Motorcycle having internal combustion engine comprising output means and charging device for internal combustion engine
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024186182
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-10-23
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a motorcycle having an internal combustion engine including an output means and a charging device for the internal combustion engine, and a control device and an electric machine according to the generic term of claim 1.
Background Art
[0002] Motorcycles having a charging device in the form of a compressor driven by the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine of a motorcycle are already known. The purpose of charging is to achieve high peak power, and these types of motorcycles were able to provide the desired high peak power due to the critical response behavior of the charging device in the form of a turbocharger. However, it was difficult to control the torque suddenly released by the internal combustion engine after the turbocharger was activated, so it was critical in terms of driving dynamics, and these motorcycles with turbocharging of the internal combustion engine relatively quickly lost their importance again.
[0003] The internal combustion engine used in motorcycles has been developed, bringing the desired high peak power achieved by the high rotational speed level of the internal combustion engine. However, as a result, it has brought disadvantages in terms of the efficiency of the internal combustion engine and the value of the exhaust gas discharged.
[0004] However, the development purpose of the internal combustion engine for motorcycles is to simultaneously achieve high efficiency of the internal combustion engine and reduction of exhaust gas values, improve the post-treatment of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, and reduce the exhaust gas emissions from the internal combustion engine. Therefore, it is necessary to operate the internal combustion engine with an operating strategy in which the combustion air ratio lambda is near 1 over the entire load and entire rotational speed range.
[0005] The internal combustion engine is also intended to provide torque immediately, for example, for acceleration during overtaking if the user desires, and at the same time reduce the power loss of the internal combustion engine in the form of frictional losses and charging cycle losses.
[0006] A method for charging an internal combustion engine and a charging device therefor are known from DE102012104355B4.
[0007] A compressor for an internal combustion engine is known from DE102014218538A1.
[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a motorcycle having an internal combustion engine and a charging device for the internal combustion engine, which can immediately increase the boost pressure when desired by the rider, and in particular reduce the power loss of the internal combustion engine in the partial load range of the internal combustion engine.
[0009] To solve this object, the present invention has the features defined in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments thereof are described in further claims.
Summary of the Invention
Means for Solving the Problems
[0010] The present invention creates a motorcycle having a drive means, an internal combustion engine with a charging device for the internal combustion engine, a control device, and an electromechanical machine. The charging device includes a compressor having a drive shaft, and a transmission having a transmission input portion and a transmission output portion. The compressor is pressure-fittedly coupled to the transmission output portion via the drive shaft. The transmission input portion is drivable by the electromechanical machine and / or output means, and a switchable clutch device is provided between the output means of the internal combustion engine and the transmission input.
[0011] The charging device thus includes a compressor that is mechanically driven by the drive shaft and serves to supply charge air to the internal combustion engine, i.e., to supply pressurized air for performing a combustion process in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
[0012] The drive shaft of the compressor is connected to the output part of the transmission by a press fit, and thus, the output part of the transmission can have an output shaft that is connected to the drive shaft of the compressor by a press fit, or the compressor can be directly arranged on the output shaft of the output part of the transmission so that the rotational movement or rotational operation of the output part of the transmission or the output shaft of the output part of the transmission ensures the rotational operation of the compressor, which can be, for example, a supercharger.
[0013] Due to the rotational operation of the compressor, it is ensured that the air pressurized by the boost pressure exists in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine, enabling the internal combustion engine to utilize it in the combustion process.
[0014] Using an appropriate conversion ratio between the input part and the output part of the transmission, the rotational speed of the output part of the transmission or the rotational speed of the output shaft of the output part of the transmission can be increased, and the compressor, for example, the blades of the compressor, can be driven at a high rotational speed.
[0015] In the configuration of the motorcycle according to the present invention, the input part of the transmission, for example, the input shaft of the transmission, can be rotated by an electromechanical means on the one hand, but can also be rotated by the output means of the internal combustion engine, and the compressor can be driven by both the electromechanical means and the internal combustion engine.
[0016] A switchable clutch device is provided between the output means of the internal combustion engine and the input part of the transmission, and this clutch device can be closed or opened according to the desired operating mode of the compressor of the charging device.
[0017] When the clutch device is closed, the internal combustion engine drives the input part of the transmission by the output means, for example, the input shaft of the input part of the transmission, and the rotational speed of the input shaft of the transmission is increased by the transmission, that is, the output shaft of the transmission, that is, the output part of the transmission, is increased by an assembly provided in the transmission so as to rotate at a higher rotational speed than the drive shaft of the transmission.
[0018] Since the drive shaft of the compressor is coupled to the output shaft of the transmission by a press fit, when the rotational speed increases, the compressor rotates at a higher rotational speed than the rotational speed of the input section of the transmission, and the boost pressure in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine increases.
[0019] The compressor can be a scroll compressor, and the elements or blades of the scroll compressor provided for the boost pressure increase finally rotate at a high rotational speed to ensure the boost pressure increase.
[0020] When the clutch device is open, the input shaft of the transmission is not driven by the output means of the internal combustion engine, that is, it is set in a rotating state. Therefore, the electromechanical device of the charging device acting directly on the input section of the transmission can bring the input section of the transmission into a rotational motion state, and thus can rotate the input shaft or drive shaft of the transmission at a first predetermined rotational speed.
[0021] This first predetermined rotational speed can be converted into a higher second predetermined rotational speed by the transformation ratio of the transmission or the spread of the transmission, and the output shaft or the transmission output shaft, more generally the transmission output section of the transmission, rotates at the second predetermined rotational speed. This rotational speed corresponds to the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the compressor because the drive shaft of the compressor and the transmission output section are press fit coupled. As a result, the elements or assemblies or blades of the compressor provided for the boost pressure increase are driven at a second higher rotational speed, and as a result, the boost pressure becomes immediately available in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine.
[0022] Therefore, by energizing the electromechanical device, the rotor assembly, or the element, or the assembly or blade of the compressor can be accelerated to the second predetermined rotational speed in a very short time. As a result, the boost pressure in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine increases in a very short time, and as a result, the boost pressure increase occurs immediately.
[0023] Therefore, when the internal combustion engine is in the low rotational speed range, that is, when the output means of the internal combustion engine is also operating at a low rotational speed, and thus when the clutch device is closed, the input shaft of the transmission will operate at a low rotational speed. Therefore, even if the increase in rotational speed by the transmission does not provide sufficient boost pressure in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine, in such an operating state of the internal combustion engine, the fact that the clutch device is open or is being opened means a strong acceleration of the input shaft of the transmission. By energizing the electromechanical device, a strong increase in the rotational speed of the input shaft of the transmission can be achieved in a short time. Due to the increase in rotational speed by the transmission, the rotational speed of the output shaft of the transmission will increase in a short time. Therefore, the current boost pressure in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine will increase in a short time, that is, the torque supplied by the internal combustion engine will increase significantly in a short time.
[0024] According to the development of the present invention, it is provided that the transmission is a spur gear transmission or a planetary gear transmission having a plurality of gear ratios. The spur gear transmission has the advantage of a cost-effective design of the transmission. The planetary gear transmission has the advantage of being a compact solution in terms of the required installation space, and also has the advantage that a wide spread or a sharp increase in rotational speed between the rotational speed of the input shaft of the transmission and the rotational speed of the output shaft of the transmission can be easily achieved. Here, assume that the rotational speed of the input shaft of the transmission is, for example, from about 4,000 revolutions per minute to about 15,000 revolutions per minute, and the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the compressor is within the range of from about 100,000 revolutions per minute to about 150,000 revolutions per minute.
[0025] According to the development of the present invention, it is also provided that the output means is a traction mechanism stage or a gear stage. The traction mechanism stage can be, for example, a chain drive unit or a toothed belt drive unit, and the drive wheel for the toothed chain or other types of chains, or the drive pulley for the toothed belt, can be arranged on the output shaft of the internal combustion engine. This output shaft can also be, for example, an output flange coupled to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, or a crankshaft stub. The driven wheel or driven pulley for the chain can be arranged on the driven input side of the clutch device.
[0026] With this configuration, the driven input side of the clutch device actuated by the internal combustion engine is brought into a rotational motion state. When the clutch device is closed, this rotational motion is transmitted as a rotational motion to the transmission input shaft or the transmission input part, and thus, rotational motion is introduced into the transmission, converted into a rotational motion with a higher rotational speed at the output side of the transmission, and this rotational motion is finally used to drive a compressor, for example, in the form of a scroll compressor unit, to increase the boost pressure.
[0027] According to a development of the present invention, it is also provided that the transmission input part comprises a transmission input shaft and the electromechanical device is rotationally fixedly coupled to the transmission input shaft. This includes a configuration in which the electromechanical device is rotationally fixedly arranged directly on the transmission input shaft, i.e., a configuration in which the electromechanical device or the electric motor is passed through the transmission input shaft. The transmission input shaft is rotatably mounted, for example, in a housing accommodating the aforementioned assembly and can simultaneously represent the output shaft of the electromechanical device, as a result of which a very compact configuration is achieved.
[0028] According to a development of the present invention, in a first operating state, the clutch device is closed and the drive shaft of the compressor is driven via the transmission by the output means of the internal combustion engine, and the motor cycle is configured to supply the internal combustion engine with charge air pressurized by the compressor. Thus, in this first operating state, a first load path is set, and this first load path is characterized in that the internal combustion engine drives the transmission input shaft at a first rotational speed via a closed clutch device, which may also be referred to as a disengaging clutch, and this rotational speed is converted by the transmission ratio of the transmission into a second, higher rotational speed, and a compressor, which is non-rotatably connected to the transmission output shaft and can be, for example, a scroll compressor, is operated at the second, higher rotational speed and the compressor supplies charge air compressed according to its rotational speed, and this charge air becomes available for the internal combustion engine.
[0029] According to the development of the present invention, in the second operating state, the clutch device is open, the drive shaft of the compressor coupled to the transmission output shaft is driven via the transmission, and this transmission is also provided to receive a rotational force on the input side by an electromechanical device. This second operating state is such that the clutch device is open, and the electromechanical device is controlled, for example via a control device, to apply a driving torque to the transmission input shaft, the transmission input shaft rotates at a first rotational speed, and this rotational speed is converted by the transmission at a higher second rotational speed by the gear ratio of the transmission, and then hits the transmission output part or the transmission output shaft, that is, the transmission output shaft rotates at a second high rotational speed, and thus, the compressor rotationally fixedly coupled to the transmission output shaft operates at the second high rotational speed.
[0030] This configuration corresponds, for example, to an operating state in which the internal combustion engine of a motorcycle is in a low rotational speed range and thus in a low output range. In such an operating state of the internal combustion engine, when a rider demand corresponding to a higher engine output from the internal combustion engine is detected, for example, when the user of the motorcycle wishes to start an overtaking operation, if the clutch device was closed, the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft, which still corresponded to the output rotational speed of the output means, is greatly increased by the application of torque by the electromechanical device, the closed clutch device is opened, the compressor is driven by an electric motor or an electromechanical device, thereby greatly increasing the output rotational speed of the transmission output shaft, and thus also greatly increasing the rotational speed of the compressor. This means that, according to the driver's wish, the internal combustion engine is immediately supplied with a larger mass flow rate of charge air pressurized at a higher boost pressure, which immediately increases the torque supplied by the internal combustion engine, and thus, for example, immediately supplies a greater driving force to the internal combustion engine for the overtaking operation described above. Thereby, the overtaking operation becomes significantly more dynamic.
[0031] Therefore, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine also immediately increases, and the rotational speed of the output means of the internal combustion engine also immediately increases until the rotational speed of the output means of the internal combustion engine matches the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft accelerated by the electromechanical device. As a result, the opened clutch device can be closed, and from this point on, the driving of the compressor is taken over by the internal combustion engine. Consequently, the electromechanical device can be set to an operating state different from the operating state in which the electromechanical device drives the transmission input shaft.
[0032] Thus, according to the development of the present invention, when the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine increases until it reaches a predetermined rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, the motorcycle is configured to maintain the second operating state with the clutch device open, and thereafter, the clutch device is closed and the electromechanical device is set to an operating state different from the operating state in which the electromechanical device is configured to drive the compressor.
[0033] According to the development of the present invention, the motorcycle is also configured such that the electromechanical device is in an operating state in which the electromechanical device drives a compressor to supply compressed charge air, or the electromechanical device is in a regenerative operating state in which the electromechanical device supplies electrical energy to the in-vehicle power supply system of the motorcycle, or the electromechanical device is in an operating state in which the electromechanical device supplies a driving force for driving the motorcycle that is added to the driving force of the internal combustion engine to drive the motorcycle.
[0034] According to the development of the present invention, when the intake engine driving force of the internal combustion engine is sufficient to drive the motorcycle, the motorcycle is configured to set the clutch device to the open state, and the electromechanical device is also set to the non-driven state.
[0035] Thereby, in the operating state or load state of the motorcycle where the internal combustion engine is operated in an intake engine state, i.e., without charging by a compressor, i.e., sufficient power is supplied from the internal combustion engine for this operating state, the motorcycle can set the switchable clutch device to the open state. At this time, the compressor is not driven by the internal combustion engine and does not receive driving force. In this state, the electric machine can also be set to the non-driven state. This means, on the one hand, that the total frictional losses of the internal combustion engine are reduced, meaning that the internal combustion engine requires less fuel and can thus be operated in an optimized consumption manner. Also, when the electric machine is set to the non-driven state, i.e., when the compressor is not driven and not set to regenerative operation, the regenerative operation of the electric machine does not require driving force from the internal combustion engine, so the total energy consumption of the motorcycle is further reduced.
[0036] Thereafter, for example, when a load demand is introduced to the motorcycle by the rider or user of the motorcycle operating the throttle twist grip of the motorcycle and this is detected by, for example, a control device, the control device can control the electric machine to drive the compressor to increase the boost pressure. Thereafter, the internal combustion engine immediately supplies additional power, the motorcycle accelerates, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine rises to the synchronization point already described, at which point the output rotational speed of the output means coincides with the rotational speed of the input shaft of the transmission driven by the electric motor or electric machine, and thereafter, the switchable clutch device can be closed to continue driving the compressor by the internal combustion engine. The electric machine can be stopped or switched to the regenerative operation state, for example, when it is necessary to charge the on-vehicle battery of the motorcycle via the on-vehicle power supply of the motorcycle.
[0037] Also, when the clutch device is closed, it is also possible to operate the electromechanical device by the motor, that is, it is possible to supply the driving force to the compressor through the electromechanical device, which means that the driving force required for the compressor that must be supplied by the internal combustion engine can be reduced. This means that the driving force required for the compressor can be utilized as the driving force for the motor cycle, and it means that the operating state of the motor cycle with maximum output or maximum acceleration can be provided.
[0038] According to the development of the present invention, it is also provided that the motor cycle is configured to adjust the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the compressor with respect to the demand for the charge air of the internal combustion engine by changing the output rotational speed of the transmission output. Thereby, the performance curve of the compressor can be adapted to the intake characteristics of the engine.
[0039] According to a development form of the present invention, the motor cycle detects an increase in the output demand of the internal combustion engine caused by the user of the motor cycle, and when the clutch device is open, drives the compressor to supply the compressed charge air, and until the internal combustion engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed range, it is configured to set the electromechanical device to an operating state that causes an increase in the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, and when the rotational speed range is reached, it is also provided that the clutch device is configured to close to drive the compressor by the driving means of the internal combustion engine.
[0040] Thereby, it is ensured that the compressor is not driven via the output means of the internal combustion engine and that the electric motor is set to the driving state in a pure intake engine operation state where the electric motor is in the switched-off state or, for example, operating regeneratively. In this case, the scroll compressor or the centrifugal compressor, or more generally the compressor, is set to a rotational speed that increases the charging pressure, for example by a control device, when a rider of the motor cycle demands power, for example by opening or further opening the throttle twist grip of the motor cycle. Thereby, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine also increases and the clutch device can be closed at the above-mentioned synchronization point, so that the compressor is further driven by the internal combustion engine itself, i.e. by the output means of the internal combustion engine.
[0041] According to a development of the invention, it is also provided that the motor cycle is configured to control a clutch device for driving a compressor such that the drive shaft of the compressor is driven via a transmission by both the electric machine and the internal combustion engine. In this way, the above-mentioned situation of maximum acceleration or maximum output of the internal combustion engine can be provided.
[0042] According to a development of the invention, it is also provided that the motor cycle is configured to determine the currently required driving force of the internal combustion engine depending on the current driving state of the motor cycle and to set the clutch device to the open state after determining that the current driving force provided in the intake engine operation of the internal combustion engine is sufficient to maintain the current driving state.
[0043] Thereby, it is no longer necessary for the internal combustion engine to supply driving force to maintain the operation of the compressor, and since the frictional force of the internal combustion engine can also be reduced, the efficiency of the motor cycle can be increased.
[0044] According to the development of the present invention, it is also provided that the clutch device is a clutch device that can be switched particularly by an electric motor or electromagnetically. The clutch device or the clutch only needs to perform the function of opening and closing. For example, the operating state of adjusting the slow rotation speed on the driven side and the output side of the clutch is not required, that is, the operating state corresponding to the slip of the friction clutch for adjusting the rotation speed is not required.
[0045] The rotation speed adjustment or rotation speed synchronization function can be provided by an electromechanical device, and this electromechanical device is appropriately controlled by, for example, a control device of a motorcycle. Therefore, the clutch is preferably designed as an electromagnetically operated clutch such that additional components for force-displacement control as required for a friction clutch are not necessary but possible.
[0046] Therefore, according to the development of the present invention, it is also provided that the control device is configured to open and close the clutch device in order to perform the above-described operation of the clutch for bringing about the open position or the opened position and the closed position.
[0047] Finally, according to the present invention, a motorcycle as described above is provided, and this motorcycle includes a front wheel, a rear wheel, and a rider saddle.
[0048] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0049]
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[0050] Figure 1 of the drawings schematically shows a motorcycle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0051] The motorcycle 1 includes front and rear wheels 3 and 4, a rider saddle 5, and in particular, a fuel tank 6, a throttle twist grip 2, and the like.
[0052] Furthermore, this motorcycle includes a schematically represented internal combustion engine 7, a charging device 8 also schematically represented, and a control device 9 also schematically represented.
[0053] The charging device 8 is shown in detail in FIGS. 2 to 4 of the drawings.
[0054] The internal combustion engine 7 includes an output means 10, which can be seen, for example, from FIG. 2 of the drawings and is represented as a chain drive device 11 including a chain 12 that can be, for example, a toothed chain in the illustrated embodiment. This chain drive device 11 is driven by a chain pinion not shown in more detail and can be arranged on the output element of the internal combustion engine 7, that is, it can be rotationally fixedly arranged, for example, on the output shaft or crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 7.
[0055] The chain 12 thus driven by the internal combustion engine 7 runs on a sprocket 13, which is rotationally fixedly arranged on a shaft segment 14 or a shaft 14. The rotational force transmitted by the chain 12 in this way is introduced by the shaft 14 to an input element 15 of a switchable clutch device 16 arranged between the output means 10 and the transmission input part 17.
[0056] The clutch device 16 is depicted in the closed position in Figure 2 of the drawings, but in Figure 3 of the drawings, the clutch device 16 is depicted in the open position or the opened position.
[0057] In the closed position of the clutch device 16 according to Figure 2, the rotational force is thereby transmitted into or to the transmission input part 17, and in the open position or the opened position of the clutch device 16, the transmission of the rotational force from the output means 10 to the transmission input part 17 is interrupted.
[0058] Figure 2 of the drawings also shows that the charging device 8 comprises an electromechanical machine 18 or an electric motor 18, which in the depicted embodiment is rotationally fixedly arranged on a section 19 of the transmission input shaft 26 extending to the electromechanical machine 18. Alternatively, the electromechanical machine 18 can also be rotationally fixedly arranged on the compressor shaft or the compressor drive shaft 21 of the compressor 20.
[0059] The transmission 22 depicted in the drawings is a planetary transmission 22, which advantageously provides a very good solution in terms of the required installation space, the associated weight and cost, and furthermore, the planetary transmission 22 can also convert the input rotational speed of the transmission input part 17 into a very high output rotational speed of the transmission output part 23 due to its wide range of high rotational speeds.
[0060] In the depicted embodiment of the charging device 8, the transmission output part 23 is rotationally fixedly coupled to the compressor drive shaft 21.
[0061] In the depicted embodiment, the compressor 20 is a scroll compressor 24, but compressors of different designs can also be used according to the present invention. The scroll compressor has the advantages of a low-cost design and also the advantage of a relatively low moment of rotational inertia. Therefore, the rotor assembly of the scroll compressor 24 having blades not depicted in detail can be accelerated to a high rotational speed in a short time.
[0062] As can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the charging device 8 is arranged in a space-saving manner within the housing 25, which requires only a small installation space and is therefore designed for arrangement on the motorcycle 1 according to FIG. 1.
[0063] In the operating state of the clutch device 16 depicted in FIG. 2 of the drawings, the clutch device 16 is closed for the transmission of the rotational force from the output means 10 to the transmission input portion 17, and the transmission input shaft 26, which is attached to the housing 25 by two bearings 27, is driven via the internal combustion engine 7 in this operating state corresponding to the first load path, that is, by the output means 10.
[0064] Therefore, in this first operating state, the clutch device 16 is closed, and the drive shaft 21 of the compressor 20 is driven by the output means 10 of the internal combustion engine via the planetary gear transmission 22. In this way, pressurized charge air is supplied to an intake passage of the internal combustion engine 7, which is not shown in more detail, and this charge air becomes available for the internal combustion engine for combustion with fuel from the fuel tank 6, which is supplied, for example, by an injection system of the internal combustion engine 7 that is not shown in more detail.
[0065] Therefore, in the first operating state, the internal combustion engine 7 drives the transmission input shaft 26 at a first rotational speed via the closed clutch device 16, and this rotational speed is significantly increased to a second rotational speed by the planetary gear transmission 22 having the ring gear 28, the planetary gears 29, the planetary carrier 30, and the sun gear 31, and is transmitted to the compressor drive shaft 21 via the transmission output portion 23 having the transmission output shaft 32, enabling the scroll compressor 24 to supply pressurized charge air to the intake passage of the internal combustion engine 7.
[0066] In the second operating state depicted in FIG. 3 of the drawings, the clutch device 16 is open, and the opening of the clutch device can be brought about, for example, by a control device 9 that actuates a switching element of the clutch device 16 that can be switched electrically, for example, to open the clutch device.
[0067] In this second operating state, the rotational force is not transmitted to the planetary gearbox 22 via the clutch device 16. In the second operating state, as can be seen from the stylized current arrow 33 in FIG. 3, the clutch device is open, and the drive shaft of the compressor 20 is driven by the electromechanical machine 18. Thus, the motorcycle 1 is configured to supply the internal combustion engine 7 with the charge air pressurized by the compressor 20.
[0068] When the internal combustion engine 7 is in the low rotational speed range, this low rotational speed range is characterized in that the internal combustion engine 7 is operated in a pure intake engine mode, i.e., no charge air is supplied by the compressor 20, or the clutch device 16 is closed, but the rotational speed of the compressor 20 is set by the control device 9 such that only a low mass flow rate of charge air, or a low pressure level of charge air, is supplied. For example, a situation may occur where the rider of the motorcycle 1 wishes to perform an overtaking operation.
[0069] The rider starts the overtaking operation by operating the throttle twist grip 2 of the motorcycle 1 such that the control device 9 can derive the rider's request. In this request, a higher output is required from the internal combustion engine 7 than that provided before the previous operating state, i.e., before the opening operation of the throttle twist grip 2 by the rider of the motorcycle.
[0070] The rider's request can be determined, for example, by monitoring the opening angle or rotational angle of the throttle twist grip 2 of the motorcycle 1, or by monitoring the speed at which the throttle twist grip 2 is opened by the rider of the motorcycle.
[0071] Next, when the clutch device 16 is in the closed state, the control device 9 controls the clutch device 16 to open. After it is confirmed that the clutch device 16 is in the open state, the control device 9 controls the electromechanical device 18 to be energized, and the transmission input shaft 26 is accelerated in a very short time to reach an increased rotational speed.
[0072] Therefore, by energizing this electric motor or electromechanical device 18, the transmission output shaft 32, and thus the drive shaft 21 of the compressor 24, are set to a very high rotational speed in a very short time due to the high gear ratio of the planetary transmission 22. Therefore, the scroll compressor 24 in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine 7 supplies charged air pressurized at a high boost pressure. As a result, the driving force supplied by the internal combustion engine 7 is increased in a short time. Therefore, the rider's desire for an increase in driving force during the motor cycle is taken into account. Therefore, by energizing the electric motor 18, the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft 26 is significantly increased in a short time, that is, to a rotational speed higher than the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft 26 when the transmission input shaft 26 is driven by the internal combustion engine 7.
[0073] For this reason, if the clutch device 16 was closed before a rider's request to increase engine output was detected, the transmission input shaft 26 rotated at a rotational speed lower than the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft 26 after the clutch device 16 was opened and the transmission input shaft 26 was accelerated by energizing the electromechanical device 18. Therefore, by energizing the electromechanical device 18, the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft 26 will exceed the rotational speed set by the rotational operation of the transmission input shaft 26 by the internal combustion engine 7.
[0074] Therefore, the internal combustion engine 7 is supplied with a boost pressure for an overtaking operation in accordance with specific requirements of the internal combustion engine 7. The internal combustion engine 7 generates a greater driving force, and the overtaking operation becomes more dynamic.
[0075] The increase in the driving force of the internal combustion engine 7 results in an increase in the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 7, for example, of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine in which a chain pinion (not shown in more detail) of the chain drive 11 is arranged. Thereby, the rotational speed of the input element 15 of the clutch device 16 also increases.
[0076] Therefore, the second operating state in which the clutch device is open can be maintained until a predetermined rotational speed of the internal combustion engine is reached as the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 7 increases, after which the clutch device is closed and the electric machine 18 can be set to an operating state different from the operating state adapted to drive the compressor 20.
[0077] When the user of the motorcycle operates the throttle twist grip 2 to determine the load demand, the compressor 20 is set to an increase in high rotational speed by energizing the electric machine 18, and the boost pressure increases. Then, the internal combustion engine 7 supplies a greater driving force and the motorcycle 1 accelerates. At the same time, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine rises to a synchronization point at which the mechanical drive of the compressor 20 supplies the same boost pressure by means of the output means 10 and the closed clutch device 16. At this point, the clutch device 16 is closed and the electric drive of the compressor 20 can be deactivated by the electric motor 18 or the electric machine 18. Therefore, it is possible to switch off the electric machine 18 or switch to the regeneration mode, for example, to charge the battery of the motorcycle arranged in the on-board power supply system of the motorcycle 1 via the on-board power supply system of the motorcycle 1 if the state of charge of the battery requires this.
[0078] Therefore, the motorcycle 1 can be set to an operating state in which the electric machine 18 drives the compressor 20 to supply compressed charge air, or to a regeneration operating state in which it supplies electrical energy to the on-board power supply system of the motorcycle, or to an operating state in which it supplies the driving force for operating the motorcycle.
[0079] Therefore, the electromechanical machine 18 can be operated by the motor even when the clutch device 16 is closed, and the driving force of the internal combustion engine 7 required to drive the compressor 20 is thus reduced, which means that the driving force of the internal combustion engine 7 that is no longer required to drive the compressor 20 is available for the propulsion of the motor cycle 1, i.e., the maximum acceleration of the motor cycle 1 can be achieved simultaneously with the maximum output situation being achieved. Both the internal combustion engine 7 and the electromechanical machine 18 supply power.
[0080] Figure 4 of the drawings shows this operating state in which the clutch device 16 is closed, i.e., the driving force from the internal combustion engine 7 is transmitted to the transmission input part 17 via the output means 10 and thus to the scroll compressor 24, and the driving force is also transmitted to the transmission input part 17 via the electromechanical machine 18 so that a boosting function or an overboost function can be implemented.
[0081] Figure 5 of the drawings is a plot of the rotational speed of the compressor against the engine rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 7.
[0082] The straight line 34 shows a constant rotational speed ratio between the engine rotational speed and the compressor rotational speed.
[0083] A diagram showing a rapid acceleration of the internal combustion engine 7 at full load is depicted. In the range labeled "range 1EM", the electromechanical machine 18 is energized to accelerate the compressor 20 along a curve 35 showing the rotational speed requirement of the compressor 20 plotted against the engine rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 7, and as a result, the compressor 20 increases its rotational speed from 100,000 revolutions to approximately 118,100 revolutions in the illustrated embodiment.
[0084] The intersection point 36 indicates the rotational speed range of the internal combustion engine 7 at approximately 8,000 revolutions per minute. In this rotational speed range, due to the drive of the compressor 24, charge air or boost pressure is supplied via the transmission 22 driven by the output means 10 of the internal combustion engine 7. Therefore, the electrically actuated or actuatable electric clutch device 16 can be closed, and thus the electric machine 18 can be switched off or switched to a regenerative operation, for example, to supply a charging current to the vehicle battery of the motorcycle 1. This range is labeled "Range 2VKM" in the figure according to FIG. 5.
[0085] The motorcycle according to the invention having an internal combustion engine is characterized by a charging device for the internal combustion engine. This charging device, on the one hand, can be driven by the internal combustion engine itself by means of the mechanical output of the internal combustion engine, and on the other hand, can also be driven by an electric machine or can be driven simultaneously by both drive devices. This charging device has, for example, a mechanically driven compressor in the form of a scroll compressor unit. This compressor is downstream of the transmission, and the output side of this transmission is driven by the aforementioned internal combustion engine and / or electric machine. The transmission converts the input rotational speed of the transmission into a higher output rotational speed, whereby the mechanically driven compressor is directly driven.
[0086] When the motorcycle is operated in the partial load range of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine can drive the compressor by means of a closed clutch device. The drive rotational speed on the input side of the preferably used planetary transmission is scaled up to the output rotational speed by the planetary transmission, and the compressor shaft of the mechanical compressor is driven thereby. According to its rotational speed, the compressor supplies compressed charge air, which the internal combustion engine can utilize.
[0087] When the internal combustion engine is in the low - speed range and the rider of the motorcycle, for example, wants to perform an overtaking operation, the rider usually operates the throttle twist grip on the motorcycle's handlebar, which is detected by the control device. Then the control device can open the closed clutch device and supply current to the electric machine at the same time, accelerating the input rotational speed of the transmission input shaft and setting it to a high input rotational speed. This input rotational speed of the transmission is scaled up by the planetary transmission and converted to a significantly higher output rotational speed on the output side of the transmission, and is directly supplied to the compressor drive shaft. In this operating state, the electric machine drives the compressor so that the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft provided by the electric machine is higher than the current rotational speed of the transmission input shaft before the internal combustion engine is applied to the transmission input shaft. The compressor supplies boost pressure to the internal combustion engine as needed, the internal combustion engine generates more power, and the overtaking operation desired by the motorcycle rider becomes more dynamic.
[0088] At the same time, the rotational speed of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine increases, and the increase in rotational speed can occur up to a rotational speed range in which the crankshaft or output means of the internal combustion engine driven by the internal combustion engine has the same rotational speed as the output element acting on the transmission input shaft. When this equalization of rotational speed occurs, the clutch device can be closed, the compressor can be driven by the output means by the internal combustion engine, and the electric machine can be switched to another operating mode or turned off. The other operating mode can be, for example, a regeneration mode or a boost mode, in which the electric machine continues to rotate the transmission input shaft, and as a result, drives the compressor or drives the compressor together with the internal combustion engine. Thereby, the driving work performed by the internal combustion engine to drive the compressor is reduced, and the internal combustion engine can provide more power to propel the motorcycle.
[0089] In the mode or operating state where the clutch device is closed, the electric machine connected to the compressor drive shaft supplies electrical energy to the vehicle - mounted power system of the motorcycle and can also be operated in a regeneration mode, for example, to charge the battery of the motorcycle.
[0090] In the operating state of a motorcycle where the internal combustion engine can operate at low rotational speeds and low loads and the intake engine operation of the internal combustion engine provides sufficient power, it is advantageous to open the clutch device. This means that the compressor is in a stopped state and does not receive driving force. This also reduces the total frictional driving force of the internal combustion engine and reduces the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine. In such an operating state, when the rider operates the throttle twist grip to make a load request, the compressor is rapidly accelerated electromechanically to increase the boost pressure, which can reach the synchronization point already described, at which point the mechanical drive of the compressor supplies the same boost pressure as when electrically operated, and the electric drive can be deactivated or switched to regenerative operation.
[0091] Also, when the clutch device is closed, the electromechanical device can be engine-operated, so the driving force of the internal combustion engine for the compressor can be reduced, and more driving force of the internal combustion engine can be supplied for the acceleration of the motorcycle, achieving maximum acceleration.
[0092] Also, although a planetary gearbox has been given as an embodiment of the gearbox, for example, it is also possible to provide a multi-stage gearbox in the form of a spur gear type gearbox having a plurality of gear stages. It is only necessary to provide a spread in the rotational speed of the gearbox required for the operation of the compressor.
[0093] The clutch device is preferably an electrically switchable, i.e., electromagnetically actuated, clutch, as is known, for example, in the application of a switchable air conditioning compressor.
[0094] The driving force provided by the internal combustion engine depends directly on the available boost pressure. For example, an engine control unit, which can be the aforementioned control device, determines, for example, the current pressure and temperature in the intake area of the internal combustion engine by means of a sensor that detects the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, sensor values corresponding to the current pressure and / or temperature in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and / or in the exhaust gas system of the internal combustion engine, and, for example, the required boost pressure for the desired target engine performance from the rider's demand detectable by the rotational angle of the throttle twist grip of a motorcycle. Thus, control depending on load and rotational speed is carried out. Other parameters are also detected, such as, for example, the state of charge of the battery of a motorcycle, and are used, for example, to determine whether to put an electromechanical machine into regenerative operation and the time therefor.
[0095] When setting the electromechanical machine to regenerative operation, a driving force from the internal combustion engine is required to drive the electromechanical machine being regeneratively operated. In this case, the driving force of the internal combustion engine can be increased by the amount of driving force required for the regenerative operation of the electromechanical machine.
[0096] That is, the driving force of the internal combustion engine does not decrease perceptibly for the rider of the motorcycle. When the motorcycle is in a driving state sufficient with the driving force supplied from the intake internal combustion engine, i.e., when there is no supercharging, the compressor is in a stopped state and the electromechanical machine is also in a switched-off state. When charging the motorcycle battery in such a state, the clutch device can be closed after synchronization of the rotational speeds of the input side and the output side of the clutch device, and the electromechanical machine can be operated in a regenerative manner.
[0097] In the starting stage of the internal combustion engine, since a sufficient temperature for exhaust gas aftertreatment in the exhaust gas system has not yet been reached, a so-called secondary air system for supporting exhaust gas aftertreatment is advantageous. Such a secondary air system usually uses an electrically operated air conveyance device that conveys air to the exhaust gas system.
[0098] In addition, the motorcycle according to the present invention is characterized in that, in such an operating state after the internal combustion engine is started, more air than the air required for the operation of the internal combustion engine can be sent by an electric machine using a charging device. This surplus air can be supplied to the exhaust gas system for exhaust gas aftertreatment with the help of a control valve.
[0099] The motorcycle according to the present invention is characterized in that it can reduce frictional losses and charging cycle losses in the partial load range.
[0100] Since the compressor can be driven mechanically or electrically, the torque curve provided by the internal combustion engine can be designed almost freely. In addition, it is also possible for the control device to provide a torque curve depending on the drive program. The compressor can be set to the stop mode by a clutch device. That is, since it cannot be driven by either the internal combustion engine or the electric machine, the fuel required for the internal combustion engine or the motorcycle can be reduced.
[0101] Since the in-vehicle power supply system of the motorcycle can be energized by the regenerative operation of the electric machine, there is no need to add a generator for charging the in-vehicle power supply system.
[0102] Compared with the case where the compressor is operated purely electrically, the motorcycle according to the present invention has the advantage that the compressor can be driven by the internal combustion engine as desired. Therefore, the battery of the motorcycle can be designed with a significantly smaller capacity compared to a system in which the compressor is driven only electrically, thereby achieving the advantage of the weight of the motorcycle.
[0103] Regarding the features of the present invention not described in more detail above, reference should be made to the claims and the drawings.
Explanation of Reference Numerals
[0104] 1. Motorcycle 2. Throttle twist grip 3. Front wheel 4. Rear wheel 5. Rider saddle 6. Fuel tank 7. Internal combustion engine 8. Charging device 9. Control device 10. Output means 11. Chain drive 12. Chain 13. Sprocket 14. Shaft segment, shaft 15. Input element 16. Switchable clutch device 17. Transmission input section 18. Electromechanical, electric motor 19. Section 20. Compressor 21. Compressor drive shaft 22. Planetary transmission, transmission 23. Transmission output section 24. Scroll compressor 25. Housing 26. Transmission input shaft 27. Bearing 28. Ring gear 29. Planet gear 30. Planet carrier 31. Sun gear 32. Transmission output shaft 33. Current arrow 34. Straight line 35. Curve 36. Intersection point
Claims
1. An internal combustion engine (7) comprising an output means (10) and a charging device (8) for the internal combustion engine (7); A control device (9); an electric machine (18); The charging device (8) comprises a compressor (20) having a drive shaft (21), and a transmission (22) having a transmission input portion (17) and a transmission output portion (23); The compressor (20) is coupled to the transmission output (23) via the drive shaft (21) in a pressure-fit manner; said transmission input (17) being adapted to be driven by said electric machine (18) and / or said output means (10); The motorcycle (1), further comprising a switchable clutch device (16) provided between the output means (10) of the internal combustion engine (7) and the transmission input (17).
2. 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the transmission (22) is a spur gear transmission having a plurality of speed stages or a planetary transmission (22).
3. 3. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output means (10) is a traction mechanism stage or a gear stage.
4. The transmission input portion (17) includes a transmission input shaft (26), 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the electric machine (18) is rotationally fixedly coupled to the transmission input shaft (26).
5. In a first operating state, The clutch device (16) is closed, The drive shaft (21) of the compressor (20) is driven by the output means (10) of the internal combustion engine (7) via the transmission (22); 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the motorcycle (1) is configured to supply charge air pressurized by the compressor (20) to the internal combustion engine (7).
6. In the second operating state, The clutch device (16) is open, the drive shaft (21) of the compressor (20) is driven by the electric machine (18); 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the motorcycle (1) is configured to supply charge air pressurized by the compressor (20) to the internal combustion engine (7).
7. 7. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 6, wherein the clutch device (16) is configured to maintain the second operating state with the clutch device (16) open when the speed of the internal combustion engine (7) increases until a predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine (7) is reached, after which the clutch device (16) is closed and the electric machine (18) is set to an operating state different from an operating state configured to drive the compressor (20).
8. 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, configured to put the electric machine (18) into an operating state in which the electric machine (18) drives the compressor (20) to supply compressed charge air, or into a regenerative operating state in which the electric machine (18) supplies electrical energy to an on-board power supply system of the motorcycle (1), or into an operating state in which the electric machine (18) supplies a driving force for driving the motorcycle (1) which is added to the driving force of the internal combustion engine to drive the motorcycle (1).
9. 2. The motorcycle (1) of claim 1, wherein the motorcycle (1) is configured to set the clutch device (16) to an open state and the electric machine (18) to a non-driving state when the intake engine driving force of the internal combustion engine (7) is sufficient to drive the motorcycle (1).
10. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the motorcycle (1) is configured to adjust the rotation speed of the drive shaft (21) of the compressor (20) in response to the demand for charge air of the internal combustion engine (7) by changing the output rotation speed of the transmission output section (23).
11. the motorcycle (1) is configured to detect an increase in a power demand of the internal combustion engine (7) caused by a user of the motorcycle (1) and, when the clutch device (16) is open, to drive the compressor (20) to supply compressed charge air and to set the electric machine (18) in an operating state resulting in an increase in the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (7) until a predetermined rotational speed range of the internal combustion engine (7) is reached; 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the motorcycle (1) is configured to close the clutch device (16) when the rotational speed range is reached in order to drive the compressor (20) by the output means (10) of the internal combustion engine (7).
12. 2. The motorcycle (1) of claim 1, configured to control the clutch device (16) to drive the compressor (20) such that the drive shaft (21) of the compressor (20) is driven by both the electric machine (18) and the internal combustion engine (7) via the transmission (22).
13. 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, configured to determine a currently required driving force of the internal combustion engine (7) which depends on a current driving state of the motorcycle (1) and to set the clutch device (16) to an open state after determining that the current driving force provided in an aspirated engine operation of the internal combustion engine (7) is sufficient.
14. 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the clutch device (16) is a clutch device (16) that can be switched, in particular by an electric motor.
15. 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the control device (9) is configured to control opening and closing of the clutch device (16).
16. 2. The motorcycle (1) according to claim 1, comprising a front wheel (3) and a rear wheel (4), a rider saddle (5) and a throttle twist grip (2).