Disc harrow-type tilling work machine

Abstract

To provide a disk harrow-type tilling work machine capable of eliminating disk passing furrows by backfilling, the disk passing furrows formed and left on the ground after a field is tilled by a disk group rotatably provided at prescribed intervals in a horizontal direction.SOLUTION: A disc harrow-type tilling work machine includes a disk group rotatably provided at prescribed intervals in a horizontal direction for tilling the soil of a field and crushing the tilled soil clods, and a roller positioned behind the disk group for crushing the tilled soil clods, where the roller is equipped with a soil returning body, and the soil returning body uses the soil crushed by the roller to backfill disk passing furrows generated on the ground after the disk group has tilled and crushed the soil.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a disk harrow type tillage implement that is connected to a towing vehicle such as a tractor to till a field.

Background Art

[0002] The soil in a field where crops are cultivated is often trampled by people, agricultural machinery, etc. or beaten by rain during the growth of the crops, so that its surface layer becomes hard and solidifies. Also, stubble remains in the soil after harvesting the crops, crop residues such as stems and leaves of the crops remain on the soil surface (ground), compost is spread, or weeds proliferate if no measures are taken.

[0003] Therefore, when sowing or transplanting seedlings in such a field, first, by digging up or turning over the hard-packed soil to till (plow), stubble, crop residues, weeds, compost, etc. are buried in the soil so as not to become an obstacle to sowing or transplanting work. Also, by crushing the plowed soil clods to an appropriate size to soften the soil (soil crushing), it is necessary to improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil and prepare a soil environment suitable for the growth of the crops.

[0004] And when performing tillage operations such as soil plowing and soil crushing of this soil using a working machine without relying on manual labor, after performing reverse plowing of the soil using a plowing machine such as a plow, a working machine responsible for soil crushing and intertillage such as a disk harrow or a cultivator is used to crush the soil clods and eliminate unevenness to make it flat. Also, when it is troublesome to perform reverse plowing with a plow and then replace the working machine with a disk harrow, etc. to perform soil crushing plowing, or when deep plowing with a plow is disliked, it is generally performed to use a rotary tillage device.

[0005] However, here, since the rotary tiller rotates the tilling claws by the power of the engine mounted on the tractor, tills the field while crushing the soil and stirring it, although it has excellent soil crushing properties, due to the increase in tilling load associated with stirring, it is difficult to perform high-speed tilling operations with an increased vehicle speed of the tractor. The operator is forced to perform tilling operations at a low speed for a long time, resulting in poor work efficiency and high fuel costs.

[0006] On the other hand, the aforementioned disk harrow uses the weight of the working machine without using the power of the engine mounted on the tractor, stabs a disk-shaped disc (disk) into the ground, and tears (cuts and breaks) soil, stubble, etc. by towing this with a tractor. Therefore, it does not turn over the soil like a plow or stir the soil like a rotary tiller, so the tilling load can be minimized and high-speed operation is possible, which has advantages such as improved work efficiency due to shortened working hours and fuel cost savings.

[0007] Therefore, in view of such advantages, recently, attention has been paid to using the disk harrow, which has hitherto been mainly used in fields as a working machine for soil crushing tillage, as a tilling working machine for rough tillage of paddy fields and paddy field conversion fields. However, since the disk harrow is a working machine developed overseas where large-scale agriculture is carried out on vast farmlands, in Japan where the farmland area is narrow and intensive agriculture is practiced, the imported working machines from overseas are too large and difficult to handle in narrow fields, there are problems with adaptability to soils in various regions, and there is room for improvement.

[0008] In addition, there are not many patent applications for tilling working machines using disk harrows in Japan, but they have been applied for a long time. For example, a combined working machine equipped with a front disk harrow, a cultivator, a rear disk harrow, and a cage roller on a rectangular frame connected to the hydraulic three-point link hitch of a tractor (see Patent Document 1), a tilling working machine equipped with a subsoil furrow body, a disk plow row, and a soil crushing and compressing roller (see Patent Document 2), etc. are known.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-225003 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-68528 [Summary of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

[0010] As described above, when using a disk harrow for tillage operations such as rough tillage of fields, the working efficiency can be improved by high-speed tillage operations, and fuel can be saved, leading to a significant cost reduction. Therefore, a compact disk harrow type tillage machine with a relatively small working width that can be handled without problems even in fields with a small farmland area is developed.

[0011] And when performing tillage operations using this developed working machine, it was possible to finish the working machine with the performance as originally planned. However, when carefully examining the tillage marks after tilling the field using this working machine, a substantially V-shaped depression formed by the disk of this working machine plowing up or crushing the soil and digging it up could be seen on the ground, and it was confirmed that this depression continuously formed a disk passage groove in the traveling direction of the tillage operation.

[0012] That is, the newly developed disk harrow type tillage machine, like the conventional tillage machine using a disk harrow, is provided with a working machine frame that is connected to a tractor and towed. A number of disks are rotatably attached to this working machine frame at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction orthogonal to the traveling direction (working direction) in which the tractor moves forward, constituting a disk group.

[0013] And a number of disks constituting this disk group form a curved surface that is concave at its central part and shaped like a dish. Also, when individually attaching the disks to the working machine frame via disk arms so as to be rotatable, the curved surface of each disk faces obliquely upward and is attached at an angle (gang angle) that is oblique with respect to the working direction.

[0014] When the disk harrow type tillage implement configured in this way is connected to a tractor and operated for travel, each disk provided at a predetermined interval in the left - right direction penetrates the ground due to the weight of the implement or the like and cuts the soil, stubble, crop residues, etc. below. Further, since the disk that penetrates the ground rotates as the tractor moves forward, the soil clods and soil that ride on the curved surface of the disk and are lifted upward are then thrown obliquely rearward.

[0015] Also, the soil clods and soil thrown obliquely rearward fall into the substantially V - shaped depressions formed on the ground and their peripheries when the disks adjacent to each other in the left - right direction cut and lift the soil clods and soil, filling and hiding these depressions. Therefore, these depressions cannot be visually recognized as disk - passing grooves continuous in the traveling direction of the tillage operation.

[0016] However, in the depression formed on the ground by the disk that throws the soil clods and soil that it has plowed or crushed, which is located on the outermost side in the left - right direction among the disk group, toward the rear side closer to the center of the disk group, none of the remaining disks in the disk group throws soil clods or soil to fill it. Therefore, this depression can be clearly visually recognized as a disk - passing groove continuous on the ground in the traveling direction of the tillage operation.

[0017] The disk harrow type tillage implement is provided with a roller for crushing the soil clods plowed or crushed by the disk group behind the aforementioned disk group. However, even if this roller crushes the soil clods thrown by the disk that forms the disk - passing groove toward the rear side among the aforementioned disk group, there is no supply of soil clods or soil sufficient to fill the substantially V - shaped depression formed by the disk at the position corresponding to the disk - passing groove of the roller. Therefore, the substantially V - shaped depression formed by the disk cannot be filled by the roller, and the disk - passing groove still remains on the ground.

[0018] And if disk passing grooves remain in the field after tilling in this manner, it becomes impossible to sow crop seeds or plant seedlings in these disk passing grooves, so the grooves must be filled in separately. Also, since water accumulates in these disk passing grooves and hinders the drying of the surrounding soil, not only can the dry soil effect of promoting the decomposition of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms and increasing nitrogen fertilizer not be expected, but there is also a risk of deterioration of the drainage permeability due to waterlogging of the field.

[0019] Therefore, in view of such problems, etc., the present invention aims to solve the problem of providing a disk harrow type tillage working machine that can fill in and eliminate the disk passing grooves formed and left on the ground after tilling a field by a disk group rotatably provided at a predetermined interval in the left - right direction.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0020] The disk harrow type tillage working machine of the present invention, to solve the above problems, first, has a disk group rotatably provided at a predetermined interval in the left - right direction for tilling the soil of the field and crushing the tilled soil lumps, and a roller positioned behind this disk group for crushing the tilled soil lumps. Further, a soil - returning body is attached to the roller, and this soil - returning body uses the soil crushed by the roller to fill in the disk passing grooves formed on the ground after the disk group has performed tilling and crushing.

[0021] Second, in the disk harrow type tillage working machine of the present invention, the roller is provided with a large number of crushing bodies that are long in the left - right direction on its outer peripheral part. These crushing bodies throw the soil lumps tilled or crushed by the disk group backward while crushing them. The soil - returning body is provided between the large number of crushing bodies provided on the outer peripheral part of the roller, and throws the crushed soil by the crushing bodies and itself obliquely backward to fill in the disk passing grooves.

[0022] Furthermore, thirdly, the disk harrow type tillage implement of the present invention forms the disk group into a front row disk group and a rear row disk group, and the front and rear disk groups make the throwing directions of the soil clods plowed or crushed on the left rear side and the right rear side different. Also, each disk of the rear row disk group is arranged so as to face the rear between adjacent disks of the front row disk group, so that the rear row disk group tills or crushes the uncultivated land left by the front row disk group. And thus, the disk passing grooves formed on the ground after the disk group tills or crushes the soil are exclusively formed by the disks located on the outermost sides in the left-right direction within the rear row disk group, which throw the soil clods they have plowed or crushed toward the roller side.

[0023] Fourthly, the disk harrow type tillage implement of the present invention is provided with deflecting plates on the front row and rear row disk groups to prevent the throwing of the soil clods or soil they throw to the left and right outer sides beyond the cultivated land they plow themselves. Thereby, it is characterized in that it prevents the ridges-like rising of the ground caused by the soil clods or soil plowed or crushed by the front and rear disk groups and thrown to the outer side in the left-right direction from exceeding the cultivated land they plow themselves.

Advantages of the Invention

[0024] According to the disk harrow type tillage implement of the present invention, a disk group is rotatably provided at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction for tilling the soil in the field and crushing the tilled soil clods, and a roller for crushing the tilled soil clods is provided behind the disk group. Also, a soil-returning body is attached to the roller, and the soil-returning body uses the soil crushed by the roller to fill the disk passing grooves formed on the ground after the disk group tills or crushes the soil. Therefore, the disk passing grooves can be eliminated from the tilled or crushed ground, and the soil can be adjusted to be suitable for the growth of crops.

[0025] In addition, according to the disk harrow type tillage implement of the present invention, the roller is provided with a large number of crushing bodies that are long in the left-right direction on its outer peripheral portion, and these crushing bodies throw the soil lumps plowed or crushed by the disk group backward while crushing them, and the soil returning body is provided between the large number of crushing bodies provided on the outer peripheral portion of the roller, and throws the crushed soil by the crushing bodies and itself obliquely backward to fill the disk passing groove. Therefore, the crushing bodies provided on the roller can level the field evenly, making subsequent operations easier, and the soil returning body can be provided on the roller simply, inexpensively, and effectively together with the crushing bodies.

[0026] Furthermore, according to the disk harrow type tillage implement of the present invention, the disk group is composed of a front row disk group and a rear row disk group, and the front and rear disk groups make the throwing directions of the soil lumps plowed or crushed on the left rear side and the right rear side different. Also, each disk of the rear row disk group is arranged so as to face the rear between adjacent disks of the front row disk group, so that the rear row disk group plows or crushes the unplowed land left by the front row disk group. And thus, the disk passing grooves formed on the ground after the disk group has performed plowing or crushing are solely formed by the disks located on the outermost sides in the left-right direction within the rear row disk group, which throw the soil lumps plowed or crushed by themselves toward the roller side.

[0027] Therefore, the soil within the working width can be plowed or crushed at one time without leaving unplowed land by the front and rear two rows of disk groups, and the disk passing grooves formed on the ground after plowing or crushing can be suppressed to one location even when two disk groups are provided. As a result, the amount of soil to be filled back into the disk passing grooves can be reduced, so it is only necessary to provide the soil returning body at one location in the left-right direction of the crushing bodies provided on the outer peripheral portion of the roller, and the material cost of the soil returning body can also be reduced.

[0028] According to the disk harrow type tillage implement of the present invention, deflector plates are provided on the disk groups in the front row and the rear row to prevent the thrown soil clods and soil from being thrown outward to the left and right beyond the cultivated land to be tilled by itself. As a result, the disk groups in the front and rear till or crush the soil, and the soil clods and soil thrown outward in the left-right direction are prevented from causing the ridge-shaped ground swelling caused by exceeding the cultivated land to be tilled by itself. Therefore, no disk passing grooves remain in the field after tillage, and no swelling of the soil clods thrown by the disks occurs. Moreover, the cultivated land that has been tilled or crushed can be evenly leveled and beautifully finished on the entire surface by the roller.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0030] Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the disk harrow type tillage implement 3 of the present invention that is connected (directly mounted) to a three-point link 2 (top link 2a, left and right lower links 2b, 2b) provided at the rear of a tractor 1 and tills a field as the tractor 1 moves forward includes a work implement frame 4 that is lightened by simplifying the structure using lightweight square steel pipes (square pipes).

[0031] More specifically, this working machine frame 4 includes left and right main frames 4a and 4b that are long in the front-rear direction consistent with the forward traveling direction of the tractor 1 during tilling operations, front and rear disk frames 4c and 4d that are long in the left-right direction and are fixed to the upper surfaces of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b and are orthogonal to the forward traveling direction, left and right sub-frames 4e and 4f that are long in the front-rear direction and are fixed to the upper surfaces near the left and right ends of the front and rear disk frames 4c and 4d, and a connecting frame 4g in the left-right direction that connects the middle part near the rear of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b.

[0032] And, a top link mast 5 and a support plate 6 formed by bending a steel plate are attached to the front part of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b of this working machine frame 4, and a top link pin 7 for connecting to the top link 2a is provided at the upper part of this top link mast 5. Also, U-shaped link brackets 8 are respectively fixed to the front end faces of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b, and a lower link pin 9 for connecting to the left and right lower links 2b is provided on this link bracket 8.

[0033] By the way, the disk 10 that is the main tilling body generally used in a disk harrow is composed of a dish-shaped disk 10a having a concave curved surface, and the outer peripheral edge 10b of this disk 10a is formed into a sharp cutting edge so that crop residues and the like can be cut by this cutting edge. Also, a large number (10) of arc-shaped notches 10c are provided on this outer peripheral edge 10b, and since such a disk 10 is easily pierced into the soil and rotates by itself, it is called a flower-shaped disk. Therefore, this disk harrow type tilling working machine 3 also uses this flower-shaped disk 10.

[0034] When cultivating a field using such a flower-shaped disk 10, the concave curved surface of the disk 10 faces obliquely upward and is provided at a predetermined angle obliquely with respect to the cultivating operation direction which is the forward traveling direction of the tractor 1. Thus, the soil clods pierced by the disk 10 accumulate within the concave curved surface near the lower part. Further, the accumulated soil clods are lifted upward as the disk 10 rotates due to the forward traveling of the tractor 1, and then are thrown laterally from the opened side of the curved surface.

[0035] Therefore, when a large number of disks 10 are arranged below the working machine frame 4 at a predetermined interval L in the left-right direction with the concave curved surfaces of the disks 10 aligned in the same left or right direction, the soil clods and soil cultivated or crushed by these large number of disks 10 will be thrown toward one side in the left-right direction orthogonal to the forward traveling direction of the tractor 1. Thus, the cultivated or crushed soil clods will move as a whole to that side. Therefore, a large number of disks (9 pieces) of the same number are arranged below the front and rear disk frames 4c, 4d in the left-right direction respectively, and the directions of the curved surfaces of the two rows of disk groups in the front and rear are made different from each other, such that the front row faces left and the rear row faces right.

[0036] When a large number of disks 10 are arranged in this way, the soil clods and soil that have moved to one side in the left-right direction by the front row of disk group provided below the front disk frame 4c can be returned to the original other side by the rear row of disk group provided below the rear disk frame 4d. Also, in this case, if the disks 10 of the rear row of disk group are arranged so as to face the rear of the space between adjacent disks 10 of the front row of disk group, the uncultivated land that could not be cultivated or crushed by the front row of disk group can be cultivated or crushed by the rear row of disk group. Further, the unevenness of the lower surface where cultivation or crushing was not performed in the soil layer S can be reduced, and a stable tillage depth can be obtained over the entire surface.

[0037] The basic arrangement of a number of disks 10 provided below the work machine frame 4 has been described above. Next, the specific attachment structure of such disks 10 to the work machine frame 4 will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, a disk mounting shaft is fastened with a nut to the lower part of a disk arm 11 formed of a steel plate in a substantially triangular shape, and a holder case 12 is mounted rotatably on this disk mounting shaft via a bearing. Further, one disk 10 is attached to this holder case 12 with bolts one by one, and the disk 10 is rotatably attached to the disk arm 11.

[0038] The disk arm 11 is attached to the disk frames 4c and 4d via a disk bracket 13. This disk bracket 13 includes left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b, and an angle clamp 14 formed by a receiving metal fitting 14a and a lid metal fitting 14b having a substantially L shape is welded and provided on the front surfaces of the left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b. Then, the angle clamp 14 holds predetermined portions of the disk frames 4c and 4d with its metal fittings 14a and 14b, and the disk bracket 13 can be firmly fastened to the disk frames 4c and 4d by fastening the metal fittings 14a and 14b to each other with a bolt 14c.

[0039] Also, the upper part of the disk arm 11 is inserted into a position near the lower part between the left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b of the disk bracket 13, and the disk arm 11 is attached to the disk bracket 13 so as to be rotatable back and forth using a fulcrum bolt 15 and a nut. Further, a compression coil spring 16 is mounted between a spring receiver 13c fixed near the upper part of the left and right plate pieces 13a and 13b and a spring receiver 11a provided near the upper part of the disk arm 11. If the disk 10 comes into contact with an obstacle such as a stone, the disk arm 11 retreats and rotates while compressing the compression coil spring 16 to prevent damage to the disk 10.

[0040] The attachment structure of the disk group to the working machine frame 4 before and after tilling the field as the tractor 1 moves forward has been described above. Next, a chisel pulverizer body 17 provided to assist the tilling operation by the disk harrow constituted by this disk group will be described. This chisel pulverizer body 17 is provided in several (two) numbers at a distance in the left-right direction below the front part of the working machine frame 4.

[0041] And, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the chisel pulverizer body 17 is composed of a pulverizing blade 18 that bites into the soil layer S to lift the soil and create voids to soften it, and a shank 19 that positions this pulverizing blade 18 below the working machine frame 4. Among these, the pulverizing blade 18 forms the tip of a steel plate into an acute blade part, and is provided with a blade body 18a that projects in the left-right direction from the tip to the rear end to form a substantially V shape. On the upper surface of this blade body 18a, an elongated handle body 18b is welded and fixed so as to face in the vertical direction.

[0042] Also, the shank 19 is formed of an elongated steel plate similar to the handle body 18b of the pulverizing blade 18. Two holes having different diameters are drilled in the lower part of this shank 19 and the upper part of the handle body 18b, respectively. Then, if the lower part of the shank 19 and the upper part of the handle body 18b are overlapped in the left-right direction and bolts b1, b2 having different diameters are passed through the respective holes and tightened with nuts, the chisel pulverizer body 17 is completed. Note that the pulverizing blade 18 that has bitten into the soil layer S and worn out can be easily removed from the shank 19 and replaced with a new pulverizing blade 18.

[0043] Furthermore, if the small-diameter bolt b2 for attaching the soil crushing blade 18 to the aforementioned shank 19 is a shear bolt that breaks when an excessive impact force is applied when the soil crushing blade 18 hits an obstacle such as a rock, the soil crushing blade 18 can be retracted and rotated backward around the large-diameter bolt b1 to prevent damage to the soil crushing blade 18. Also, for the soil crushing blade 18 of the chisel soil crushing body 17 configured as described above, a resistor 20 formed of a steel plate having a substantially vertical plate surface that is obliquely intersecting with respect to the direction in which the chisel soil crushing body 17 advances in the soil is welded and provided across the upper surface of the blade body 18a and the side surface near the front lower part of the handle body 18b. The straight-ahead performance of the tractor 1 can be improved by the component force of the tillage resistance applied to this resistor 20.

[0044] When installing the chisel soil crushing body 17 configured as described above below the front part of the working machine frame 4, a chisel bracket 21 is attached to the front disk frame 4c of the working machine frame 4. This chisel bracket 21 is formed by the left and right mounting plates 21a, 21b and front and rear reinforcing bodies (not shown) welded between the left and right mounting plates 21a, 21b. On the front surfaces of the left and right mounting plates 21a, 21b, an angle clamp 14 composed of a substantially L-shaped receiving fitting 14a and a cover fitting 14b is welded and provided.

[0045] Therefore, the angle clamp 14 holds a predetermined portion of the front disk frame 4c with its fittings 14a, 14b and fastens the fittings 14a, 14b to each other with a bolt 14c, so that the chisel bracket 21 can be firmly fastened to the front disk frame 4c. Also, between the left and right mounting plates 21a, 21b of the chisel bracket 21, through the shank 19 of the chisel soil crushing body 17, among the holes drilled in the left and right mounting plates 21a, 21b and the two holes drilled in the upper and middle portions near the upper part of the shank 19, when a pin 22 is passed through the upper hole and locked with an R pin 23, the chisel soil crushing body 17 can be attached to the tillage work position.

[0046] In this case, the shank 19 can rotate back and forth around the pin 22. However, the front surface near the upper part of the shank 19 abuts against the rear surface of the fitting 14a of the angle clamp 14, or the rear surface near the upper part of the shank 19 abuts against the rear reinforcing body welded between the left and right mounting plates 21a and 21b, thereby preventing its back-and-forth rotation. And the chisel soil pulverizer body 17 attached to the tillage operation position in this way has its upper part near the shank 19 located near the rear surface of the front disk frame 4c, and the tip of the soil pulverizing blade 18 is in a forward-downward tillage operation posture located between the rear wheels of the tractor 1 and the front row of disk groups.

[0047] Also, when the aforementioned pin 22 is removed and the shank 19 is pulled upward while being guided by the rear reinforcing body, and the removed pin 22 is passed through the hole h in the middle of the shank 19 and attached, the chisel soil pulverizer body 17 can be held in the storage position where tillage operations are not performed. Therefore, when the tillage work machine 3 provided with the chisel soil pulverizer body 17 at the foremost part is lifted by the hydraulic lifting cylinder of the three-point link provided on the tractor 1, when passing over ridges or furrows or moving forward, the chisel soil pulverizer body 17 is pulled up and fixed in the storage position where its lower end is higher than the lower end of the disk group, so that it can pass without destroying ridges or furrows, etc., and prevent damage to the soil pulverizing blade 18 due to accidental contact with obstacles.

[0048] Furthermore, when the chisel soil pulverizer body 17 takes the aforementioned tillage operation posture and tills the field, by providing it quite close to the front of the front row of disk groups, even if the chisel soil pulverizer body 17 is provided on the work machine frame 4, the front-to-back length of the work machine frame 4 can be kept short to ensure the turning performance in a narrow field. And what is particularly important is that the blade body 18a of the soil pulverizing blade 18 is provided in a front-low rear-high state, and the soil pulverizing blade 18 is provided with a forward-downward inclination.

[0049] That is, as shown in Fig. 1, the soil-crushing blade 18 (blade body 18a) that is inclined downward in the front of the chisel soil-crushing body 17 penetrates into the soil layer S and advances ahead of the disk group during tillage operations. Therefore, it receives the tillage resistance R from the front to the rear. And in this case, on the blade body 18a that is inclined with the front low and the rear high, a component force F of the substantially downward tillage resistance that is orthogonal to the inclined upper surface acts. Therefore, this component force F acts as an assisting force for the front and rear disk groups attached to the same working machine frame 4 to make the disks 10 penetrate deeper into the soil.

[0050] Also, due to the self-weight of these tillage implements 3 and the assisting force of the chisel soil-crushing body 17, when the left and right chisel soil-crushing bodies 17 and the front and rear disk groups sink into the soil layer S and reach a predetermined tillage depth, a roller 24, which will be described later, provided at the rear of the working machine frame 4 comes into contact with the ground and prevents further sinking of the chisel soil-crushing body 17 and the disk group in the soil layer S. Thus, the operator can operate the tillage depth adjustment handle 25 of the screw-type telescopic device to till the soil in the field at a preset tillage depth.

[0051] Furthermore, when tilling the field in this way, there is a problem that when the tractor 1 running at high speed pitches due to obstacles such as unevenness and stones in the field and the working machine frame 4 connected to its rear jumps up, the tillage depth becomes shallow and stable tillage cannot be performed. However, in this case, the floating of the soil-crushing blade 18 is prevented by the soil mass riding on the blade body 18a of the chisel soil-crushing body 17. Therefore, the floating of the disk group on the soil surface is suppressed, and the set tillage depth can be stably maintained.

[0052] Then, in order for the penetration depth of the chisel pulverized soil body 17 into the soil layer S for soil formation to be approximately the same as the tillage depth of the disk group, an increase in the working load due to the combined use of the chisel pulverized soil body 17 can also be suppressed. Further, for the chisel pulverized soil body 17 attached to the front disk frame 4c, if the tillage blade 18 is a tractor 1 with left and right front wheels and rear wheels of the tractor 1 or a track-mounted type, it is provided left and right so as to be located on the rear extension lines of the left and right crawler belts. Therefore, the hard soil compacted along the track of the tractor 1 performing the tillage operation is crushed and softened by the tillage blade 18 of the chisel pulverized soil body 17, so that tillage and soil pulverization can be performed on this soil without overloading the subsequent disk group.

[0053] Next, the roller 24 provided behind the aforementioned work machine frame 4 will be described. This roller 24 further pulverizes and cuts into finer pieces the soil clods, soil, or crop residues tilled or pulverized by the front and rear disk groups and the chisel pulverized soil body 17. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the roller 24 first includes a roller frame 26 that is long in the left-right direction and formed of a steel pipe.

[0054] Then, roller arms 27 formed of steel plates are attached to the left and right ends of this roller frame 26. Further, holes are drilled in the lower parts of the left and right roller arms 27, and a shaft with a bearing mounted therein is passed through these holes and attached with nuts. Furthermore, the roller 24 is bolted to a housing 28 rotatably provided on this shaft via a bearing, and finally the roller 24 is rotatably attached to the roller arm 27.

[0055] In addition, the roller 24 rotatably provided on the roller arm 27 in this way includes a plurality (five in the embodiment) of disks 29 formed of steel plates arranged side by side in the left-right direction with a space therebetween. A plurality (ten in the embodiment) of notches formed on the outer peripheral edge of this disk 29 are welded and fixed with pulverizing bodies 30 formed of steel plates that are long in the left-right direction and have corrugated unevenness at the tip portions, and the roller 24 is formed into a cylindrical shape as a whole.

[0056] Note that the above-mentioned crusher 30 is provided at the outer peripheral edge of the disk 29 with a slightly forward angle in the rotation direction on its own plate surface in order to make it easier to crush and cut soil clods, crop residues, etc. Further, six holes 29b are provided in the disk 29 to surround the central hole 29a, and soil clods, crop residues, etc. that have entered the inside of the roller 24 are made to collide with the peripheral edges of the holes 29a and 29b, and together with the long crusher 30, they are configured to be crushed more finely.

[0057] And the roller 24 configured as described above is attached and provided to be vertically rotatably adjustable using a screw type telescopic device at the rear part of the working machine frame 4 so that the tillage depth of the front and rear disk groups and the chisel crusher body 17 can be adjusted.

[0058] That is, a U-shaped mounting plate 31 that opens rearward is welded and fixed to the upper surfaces of the rear ends of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b, and the roller frame 26 is inserted into this mounting plate 31 from the rear. Next, the rear surface side of this roller frame 26 is prevented from coming off by a pressing plate 32 attached to the mounting plate 31 with bolts, and thereby the roller 24 is attached to the rear ends of the left and right main frames 4a and 4b so as to be vertically rotatable about the U-shaped portion of the mounting plate 31.

[0059] Also, two mounting plates 33 are welded and fixed facing each other at the center in the left-right direction of the roller frame 26, and two mounting plates 34 are similarly welded and fixed facing each other at the center in the left-right direction of the connecting frame 4g. Then, a connecting shaft 35 is rotatably provided on the mounting plate 33 of the roller frame 26, and a connecting pin 36 is rotatably provided on the mounting plate 34 of the connecting frame 4g, and a screw type telescopic device 37 is provided by screwing a screw shaft rod and an adjustment pipe between the connecting shaft 35 and the connecting pin 36.

[0060] Therefore, when the aforementioned tillage depth adjustment handle 25 is rotated forward and backward, the screw-type telescopic mechanism 37 changes the core length between the front connecting pin 36 and the rear connecting shaft 35, enabling the up-and-down rotation adjustment of the roller 24 with respect to the working machine frame 4. Further, during tillage operations, the roller 24 contacts the soil surface tilled by the front and rear disk groups and prevents further lowering of the working machine frame 4 connected to the tractor 1. Thus, the tillage depth of the front and rear disk groups provided below the working machine frame 4 can be adjusted by the up-and-down rotation adjustment of the roller 24.

[0061] By the way, when the tillage operation of the soil in the field or the soil crushing operation after tillage is performed using the disk harrow-type tillage machine 3 configured as described above and then the tillage track is examined, as shown in FIG. 7, in this case, among the disk groups in the rear row, a substantially V-shaped depression dug up by the disk 10 provided on the leftmost side while tilling or crushing the soil can be seen on the ground. Also, it can be confirmed that this depression continuously forms the disk passage groove G in the progress direction of the tillage operation.

[0062] When investigating the cause of the formation of the disk passage groove G in this tillage track, first, the front row of disk groups throws the soil clods and soil tilled or crushed by them diagonally to the left rear side with respect to the tillage operation direction. Also, the rear row of disk groups provided behind the front row of disk groups throws the soil clods and soil tilled or crushed by them diagonally to the right rear side with respect to the tillage operation direction.

[0063] Moreover, the soil clods and soil thrown diagonally to the left or right rear side by the front and rear row of disk groups fall into the substantially V-shaped depression formed on the ground and its periphery when the adjacent disks 10 in the left-right direction cut and lift the soil clods, filling the depression. Therefore, this depression does not appear as the disk passage groove G continuous in the progress direction of the tillage operation.

[0064] However, when looking at the front row of disk groups, among the front row of disk groups, for the depression formed on the ground by the disk 10 that is located on the outermost side in the right direction and throws the soil clods or soil that it has plowed or crushed toward the rear side closer to the center of the disk group, none of the remaining disks 10 in the front row of disk groups will throw and refill the soil clods or soil. Similarly, among the rear row of disk groups, for the depression formed on the ground by the disk 10 that is located on the outermost side in the left direction and throws the soil clods or soil that it has plowed or crushed toward the rear side closer to the center of the disk group, none of the remaining disks 10 in the rear row of disk groups will throw and refill the soil clods or soil.

[0065] However, among the aforementioned front row of disk groups, for the depression formed on the ground by the disk 10 that is located on the outermost side in the right direction and throws the soil clods or soil that it has plowed or crushed toward the rear side closer to the center of the disk group, the soil clods and soil thrown outward in the right direction by the disk 10 located on the outermost side in the right direction among the rear row of disk groups fall and refill this depression, so it cannot be visually recognized as the disk passage groove G.

[0066] However, among the aforementioned rear row of disk groups, for the depression formed on the ground by the disk 10 that is located on the outermost side in the left direction and throws the soil clods or soil that it has plowed or crushed toward the rear side closer to the center (closer to the rotor 24) of the disk group, there is no third disk group that is further rearward than the rear row of disk groups for dropping and refilling the soil clods and soil.

[0067] Note that a roller 24 for crushing the soil clods plowed or crushed by the front and rear disk groups and the chisel crusher body 17 is provided behind the rear row of disk groups. Also, the left - right region where this roller 24 is located becomes its own soil - crushing possible region, and since this region is located behind the region plowed or crushed by the front and rear disk groups, the left - right width of the roller 24 coincides with the tilling width of the tilling work machine 3 constituted by the front and rear disk groups.

[0068] Therefore, even if the roller 24 crushes the soil clods or soil that the leftmost disk 10 located on the outermost left side forming the disk passage groove G among the rear row of disks throws backward, there is not enough soil clods or soil supplied to the area corresponding to the disk passage groove G of the roller 24 to fill the substantially V-shaped depression formed by this disk 10. As a result, the substantially V-shaped depression formed by the disk 10 cannot be filled by the roller 24, and ultimately, the disk passage groove G remains on the ground as it is.

[0069] And if the disk passage groove G remains in the field after such tillage, seeds of crops cannot be sown or seedlings cannot be planted in this disk passage groove G, so the groove G must be filled separately. Also, since water accumulates in this disk passage groove G and hinders the drying of the surrounding soil, not only can the dry soil effect of promoting the decomposition of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms and increasing nitrogen fertilizer not be expected, but there is also a risk of deterioration of the drainage and permeability due to waterlogging of the field.

[0070] Therefore, a soil return body 38 for filling the disk passage groove G is attached to the above-described roller 24, which is formed on and left on the ground after tilling the field by a group of disks rotatably provided at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction. That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the soil return body 38 has a width approximately the same as that of the crushing body 30 of the roller 24, and its length is formed slightly longer than the arrangement interval L of the disks 10. For example, it is formed of 10 steel plates. This soil return body 38 is obliquely spanned between adjacent crushing bodies 30 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the roller 24, and its left and right end faces are welded to the plate surfaces of the respective crushing bodies 30 and integrally provided.

[0071] And in the case of the embodiment, since the disk passage groove G is formed by the disk 10 located at the outermost left side among the rear row of disks, the disk passage groove G is filled back mainly with the soil lumps and soil thrown backward by this disk 10. Therefore, the lateral arrangement position of the soil return body 38 with respect to the roller 24 is provided inside from the left end of the roller 24. More specifically, the right end of the soil return body 38 substantially corresponds to the rearward extension line of the lower end of the second disk 10 from the left among the rear row of disks, and the left end of the soil return body 38 is provided so as to cover the disk passage groove G.

[0072] And when cultivating the field, the roller 24 rotates in contact with the ground plowed or crushed by the disk group. Therefore, in particular, the crushing body 30 provided on the roller 24 finely crushes, cuts, or pulverizes the soil lumps and soil plowed or crushed by the disk group. Further, the crushing body 30 throws the soil it has pulverized backward while scraping it up as the roller 24 rotates. Similarly, the soil return body 38 provided between the crushing bodies 30 finely crushes, cuts, or pulverizes the soil lumps and soil by itself.

[0073] However, the soil return body 38 has its plate surface inclined so that when it touches the ground, its plate surface faces the disk passage groove G. Therefore, the soil return body 38 throws the crushed soil and the like by the crushing body 30 and itself obliquely backward while scraping it up as the roller 24 rotates. Also, the soil thrown obliquely backward by the soil return body 38 falls into the disk passage groove G and fills back the disk passage groove G, so that the disk passage groove G can be eliminated from the ground where plowing and crushing have been performed, and the soil environment suitable for the growth of crops can be prepared.

[0074] In the above-described embodiment, the disk group is divided into a front row of disk groups and a rear row of disk groups. The front and rear disk groups have different throwing directions of the soil lumps plowed or crushed to the left rear side and the right rear side, and each disk of the rear row of disk groups is arranged so as to face the rear between the adjacent disks of the front row of disk groups, so that the rear row of disk groups plows or crushes the unplowed land left by the front row of disk groups.

[0075] Therefore, the disk passage groove G formed on the ground after the front and rear disk groups have carried out tillage and soil crushing can be a single groove formed by the disk 10 located on the outermost side in the left - right direction among the rear - row disk groups, which throws the soil clods and soil it has tilled or crushed towards the roller 24 side. However, even in the case of two - row disk groups, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, when the disk groups are arranged side by side in the left - right direction, two disk passage grooves G are formed. In order to refill these two disk passage grooves G, soil - returning bodies 38 must be provided at two locations.

[0076] Also, even when only one row of disk groups is provided, if the arrangement interval L between adjacent disks in the left - right direction is made quite large, the disk passage grooves G formed by adjacent disks cannot be refilled with the soil clods and soil thrown by the disks. In the worst - case scenario, it is assumed that the number of disk passage grooves G will be equal to the number of disks in the disk group. In short, attention must be paid because the occurrence situation of the disk passage grooves G varies depending on the arrangement form of the disk group and the disks themselves.

[0077] As described above, the countermeasures for refilling the disk passage grooves G generated when the tillage operation of the field is carried out using the disk - harrow - type tillage machine 3 have been explained. In this disk - harrow - type tillage machine 3, deflection plates 39 are provided on the front - row and rear - row disk groups to prevent the throwing of the soil clods and soil they throw to the left - right outer sides beyond the cultivated land they till themselves. Thereby, the disk groups in the front and rear till or crush the soil and prevent the swelling of the ridge - shaped ground caused by the soil clods and soil thrown to the outer sides in the left - right direction from exceeding the cultivated land they till themselves.

[0078] More specifically, the deflector plate 39 is formed of a steel plate into a substantially vane shape, and is bent slightly inward near its rear portion to adjust the deflection direction (discharge direction) of the soil clods and soil. Further, the deflector plate 39 is rotatably attached to a mounting frame 40 that is inserted and fixed into the corner pipes of the disk frames 4c and 4d via its fulcrum bolt 41 so that it can exert its function regardless of the depth of tillage. When it abuts against a stopper 42 provided on the mounting frame 40, further downward rotation is disabled to prevent damage to the deflector plate 39 during non-working hours.

[0079] And the deflector plate 39 configured as described above is provided on the outer side of the disk 10 provided on the leftmost side of the disk group in the front row of the disk groups, and on the outer side of the disk 10 provided on the rightmost side of the disk group in the rear row of the disk groups. Therefore, the soil clods and soil thrown by the disk 10 provided on the leftmost side of the front row of the disk groups are blocked by the deflector plate 39, preventing the formation of a ridge-like elevation (U) of the ground on the left outer side beyond the cultivated land tilled by the front and rear row of disk groups.

[0080] Also, the soil clods and soil thrown by the disk 10 provided on the rightmost side of the rear row of the disk groups are blocked by the deflector plate 39, preventing the formation of a ridge-like elevation (U) of the ground on the left outer side beyond the cultivated land tilled by the front and rear row of disk groups. Therefore, the disk passing grooves G described above do not remain in the field after tillage, and there is no formation of the elevation (U) of the soil clods and soil thrown by the disk 10 described above. Moreover, the cultivated land that has been plowed or pulverized can be evenly leveled and beautifully finished by the roller 24 over its entire surface.

[0081] The above describes the embodiments for carrying out the present invention. However, if the field is not a hard and compacted one, the above-mentioned chisel crusher body 17 may be removed, and it may be a disk harrow type tillage machine that tills exclusively with the front and rear disk groups. Also, the number and arrangement form of the disk groups may be changed, the flower-shaped disks may be stopped, or instead of the crusher body having corrugated unevenness, a rotor as described in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2, for example, in the form of a rod may be used. The present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiments for implementation and should not be interpreted as such.

Explanation of Signs

[0082] 1 Tractor (hauling vehicle) 3 Disk harrow type tillage machine 4 Machine frame 10 Disks 17 Chisel crusher body 24 Roller 30 Crusher body 38 Soil return body 39 Deflection plate G Disk passage groove

Claims

1. A disk group rotatably provided at a predetermined interval in the left - right direction for tilling the soil of a field and crushing the tilled soil clods, and a roller provided behind this disk group for crushing the tilled soil clods. Also, a soil - returning body is attached to the roller, and using the soil crushed by the roller by the soil - returning body, it fills the disk - passing grooves formed on the ground after the disk group has carried out tilling and crushing. A disk - harrow - type tillage machine is characterized by this.

2. The roller is provided with a large number of crushing bodies that are long in the left - right direction on its outer peripheral part. While crushing the soil clods tilled or crushed by the disk group, the crushing bodies throw them backward. Also, the soil - returning body is provided between a large number of crushing bodies provided on the outer peripheral part of the roller, and throws the crushing bodies and the soil it has crushed obliquely backward to fill the disk - passing grooves. The disk - harrow - type tillage machine according to claim 1 is characterized by this.

3. The disk group is divided into a front - row disk group and a rear - row disk group. Also, the front - and rear - row disk groups make the throwing directions of the tilled or crushed soil clods different between the left - rear side and the right - rear side. And each disk of the rear - row disk group is arranged so as to face the rear of the space between adjacent disks of the front - row disk group, so that the rear - row disk group tills or crushes the uncultivated land left by the front - row disk group. And thus, the disk - passing grooves formed on the ground after the disk group has carried out tilling and crushing are generated exclusively by the disks located on the outermost sides in the left - right direction within the rear - row disk group, which throw the soil clods they have tilled or crushed toward the roller side. The disk - harrow - type tillage machine according to claim 1 or claim 2 is characterized by this.

4. Deflecting plates for preventing the throwing of the soil clods and soil they throw to the left - right outer sides beyond the cultivated land they till themselves are provided on the front - row and rear - row disk groups. By this, the disk - harrow - type tillage machine according to claim 3 is characterized by preventing the ridge - like rising of the ground caused by the soil clods and soil thrown to the outer sides in the left - right direction by the front - and rear - row disk groups when they till or crush and exceed the cultivated land they till themselves.

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