connecting rod, at the bottom by the lower frame beam or by at least one connecting rod, to the left by the left frame beam or by the respective support beam, and to the right by the right frame beam or by the respective support beam. At least one of these compartments is filled with straw, the straw being compressed in the respective compartment to a density of at least 130 kg / m³. 3 This means that the density of the straw in each compartment is higher than within straw bales available as building straw. In conventional straw bales, the straw is pre-tensioned with cords so that the straw within the bale has a density of between 85 kg / m 3 and 115 kg / m 3 sets.

[0009] In this context, density is understood as the mass per unit volume or the weight per volume, which can also be referred to as bulk density.

[0010] Straw is a collective term for threshed and dry stalks and leaves of cereals, wild plants, fiber plants and pulses.

[0011] Investigations by the applicant show that at a density of the compressed stream in the respective compartment of at least 130 kg / m 3 , in particular of at least 140 kg / m 3 and preferably at least 150 kg / m 3 , particularly good values ​​for the stiffening and stabilization of the structural element can be achieved. Accordingly, according to a preferred embodiment, the compressed straw in the respective compartment can have a density of at least 140 kg / m 3 or at least 150 kg / m 3 or at least 160 kg / m 3 has.

[0012] It may be appropriate to fill several or all of the compartments of the structural element with compressed straw. The more compartments filled with compressed straw, the better the stability and rigidity of the structural element.

[0013] The connecting rods can be arranged in such a way that the compartments form a checkerboard pattern. Thus, several rows, each with several compartments, can be arranged one above the other in the component.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment, the compressed straw in the respective compartment can have a maximum moisture content of 30 percent by weight, or in short, % by weight. Limiting the maximum moisture content of the compressed straw is beneficial for a pleasant indoor climate and for protection against mold growth. In this context, moisture is primarily water, so the moisture content of the straw essentially corresponds to the water content of the straw.

[0015] A configuration in which the compressed straw in the respective compartment has a moisture content of not more than 25 wt.% or not more than 20 wt.% or not more than 18 wt.% or not more than 15 wt.% is preferred.

[0016] Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that the compressed straw in the respective compartment has a moisture content of at least 10% by weight, for example to avoid a hygroscopic effect of the straw, which can lead to a dry indoor climate.

[0017] In the present context, a ‘configuration’ corresponds to a ‘design’ and / or a ‘means’ and / or a ‘programming’, so that the expression ‘configured so that’ is synonymous with the expression ‘designed so that’ and / or ‘arranged so that’ and / or ‘programmed so that’.

[0018] The rectangular structural element defines a longitudinal or width direction, a transverse or depth direction, and a height direction that run perpendicular to each other. In a standing structural element, i.e., a structural element standing vertically on a horizontal surface, the height direction runs vertically, while the width and depth directions run horizontally. The structural element can be advantageously configured flat, so that the structural element's height and width dimensions are significantly larger, at least five times larger, than its depth dimensions.

[0019] According to an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the compressed straw in the respective compartment is compressed transversely to the depth direction of the building element. The compression transversely to the depth direction creates a prestress in the straw, which is also oriented transversely to the depth direction, so that the straw is supported at the boundaries of the respective compartment in a prestressed manner transversely to the depth direction. The boundaries of the respective compartment can be the left frame beam and one support beam or two support beams, or one support beam and the right frame beam in the width direction of the building element. The boundaries of the respective compartment in the height direction can be the upper frame beam and at least one connecting rod or at least two connecting rods, or at least one connecting rod and the lower frame beam. The compressive loads acting on the boundaries of the respective compartment can be absorbed or deflected by the straw supported at these boundaries in a prestressed manner.be reduced.

[0020] The straw in the compartments typically consists of stalks and leaves, along with unavoidable impurities. Straws are typically elongated and straight. The straw can be advantageously prepared so that the stalks are essentially aligned with respect to a main orientation direction, with the straw being filled into the respective compartment such that the main orientation direction of the stalks extends essentially parallel to the depth direction of the building element. Thus, the straw is preferably compressed transversely to the main orientation direction of the stalks. Investigations by the applicant demonstrate that the thermal insulation of the building element is sufficiently high, even when the main orientation direction runs parallel to the depth direction. This is attributed to the relatively high compression of the straw.

[0021] It can therefore be expediently provided that at least 60% of the stalks, preferably at least 70% or at least 75% or at least 80% or at least 85% of the stalks, in the respective compartment are inclined by less than 45°, in particular by less than 40° or less than 35° or less than 30° or less than 25° or less than 20° or less than 15°, relative to the depth direction of the structural element. Due to the agricultural production of straw, an alignment of 100% of the stalks parallel to the depth direction is not possible. However, it is clear that the desired effect is better the greater the proportion of stalks aligned in the main orientation direction and the smaller the deviation of the main orientation direction from the depth direction.

[0022] A particularly useful configuration is one in which at least 75% of the stalks in the respective compartment are inclined by less than 30% relative to the depth direction of the component.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that several straw-filled compartments are formed between the left frame beam and the adjacent support beam, which directly follow one another in the vertical direction of the building element from the lower frame beam to the upper frame beam, such that the upper frame beam is supported by the straw in the compartments on the lower frame beam. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that several straw-filled compartments are formed between two adjacent support beams, which directly follow one another in the vertical direction of the building element from the lower frame beam to the upper frame beam, such that the upper frame beam is supported by the straw in the compartments on the lower frame beam.Additionally or alternatively, it can also be provided that several compartments filled with straw are formed between the right-hand frame beam and the adjacent support beam. These compartments directly follow one another in the vertical direction of the building element from the lower frame beam to the upper frame beam, such that the upper frame beam is supported on the lower frame beam via the straw in the compartments. This configuration ensures that the upper frame beam is supported on the lower frame beam via the compressed straw arranged in the compartments. In this respect, the straw here has the same function as a support beam. This gives the building element particularly high stability.

[0024] In another advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the connecting rods are arranged and / or attached in such a way that they act as tension rods between the left frame beam and the adjacent support beam, or between two adjacent support beams, or between the right frame beam and the adjacent support beam. It is also conceivable for the respective connecting rod to penetrate the respective support beam. In particular, it is conceivable for the respective connecting rod to extend continuously from the left frame beam to the right frame beam and thereby connect the left frame beam through the respective support beam to the right frame beam as a tension rod. The connecting rods acting as tension rods can absorb the compressive forces generated by the compressed straw and acting in the width direction of the component without the wooden frame becoming deformed.The connecting rods transmit tensile forces in the width direction and thus absorb the prestress of the compressed straw in the width direction.

[0025] In another advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the connecting rods are connected to the vertical beams to which the connecting rod is attached, in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to their longitudinal center axis, with the respective vertically running beam. In particular, the respective connecting rod is therefore rotationally fixedly connected to the left frame beam and the adjacent support beam, or to two adjacent support beams, or to the right frame beam and the adjacent support beam. The rotationally fixed connection of the horizontally running connecting rods to the vertically running beams significantly stiffens the structural element. In particular, this improves the stability of the structural element against torsional distortion under transverse loads in the depth direction. This can in particular improve the wind stability of a building constructed using such structural elements.

[0026] The connecting bars can expediently have a rectangular, particularly square, cross-section transverse to their longitudinal central axis. It has been shown that connecting bars with rectangular cross-sections can be particularly easily and non-rotatably attached to the vertical beams. In particular, the vertical beams can have insertion openings or through-openings whose opening cross-sections are complementary to the cross-section of the connecting bars and into which the connecting bars are inserted.

[0027] Particularly in the case of rectangular cross-sections, this creates a positive connection that enables torque transmission with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the respective connecting rod.

[0028] In another embodiment, the left frame beam and the right frame beam can rest on the lower frame beam in two lower corner areas of the wooden frame and be fastened thereto. This allows compressive forces from the left and right frame beams to be transferred to the lower frame beam and from there to the substructure over a large area. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the upper frame beam rests on the left frame beam and the right frame beam in two upper corner areas of the wooden frame and is fastened thereto. This allows compressive forces applied across the surface to the upper frame beam to be transferred via the left and right frame beams. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the respective support beam rests on the lower frame beam and is fastened thereto, while the upper frame beam rests on the respective support beam and is fastened thereto.This allows the upper frame beam to transfer compressive forces to the lower frame beam via the respective support beam. The frame beams can be attached to each other in the corner areas using screws or nails, preferably corrugated nails. The respective support beams can also be attached to the frame beams using screws or nails, preferably corrugated nails.

[0029] The building element can have an element height measured in the height direction, which, according to an advantageous embodiment, is equal to a standard height of a cladding panel for cladding a side surface of the building element that borders the building element in the depth direction. For example, the element height can be 2500 mm or 2860 mm.

[0030] Additionally or alternatively, the building element has an element width measured in the width direction, which, according to an advantageous embodiment, is equal to an integer multiple of a standard width of a cladding panel for cladding a side surface of the building element that borders the building element in the depth direction. For example, the element width can be 500 mm or 625 mm.

[0031] The preferred dimensioning of the building element in the vertical and / or horizontal directions results in simplified cladding of the side surfaces of the building element, which face away from each other in the depth direction. The side surfaces can then be clad with cladding panels in standard sizes, which are particularly inexpensive to purchase commercially, while also generating relatively little waste.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment, a door opening can be formed in the structural element, which is laterally delimited by the left or right frame beam or by a support beam. In particular, the door opening can be laterally delimited by the left frame beam and a support beam, or by the right frame beam and a support beam, or by two support beams. The door opening is delimited at the top by a lintel. At the bottom, the door opening can be delimited by the lower frame beam. The lintel connects, in particular, the left frame beam and the support beam, or the right frame beam and the support beam, or both support beams. The door opening is expediently dimensioned so that a standard door can be easily installed.

[0033] In another embodiment, in addition to or as an alternative to the window opening, a window opening can be formed in the building element, which is bounded laterally by the left frame beam and a support beam, or by the right frame beam and a support beam, or by two support beams, and which is bounded at the top and bottom by a lintel beam. Here, too, the respective lintel beam can connect the left frame beam and the support beam, or the right frame beam and the support beam, or both support beams. Here, too, the dimensions are expediently designed so that a standard window can be easily installed. By taking door openings and window openings into account in the building elements, the use of the building elements during the construction of a building is simplified.

[0034] The mass production of building elements with predefined dimensions creates a modular structure for a building that can be constructed using these components. This greatly simplifies the construction of the building, which has a significant impact on the building's construction costs.

[0035] A building according to the invention has at least one ceiling, at least one floor, and several load-bearing walls, each of which supports the ceiling on the ground. At least one load-bearing wall of the building is equipped with at least one structural element of the type described above, such that the ceiling is supported on the ground via the structural element. It is also conceivable that at least one load-bearing wall of the building is formed by at least one structural element of the type described above.

[0036] Further important features and advantages of the invention emerge from the subclaims, from the drawings and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawings.

[0037] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the respective combination specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention. Components mentioned above and to be mentioned below of a higher-level unit, such as a device, an apparatus, or an arrangement, which are designated separately, may form separate parts or components of this unit or be integral areas or sections of this unit, even if this is shown differently in the drawings.

[0038] Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

[0039] They show, schematically, Fig. 1 an isometric view of a component, Fig. 2 a front view of the component, Fig. 3 a front view of the component in an embodiment with a door opening, Fig. 4 a front view of the component in an embodiment with a window opening. Fig. 5 a highly simplified basic view of a building.

[0040] According to the Fig. 1 to 4, a building element 1 comprises a rectangular wooden frame 2, so that the building element 1 is constructed in a timber frame design. Due to the rectangular wooden frame 2, the building element 1 defines a longitudinal direction or width direction X, a transverse direction or depth direction Y, and a height direction Z, which run perpendicular to each other. Fig. 1 to 4, the component 1 is shown standing upright, so that it stands vertically on a horizontal base 3. When the component 1 is standing upright, the height direction Z is vertical, while the width direction X and the depth direction Y are horizontal. Fig. 2 to 4 the depth direction Y is perpendicular to the drawing plane.

[0041] The wooden frame 2 has four wooden frame beams 4. When the structural element 1 is standing, the four frame beams 4 form a vertical left frame beam 4l, a vertical right frame beam 4r, a horizontal upper frame beam 4o, and a horizontal lower frame beam 4u. The wooden frame 2 runs continuously around the structural element 1 and defines the external dimensions of the structural element 1.

[0042] The structural element 1 is also equipped with at least one support beam 5 made of wood. In the example of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the structural element 1 has exactly three such support beams 5. It is clear that, in principle, a structural element 1 with only a single support beam 5 or with exactly two support beams 5 or with four or more support beams 5 is also conceivable. Fig. 1 and Fig. The three support beams 5 shown in Figure 2 form, purely by way of example, a left support beam 5l adjacent to the left frame beam 4l, a right support beam 5r adjacent to the right frame beam 4r, and a middle support beam 5m arranged between the left support beam 5l and the right support beam 5r. The respective support beam 5 is arranged in the wooden frame 2 such that it extends between the left frame beam 4l and the right frame beam 4r from the lower frame beam 4u to the upper frame beam 4o. The upper frame beam 4o can thus be supported on the lower frame beam 4u via the respective support beam 5.

[0043] The support beams 5 are each firmly connected to one another and to the left frame beam 4l and the right frame beam 4r via several wooden connecting rods 6. For this purpose, the connecting rods 6 extend horizontally when the structural element 1 is in a standing position. Accordingly, the left support beam 5l is firmly connected to the left frame beam 4l via several connecting rods 6 and to the middle support beam 5m via further connecting rods 6. The middle support beam 5m is firmly connected to the left support beam 5l and to the right support beam 5r via several connecting rods 6. The right support beam 5r is firmly connected to the middle support beam 5m and to the right frame beam 4r via several connecting rods 6. The connecting rods 6 can be firmly connected to the respective frame beam 4 or to the respective support beam 5 with screws or nails. The isometric view of the Fig. 1 shows that the connecting rods 6 are double in the depth direction Y, so that at each position of the connecting rods 6, two connecting rods 6 are arranged, which are spaced apart from one another in the depth direction Y. This gives the component 1 increased stability. It is clear that, in principle, three or more connecting rods 6 can also be provided at the respective position, which are spaced apart from one another in the depth direction Y.

[0044] A plurality of compartments 7 are now formed in the wooden frame 1. Each of these compartments 7 is delimited at the top by the upper frame beam 4o or by at least one connecting rod 6. Each compartment 7 is delimited at the bottom by the lower frame beam 4u or by at least one connecting rod 6. To the left, the respective compartment 7 is delimited by the left frame beam 4l or by the respective support beam 5. To the right, the respective compartment 7 is delimited by the right frame beam 4r or by the respective support beam 5. The connecting rods 6 are positioned at a distance from one another in the height direction Z, with regular spacing being preferred here, so that the connection points 6 follow one another at the same height in the width direction X.Preferably, the compartments 7 are designed in a checkerboard pattern within the structural element 1, so that several rows are arranged one above the other in the height direction Z, in each of which several compartments 7 are arranged next to one another in the width direction X. In the embodiment shown here, in which three support beams 5 are provided and in which five rows of connecting rods 6 are arranged one above the other in the height direction Z, twenty-four compartments 7 are thus obtained, with four compartments 7 being arranged horizontally next to one another in a row and six rows of four compartments 7 each being arranged one above the other in the height direction Z.

[0045] At least one of the compartments 7 is filled with straw 8, which in the Fig. 2 to 4, at least for some of the compartments 7, is indicated by hatching. The straw 8 is compressed or compacted in the respective compartment 7, in such a way that the straw 8 has a density of at least 130 kg / m 3 , in particular of at least 140 kg / m 3 and preferably at least 150 kg / m 3 Filling the respective compartment 7 with compressed straw 8 stiffens the structural element 1 in the area of ​​the respective compartment 7. Therefore, it is expedient for several compartments 7 to be filled with compressed straw 8. Preferably, all compartments 7 of the structural element 1 are filled with compressed straw 8.

[0046] The compressed straw 8 has a maximum moisture content of 25 wt.% in the respective compartment 7. For example, it can be provided that the straw 8 is provided as raw material with a maximum moisture content of 20 wt.%, whereby the mass fraction or weight fraction of the incompressible moisture increases due to the compression of the straw 8.

[0047] The compression of the straw 8 is oriented in such a way that the straw 8 in the respective compartment 7 is compressed transversely to the depth direction Y. In Fig. 2, one of the compartments 7, which is additionally designated 7', the compression direction of the straw 8 is indicated by several arrows 9, which extend transversely to the depth direction Y. The compressed straw 8 generates within the respective compartment 7, in response to the compression, a prestress which is opposite to the compression direction 9 and in Fig. 2 for the one compartment 7' is indicated by arrows 10.

[0048] The straw 8 comprises stalks and leaves in the usual way. For filling the compartments 7, the straw 8 is prepared in such a way that the stalks of the straw 8 are essentially aligned with respect to a main orientation direction 23, which Fig. 1 is indicated by a double arrow. The straw 8 is now inserted into the respective compartment 7 in such a way that this main orientation direction 23 of the stalks extends virtually parallel to the depth direction Y. In other words, a proportion of at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, of the stalks in the respective compartment 7 are inclined by less than 45°, preferably by less than 30°, relative to the depth direction Y. The stalks thus extend with their longitudinal direction within the respective compartment 7 largely parallel to the depth direction Y. This orientation of the straw 8 therefore fundamentally deviates from a conventional design in which the straw 8 is used as a thermal insulation material and in which the stalks are aligned essentially perpendicular to the depth direction Y. However, since in the building element 1 presented here the straw 8 is significantly compressed in the respective compartment 7, the desired thermal insulation is also achieved with stalks aligned parallel to the depth direction Y.

[0049] In the example of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, between the left frame beam 4l and the adjacent support beam 5, here the left support beam 5l, there are several compartments 7 filled with straw 8, which directly follow one another in the height direction Z from the lower frame beam 4u to the upper frame beam 4o. Also between the left support beam 5l and the middle support beam 5m and between the middle support beam 5m and the right support beam 5r there are several compartments 7 filled with straw 8, which directly follow one another in the height direction Z from the lower frame beam 4u to the upper frame beam 4o. Also between the right frame beam 4r and the adjacent support beam 5, here the right support beam 5r, there are several compartments 7 filled with straw 8, which directly follow one another in the height direction Z from the lower frame beam 4u to the upper frame beam 4o.Due to the compartments 7 filled with compressed straw 8, which are located directly next to each other between the vertical beams 4, 5 in the vertical direction Z, the upper frame beam 4o can be supported on the lower frame beam 4u via the straw 8 in these compartments 7. This significantly stiffens the structural element 1.

[0050] The connecting rods 6 are preferably arranged, attached, or fastened in such a way that they act as tension rods to fix the connected vertical beams, namely the support beams 5, the left frame beam 4l, and the right frame beam 4r, to one another with respect to the width direction X. Thus, the connecting rods 6 can transmit tensile forces in the width direction X and absorb the prestress 10 of the straw 8 oriented in the width direction X. In a corresponding manner, the vertical beams, i.e., the left frame beam 4l, the right frame beam 4r, and the support beams 5, also act as tension rods in the height direction Z.

[0051] Instead of several separate connecting rods 6 that follow one another in the width direction X, an embodiment is also conceivable in which the respective connecting rod 6 penetrates the respective support beam 5. In particular, it is conceivable that the respective connecting rod 6 extends continuously from the left frame beam 4l to the right frame beam 4r and thereby connects the left frame beam 4l through the respective support beam 5 to the right frame beam 4r as a tension rod in the width direction X.

[0052] To improve the torsional rigidity of the structural element 1, the connecting rods 6 can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to their longitudinal center axis to the respective vertical beam, i.e., to the left frame beam 4l or the right frame beam 4r or one of the support beams 5. This can be achieved using an appropriate fastening method. For example, corrugated nails can be used to fasten the connecting rods 6 to the respective beam 4, 5. Furthermore, the connecting rods 6 can have a rectangular, preferably square, cross-section transverse to their longitudinal center axis. This can simplify a rotationally fixed connection to the respective vertical beam 4, 5 and thus contribute to the stabilization of the structural element 1.In particular, it is conceivable that the vertical beams 4, 5 have insertion openings or through-openings whose opening cross-section is designed to match the cross-section of the connecting rods 6 and into which the connecting rods 6 are inserted in order to form a positive connection for torque transmission.

[0053] The wooden frame 2 is expediently constructed such that the left frame beam 4l and the right frame beam 4r rest on the lower frame beam 4u in two lower corner areas 11u of the wooden frame 2 and are fastened thereto. In addition, the upper frame beam 4u can rest on the left frame beam 4l and the right frame beam 4r in two upper corner areas 11o and be fastened thereto. In addition, the support beams 5 can rest on the lower frame beam 4u and be fastened thereto. The upper frame beam 4o can rest on the respective support beam 5 and be fastened thereto. The beams 4, 5 can be fastened to one another by screwing or nailing, in particular using corrugated nails.

[0054] The building element 1 has an element height H measured in the height direction Z, an element width B measured in the width direction X and an element depth T measured in the depth direction Y. In the examples shown here, the element height H is greater than the element width B. For example, the element height H can be approximately 3 m, while the element width B can be in the range from 2 m to 2.50 m. The building element 1 is designed to be flat, so that the element depth T is significantly smaller than the element width B and the element height H. For example, the element width B is at least 5 times greater than the element depth T. Purely as an example, the element depth T can be between 30 cm and 40 cm.

[0055] The component 1 has two side surfaces 12, 13 facing away from each other in the depth direction T. One side surface 12 is in the Fig. 1 to 4 faces the viewer and can therefore also be referred to as the front side. The other side surface 13 is in the Fig. 1 to 4 are turned away from the viewer and can therefore also be referred to as the back.

[0056] A preferred configuration is one in which the element height H is approximately equal to a standard height of a cladding panel (not shown here) with which a side surface 12, 13 of the building element 1 can be clad. Additionally or alternatively, the element width B can expediently be selected such that it is equal to an integer multiple of a standard width of such a cladding panel that can be used to clad the respective side surface 12, 13. This dimensioning of the building element 1 allows standard panels to be used to clad the side surfaces 12, 13 without generating a great deal of offcuts, i.e., waste.

[0057] The Fig. 1 and Fig. The embodiment of the component 1 shown in Figure 2 represents a component 1 configured to create a closed wall. In contrast, the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 each show an embodiment of the component 1, in which the component 1 is configured to create a wall with at least one wall opening. According to Fig. 3, a door opening 14 can therefore be formed in the structural element 1, which in the example shown is laterally delimited by the left support beam 5l and the right support beam 5r. Furthermore, an auxiliary beam 24 is arranged in the door opening 14 to the left of the right support beam 5r. In another configuration, the door opening 14 can be laterally delimited by the left frame beam 4l or the right frame beam 4r and by a support beam 5, expediently by the middle support beam 5m. Furthermore, the door opening 14 is delimited at the top by a lintel beam 15, which here connects the right support beam 5r with the left support beam 5l and can be supported by the optional auxiliary beam 24. The door opening 14 can be delimited at the bottom by the lower frame beam 4u.The dimensioning of the structural element 1 and in particular the positioning of the support beams 5 can be specifically selected so that the door opening 5 can be easily opened by interrupting one of the support beams 5. Fig. 3 by interrupting the central support beam 5m. The door opening 14 can be dimensioned so that a standard door can be easily installed.

[0058] In addition or alternatively to such a door opening 14, according to Fig. 4 in the building element 1, at least one window opening 16 may be formed. In the example shown, this window opening 16 is bounded laterally, i.e. in the width direction X, by two support beams 5, namely by the left support beam 5l and the right support beam 5r. With a different positioning of the window opening 16, it may also be bounded laterally by the left frame beam 4l and a support beam 5 or by the right frame beam 4r and one of the support beams 5. The window opening 16 is bounded at the top and bottom by a lintel beam 17, which connects the two support beams 5 to each other. In the example shown, the Fig. 4 the middle support beam is interrupted 5m to create the window opening 16.

[0059] For easy handling of the components 1 for transport and on a construction site, the components 1 can be provided with openings 25 which, for example, allow the attachment of an eyelet into which a hook of a crane or the like can engage.

[0060] According to Fig. 5, a building 18 has at least one ceiling 19, at least one floor 20 and several load-bearing walls 21. The load-bearing walls 21 form in the example of Fig. 5 exterior walls of the building 18 and support the ceiling 19 on the floor 20. The building 18 stands with its floor 20 in the usual way on a foundation or on a basement. In the example, the ceiling 19 supports a roof 22 of the building 18. At least one load-bearing wall 21 has a structural element 1 of the type described above, wherein the structural element 1 contributes to supporting the ceiling 19 on the floor 20. It is also conceivable that the respective load-bearing wall 21 is formed by at least one such structural element 1.

[0061] In the example of Fig. In Figure 5, the load-bearing wall 21 facing the viewer is equipped with two adjacent structural elements 1. The building 18 shown here is purely exemplary. It is clear that multi-story buildings 18 can also be realized using the structural elements 1, which can, in particular, contain two or more separate residential units. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] AT 510 797 A1

[0003]

Claims

[1] Component (1), - with a rectangular wooden frame (2) having four wooden frame beams (4) which, when the building element (1) stands vertically on a horizontal base (3), form a vertical left frame beam (4l), a vertical right frame beam (4r), a horizontal upper frame beam (4o) and a horizontal lower frame beam (4u), - with at least one wooden support beam (5) arranged in the wooden frame (2) so that it extends between the left frame beam (4l) and the right frame beam (4r) from the lower frame beam (4u) to the upper frame beam (4o), - wherein the respective support beam (5) is fastened to the adjacent vertical beams (4, 5) by means of a plurality of connecting rods (6) made of wood, which extend horizontally when the structural element (1) is in a standing position, - wherein several compartments (7) are formed in the wooden frame (2), - wherein at least one of the compartments (7) is filled with straw (8), - wherein the straw (8) in the respective compartment (7) is compressed such that it has a density of at least 130 kg / m 3 owns. [2] Component (1) according to claim 1, characterized by , - that the compressed straw (8) in the respective compartment (7) has a moisture content of maximum 25% by weight. [3] Component (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , - that the component (1) has a longitudinal or width direction (X), a transverse or depth direction (Y) and a height direction (Z) which are perpendicular to one another, - that when the component (1) is standing, the height direction (Z) is vertical, while the width direction (X) and the depth direction (Y) are horizontal. [4] Component (1) according to claim 3, characterized by , - that the compressed straw (8) in the respective compartment (7) is compressed transversely to the depth direction (Y) of the building element (1). [5] Component (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by , - that the straw (8) has stalks and leaves, - that at least 60% of the stalks in the respective compartment (7) are inclined by less than 45° relative to the depth direction (Y) of the component (1). [6] Component (1) according to claim 5, characterized by , - that at least 75% of the stalks in the respective compartment (7) are inclined by less than 30° relative to the depth direction (Y) of the component (1). [7] Component (1) according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized by , - that between the left frame beam (4l) and the adjacent support beam (5) several compartments (7) filled with straw (8) are formed, which in the vertical direction (Z) of the building element (1) immediately follow one another from the lower frame beam (4u) to the upper frame beam (4o), such that the upper frame beam (4o) is supported on the lower frame beam (4u) via the straw (8) in the compartments (7), and / or - that between two adjacent support beams (5) several compartments (7) filled with straw (8) are formed, which in the height direction (Z) of the building element (1) immediately follow one another from the lower frame beam (4u) to the upper frame beam (4o), such that the upper frame beam (4o) is supported on the lower frame beam (4u) via the straw (8) in the compartments (7), and / or - that between the right frame beam (4r) and the adjacent support beam (5) there are formed a plurality of compartments (7) filled with straw (8), which directly follow one another in the vertical direction (Z) of the building element (1) from the lower frame beam (4u) to the upper frame beam (4o), such that the upper frame beam (4o) is supported on the lower frame beam (4u) via the straw (8) in the compartments (7). [8] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the respective connecting rod (6) is arranged and / or attached in such a way that it acts as a tension rod between the left frame beam (4l) and the adjacent support beam (5) or between two adjacent support beams (5) or between the right frame beam (4r) and the adjacent support beam (5). [9] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the connecting rods (6) are connected in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to their longitudinal center axis to the left frame beam (4l) and the adjacent support beam (5) or to two adjacent support beams (5) or to the right frame beam (4r) and the adjacent support beam (5). [10] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the connecting rods (6) have a rectangular, in particular square, cross-section transverse to their longitudinal central axis. [11] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the left frame beam (4l) and the right frame beam (4r) rest on the lower frame beam (4u) in two lower corner areas (11u) of the wooden frame (2) and are fastened to it, and / or - that the upper frame beam (4o) rests on the left frame beam (4l) and on the right frame beam (4r) in two upper corner areas (11o) of the wooden frame (2) and is fastened thereto, and / or - that the respective support beam (5) rests on the lower frame beam (4u) and is fastened thereto, while the upper frame beam (4o) rests on the respective support beam (5) and is fastened thereto. [12] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the respective support beam (5) is fastened with the connecting rods (6) to the left frame beam (4l) and to the right frame beam (4r) or to the left frame beam (4l) and to another support beam (5) or to the right frame beam (4r) and to another support beam (5) or to two other support beams (5). [13] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the compartments (7) are limited upwards by the upper frame beam (4o) or by at least one connecting rod (6), downwards by the lower frame beam (4u) or by at least one connecting rod (6), to the left by the left frame beam (4l) or by the respective support beam (5) and to the right by the right frame beam (4r) or by the respective support beam (5). [14] Component (1) according to claim 3 or according to claim 3 and one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the building element (1) has an element height (H) measured in the height direction (Z) which is equal to a standard height of a cladding panel for cladding a side surface (12, 13) delimiting the building element (1) in the depth direction (Y), and / or - that the building element (1) has an element width (B) measured in the width direction (X) which is equal to an integer multiple of a standard width of a cladding panel for cladding a side surface (12, 13) delimiting the building element (1) in the depth direction (Y). [15] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that a door opening (14) is formed in the building element (1), which is delimited laterally by the left frame beam (4l) and a support beam (5) or by the right frame beam (4r) and a support beam (5) or by two support beams (5) and which is delimited at the top by a lintel beam (15). [16] Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that a window opening (16) is formed in the building element (1), which is delimited laterally by the left frame beam (4l) and a support beam (5) or by the right frame beam (4r) and a support beam (5) or by two support beams (5) and which is delimited at the top and bottom by a lintel beam (17). [17] Building (18) with a ceiling (19), with a floor (20) and with several load-bearing walls (21) which support the ceiling (19) on the floor (20), wherein at least one load-bearing wall (21) has at least one structural element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which is supported on the ceiling (19) and on the floor (20), or is formed by at least one structural element (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

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