Insect breeding method and mixed feed

Abstract

To provide an insect breeding method or the like which may be used as feed for fishes and shellfishes.SOLUTION: There is provided an insect breeding method which has a step for feeding insects of the Order Diptera, mixed feed including dietary fiber material and brewed sake lees. The brewed sake lees may be Shochu sake lees or the like, and the dietary fiber material may be cellulose, agar, or tofu refuse. The insects of the Order Diptera may be larvae of Hermetia illucens or the like.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for breeding insect organisms. Further, the present invention relates to a mixed feed used for breeding insect organisms.

Background Art

[0002] Due to global population growth and environmental problems, there is concern that a protein crisis, such as a shortage of protein in meat, may occur in the near future. This protein crisis is a concern not only for the protein directly ingested by humans but also as a problem of the protein in food feed.

[0003] Fish are widely cultured. Fish meal is common as a feed for culturing fish. However, while the demand for fish is increasing, there is also concern about a shortage of fish meal due to the impact of the protein crisis. Fish meal is also suitable for culturing fish in terms of the ratio of amino acids and the like that make up its protein.

[0004] By the way, in Japan as well, a large amount of food itself and food waste generated in the food manufacturing process are produced. Although recycling and the like are being considered as much as possible, those with a large amount of moisture or those that are difficult to separate may not be fully utilized in some cases.

[0005] For example, brewing lees are one of the food wastes with a large amount of moisture and difficult to dispose of. Regarding shochu lees, which are one of the brewing lees, Patent Document 1 discloses a step of mixing an adjusting liquid composed of 80 to 100 parts by weight of fresh water with 100 parts by weight of shochu lees to produce a first mixed liquid, a step of subjecting the first mixed liquid to solid-liquid separation to separate it into a filtrate and a solid, a step of adding one or more kinds of lactic acid bacteria to the filtrate to produce a second mixed liquid, and a step of fermenting the second mixed liquid in an anaerobic atmosphere and separating it into a precipitate liquid and a supernatant liquid.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] The inventors of the present invention have considered the use of brewing lees as a diverse disposal method for food waste. Regarding the utilization method, they focused on the possibility that brewing lees may be suitable as feed for insect organisms of the order Diptera, and that insect organisms of the order Diptera can be used as feed for fish in place of fish meal. Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding insect organisms and the like.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the inventor has found that the following invention meets the above object, and thus has arrived at the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the following inventions.

[0009] <1> A method for breeding insect organisms having a step of feeding a mixed feed containing brewing lees and a dietary fiber material to insect organisms of the order Diptera. <2> The breeding method according to <1>, wherein the brewing lees is sake lees, and the dietary fiber material is one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, agar, and okara. <3> The breeding method according to <1> or <2>, wherein the insect organisms of the order Diptera are larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius. <4> The breeding method according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the moisture content of the mixed feed is 40 to 80% by mass. <5> The breeding method according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein the dietary fiber concentration in the dry weight of the mixed feed is 18% by mass or more. <6> A mixed feed for breeding insect organisms of the order Diptera, containing brewing lees and a dietary fiber material.

Effects of the Invention

[0010] According to the method for breeding insect organisms of the present invention, insect organisms of the order Diptera can be efficiently propagated.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the description of the constituent elements described below is an example (representative example) of the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following content unless the gist thereof is changed. In this specification, when the expression "~" is used, it is used as an expression including the numerical values before and after it.

[0013] [Breeding Method of the Present Invention] The breeding method of the present invention is a method for breeding insect organisms having a step of feeding a mixed feed containing brewing residue and a dietary fiber material to insect organisms of the order Diptera.

[0014] [Mixed Feed of the Present Invention] The mixed feed of the present invention contains brewing residue and a dietary fiber material.

[0015] In addition, in the present application, the breeding method of the present invention can also be carried out using the mixed feed of the present invention, and the corresponding configurations in the present application can be used mutually.

[0016] The inventors focused on insect organisms such as black soldier fly larvae as raw materials for fish compound feeds. Black soldier fly larvae have a high palatability for fish and shellfish, and their protein content and other factors suggest the possibility of using them as an alternative to fish meal in aquaculture feeds. When breeding black soldier fly larvae and the like, it was confirmed that brewing residue can be used as feed. Furthermore, it was confirmed that by supplying a compound feed mixed with a dietary fiber material rather than using brewing residue alone as feed, the growth of black soldier fly larvae is promoted and the yield increases. Dietary fiber materials are not likely to be a calorie-based nutrient source, and considering calorie intake efficiency and the like, it is generally thought that it is better to use brewing residue alone. However, as described above, unexpectedly, by using brewing residue in combination with these additional components, it was possible to efficiently breed black soldier fly larvae and the like. The present invention is based on such findings.

[0017] [Insect organisms of the order Diptera] The breeding method of the present invention relates to the breeding of insect organisms of the order Diptera. Insect organisms of the order Diptera undergo metamorphosis from eggs to larvae, pupae, and adults. Insects of the order Diptera are found in diverse growth environments. Insect organisms of the order Diptera, particularly in the state of larvae also called maggots, grow using substances in a state such as food residues as feed. Also, it can be expected to be used as feed for fish and shellfish even while remaining in the larval stage. In particular, representative insects that are widely being considered for use as fish feed include black soldier fly larvae and mealworms.

[0018] [Black soldier fly] The insect organism targeted by the present invention is preferably the black soldier fly. The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is an insect of the family Stratiomyidae in the order Diptera. The black soldier fly is said to be unlikely to cause infectious diseases and has widely naturalized in Japan. Among the insect organisms of the order Diptera, the black soldier fly is a particular organism expected to increase in weight by the breeding method of the present invention. In particular, it can grow efficiently even on a paste-like feed with a high moisture content and high fluidity. Therefore, even if the raw material of the mixed feed is easily collected in a state with a high water content, it is excellent in that it can be used without drying or the like for preparing the mixed feed for breeding.

[0019] [Larva] The breeding method of the present invention preferably targets larvae. Larvae can be used from immediately after hatching, appropriately domesticated, etc., such as those a few days after hatching. Insect organisms of the order Diptera can eat decaying organic matter etc. even in the state of larvae (maggots), grow and increase in weight. In this larval state, it has a composition of proteins, minerals, etc. suitable for use as fish feed. Furthermore, since the larvae do not have wings and have a limited movement range, they are easy to handle. After breeding, they can be collected and appropriately killed by drying etc. to become a protein source that is easy to use as fish feed.

[0020] [Brewery lees] Brewery lees are lees generated in the process of brewing alcoholic beverages, soy sauce, miso, mirin, etc. by applying fermentation. Examples of alcoholic beverages include foaming alcoholic beverages such as beer; fermented alcoholic beverages such as sake and fruit wine; distilled alcoholic beverages such as shochu, whiskey, brandy, raw material alcohol, spirits; and blended alcoholic beverages such as synthetic sake, mirin, sweet fruit wine, liqueur. These brewery lees of alcoholic beverages etc. can be used as components of the mixed feed of the present invention. Among these, in particular, shochu lees, sake lees, beer lees, etc. which have a large generation amount according to the production amount can be used.

[0021] [Shochu lees] The brewing residue used in the mixed feed of the present invention can be shochu residue. Shochu residue is known as an underutilized resource that has not been fully utilized because the season in which it is generated is limited, it is generated at a time when it is not suitable for use as conventional livestock feed, and it has a peculiar flavor. As the shochu residue, shochu residues such as rice shochu, wheat shochu, sweet potato shochu, brown sugar shochu, buckwheat shochu, and awamori can be used. In particular, shochu residues of rice shochu and / or wheat shochu are suitable for the mixed feed of the present invention.

[0022] [Food fiber material] The mixed feed of the present invention contains a food fiber material. Although the brewing residue also contains a part of the dietary fiber derived from raw materials such as rice and wheat, the proportion of dietary fiber in the carbohydrates contained in the whole sake lees is relatively small. The dietary fiber concentration of the brewing residue depends on the raw materials and state of the brewing residue, etc., but is about 10 to 15% by mass in terms of dry weight. The present inventors have experimentally confirmed that adding a food fiber material as a mixed feed is effective in increasing the weight during the breeding of fly-eyed insect organisms.

[0023] The food fiber material is a material rich in dietary fiber. As the food fiber material, one having a higher dietary fiber concentration than the brewing residue is used. As the food fiber material, those having a dietary fiber concentration of 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, etc. in terms of dry weight can be used. As the food fiber material, one substantially composed of dietary fiber may be used as it is.

[0024] As the food fiber material, foods rich in dietary fiber can be used. Also, as this food, wastes after being processed for edible use may be used. For example, as the food fiber material, foods such as vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, mushrooms, and beans, and processed products thereof can be used. The food fiber material may be appropriately used by mixing a plurality of them. Also, things generated as residues after processing these foods, etc. can be used. In particular, as the food fiber material, okara and vegetable scraps, etc., which have a large amount of unused products as residues after food processing, can be used.

[0025] [Dietary fiber] Dietary fiber is an indigestible component contained in food that is difficult to be digested by human digestive enzymes. The dietary fiber in the present invention can be grasped using the total amount of dietary fiber measured by the Prosky method. Either water-soluble dietary fiber or insoluble dietary fiber may be used. As the insoluble dietary fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, chitin, chitosan, etc. can be used. As the water-soluble dietary fiber, agarose, agaropectin, pectin, guar gum, glucomannan, β-glucan, polydextrose, fructan, inulin, gum arabic, maltitol, etc. can be used.

[0026] The dietary fiber material of the present invention preferably contains one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, agar, and okara. The dietary fiber contained in these dietary fiber materials is particularly suitable for the rearing of insect organisms. Furthermore, there are eating habits commonly used for human consumption, and in some cases, they are unused resources such as residues generated in food manufacturing processes that are discarded. Agar particularly contains abundant agarose and agaropectin. Okara particularly contains abundant cellulose.

[0027] Cellulose, which is an insoluble dietary fiber, is a major component of the cell wall of plants and is easily obtained from plant-based foods such as vegetables. In some cases, it may be difficult to completely separate cellulose from other components contained in the materials used as raw materials, and materials containing cellulose as the main component can be used as the cellulose in the mixed feed of the present invention. Also, vegetable scraps are the parts such as peels, cores, scraps, and seeds that are discarded during cooking, but such vegetable scraps also contain a lot of dietary fiber.

[0028] The dietary fiber material is preferably used in a powdery, granular, or short fiber form. When using relatively large or long dietary fiber materials made from unused food ingredients, etc., it is preferable to use them after crushing, pulverizing, cutting, etc. When in the form of short fibers, etc., the standard for the length of one side is preferably about 5 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 2 mm or less, or about 1 mm or less. At such lengths, it is considered easy to ingest because it can be almost directly accommodated in the body from the stage of larvae of insect organisms, etc.

[0029] [Okara] As the dietary fiber material of the present invention, it is preferable to use okara. Okara is a by-product generated during the production of tofu and soy milk. Okara also contains a lot of dietary fiber. Okara can be directly used for human consumption, etc., but since it is generated in large quantities as a by-product, it cannot be completely consumed in food, etc., and may have to be treated as industrial waste, etc. Also, okara immediately after being recovered as a by-product has a very high moisture content and is prone to spoilage. On the other hand, a large amount of energy is required to dry and powder it for storage, etc. The mixed feed of the present invention can use such okara in a state close to raw okara with almost no drying.

[0030] The mixed feed of the present invention is preferably used in a state rich in dietary fiber. The mixed feed of the present invention Preferably, the dietary fiber concentration in the dry weight of the mixed feed (dry weight of dietary fiber in the mixed feed / dry weight of the mixed feed) is 18% by mass or more. The dietary fiber concentration of the mixed feed is more preferably 20% by mass or more. It is difficult to achieve this dietary fiber concentration with brewing lees alone. By mixing a dietary fiber material with brewing lees, this concentration can be achieved. When the dietary fiber concentration increases, the nutritional source itself decreases, but unexpectedly, by using such a mixed feed, the breeding of insect organisms is promoted, and breeding in a short time and weight gain by breeding can be expected. Since the direct nutritional source, etc. relatively decreases as the dietary fiber concentration increases, the upper limit of the dietary fiber concentration in the dry weight of the mixed feed may be 80% by mass or less, or 70% by mass or less.

[0031] [Moisture content] The mixed feed of the present invention can be used with a moisture content of about 40 to 80% by mass or about 50 to 75% by mass. In some cases, it has high fluidity and is in a state close to a paste. The mixed feed of the present invention can utilize those that are by-products in the manufacturing process of foods such as brewing lees and fresh okara, and may be treated as waste as unused resources. In these uses, it is preferable that the manufacturing efficiency is as high as possible. However, these by-products are generated in a state with a relatively large amount of moisture. The burden of drying to manage this as powder or the like is very large. In the present invention, since it can be used as a mixed feed with a high moisture content, it is not necessary to excessively adjust the moisture content of these by-products, and they can be used as they are, or even those recovered by filtration or drying for a short time as appropriate can be used.

[0032] Also, considering the moisture content and the like of the materials used as raw materials for the mixed feed, moisture may be appropriately added to adjust the moisture content. A mixed feed with high fluidity may be difficult to secure a footing during breeding and may be difficult to grow, but the breeding of fly-eyed insect organisms can be carried out as it is. In particular, the larvae of the American midge are considered to be strong in breeding in an environment with a lot of water, and they can be bred even with feeding with such a mixed feed. In addition, the mixed feed may be mixed with any components in addition to brewing lees and dietary fiber materials. When measuring the moisture content and the mass in terms of dry weight, a heat drying type moisture meter or the like can be used.

[0033] [Mixing ratio] The mixing ratio of "the mass of brewing lees" (component A) : "the mass of dietary fiber material" (component B) in the mixed feed of the present invention is not particularly limited within the range that can be used as a mixed feed. From the viewpoint of making the effect of improving the breeding efficiency of larvae of the American midge and the like particularly excellent, for example, the mass ratio of component A: component B can be about 1:0.1 to 1:10. The mass ratio of component A: component B may be about 1:0.1 to 1:5 or about 1:0.1 to 1:2.5.

[0034] [Feeding] The breeding method of the present invention includes a step of feeding a mixed feed to insect organisms of the order Diptera. The breeding of insect organisms of the order Diptera can be carried out at any time when they eat the mixed feed as food in the ecosystem of the insect organisms of the order Diptera. As a typical method, it is also possible to feed by directly mixing larvae, such as those immediately after hatching from eggs or in the larval state like maggots a few days after hatching, into the mixed feed. In this state, by sufficiently consuming the mixed feed and recovering it by sieving or the like before becoming adults or pupae, it is possible to recover the grown and weight-increased insect organisms. The recovered insect organisms can be appropriately processed by quickly freezing or heat-drying them, etc., and used as raw materials for feeds for fish and shellfish.

[0035] The brewing lees used in the present invention are manufactured in various parts of Japan. Also, Japan is surrounded by the sea, and in some cases, the factories where brewing lees are produced and the aquaculture farms are located relatively close to each other. In view of such social realities, the present invention can carry out the preparation as a mixed feed and the breeding of insect organisms from the places where brewing lees, etc. are produced. The breeding of these insect organisms can be carried out even with simple equipment, and since the obtained insect organisms can also be used as feeds for fish and shellfish, it is considered suitable for an efficient local production and local consumption operation with a short transportation distance for each raw material, etc. [Examples]

[0036] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless the gist thereof is changed.

[0037] [Raw materials, etc.] · Larvae of Corbicula japonica: Larvae of Corbicula japonica about 10 days after hatching were used. · Shochu lees: Rice shochu lees with a moisture content of 65% by mass (in terms of dry weight, the dietary fiber concentration is 14% by mass, the crude protein concentration is 52% by mass, and the carbohydrate concentration is 24% by mass) · Sake lees: Kobayashi Haruyoshi Shoten Co., Ltd. Sawano no Tsurumai with a moisture content of 50.9% by mass (in terms of dry weight, the dietary fiber concentration is 11% by mass, the crude protein concentration is 30% by mass, and the carbohydrate concentration is 38% by mass) · Cellulose: Microcrystalline cellulose from Nippon Garlic Co., Ltd. (97.2 g of dietary fiber per 100 g) · Okara: Dried okara (43.6 g of dietary fiber per 100 g) · Agar: Powdered agar from Asahi Co., Ltd. (84.3 g of dietary fiber per 100 g) · Carrot pomace: Pomace after extracting vegetable juice from carrots (in dry weight, the dietary fiber concentration is 34% by mass)

[0038] · Measurement of moisture content The moisture content was measured using the "MX-50 Moisture Meter (heating and drying type)" from A&D Co., Ltd. under the measurement condition of the standard mode at 110°C.

[0039] [Rearing conditions] Approximately 150 g of feed and 100 larvae of Aeshna americana were mixed in a cup-shaped container with a capacity of about 500 mL and reared in a room at room temperature of 25 - 30°C without direct sunlight.

[0040] [Test Examples 1-1 to 1-3, Reference Examples 1-1 to 1-2] Figure 1 shows the conditions of each test example, etc. Rearing was carried out using the feed with the conditions shown in each test example, etc. The larvae 7 days after the start of rearing were collected, and the larval weight was calculated.

[0041] [Results and discussion] Even with only the shochu lees in Reference Example 1, the larvae of Aeshna americana grow during 7 days of rearing. Also, rearing cannot be carried out with cellulose alone in Reference Example 2. On the other hand, as shown in Test Examples 1 to 3, in the case of a mixed feed in which shochu lees or sake lees are mixed with cellulose or okara, it becomes easier to rear, and the weight per Aeshna americana larva becomes larger than that in the reference examples.

[0042] [Test Examples 2-1 to 2-3, Reference Examples 2-1 to 2-2] Utilization of cellulose Tests were conducted using cellulose as a dietary fiber material. Figure 2 shows the conditions for each test example, etc. Rearing was carried out using the feed with the conditions shown in each test example, etc. The larvae 7 days after the start of rearing were collected, and the larval weight was calculated.

[0043] [Results and Discussion] Even with only the shochu lees of Reference Example 2-1, the larvae of American midge can grow in 7 days of rearing. Also, with only cellulose in Reference Example 2-2, rearing is not possible. On the other hand, as shown in Test Examples 2-1 to 2-3, in the case of a mixed feed of shochu lees and cellulose, it becomes even easier to rear, and the weight per American midge is larger than that in the reference example.

[0044] [Test Examples 3-1 to 3-3, Reference Examples 3-1 to 3-2] Use of Agar A test was conducted using agar as a dietary fiber material. Figure 3 shows the conditions for each test example, etc. Rearing was carried out using the feed with the conditions shown in each test example, etc. The larvae 7 days after the start of rearing were collected, and the larval weight was calculated.

[0045] [Results and Discussion] Even with only the shochu lees of Reference Example 3-1, the larvae of American midge can grow in 7 days of rearing. Also, with only agar in Reference Example 3-2, sufficient rearing is not possible. On the other hand, as shown in Test Examples 3-1 to 3-3, in the case of a mixed feed of shochu lees and agar, it becomes even easier to rear, and the weight per American midge is larger than that in the reference example.

[0046] [Test Examples 4-1 to 4-3, Reference Examples 4-1 to 4-2] Use of Okara A test was conducted using okara as a dietary fiber material. Figure 4 shows the conditions for each test example, etc. Rearing was carried out using the feed with the conditions shown in each test example, etc. The larvae 7 days after the start of rearing were collected, and the larval weight was calculated.

[0047] [Results and Discussion] Even with only the sake lees of Reference Example 4-1, the larvae of *Aedes aegypti* can grow in 7 days of breeding. Also, breeding was possible with only okara of Reference Example 4-2. On the other hand, as shown in Test Examples 4-1 to 4-3, in the case of a mixed feed in which sake lees and okara are mixed, it becomes even easier to breed, and the weight per *Aedes aegypti* becomes larger than that of the reference example.

[0048] [Test Examples 5-1 to 5-3, Reference Examples 5-1 to 5-2] Utilization of vegetable waste A test was conducted using carrot pomace as a dietary fiber material. Fig. 5 shows the conditions of each test example, etc. Breeding was carried out using the feed under the conditions shown in each test example, etc. The larvae 7 days after the start of breeding were collected, and the larval weight was calculated.

[0049] [Results and Discussion] Even with only the sake lees of Reference Example 5-1, the larvae of *Aedes aegypti* can grow in 7 days of breeding. Also, breeding was possible with only carrot pomace of Reference Example 5-2. On the other hand, as shown in Test Examples 5-1 to 5-3, in the case of a mixed feed in which sake lees and carrot pomace are mixed, it becomes even easier to breed, and the weight per *Aedes aegypti* becomes larger than that of the reference example.

Industrial Applicability

[0050] The present invention can be used for breeding insect organisms of the order Diptera that are expected to be used in feeds for fish and shellfish, etc., and is industrially useful.

Claims

1. A method for raising insect organisms, comprising the step of feeding a mixed feed containing brewing residue and a dietary fiber material to insect organisms of the order Diptera.

2. The method for raising according to Claim 1, wherein the brewing residue is shochu residue, and the dietary fiber material is one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, agar, and okara.

3. The method for raising according to Claim 1, wherein the insect organisms of the order Diptera are larvae of the midge Chironomus americanus.

4. The method for raising according to Claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the mixed feed is 40 to 80% by mass.

5. The method for raising according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the dietary fiber concentration in the dry weight of the mixed feed is 18% by mass or more.

6. A mixed feed for raising insect organisms of the order Diptera, containing brewing residue and a dietary fiber material.

Images