Power supply system and power supply method

Abstract

To implement electric power supply with reduced environmental load at demand units that are more segmentalized than supply points to which electric power is supplied.SOLUTION: Based on a power usage status of a demand unit to which electric power is distributed from a power supply point to which power is supplied from a power distribution facility, a demand predicting unit predicts a predicted demand amount as a prediction value of power consumption of the demand unit by using a demand predicting model at a prediction time after the current time point. A supply control unit controls the operation of a plurality of power sources including at least one adjustable power source that can adjust a power supply amount according to an operating environment so as to satisfy a target total supply amount and a target supply amount of low environmental load power at the prediction time. A target setting unit sets the target total supply amount and the target supply amount of low environmental load power so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount that sets the ratio of low environmental load power to a predetermined target rate or more in the demand unit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 19

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to a power supply system and a power supply method.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the emergence of climate change, reducing environmental impact has become an important issue. In business activities as well, reducing environmental impact is often promoted in order to form a good corporate image. In addition, the spread of renewable energy power generation systems such as solar power generation systems and wind power generation systems, which do not emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the main cause of global warming, is being promoted.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 describes a demand client decarbonization management system that enables the amount of clean power, which does not involve carbon dioxide emissions, among the power purchased by the demand side of power, to be grasped. Patent Document 2 describes a supply-demand management system that manages power supply and demand in a consumer area that receives power supply from a plurality of power generation plants, taking into account the characteristics of the supplied power.

[0004] In addition, in order to achieve global decarbonization of power, an international initiative "24 / 7 Carbon Free Energy" (hereinafter, "24 / 7 CFE") has been proposed under the leadership of the United Nations. 24 / 7 CFE refers to supplying 100% carbon-free power in accordance with the power consumption for 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. The number of companies participating in 24 / 7 CFE is also increasing.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] However, the supply amount of renewable energy significantly depends on the environment such as the weather. Therefore, it is not realistic to always cover all power demands with renewable energy. For example, at night or during rainy days, power generation by solar power generation is not expected, so it is necessary to supplement the insufficient power by other methods. The present application has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide a power supply system and a power supply method for realizing power supply with reduced environmental load in a demand unit where power is distributed from a power supply point that is a power supply destination of power from distribution facilities.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] The power supply system according to the first aspect includes a plurality of power sources including a plurality of demand units to which power is distributed, an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable, and a variable power source whose power supply amount cannot be adjusted, from a power supply point to which power is supplied from distribution facilities; a demand prediction unit that predicts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of the power consumption of the demand unit at a prediction time later than the current time, using a demand prediction model based on the power usage status of each demand unit; a target setting unit that sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of the target values of the power supply amounts from the plurality of power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is the target value of the supply amount of low environmental load power, so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount with the ratio of low environmental load power being equal to or higher than a predetermined target ratio for each demand unit; and a supply control unit that controls the power supply amounts from the plurality of power sources so as to satisfy the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount at the prediction time. The variable power source includes at least one low environmental load power source, the demand unit includes at least one charging device, and the power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the device to be charged.

[0008] The power supply method according to the second aspect is a power supply method in a power supply system including a plurality of power sources including a plurality of demand units to which power is distributed, an adjustable power source whose power supply amount can be adjusted, and a variable power source whose power supply amount cannot be adjusted, from a power supply point where power is supplied from power distribution facilities. The method includes: a demand prediction step in which a demand prediction unit predicts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of the power consumption of the demand unit at a prediction time after the current time, using a demand prediction model based on the power usage status of each demand unit; a target setting step in which a target setting unit sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of the target values of the power supply amounts from the plurality of power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is the target value of the supply amount of low environmental load power, so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount with the ratio of low environmental load power being equal to or higher than a predetermined target ratio for each demand unit; and a supply control step in which a supply control unit controls the power supply amounts from the plurality of power sources so as to satisfy the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount at the prediction time. The variable power source includes at least one power source of low environmental load power, the demand unit includes at least one charging device, and the power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the device to be charged.

Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present application, it is possible to realize power supply with reduced environmental load in supply units that are more subdivided than the supply point that is the destination of power supply.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] <First Embodiment> Embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the power supply system PS according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of a power supply system PS according to the present embodiment. The power supply system PS includes a measurement unit 12, a terminal device 14, a demand prediction unit 22, a power supply management system 30, a power supply system 40, a power transmission and distribution system 50, and a branch point 62.

[0012] Power is supplied to each power supply point from the power distribution facilities that make up the power transmission and distribution system 50. Generally, there are a large number of power supply points in the power supply system PS. In the present embodiment, based on the power usage status in a demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from a branch point 62 downstream of the power supply point, a predicted value of the power consumption in the demand unit 64 is predicted as the predicted power consumption using a demand prediction model. The operation of the power sources provided in the power supply system 40 is controlled according to the operating environment so as to satisfy the total power supply amount from the power supply system PS and the target total supply amount of low environmental load power. Also, the total supply amount and the target total supply amount are set so as to ensure that the predicted power consumption with the ratio of low environmental load power in the demand unit 64 being equal to or higher than a predetermined target ratio. Power is distributed to the power supply point for the demand unit 64.

[0013] In the following description, the case where the environmental load related to power supply is mainly the emission of carbon dioxide CO2 (carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere is mainly considered. In that case, the CFE (Carbon Free Energy) rate is used as the ratio of low environmental load power among the supplied power. In the present application, a power source that does not involve the emission of carbon dioxide during power supply may be referred to as a "CFE power source". A power source that involves the emission of carbon dioxide during power supply may be referred to as a "non-CFE power source". The power supplied from a CFE power source may be referred to as "CFE power".

[0014] In the power supply system PS, the measurement unit 12, the terminal device 14, the demand prediction unit 22, and the power supply management system 30 can be regarded as an information processing system mainly responsible for information processing related to power supply to the demand unit 64 downstream of the power supply point.

[0015] The power supply management system 30 includes a target setting unit 32 and a supply control unit 34. The power supply management system 30 can be regarded as a supply-demand control system that controls the power supply from the power system 40 and uses the power supply point by the power transmission and distribution system 50 as the supply destination. The power supply management system 30 determines the power supply to the power supply point so as to include the power supply to the demand unit 64. The power system 40 and the power transmission and distribution system 50 can be regarded as a power system that supplies power to the power supply point.

[0016] The measurement unit 12 measures the power consumption in the demand unit 64. The demand unit 64 is a power consumption unit downstream of the branch point 62 installed at the power supply point. The demand unit 64 can be, for example, a part of the space of the facility that forms the power supply point. Specific examples of the demand unit 64 will be described later. The measurement unit 12 transmits the measured actual value of the power consumption as the actual power consumption to the terminal device 14 and the demand prediction unit 22 by wire or wirelessly. The measurement unit 12 is, for example, an electricity meter (a smart meter may be applicable). Specific examples of the measurement unit 12 will be described later.

[0017] The terminal device 14 collects information related to the power usage status in the demand unit 64. The collected information includes, in addition to the actual power consumption notified from the measurement unit 12, part or all of the activity information and facility usage information in the demand unit 64. The terminal device 14 notifies the collected information to the demand prediction unit 22. The power usage status will be described later. The terminal device 14 configures a display screen representing the power supply information. The terminal device 14 causes the configured display screen to be displayed on the display unit. The power supply information includes the power supply amount to the demand unit (in this application, sometimes referred to as "supply power") and the CFE rate.

[0018] The demand prediction unit 22 predicts, as a predicted demand amount, a predicted value of the power consumption amount in the demand unit 64 at a prediction time after the current time based on the power usage status in the demand unit 64 using a learned demand prediction model. The demand prediction unit 22 notifies the predicted predicted demand amount to the target setting unit 32. The demand prediction unit 22 can configure input values indicating the power usage status including the actual power consumption notified from the measurement unit 12, the activity information, the usage information notified from the terminal device 14, and part or all of the weather information notified via the communication network from a weather information site (not shown).

[0019] The target setting unit 32 sets the target total power supply amount and the target supply amount of CFE power from the power supply system 40 at the prediction time so as to satisfy a predicted demand amount that is equal to or higher than a predetermined CFE rate (sometimes referred to as the "target CFE rate" in this application) with respect to the demand unit. The target setting unit 32 determines a value that is equal to or greater than the sum of the predicted demand amounts for each power supply point within the service area of the power supply system PS as the target total supply amount. The target setting unit 32, for example, sets the sum of the predicted demand amounts (i.e., the predicted total demand amount) as the target total supply amount, or calculates the target total supply amount by multiplying the predicted total demand amount by a predetermined coefficient of 1 or more. The target setting unit 32 sets a value that is equal to or greater than the sum of the demand amounts of CFE power among the predicted demand amounts for each power supply point as the target supply amount of CFE power. The target setting unit 32, for example, sets the sum of the predicted demand amounts of CFE power as the target supply amount of CFE power, or calculates the target supply amount of CFE power by multiplying the sum of the predicted demand amounts of CFE power by a predetermined coefficient of 1 or more. The target setting unit 32 notifies the set target total supply amount and the target supply amount of CFE power to the supply control unit 34.

[0020] Note that the demand for CFE power in each individual demand unit is calculated by multiplying the predicted demand by the CFE rate. Power supply points include CFE setting points where the CFE rate or the demand for CFE power is set, and CFE non-setting points where the CFE rate or the demand for CFE power is not set. For such CFE non-setting points, as the demand for CFE power, a value obtained by allocating the total remaining amount of CFE power, which is obtained by subtracting the total supply amount of CFE power at the CFE setting points from the total supply amount of CFE power, in proportion to the demand amount at the CFE non-setting points with respect to the total power demand, is set. The predicted demand for the power supply point with the demand unit 64 as the power supply destination includes the predicted demand of the demand unit 64.

[0021] The supply control unit 34 controls the operation of the power sources constituting the power system 40 according to the operating environment so that the total supply amount of power supplied from the power system 40 satisfies the target total supply amount at the prediction time and the total supply amount of CFE power in the power system 40 satisfies the target supply amount of CFE power. The supply control unit 34 is notified of the supply amount of power from each power source constituting the power system 40 as the actual supply amount.

[0022] The supply control unit 34 predicts the predicted supply amount for each variable power source as the output value at the prediction time based on the weather information and the actual supply amount, using the preset power basic information and the learned supply amount prediction model. The weather information and the actual supply amount are information that quantitatively indicates the operating environment of the power sources constituting the power system 40. The supply control unit 34 may notify the terminal device 14 of the predicted supply amount predicted for each power source. The terminal device 14 can use the predicted supply amount notified from the supply control unit 34 for the configuration of a display screen (described later). The supply control unit 34 applies the target supply amount (described later) as the predicted supply amount to the adjustable power sources.

[0023] The supply control unit 34 sets the target supply amount for each adjustable power source so that the power supply cost is minimized, with the constraint that the sum of the power supply amounts for each adjustable power source and the predicted supply amounts for each power source including the variable power source is defined as the total supply amount, and the total supply amount is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, and the sum of the CFE power supply amounts for each CFE power source is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power (optimization). The power supply cost is not necessarily limited to the cost of power supply. The power supply cost may be other indicators indicating the magnitude of the load associated with power supply, such as the emission amount of environmental load substances from individual power sources and the total loss amount from each power source to each power supply point, or a weighted sum of these multiple types of indicators. The supply control unit 34 notifies each adjustable power source of the target supply amount determined for each adjustable power source.

[0024] Note that the power supply management system 30 has power distribution facilities (not shown) that distribute the power supplied from the power system 40 to meet the predicted demand for each power supply point. A known method is used for the power distribution control to each individual power supply point. In the power distribution control, the operating parameters of the devices forming the power distribution facilities may be set so as to be equal to or greater than the predicted demand for each power supply point. In this embodiment, it is sufficient for the power supply management system 30 to distribute power to each individual power supply point, and it is not necessary to control the power distribution to the demand unit 64 downstream of the power supply point.

[0025] The power system 40 has a plurality of power sources. A power source is a device or equipment capable of supplying power. Each individual power source is electrically connected to the power transmission and distribution system 50 and supplies power. Power supply includes, in addition to power generation, the discharge of power stored in the power source in advance. Note that charging the storage battery can also be regarded as negative power supply. The consumption of power supplied from other power sources in pumping water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir in a pumped-storage power plant can also be regarded as negative power supply.

[0026] Power types are classified based on specifications such as the characteristics and scale of the environmental load associated with power supply. Power sources are classified, for example, into adjustable power sources whose power supply amount can be adjusted by control and variable power sources whose supply amount cannot be adjusted. Adjustable power sources include thermal power plants including hydrogen power plants, pumped-storage power plants, storage batteries, etc. Variable power sources include solar power generation systems, wind power generation systems, etc. The supply amount of power derived from weather such as solar power generation systems and wind power generation systems depends on the weather.

[0027] Also, whether it corresponds to a non-CFE power source is classified according to whether CO2 is emitted during power supply. CFE power sources include, for example, solar power generation systems, wind power generation systems, hydroelectric power plants, storage batteries, etc. Power plants that use only hydrogen as fuel are classified as CFE power sources.

[0028] In this embodiment, the power supply system 40 is configured to include at least one CFE power source that is a variable power source. Variable power sources may include non-CFE power sources. The adjustable power source adjusts the power supply amount from itself using the target supply amount notified from the supply control unit 34 as the control target. Each power source is provided with an electricity meter for measuring the supply amount of the power it supplies. The power system notifies the supply control unit 34 of the measured supply amount as the actual supply amount. As described above, the actual supply amount is used for controlling the target supply amount of power from the adjustable power source.

[0029] The power transmission and distribution system 50 distributes the power supplied from the power supply system 40 for each power supply point. The power transmission and distribution system 50 has a power grid having a plurality of substation facilities, a plurality of distribution facilities, transmission lines connecting the power source and substation facilities, and distribution lines connecting the substation facilities and distribution facilities respectively. Substation facilities and distribution facilities are collectively referred to as "distribution facilities etc.". The power grid may be configured to include a plurality of layers (layered). Each layer has a plurality of distribution facilities etc. as grids, and has power lines connecting the grids belonging to adjacent layers and power lines connecting the plurality of grids included in each layer.

[0030] Therefore, to the demand unit 64, power having a supply amount that satisfies the predicted demand amount predicted according to the power usage situation and has a CFE rate equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate is virtually supplied from the power transmission and distribution system 50 via a power supply point. The power supply point can be installed in, for example, one building, structure, or other facility. In that case, the demand unit 64 becomes a specific area of a part of the power supply point. When the power supply point is a building, the demand unit 64 can be an area such as a floor, room, or section that forms a part of it. When the power supply point is a transportation vehicle (such as a train or airplane) of one formation, the demand unit 64 can be a vehicle, deck, compartment, seat, etc. that form a part of it. In the example of FIG. 2, a distribution board 62a is installed as the power supply point. The distribution board 62a is an example of a branch point 62 that distributes the power distributed from the power transmission and distribution system 50 to more subdivided areas. The demand unit 64 becomes one of the specific areas that are the distribution destinations.

[0031] Next, a functional configuration example of the distribution board 62a according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the distribution board 62a according to the present embodiment. The distribution board 62a includes a main breaker 62m, a leakage breaker 62l, and branch breakers 62p. The number of branch breakers 62p is usually plural. The main breaker 62m is connected between the power transmission and distribution system 50 and the leakage breaker 62l. The main breaker 62m cuts off the connection between the power transmission and distribution system 50 and the leakage breaker 62l when the current supplied from the power transmission and distribution system 50 using a power line exceeds a predetermined rated current.

[0032] The leakage breaker 62l is connected between the main breaker 62m and the branch breakers 62p. The leakage breaker 62l cuts off the connection between the main breaker 62m and the branch breakers 62p when leakage is detected. The leakage breaker 62l can measure the leakage current in the power line connected to the branch breaker 62p and determine the presence or absence of leakage based on whether the measured leakage current is equal to or greater than a predetermined determination value.

[0033] The branch breaker 62p is connected between the leakage circuit breaker 62l and the power distribution destination. When the current supplied to the power distribution destination continuously exceeds a predetermined rated current for a certain period of time or more, the branch breaker 62p cuts off the connection between the leakage circuit breaker 62l and the power distribution destination. An outlet (power outlet) is installed in the demand unit 64 serving as the power distribution destination and is connected to the branch breaker 62p using a power line. The number of outlets installed in each demand unit 64 is not necessarily limited to one and can be plural.

[0034] In the example of FIG. 2, a wattmeter 12a is installed between the branch breaker 62p with the demand unit 64 as the power distribution destination. The wattmeter 12a corresponds to an example of the measurement unit 12. The wattmeter 12a includes a power sensor and an input / output interface. The power sensor measures the power flowing through the power line connecting the branch breaker 62p and the demand unit 64. The measured power corresponds to the power consumption in the demand unit 64. The input / output interface transmits the power measured by the power sensor to the terminal device 14 and the demand prediction unit 22 wirelessly or by wire. The wattmeter 12a may include a plurality of power sensors and be capable of measuring the power consumption in different demand units 64 respectively.

[0035] By installing the wattmeter 12a together with the distribution board 62a, the power consumption in the demand unit 64 as the branching destination can be easily obtained. Also, even when demand units 64 are set for power distribution destinations spanning a plurality of different regions or positions, it is convenient in that the power consumption for each demand unit 64 can be acquired collectively. Further, such an arrangement is advantageous for performing maintenance on the distribution board 62a collectively.

[0036] Next, a functional configuration example of the terminal device 14 according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the terminal device 14 according to the present embodiment. The terminal device 14 is configured as an information processing device having, for example, a general-purpose computer system. The terminal device 14 may be realized in any form such as, for example, a personal computer, a tablet terminal device, a mobile phone, etc. The terminal device 14 may be configured as a dedicated monitoring device. In that case, the terminal device 14 may integrally include the measurement unit 12 and be configured as a single electronic device.

[0037] The terminal device 14 includes a control unit 142, a storage unit 144, a display unit 146, an operation input unit 148, and an input / output unit 150. The control unit 142 executes various processes for providing the functions of the terminal device 14. The functions of the control unit 142 can be realized by a computer system. The control unit 142 includes a setting processing unit 142a and an output processing unit 142b. The setting processing unit 142a causes the display unit 146 to display a predetermined setting screen, and sets various setting information according to the operation information input from the operation input unit 148. The setting information includes some or all of, for example, a location ID (Identifier) indicating a region corresponding to the demand unit 64, activity information indicating activities in the demand unit 64, usage information related to the use of facilities related to the demand unit 64, the network address of the weather information site that is the source of the weather information, etc. The setting processing unit 142a associates the location ID with other setting information and notifies the demand prediction unit 22.

[0038] The target CFE rate of the power supplied to the demand unit 64 may be a preset fixed value (for example, 100%), but is not limited thereto. The setting processing unit 142a may set the target CFE rate according to the operation information input from the operation input unit 148. The control unit 142 associates the set target CFE rate with the location ID of the demand unit 64 and notifies the target setting unit 32. Also, the setting processing unit 142a may be made able to set the CFE power application period for the demand unit 64 according to the operation information input from the operation input unit 148. The control unit 142 associates the set CFE power application period with the location ID of the demand unit 64 and notifies the target setting unit 32.

[0039] The CFE power application period refers to the period during which CFE power is supplied such that the CFE rate is equal to or higher than the target CFE rate. In other words, the CFE power application period is the period during which the target setting unit 32 sets the target supply amount of CFE power for each demand unit 64 within that range at each predicted time. When the application period is set according to the operation information, the target supply amount of CFE power for the demand unit 64 is not set outside the CFE power application period. Therefore, the CFE rate of the supply power supplied to the demand unit 64 is not guaranteed.

[0040] The output processing unit 142b may configure a display screen representing the power supply information to the demand unit 64. The output processing unit 142b causes the configured display screen to be displayed on the display unit 146. The power supply information includes the actual value of the supply power and the actual value of the CFE rate for the demand unit 64. The output processing unit 142b, for example, compensates for the attenuation associated with transmission from each power source in the actual power consumption notified from the measurement unit 12 and calculates the actual value of the supply power (which may be referred to as "actual supply power" in the present application). The output processing unit 142b can calculate the actual supply power by dividing the actual power consumption by a predetermined attenuation rate. On the other hand, the output processing unit 142b can define the actual value of the CFE rate for the demand unit 64 (which may be referred to as "actual CFE rate" in the present application) as the product obtained by multiplying the ratio of the actual supply amount of CFE power to the target supply amount of CFE power by the preset target CFE rate.

[0041] On the other hand, the output processing unit 142b can define the actual value of the CFE rate for the demand unit 64 as the value obtained by multiplying the target CFE rate of the demand unit 64 by the ratio of the actual supply amount of CFE power to the target supply amount of CFE power notified from the target setting unit 32. The actual supply amount of CFE power corresponds to the sum of the supply amounts of CFE power supplied from the CFE power sources. The CFE power from each individual CFE power source is notified via the supply control unit 34. When the obtained CFE rate (actual value) exceeds 100%, the output processing unit 142b may define the CFE rate (actual value) for the demand unit 64 as 100%.

[0042] The storage unit 144 temporarily or non-temporarily stores the data used or generated by the control unit 142. The storage unit 144 includes a storage medium such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM (Random Access Memory). The storage unit 144 stores, for example, the above-mentioned setting screen, the template of the display screen, power supply information, usage information, and the like. The display unit 146 displays various display information according to the control from the control unit 142. The display unit 146 displays, for example, the above-mentioned setting screen, setting information, and the like. The display unit 146 may be, for example, any of an LED (Light Emitting Diode) display, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, and the like.

[0043] The operation input unit 148 receives the user's operation and outputs operation information corresponding to the received operation to the control unit 142. The operation input unit 148 is, for example, an input device such as a touch sensor, a mouse, or a keyboard. The input / output unit 150 inputs and outputs various data to and from a device separate from the terminal device 14 by wire or wirelessly.

[0044] The computer system of the terminal device 14 downloads an application program (which may be referred to as an "app" in this application) from a predetermined distribution server connected to a communication network and realizes the functions of the terminal device 14 by executing the app. The functions of the terminal device 14 may be realized by executing a predetermined application program. Note that if a part or all of the display unit 146 and the operation input unit 148 can be connected so as to be capable of inputting and outputting data wirelessly or by wire, they may be omitted in the terminal device 14.

[0045] Next, an example of the demand prediction model related to the demand prediction unit 22 will be described. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the demand prediction model. The demand forecasting model is a mathematical model configured for each demand unit 64 and used to calculate predicted power consumption as an output value from an input value indicating usage information in the inference stage. The demand forecasting unit 22 learns the demand forecasting model using training data. The training data includes a plurality of data sets. Each data set includes input values ​​(explanatory variables) indicating usage information at a point in time in the past and actual power consumption (objective variable) at that time, and these are associated with each other. In the learning stage, the demand forecasting unit 22 searches for a parameter set that makes the predicted value calculated from the input value using the demand forecasting model more approximate to the output value.

[0046] The demand forecasting unit 22 applies a machine learning model such as a decision tree, a random forest, or a neural network as a demand forecasting model. As an index value indicating the degree of approximation of a predicted value to an output value, any one of L2 norm, cross entropy, or a weighted sum of these is applied. In learning the demand learning model, a method such as a steepest descent method or a random search method is applied. The demand forecasting unit 22 repeats the process of searching for a parameter set until the magnitude of the difference between the predicted value and the output value becomes equal to or less than a certain convergence reference value. The demand forecasting unit 22 may verify whether or not the error between the predicted value and the output value for the input value is less than a predetermined error reference value by using test data consisting of multiple existing data sets separate from the training data through cross validation. The demand forecasting unit 22 applies the parameter set that makes the error less than the error reference value through cross validation to the inference of the actual power consumption.

[0047] Next, an example of the data configuration of the usage information expressed as an input value will be described. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the data configuration of the usage information according to this embodiment. The usage information includes a location ID, a business / production schedule, weather information, and actual demand volume, and these are associated with each other. The location ID is identification information that specifies an area as a demand unit 64. The business / production schedule is an example of activity information by consumers in demand unit 64 and facility utilization information in demand unit 64. The business calendar represents the activity information. The business calendar includes information such as the presence or absence of business each day, business hours on business days, required periods for each task during business hours, these locations, participants, and the like. The facility utilization plan includes information such as the utilization period for each facility provided in demand unit 64. The specifications of on-site PV indicate the presence or absence of the use of on-site PV (Photovoltaic) power supply in demand unit 64 and the specifications of the on-site PV power supply when it is used. The on-site PV power supply is a solar power generation system installed by the power supply company at the power supply location. The location ID and the business / production schedule can be set from the setting processing unit 142a of the terminal device 14.

[0048] The meteorological information includes all or part of the information such as solar radiation amount, temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, outdoor temperature, weather, precipitation and snowfall amount. The meteorological information can be obtained from a meteorological information site. The business / production schedule and the meteorological information may include not only the schedule at the prediction time but also the schedule within the period before and after that and the performance up to the latest time point. The demand actual performance indicates the actual power consumption every certain time. The demand actual performance includes the 30-minute integrated demand and the derived quantity, and the actual CFE rate. The 30-minute integrated demand is an integrated value obtained by integrating the actual power consumption every 30 minutes. The actual power consumption is notified from the measurement unit 12. As the derived quantity, any of the previous day's actual value, moving average value, etc. may be included. The demand prediction unit 22 can be calculated in the output processing unit 142b of the terminal device 14 and apply the notified actual CFE rate (described later).

[0049] Note that the demand prediction unit 22 may simultaneously execute a learning process of sequentially constructing training data and learning a demand prediction model using the constructed training data, and a calculation process of calculating predicted power consumption from usage status information using the demand prediction model obtained by learning. In that case, the execution of the learning process and the execution of the inference process may be synchronized or asynchronous. Further, the demand prediction unit 22 may execute the inference process using a demand prediction model learned in another device without executing the learning process.

[0050] Next, an example of the display screen according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a display screen Im02 according to the present embodiment. The display screen Im02 shows the annual indicators and supply achievements related to the power supply to the demand unit 64. In the column of the annual indicators, the supply amount, the CFE achievement amount, and the annual CO2 reduction amount are shown. In the column of the supply amount, the power supply amount up to the latest point in time and the year-on-year comparison with the same period of the previous year are shown. The output processing unit 142b of the terminal device 14 can obtain the supplied power of the demand unit 64 over one year up to the latest point in time as the power supply amount by integrating. In the column of the CFE achievement amount, the CFE power supply amount supplied to the demand unit 64 up to the latest point in time and the CFE achievement rate are shown. The CFE achievement rate shows the ratio of the CFE power amount up to the latest point in time to the initially planned CFE power amount.

[0051] In the column of the annual CO2 reduction amount, the annual CO2 reduction amount, the comparison with normal power, and the emission amount are shown. The annual CO2 reduction amount shows the reduction amount from the emission amount of CO2 that would be emitted assuming it was covered by normal power due to the supply of CFE power over one year up to the latest point in time. The comparison with normal power shows the reduction rate from the emission amount of CO2 due to the supply of normal power. Normal power is supplied assuming that the supply of CFE power at a target CFE rate or higher in the demand unit 64 is not applied.

[0052] The output processing unit 142b determines, for example, the amount of CO2 emissions for each non-CFE power source notified from the supply control unit 34 among the actual supplied power, by multiplying the integrated value obtained by integrating the power supply amount for each non-CFE power source over one year up to the latest point in time by the CO2 emission coefficient corresponding to the power source type. Then, the output processing unit 142b can determine the total sum of the CO2 emissions for each non-CFE power source as the CO2 emissions of the normal power. By using a similar method, the output processing unit 142b can estimate the CO2 emissions in that case based on the power supply amount for each non-CFE power source estimated when applying the supply of CFE power according to this embodiment.

[0053] In the column of emissions, the annual CO2 emissions related to the supply of CFE power according to this embodiment and the ratio of the annual CO2 emissions to the annual CO2 reduction amount are shown. In the illustrated example, the emissions do not completely become zero. This is because the supply amount of CFE power does not reach the target supply amount due to weather conditions, etc., and is supplemented by non-CFE power. In the column of supply record, the power supply amount per hour for the demand unit 64, the component ratio of each power source type, the CO2 emission coefficient, and the weather are shown. As power source types, solar power generation, hydrogen thermal power generation, and offshore wind power generation are exemplified. The weather is represented by a designed mark. The illustrated CO2 emission coefficient is obtained by dividing the estimated CO2 emissions for the demand unit 64 by the actual supply amount.

[0054] Note that the control unit 142 of the terminal device 14 may include a configuration related to the demand unit 64 of the demand prediction unit 22 and form a part of the functions of the terminal device 14. In that case, the demand prediction unit 22 may not be provided separately from the terminal device 14. The output processing unit 142b may configure a display screen including a model diagram representing the hierarchical structure of the demand prediction model, the nodes (nodes) forming the hierarchical structure, and the learned parameters given for each reference relationship (link) between the nodes, and cause the display unit 146 to display it. The demand prediction unit 22 may derive the contribution degree for each element of the input value with respect to the predicted power consumption to be the output value from the learned demand prediction model (feature amount analysis). The demand prediction unit 22 can use statistics such as LME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) as index values of contribution degrees.

[0055] The demand prediction unit 22 may exclude elements whose contribution degrees do not meet a certain reference contribution degree, and learn a demand prediction model using training data including input values that include elements whose contribution degrees are equal to or higher than the reference contribution degree. Further, the demand prediction unit 22 may use the learned demand prediction model to infer an output value corresponding to an input value that includes an element whose contribution degree is equal to or higher than the reference contribution degree.

[0056] The output processing unit 142b may configure a display screen including a diagram showing the contribution degrees calculated for each element of the input value by the demand prediction unit 22, and cause the configured display screen to be displayed on the display unit 146. In the example of FIG. 7, the contribution degrees calculated for each element of the input value are shown in descending order of the contribution degrees. On the vertical axis, the elements of the usage status information corresponding to each element of the input value are shown as factors. The contribution degree is shown on the horizontal axis. A user in contact with the display screen can immediately grasp the factors that significantly affect the predicted power consumption.

[0057] Next, a configuration example of the supply amount prediction model related to the supply control unit 34 will be described. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the supply amount prediction model. The supply amount prediction model is configured for the entire power supply system PS, and is a mathematical model used in the inference stage to calculate the predicted supply amount for each adjustable power source as an output value from an input value including weather information, actual supply amount, and power source basic information. The power source basic information is information indicating the power supply capacity characteristics of the power source.

[0058] The supply control unit 34 learns a supply amount prediction model using training data separate from the learning of the demand prediction model. Each dataset included in the training data associates an input value (explanatory variable) including weather information, actual supply amount, and power source basic information at a past point in time with the actual power consumption (objective variable) at that time. In the learning stage, the supply control unit 34 searches for a parameter set in which the predicted value calculated from the input value using the demand prediction model approximates the output value. The supply control unit 34 repeats the process of searching for the parameter set until the magnitude of the difference between the predicted value and the output value becomes equal to or less than a certain convergence reference value.

[0059] The weather information may differ for each power source. This is because the installation positions may differ for each power source. The input values input to the demand prediction model may be configured by being classified for each power source. FIG. 9 shows the information elements of the input values using a photovoltaic power generation system as an example of a power source. The information elements include weather information, actual power generation amount, and power plant basic information, and are associated with a power source ID. The power source ID is identification information for identifying individual power sources. The weather information has the same items as those exemplified in FIG. 5. The weather information can be acquired from a weather information site. The actual power generation amount corresponds to the actual supply amount. The actual power generation amount is notified to the supply control unit 34 from individual power sources.

[0060] The power plant basic information is an example of the power source basic information, and the power plant basic information includes the installed capacity, installation orientation, panel angle, and performance information. These indicate the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system. The power source basic information may include different items for different types of power sources. For example, the power source basic information related to a wind power generation system may include the windmill type, rated wind speed, rotor rotation speed, rated capacity, and the like.

[0061] Note that the supply control unit 34 may simultaneously execute a learning process of sequentially constructing training data and learning a supply amount prediction model using the constructed training data, and an inference process of calculating predicted power consumption from weather information, actual power generation amount, and power plant basic information using the supply amount prediction model obtained by learning. In that case, the execution of the learning process and the execution of the inference process may be synchronized or asynchronous. Further, the supply control unit 34 may not execute the learning process and may execute the inference process using a supply amount prediction model learned by other devices.

[0062] As described above, in the present embodiment, the demand prediction unit 22 uses a demand prediction model to predict predicted power consumption, which is a predicted value of the power consumption of the demand unit 64 at a prediction time later than the current time, based on the power usage status of the demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from a power supply point where power is supplied from the power distribution facilities constituting the power transmission and distribution system 50. The supply control unit 34 controls the operation of the adjustable power source according to the operating environment so that the total supply amount of power without environmental load among the power supplied from the power source system 40 having a plurality of power sources satisfies the total demand amount at the prediction time and is equal to or greater than the target supply amount at the prediction time. The target setting unit 32 sets the total demand amount and the target supply amount so that predicted power consumption with a ratio of low environmental load power without environmental load in the demand unit 64 being equal to or greater than a predetermined target ratio is ensured. Then, the CFE rate is used as the ratio of low environmental load power and the target ratio, and the case where the demand unit 64 is an area such as a floor, room, or floor of a building is taken as an example.

[0063] With this configuration, the power supply to the demand unit 64 is controlled so as to satisfy the demand amount predicted according to the usage status and the CFE rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined target CFE rate. The CFE rate of the supplied power is set for each demand unit 64 having a finer granularity than the power supply point, and the power supply is controlled so as to satisfy the set target CFE rate. Therefore, it is possible to improve the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate for the local demand unit 64 compared to the power supply point under the limited power supply capacity. As a result, it is possible to support the achievement of the target CFE rate by the consumer.

[0064] Further, the target setting unit 32 may set the total power supply amount and the CFE power supply amount so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount for the demand unit 64 during a specific application period notified from the terminal device 14. With this configuration, for the demand unit 64 during a specific application period, power supply is controlled so as to satisfy the demand amount predicted according to the usage situation and the CFE rate becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate. Therefore, under the total power demand that changes with time, it is possible to improve the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate for the demand unit 64 temporarily. For example, opportunities to appeal the supply and demand of CFE power in events with limited locations and periods, such as sales promotion sales, exhibitions, festivals, etc., can be set more flexibly.

[0065] <Second Embodiment> Next, the second embodiment will be described. In the following description, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and for common points with the first embodiment, the description thereof will be incorporated by reference unless otherwise specified. This embodiment takes the case where the demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from the power supply point is an individual device as an example.

[0066] FIG. 10 is an external view showing a first configuration example of the measurement unit according to this embodiment. FIG. 10 illustrates a smart plug 12b as another example of the measurement unit. The smart plug 12b has a power plug on the bottom surface and a power socket on the surface. The power plug can be directly fitted to an outlet, and the power socket can be fitted to the power plug of the device serving as the demand unit 64 at a certain time. The smart plug 12b incorporates a power sensor and an input / output interface (not shown). When the power plug of the smart plug 12b is inserted into the outlet and the power plug of another device serving as a load is inserted into the power socket of the smart plug 12b, power is supplied from the power supply point to the device via the outlet and the smart plug 12b. The power sensor measures the actual power consumption of the device from the power flowing through itself and notifies the measured actual power consumption to the input / output interface. The input / output interface notifies the measured actual power consumption to the demand prediction unit 22 by wire or wirelessly.

[0067] The smart plug 12b may be connected to the terminal device 14 so as to be inputtable and outputtable, or may be configured as a part of the terminal device 14. For example, the smart plug 12b may have a computer system and may realize the function of the control unit of the terminal device 14. In the example of FIG. 13, the display unit 146b is disposed at a position adjacent to the wall outlet. With such a configuration, the actual power consumption of the device that is the demand unit 64 can be obtained by the smart plug 12b without requiring any special construction work.

[0068] FIG. 12 is an external view showing a second configuration example of the measurement unit according to the present embodiment. FIG. 12 illustrates a clamp meter 12c as still another example of the measurement unit. The clamp meter 12c includes a clamp sensor, a measurement circuit, and an input / output interface. The clamp sensor includes a pair of sensor members formed to face each other in a horseshoe shape, and can be opened and closed between the sensor members by applying an external force. The measurement circuit measures the power flowing through the power line in a state where the power line is sandwiched by the clamp sensor. The input / output interface outputs the measured power as the actual power consumption to the demand prediction unit 22 by wire or wirelessly. Thus, according to the clamp meter 12c, the actual power consumption can be non-invasively obtained with the device at the wiring destination as the demand unit 64 in terms of wiring. The device at the wiring destination may be an arbitrarily installed electric device (for example, a PC, a tablet terminal device, a mobile phone). Also, if the clamp meter can be miniaturized, it becomes possible to obtain the actual power consumption of a specific member (for example, an embedded circuit) at the wiring destination in a certain device.

[0069] In the present embodiment, instead of the location ID, individual demand units 64 are specified using the device ID. The usage status information shown in FIG. 13 includes the device ID, the business / production schedule, the weather information, and the actual demand amount, and these are associated with each other. By using the device ID, the processing for each device that is the demand unit 64 can be easily identified.

[0070] The measuring units (e.g., power meter 12a, smart plug 12b, clamp meter 12c) according to the present embodiment described above are installed on power lines that supply power from facilities related to a power supply point to specific devices. Therefore, the devices to which power is supplied can be set as demand units 64. Accordingly, power supply that satisfies the target CFE rate and demand can be subdivided and executed on a device-by-device basis. This increases the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate for a more localized demand unit 64.

[0071] In the above example, the measurement unit mainly measures the power consumption for each power line that distributes power to the demand unit 64, but this is not limited to the above. When an area (application area) to be applied as the demand unit 64 is set in advance, the actual power consumption in the demand unit 64 may be estimated by apportionment metering based on the actual power consumption at the power supply point. Apportionment metering is a method permitted by Article 10 of the Measurement Act. In the example of FIG. 14, a power meter 12a is installed in a distribution board 62s that distributes power supplied from the power transmission and distribution system 50 to the power supply point. The power meter 12a monitors the power flowing from the distribution board 62s through the power lines installed at the power supply point, and calculates the actual power consumption at the power supply point as the total demand P total The terminal device 14 measures the total demand P total Let S be the area of ​​the power supply point that has been set in advance. total Demand for 64 units of floor space S i Ratio of S i / S total can be estimated as the actual power consumption in the demand unit 64s. The applicable area may be a part of the space to which power is supplied, such as a room, a section, or a partition. In this case, an area ID for identifying the area may be used instead of an equipment ID as identification information for identifying the demand unit 64s. Therefore, even if the demand unit 64 is defined by apportionment metering based on the exclusive area without depending on a specific equipment or wiring, power supply that satisfies the target CFE rate is realized.

[0072] <Third embodiment> Next, the third embodiment will be described. In the following description, the differences from the above embodiments will be mainly described, and unless otherwise specified, the descriptions of the common points with the above embodiments will be incorporated by reference. This embodiment takes the case where the demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from the power supply point is an individual consumer as an example. The consumer is not limited to a natural person or a legal entity, and may be a group of people with a certain purpose, that is, a society (group, organization).

[0073] In this embodiment, each individual demand unit 64 is associated with one or two or more secondary demand units. Each secondary demand unit can be the area according to the first embodiment or the device according to the second embodiment. That is, the demand unit 64 is associated with two or more devices, two or more areas, or a set of one or more devices and one or more areas that are more subdivided than ordinary demand units. The demand prediction unit 22 can specify, for example, the demand unit corresponding to the secondary demand unit related to the acquired usage information by referring to a mapping table showing the relationship between the preset demand unit 64 and the secondary demand unit.

[0074] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a mapping table according to this embodiment. The mapping table shows the correspondence between the user ID indicating the demand unit and the device ID indicating each secondary demand unit. In the example of FIG. 15, one user ID is associated with four device IDs (device ID1 to device ID4). For example, the user ID corresponding to the device ID3 can be specified by referring to the mapping table.

[0075] The demand prediction unit 22 aggregates the usage information for each secondary demand unit for each common demand unit. The demand prediction unit 22 can avoid duplication by leaving one common piece of information among the secondary demand units and eliminating the other common pieces of information from the element information of the usage information. The aggregated usage information is used to estimate the predicted power consumption. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating usage information according to the present embodiment. Among the usage information shown in FIG. 15, the business / production schedule and the weather information are common among device IDs 1 to 4. On the other hand, since the business / production schedule and the weather information are different among device IDs 1 to 4, they are each listed.

[0076] In the example of FIG. 16, the demand actual results are set for each device, and the demand prediction unit 22 may apply each demand actual result as an element of a group of input values to the inference process or the learning process, but is not limited thereto. The demand prediction unit 22 may calculate the sum of the 30-minute integrated demand / derived amount for each device as the actual 30-minute integrated demand / derived amount of demand unit 64, and calculate the weighted average value of the CFE rate for each device as the actual CFE rate of demand unit 64. The demand prediction unit 22 may apply the calculated actual 30-minute integrated demand / derived amount and the demand actual results including the actual CFE rate as elements of a group of input values to the inference process or the learning process.

[0077] FIG. 17 is a diagram showing another power distribution configuration example at the power supply point according to the present embodiment. In the illustrated example, a single business operator occupying a specific floor of an office building is used as demand unit 64. The business operator has concluded a contract to supply environment-friendly power to some of the rooms on the occupied floor as secondary demand units 66x and 66y, and supply normal power to the remaining rooms. Power supplied from the power supply system 40 is distributed to each room on the occupied floor including the secondary demand units 66x and 66y via a distribution board 62x serving as a power supply unit. The measurement unit 12x of the business operator measures the actual power consumption as the demand actual results in each room, and notifies the measured actual power consumption to the demand prediction unit 22. The terminal device 14x of the business operator notifies the demand prediction unit 22 of information including the power usage status of each room by the business operator. The demand prediction unit 22 estimates the predicted power consumption (predicted demand amount) based on the usage information including the demand actual results using the above demand prediction model, and notifies the estimated predicted power consumption to the target setting unit 32. Power supply information including the predicted supply amount is notified to the terminal device 14x from the supply control unit 34.

[0078] The output processing unit 142b of the terminal device 14x can configure a display screen representing power supply information related to a specific secondary demand unit instead of the demand unit 64. Next, an example of the display screen according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a display screen Im12 according to the present embodiment. In addition to the annual index and supply record, the display screen Im12 has a header at the uppermost row. The header includes the name of the consumer company, the contract plan name "Point CFE100", the name of the site being displayed, and a language switch button. As the name of the site being displayed, the name of one of the sites related to one or more sites of the consumer who is the contracting party can be selected according to a user operation. In the illustrated example, "7th Floor of XXX Building" is selected. The selectable sites correspond to secondary demand units, and the annual index and supply record related to the selected site are displayed. The language switch menu can select either Japanese "JP" or English "EN" as the language representing the character strings constituting the display screen according to an operation. In the illustrated example, Japanese is selected.

[0079] On the left middle part of the display screen Im12, a simplified diagram showing the power transmission and distribution system 50 that supplies power from each individual power source to the selected secondary demand unit is displayed. The diagram includes icons indicating each power source for each power source type and the secondary demand unit. Also, the component ratio of each power source type of the supply power at that time and "100% total supply of green power" as the CFE rate in the secondary demand unit at that time are shown in association with the respective icons. On the right middle part of the display screen Im12, the cumulative CO2 reduction amount on that day due to the consumption of CFE power in the selected secondary demand unit is shown. As an explanatory text for the cumulative CO2 reduction amount, a text showing the number of cedar trees obtained by converting the cumulative CO2 reduction amount by the average annual CO2 absorption amount by photosynthesis and a diagram showing the concept are appended.

[0080] As described above, in the present embodiment, it is a consumer related to at least one of one or more devices to which power is supplied from a power supply point and one or more regions. Therefore, the devices or regions to which power is supplied can be included on a per-consumer basis. In other words, the power supply that satisfies the target CFE rate and the demand can be aggregated and executed on a per-consumer basis. Also, it serves as evidence when appealing the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate on a per-consumer basis.

[0081] <Fourth Embodiment> Next, the fourth embodiment will be described. In the following description, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the descriptions of the common points with the above embodiments will be incorporated by reference unless otherwise specified. FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of a power supply system PS according to the present embodiment. Among a plurality of demand units 64 in the service area of the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment, at least one demand unit 64c includes one or more charging devices. The charging device enables charging of other devices (referred to as "devices to be charged" in the present application). The devices to be charged constitute a demand unit 64v that indirectly receives power supply from a power supply point via the demand unit 64c. The demand unit 64v temporarily functions as a secondary demand unit.

[0082] In the example of FIG. 19, the charging device is installed on a charging stand. The device to be charged is a battery electric vehicle (BEV). The BEV is equipped with a rechargeable battery (i.e., a secondary battery) and operates by consuming the power stored in the secondary battery. The position of the charging device may be fixed or may be movable by providing a moving body. Terminal devices 14c and 14v are respectively associated with demand units 64c and 64v. The demand units 64c and 64v each include a terminal device 14c and 14v, and may be integrated. The terminal devices 14c and 14v are respectively connected to the measurement units 12c and 12v wirelessly or by wire. The terminal devices 14c and 14v each include a measurement unit 12c and 12v, and may be integrated. The terminal device 14c may have any form, such as a personal computer, a controller dedicated to charging equipment, etc. The terminal device 14v is, for example, in-vehicle information equipment installed in a BEV,

[0083] The measurement unit 12c measures the amount of power supplied from the charging equipment to the device to be charged in the demand unit 64c. The terminal device 14c notifies the demand prediction unit 22 (Fig. 1) and the power supply management system 30 of the power usage status information of the demand unit 64c at predetermined time intervals. The terminal device 14c includes the amount of power supplied measured by the measurement unit 12c in the power usage status information of the demand unit 64c as the actual power consumption. Instead of the terminal device 14 (Fig. 1), the demand prediction unit 22 uses the power usage status information notified from the terminal device 14c to calculate the predicted power consumption in the demand unit 64c. By controlling the amount of power supply in the power supply management system 30, power having a CFE rate equal to or higher than the target CFE rate is provided to the demand unit 64c. A part or all of the power is supplied from the demand unit 64c to the demand unit 64v.

[0084] The terminal device 14c may include time information indicating the time at that point, identification information of the device to be charged, and identification information of the charging device in the power usage status information of the demand unit 64c. For example, the terminal device 14c acquires the identification information of the device to be charged according to a predetermined communication procedure in the process of connecting the charging device and the device to be charged. The time information may be notified using a time stamp. The identification information of the charging device is set in the terminal device 14c in advance. The demand prediction unit 22 may include, as an element value, time information indicating the time at that point in the input value, and use it for calculating the predicted power consumption and learning the demand prediction model. Thereby, in calculating the predicted power consumption, the correlation between other element values (for example, weather information) and the charging period or the usage frequency of the demand unit 64c is considered.

[0085] The measurement unit 12v measures the supply amount of power supplied from the charging device to the device to be charged in the demand unit 64v. The terminal device 14v notifies the power supply management system 30 of the power usage status information of the demand unit 64v at regular intervals. The terminal device 14v includes the power supply amount measured by the measurement unit 12v as the actual power consumption, time information indicating the time at that point, and the identification information of the device to be charged set in advance in the power usage status information of the demand unit 64v.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 20, the power supply management system 30 includes a supply information management unit 36 in addition to a target setting unit 32 and a supply control unit 34. Further, the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment may further include an authentication system 72 (FIG. 19). The supply information management unit 36 is connected to be able to transmit and receive various data with the terminal devices 14, 14c, 14v, and other devices using a communication network. The supply information management unit 36 includes an information providing unit 36a and an information collecting unit 36b.

[0087] The information providing unit 36a provides guidance information indicating the location (e.g., address, facility name, latitude and longitude, etc.) of the charging equipment constituting the demand unit 64c within the service area of the power supply system PS to other devices via a communication network. The information providing unit 36a pre-receives from the terminal device 14c the charging facility registration information indicating the charging facility forming the demand unit 64c and its location, and pre-saves the guidance information indicating the location shown in the received charging facility registration information.

[0088] In response to receiving a guidance information request from another device, the information providing unit 36a reads out the guidance information pre-stored in its own unit, and transmits the read-out guidance information to the other device that is the requester as a response to the guidance information request. The information providing unit 36a is configured as, for example, a web server. The guidance information is configured by superimposing a predetermined symbol (e.g., a pattern of a charging stand or a battery) on each of one or more positions where the charging equipment is installed on a map representing part or all of the service area. Text indicating that CFE power can be supplied, the target CFE rate, etc. may be added to the guidance information. The information providing unit 36a may search for the demand unit 64c that matches the place name or facility name shown in the guidance information request or is within a predetermined range from the latitude and longitude shown in the guidance information request, and provide the guidance information related to the searched demand unit 64c. Since the user of another device can know the location of the demand unit 64c from which CFE power can be obtained by contacting the guidance information, the acquisition of CFE power from the demand unit 64c is promoted. That is, the other device to which the guidance information is provided can be a candidate for the terminal device 14v.

[0089] The information collection unit 36b acquires the actual supply amount information indicating the actual supply amount of power from each individual power source constituting the power supply system 40 and the target supply amount information indicating the target supply amount of CFE power from the target setting unit 32 at predetermined time intervals, and saves them in its own unit. The information collection unit 36b associates and aggregates the actual supply amount information and the target supply amount information at each time within a predetermined reporting period among the collected actual supply amount information and target supply amount information to form reporting data. The information collection unit 36b transmits the configured reporting data to the authentication system 72.

[0090] The authentication system 72 determines whether the power supplied from the power system 40 based on the report data received from the information collection unit 36b meets a predetermined target CFE rate in the demand unit 64 within the service area of the power supply system PS. More specifically, the authentication system 72 calculates, for each predetermined time period, the sum of the CFE powers among the actual supply amounts indicated in the report data as the actual supply amount of CFE power. The authentication system 72 determines whether the actual supply amount of CFE power calculated for each predetermined time period is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power indicated in the report data. Based on whether the actual supply amount of CFE power at each time within the reporting period is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power indicated in the report data, the authentication system 72 can determine whether the power supplied to each individual demand unit 64 including the demand unit 64c within the reporting period meets the target CFE rate. When the authentication system 72 determines that the target CFE rate is met, it outputs CFE certification information indicating that fact to the information collection unit 36b. When the authentication system 72 determines that the target CFE rate is not met, it transmits determination information indicating that fact to the information providing unit 36a. The authentication system 72 is, for example, a server device managed by a trading institution that mediates the supply and demand of power, a certification institution that certifies the quality of power, or the like.

[0091] The information providing unit 36a stores the certification information or determination information received from the authentication system 72. In response to receiving a request for certification information from another device, the information providing unit 36a reads out the stored certification information and transmits the read-out certification information to the other device that is the request source. The information providing unit 36a may store the certification information included in the guidance information. The information providing unit 36a includes the certification information in the guidance information in response to a request for guidance information, or provides it to another device in association with the guidance information. Therefore, the user who comes into contact with the certification information is encouraged to receive power supply from the demand unit 64c.

[0092] Note that the information providing unit 36a may have the same functions as the authentication system 72. In that case, instead of the transmission and reception between the information providing unit 36a and the authentication system 72 described above, related information is passed within the information providing unit 36a. The information providing unit 36a does not necessarily have to have a reporting period set. The information providing unit 36a may sequentially determine whether the target CFE rate is met based on whether the actual supplied amount of CFE power per time is equal to or greater than the target supplied amount of CFE power. The information providing unit 36a may notify the terminal device 14v related to the demand unit 64v that receives power supply from the demand unit 64c of the determination result information indicating the determination result. The information providing unit 36a can obtain the terminal device 14v related to the demand unit 64v that receives power supply from the demand unit 64c based on the power usage status information of the demand units 64v and 64c described above. The terminal device 14v may specify the period during which the target CFE rate is met based on the determination result information notified from the information providing unit 36a, and calculate the amount of power supplied from the demand unit 64c and stored in the demand unit 64v during the specified period as the CFE stored power amount. The terminal device 14v may configure a display screen including information related to the CFE stored power amount, and display the configured display screen on the display unit.

[0093] The terminal device 14v may configure a display screen showing the power usage status of the demand unit 64v, and display the configured display screen on the display unit of its own device. FIG. 21 shows a first example of the display screen according to the present embodiment. The display screen illustrated in FIG. 21 is displayed on the terminal device 14v mounted on the BEV when the BEV serving as the demand unit 64v receives power supply from the charging stand serving as the demand unit 64c. In the example of FIG. 21, the target CFE rate is 100%. On the display screen illustrated in FIG. 21, icons of power sources for each power source type, an icon of the charging stand serving as the demand unit 64c, an icon of the BEV serving as the demand unit 64v, and an icon of the storage battery built in the BEV are arranged in that order from left to right. Among the icons of the storage battery, a partial area biased downward of the body part is filled with a different color tone or gradation from the remaining area. A partial area of the entire area of the body part corresponds to the amount of power of CFE100% power.

[0094] On the display screen, a selection switch for the green power charging mode and a zero-emission charging stand search button are further arranged. The selection switch for the green power charging mode is a button for selecting whether to receive power supply that satisfies the target CFE rate according to the operation. The zero-emission charging stand search button is a button for instructing the transmission to the information providing unit 36a for the guide information request according to the operation. On the said display screen, numerical values of CO2 emissions, battery remaining amount, CFE100% power, navigable distance, and CFE navigable distance are respectively displayed. As the battery remaining amount, the ratio of the stored power amount to the capacity of the storage battery is shown. The stored power amount is the amount of power stored in the storage battery and is measured by the measurement unit 12c. As CFE100% power, the ratio of the amount of power supplied to the demand unit 64c to the capacity of the storage battery is shown. The navigable distance is calculated by multiplying the stored power amount by the traveling distance per unit power amount. The CFE navigable distance is calculated by multiplying the CFE100% power by the traveling distance per unit power amount.

[0095] FIG. 22 shows a second example of the display screen according to the present embodiment. The display screen illustrated in FIG. 22 is displayed when the terminal device 14v is a smartphone and receives power supply from the demand unit 64c to the demand unit 64v. The display screen illustrated in FIG. 22 is configured by arranging a vehicle design, a selection switch for the green power charging mode, remaining power, navigable distance, and control buttons in that order from top to bottom. As the remaining power, the ratio of the stored power amount to the capacity of the storage battery provided in the device to be charged is shown. The control button is a button for instructing the display of the operation screen for various devices installed in the vehicle by the operation.

[0096] Note that in the above example, the case where the charging device forming the demand unit 64c is a charging stand and the device to be charged forming the demand unit 64v is a BEV is taken as an example, but it is not limited to this. The charging device forming the demand unit 64c may be a charging spot, and the device to be charged forming the demand unit 64v may be an information device such as a mobile phone or a personal computer, a lighting device such as a flashlight, or a video and audio device such as a television receiver or a radio receiver. The terminal device 14v or the terminal device 14c may be an information device forming the demand unit 64v.

[0097] As described above, in the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment, the variable power source includes at least one power source with a low environmental load (for example, a CFE power source), the demand unit 64c includes at least one charging device, and the power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the device to be charged (for example, a BEV). According to this configuration, under the limited power supply capacity, the power supply is controlled so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount for the charging device forming the local demand unit 64c and the CFE rate becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate.

[0098] Further, the power supply system PS may include an information providing unit 36a that provides, to other devices using a network, guidance information indicating the location of the demand unit 64c having the charging device. According to this configuration, the user of other devices that come into contact with the guidance information can know the location of the charging device that can charge with power having a CFE rate equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate. Therefore, the use of low environmental load power with a CFE rate equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate is promoted.

[0099] The information providing unit 36a may provide, to other devices using a network, authentication information indicating that the ratio of the CFE power in the power supplied to the charging device (for example, the CFE rate) satisfies a predetermined target rate (for example, the target CFE rate). Further, when the supply amount of CFE power from a plurality of power sources (for example, the power supply system 40) is equal to or greater than the target CFE power supply amount, the information providing unit 36a may determine that the ratio of the CFE power of the power supplied from the charging device satisfies the target CFE rate. According to this configuration, it is possible to convey to the users of other devices in contact with the guidance information that the power supplied from the demand unit 64c satisfies the CFE rate at a predetermined target CFE rate. Therefore, the use of low environmental load power with a CFE rate equal to or higher than the predetermined target CFE rate is motivated.

[0100] <Fifth Embodiment> Next, the fifth embodiment will be described. In the following description, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and unless otherwise specified, the description of the common points with the above embodiments will be incorporated by reference. FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment. In the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment, the power supply system 40 includes at least one system storage battery 42 as a kind of power source. The system storage battery 42 accumulates surplus power left without being consumed when the total supply amount of power supplied from other power sources of the power supply system 40 exceeds the total demand amount. Even if the total supply amount of power supplied from other power sources of the power supply system 40 may be less than the total demand amount, the system storage battery 42 discharges the power stored in itself to the power transmission and distribution system 50 so that the total supply amount of power supplied from the entire power supply system 40 does not fall below the total demand amount. The system storage battery 42 corresponds to an adjustable power source. The CFE rate of the power supplied from the system storage battery 42 corresponds to the CFE rate of the power stored in the system storage battery 42.

[0101] In this embodiment, the supply control unit 34 determines the target supply amount for each adjustable power source so that the CFE rate of the power supplied to each demand unit 64 and the CFE rate of the power stored in the system storage battery 42 are both equal to or higher than the target CFE. When power is stored in the system storage battery 42, the supply amount of power from the system storage battery 42 becomes a negative value. At this time, the target setting unit 32 determines the target supply amount of CFE power so that it is equal to or higher than the sum of the demand amounts of CFE power obtained by multiplying the predicted demand amount for each demand unit 64 by the CFE rate and the amount of CFE power stored in the system storage battery 42 (that is, the positive / negative inversion value of the supply amount of power from the system storage battery 42). Then, the supply control unit 34 sets the sum of the predicted supply amounts for each power source including the adjustable power source and the variable power source as the total supply amount of power in the power supply system PS, in the same manner as in the above embodiment, and sets the target supply amount for each adjustable power source so that the total supply amount is equal to or higher than the target total supply amount and the sum of the supply amounts of CFE power for each CFE power source (that is, the total supply amount of CFE power) is equal to or higher than the target supply amount of CFE power, with the constraint that the power supply cost is minimized as much as possible.

[0102] Also, when power is discharged from the system storage battery 42, the supply amount of power from the system storage battery 42 becomes a positive value. At this time, the supply control unit 34 calculates the supply amount of CFE power by multiplying the supply amount of power supplied from the system storage battery 42 by the target CFE rate, and calculates the total supply amount of CFE power by adding the calculated supply amount of CFE power to the sum of the supply amounts of CFE power for each CFE power source. Then, the supply control unit 34 sets the target supply amount for each adjustable power source so that the total supply amount of power in the power supply system PS is equal to or higher than the target total supply amount and the sum of the supply amounts of CFE power for each CFE power source (that is, the total supply amount of CFE power) is greater than the target supply amount of CFE power, with the constraint that the power supply cost is minimized as much as possible.

[0103] As shown in FIG. 20, the power supply management system 30 according to this embodiment may further include a supply information management unit 36 in addition to the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34. The power supply system PS according to this embodiment may further include an authentication system 72 (FIG. 23). The information collection unit 36b acquires the actual supply amount information indicating the actual supply amount of power from each power source (including the system storage battery 42) that makes up the power supply system 40 at predetermined time intervals, and the target supply amount information indicating the target supply amount of CFE power from the target setting unit 32, and stores them in its own unit. The information collection unit 36b aggregates the collected actual supply amount information and target supply amount information for a predetermined reporting period, and transmits the aggregated report data to the authentication system 72.

[0104] The authentication system 72 determines whether the power stored in the system storage battery 42 satisfies a predetermined target CFE rate based on the report data received from the information collection unit 36b. More specifically, for the period during which power is stored in the system storage battery 42, the authentication system 72 calculates, at predetermined time intervals, the sum of the actual supply amounts between CFE power sources other than the system storage battery 42 in the actual supply amount shown in the report data as the actual supply amount of CFE power. The authentication system 72 determines whether the actual supply amount of CFE power calculated at predetermined time intervals is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power shown in the report data. The authentication system 72 determines whether the power stored in the system storage battery 42 satisfies the target CFE rate based on whether the actual supply amount of CFE power is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power shown in the report data at each moment within the period during which power is stored from the system storage battery 42 during the reporting period. The target supply amount of CFE power corresponds to the sum of the required amounts of CFE power obtained by multiplying the actual supply amount for each demand unit 64 by the CFE rate, and the sum of the amounts of power of CFE power stored in the system storage battery 42.

[0105] When the authentication system 72 determines that the target CFE rate is satisfied, it outputs proof information indicating that fact to the information collection unit 36b. When the authentication system 72 determines that the target CFE rate is not satisfied, it transmits determination information indicating that fact to the information providing unit 36a. The information providing unit 36a stores the proof information or determination information received from the authentication system 72. In response to receiving a proof information request from another device, the information providing unit 36a reads out the stored proof information and transmits the read proof information to the other device that is the requester. The requester of the proof information may be the terminal device 14 related to the demand unit 64.

[0106] The information providing unit 36a may determine whether the power stored in the grid battery 42 meets the target CFE rate for a predetermined reporting period using the same method as the authentication system 72, or may sequentially determine whether the power stored in the grid battery 42 meets the target CFE rate at each time. Here, the information providing unit 36a determines whether the actual supply amount of CFE power is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power at each time when the supply amount of power from the grid battery 42 becomes negative as described above. The information providing unit 36a may notify the terminal device 14 related to the demand unit 64 of the determination result information indicating the determination result. The terminal device 14 related to the demand unit 64 is preset in the information providing unit 36a. When the terminal device 14 includes the measurement unit 12 or is connected to the measurement unit 12, the transmission source of the actual power consumption notified to the demand prediction unit 22 or the target setting unit 32 can be specified as the terminal device 14. The terminal device 14 may configure a display screen including the determination result information notified from the information providing unit 36a and display the configured display screen on the display unit.

[0107] In the above description, the case where the battery provided in the power supply system 40 is the grid battery 42 is taken as an example, but it is not limited to this. The battery provided in the power supply system 40 may be configured as a rechargeable and dischargeable DC power supply such as a stationary power supply device (including a so-called disaster prevention battery device) or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

[0108] As described above, in the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment, the adjustable power source includes at least one rechargeable and dischargeable battery, and the supply control unit 34 determines the charge amount or the discharge amount as the power supply amount from the battery. According to this configuration, when the supply amount of power from other power sources is greater than the total demand amount, the charge amount of the power charged in the surplus battery is determined, and when the supply amount of power from other power sources is less than the total demand amount, the discharge amount of the power discharged from the battery is determined. Therefore, the power supply and demand from the power supply system can be stabilized.

[0109] The target setting unit may determine the power supply amount for each adjustable power source so that the ratio of the CFE power of the power charged to the storage battery is equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate. According to this configuration, it is promoted that the ratio of the CFE power of the power discharged from the storage battery satisfies a predetermined target CFE rate. Therefore, the supply and demand of the CFE power can be stabilized.

[0110] <Method for operating and controlling a power source> Next, a specific example of the method for operating and controlling a power source in the power supply system PS according to the embodiment of the present application will be described. FIG. 24 illustrates the time changes in the supply amount (power generation amount) for each power source and the total demand amount (demand amount). The power supply amount for each power source and the total demand amount fluctuate on a daily cycle. For example, a solar power generator generates power during the day and cannot supply power at night. The supply amount of the solar power generator during the day is larger than that in the early morning or evening. Also, the power generation amount by the solar power generator depends on the weather. Depending on the date and time, the power generation amount of the solar power generator alone may exceed the total demand amount. On the other hand, when the power generation amount of the solar power generator does not satisfy the total demand amount, the power insufficient only by solar power generation is supplemented from other power sources. During the period from after sunset to night, the ratio of the grid power tends to be higher than in other periods. Therefore, if the supply control unit 34 performs the operation control of the power source with the minimization of the power supply cost as a norm, it may not be possible to guarantee a predetermined CFE rate in the power supplied to each demand unit 64.

[0111] Therefore, the target setting unit 32 acquires data on the total demand amount, the supply amount for each power source type, and the target CFE rate within a predetermined period after the current time. Also, when the power supply system PS supplies power (sells electricity) to a separate power supply system, the market price per unit supply amount may be included. In the example of FIG. 25, the target setting unit 32 acquires data on the total demand amount, the power supply amount (power generation amount) by solar power generation, the market price, the target CFE rate, etc. in the prediction period from the current time to three days later. The target setting unit 32 calculates, for example, a predicted value of the total demand volume as an output value for each time slot from the input values using a total demand prediction model. A time slot refers to a unit time (for example, 15 minutes to 1 hour) having a predetermined length starting from a certain time. The input values include date and time information, weather information in the service area, and actual values of the total demand volume. The date and time information includes information indicating the day of the week, the time slot, and whether it is a business day or not. The target setting unit 32 calculates the predicted value of the total demand volume as the target total supply volume, or calculates the target total supply volume by multiplying the predicted value by a coefficient greater than 1.

[0112] The target setting unit 32 calculates, for example, a predicted value of the supply volume as an output value for each time slot from the input values using a supply volume prediction model for each power source type. The supply volume prediction model may be applied to the prediction of the power supply volume from adjustable power sources in addition to variable power sources. The input values include date and time information, weather information in the service area, and actual values (actual supply volumes) of the supply volume of the power source type. The target setting unit 32 calculates, for example, a predicted value of the market price as an output value for each time slot from the input values using a market price prediction model. The input values include date and time information, weather information in the service area, and actual values of the market price.

[0113] A machine learning model is applied as the total demand prediction model, the supply volume prediction model, and the market price prediction model, respectively. In the learning stage, the target setting unit 32 acquires training data including a plurality of data pairs associating input values and output values obtained in the past. The actual values to be predicted by each model are used as the output values. The target setting unit 32 searches for a parameter set that is closer to the output value corresponding to the input value among the predicted values calculated from the input values using the total demand prediction model, the supply volume prediction model, and the market price prediction model. For example, a weekly CFE rate weekly plan may be set for the target setting unit 32. The weekly CFE rate plan is data indicating the target CFE rate. The target CFE rate may be a constant value regardless of the date and time, or may vary for each time slot. The target setting unit 32 sets the target total power supply amount predicted for each time slot, the supply amount for each power source type, the market price, and the target CFE rate for each time slot in the supply control unit 34.

[0114] The supply control unit 34 calculates the target supply amount for each adjustable power source, with the constraints that the total supply amount of power supplied from the power system 40 is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, and the supply amount of CFE power obtained from the CFE power source is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power (i.e., the constraint conditions). Under these constraint conditions, at the prediction time, the supply control unit 34 only needs to solve the generator startup and shutdown planning problem with the norm of minimizing the power supply cost as much as possible. The supply control unit 34 notifies each adjustable power source of the calculated target supply amount as a command value. Each individual adjustable power source controls its operation so that the power supply amount approximates the target supply amount notified from the supply control unit 34. Note that the market price is not included in the constraint conditions but can be a factor in the power supply cost. Also, when the total supply amount by the power system 40 exceeds the total demand and surplus power is supplied to an external load, the sales revenue from selling the surplus power may be included as a negative power supply cost.

[0115] In the example of FIG. 24, the supply control unit 34 determines the power supply amounts of the hydrogen generator, fuel cells 1 and 2, and grid power, which are adjustable power sources, such that the supply amount of CFE power is equal to or greater than its target supply amount for the residual demand obtained by subtracting the supply amount from the solar power generator from the total demand, and the power supply cost is minimized as much as possible. Fuel cells 1 and 2 each use hydrogen as fuel. Grid power, in this example, refers to the power supplied from a power grid having a thermal power generator that burns fossil fuel as a power source. That is, the power grid is treated as one non-CFE power source in the power system 40. The power supply amount information may include operation pattern information. The operation pattern may include information on the necessity of operation for each time slot and the target supply amount information when operation is required. The operation pattern may include setting information such as rest (operation or not) due to maintenance, etc. For a power source for which rest is set, the target setting unit 32 may set the supply amount for that power source to zero.

[0116] Next, a specific example of the power supply cost according to this embodiment will be described. In the example of Equation (1), the power supply cost corresponds to the total cost TotalCost of fuel cost, fuel cost efficiency correction, sales revenue, start-up fuel cost, shut-down fuel cost, and optimization penalty. In Equation (1), i is an index indicating an individual adjustable power source. i is an integer between 0 and n. i = 0 indicates grid power. i = 1, …, n indicate adjustable power sources other than the power grid, such as hydrogen generators, fuel cells, and the like. j is an index indicating an individual time slot. j is an integer between 0 and m. j = 0 indicates the current time slot. j = 1, …, m indicate time slots in the future relative to the current time. The larger j is, the later the time slot is. That is, j = 1 indicates the first time slot in the prediction period, and j = m indicates the last time slot in the prediction period.

[0117] The power supply cost includes a volume-based cost and a non-volume-based cost. The volume-based cost is a cost that occurs according to the supply volume. The first to fourth terms on the right side of Equation (1) correspond to the volume-based cost. G ij indicates the supply volume at time slot j of power source i. The first term indicates the fuel cost of grid power. FuelPrice i indicates the fuel unit price per unit supply volume of power source i. That is, the first term is the sum between time slots of the product of the power generation volume and the fuel unit price. The second term indicates the fuel cost of adjustable power other than grid power. ηmax i indicates the power generation efficiency at the maximum output of power source i. That is, the second term is the sum between power sources and time slots of a value obtained by dividing the product of the power generation volume and the fuel unit price by the power generation efficiency at the maximum output. The third term indicates the fuel cost efficiency correction amount. The fuel cost efficiency correction amount is a correction value for the variation of the power generation efficiency of individual power sources according to the power generation volume. The third term is applied to adjustable power other than grid power. ηmin i indicates the power generation efficiency at the minimum load of power source i. Gmax i , Gmin irepresents the maximum supply amount and the minimum supply amount of power source i respectively. That is, it is the sum between power sources and between time slots of the difference from the reciprocal of the power generation efficiency of the minimum load to the reciprocal of the power generation efficiency of the maximum load, the power generation amount, the fuel cost, the difference between the supply amount and the maximum output, and the reciprocal of the difference between the maximum output and the minimum output. The fourth term represents the market sales revenue. JepxPrice j represents the electricity market unit price. CommissionRate represents the commission rate related to market sales. RD j represents the residual demand in time slot j. Therefore, the fourth term is the sum between time slots of the product of the difference between the electricity market unit price and the commission rate and the sold electricity amount obtained by subtracting the residual demand from the total supply amount of the power supply system PS.

[0118] The fifth to seventh terms on the right side of Equation (1) correspond to the non-conforming costs. The fifth term represents the start-up fuel cost. Cstart i represents the start-up cost per time of power source i. Ostart ij is an information flag indicating whether the start-up is carried out in time slot j of power source i. Therefore, the fifth term is the sum between time slots of the product of the number of start-ups per power source and the start-up cost. The sixth term represents the stop fuel cost. Cstop i represents the stop cost per time of power source i. Ostop ij is an information flag indicating whether the stop is carried out in time slot j of power source i. Therefore, the sixth term is the sum between time slots of the product of the number of stops per power source and the stop cost. The seventh term is the optimization penalty. The optimization penalty can be set for each set consisting of one or both of the power source and the time slot. The greater the value of the optimization penalty, the more it acts to relatively reduce the priority related to that power source or time slot. For example, set the optimization penalty to a larger value for time slots belonging to later days. Thereby, control is promoted such that the priority decreases more for later days when the accuracy of weather information becomes lower.

[0119]

Number

[0120] As described above, the supply control unit 34 controls the supply amount of the adjustable power source such that the supply amount of the CFE power from the CFE power source is equal to or greater than the target supply amount with respect to the residual demand obtained by subtracting the supply amount (solar power generation amount) of the solar power generator from the total demand amount as the first constraint condition (CFE rate). The first constraint condition is expressed as in Equation (2). In Equation (2), CFE i indicates a non-fossil fuel flag indicating whether the power source i is a CFE power source. That is, the supply control unit 34 determines the supply amount G ij of the adjustable power source i such that the CFE rate obtained by subtracting the ratio of the supply amount of non-CFE power to the total demand amount (non-CFE rate) from 1 is equal to or greater than the target CFE rate Z over the entire prediction period. The smaller of the total demand amount D j and the solar power generation amount PV j is defined as the solar power generation supply amount PVc j . Then, Equation (2) is transformed as in Equation (3). When the solar power generation amount PV j exceeds the total demand amount, the solar power generation supply amount PVc j corresponds to the supply amount obtained by subtracting the excess amount from the solar power generation amount PV j . The supply control unit 34 may determine the supply amount G ij of the adjustable power source i so as to satisfy Equation (3).

[0121]

Number

[0122]

Number

[0123] As a result, the supply amount of the adjustable power supply is determined so that the CFE rate, which is the ratio of the CFE power supply from the CFE power supply to the total demand amount, becomes equal to or higher than the target CFE rate. FIG. 26 shows a first control example of the supply amount for each power supply. FIG. 26 shows the total demand amount D, the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power supply, the photovoltaic power generation amount PV, and the supply amount G2 of the second adjustable power supply for each frame in this order in each row. The first adjustable power supply and the second adjustable power supply are a CFE power supply and a non-CFE power supply, respectively. The supply amount of the CFE power is the sum of the supply amounts for each power supply shown in the third and fourth rows. For example, in frame d, the sum of the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power supply and the photovoltaic power generation amount PV is 40, and the total demand amount D is 50. Therefore, the CFE achievement degree in frame d exceeds 70%, which is set in advance as the target CFE rate for the entire prediction period.

[0124] When controlling the supply amount of the adjustable power supply, the supply control unit 34 applies, as a second constraint condition (supply-demand balance), that the total supply amount of the power supplied from the power system 40 becomes equal to or higher than the target total supply amount. The second constraint condition is expressed as in Equation (4). Equation (4) shows that for each frame j, the total demand amount D j is less than or equal to the sum of the supply amounts G ij among the adjustable power supplies i and the photovoltaic power generation amount PV j . In this example, the sum of the supply amounts G ij among the adjustable power supplies i and the photovoltaic power generation amount PV j is applied as the target total supply amount. FIG. 27 shows a second control example of the supply amount for each power supply. FIG. 27 shows the total demand amount D, the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power supply, the supply amount G2 of the second adjustable power supply, and the photovoltaic power generation amount PV for each frame in this order in each row. The total supply amount is the sum of the supply amounts for each power supply shown in the second to fourth rows. For example, in frame d, the sum of the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power supply, the supply amount G2 of the second adjustable power supply, and the photovoltaic power generation amount PV is 50, and the total demand amount D is equal to 50.

[0125]

Equation

[0126] Next, examples of other constraint conditions related to the control of the supply amount of the adjustable power supply will be described. The third constraint condition is a constraint that assumes formulating the operation plan for the next day every day, and sets the final operation state of the current day formulated on the previous day as the initial operation state of the current day. The period of the initial operation state is not necessarily limited to one frame, and may be a period of two or more frames and shorter than one day (for example, the period from 0:00 am to the frame to which the sunrise time belongs). In the example of FIG. 28, the operation state o of the adjustable power supply i ij is set to either operation or stop for each frame j. According to the operation plan of the current day formulated on the previous day, the operation state o at frame -1 -1 is set to stop, the start process Ostart -1 is set to start, the operation state o0 at the final frame 0 of the current day is set to operation, and the operation states o1~o5 in the first five frames of the next day continue to be in operation (operation continuation). Then, the start process is not set to start before the next operation state becomes stop. The initial operation state o of the next day's plan ij is ij expressed as o ij ≧ApproachOstart ij ApproachOstart ij indicates the operation constraint within the period of taking the initial operation state. ApproachOstart

[0127] Similarly, when the operation state at the final frame of the current day is stop, the initial operation state of the next day is set to stop (stop continuation). The stop process is not set until the next operation state becomes operation. Therefore, the initial operation state o of the next day's plan ij is ij expressed as o ij ≦ApproachOstop ij ApproachOstop ij indicates the stop constraint within the period of taking the initial operation state. ApproachOstop

[0128] The fourth constraint is the dependency between the change in the operating state and the startup or stop process. When the operating state at frame j of the adjustable power supply i changes from stopped to operating at the immediately subsequent frame j+1, the startup process Ostart at frame j j is defined as startup. In the example of Fig. 29, since the operating states at frames d+3 and d+4 are stopped and operating respectively, the startup process Ostart at frame d+3 d+3 is set as startup. Also, the startup process Ostart j can be startup at the frame j where the operating state becomes stopped, whereas the startup process Ostart j cannot be startup at the frame j where the operating state becomes operating. Therefore, at the frame j where the operating state o ij becomes stopped, the operating state o ij and the startup process Ostart ij are constrained as shown in Equation (5). At the frame j where the operating state o ij becomes operating, the operating state o ij and the startup process Ostart ij are constrained as shown in Equation (6).

[0129]

Number

[0130]

Number

[0131] When the operating state at frame j of the adjustable power supply i changes from operating to stopped at the immediately subsequent frame j+1, the stop process Ostop at frame j i is defined as stop. In the example of Fig. 29, since the operating states at frames d+8 and d+9 are operating and stopped respectively, the stop process Ostop d+8 is set as stop. Also, the stop process Ostop j cannot be stop at the frame j where the operating state becomes stopped, whereas the stop process Ostop jcan be stopped. Therefore, the operating state o ij For the command j where it operates, the operating state o ij and the startup process Ostart ij is restricted as shown in Equation (7). The operating state o ij For the command j where it stops, the operating state o ij and the stop process Ostop ij is restricted as shown in Equation (8).

[0132]

Number

[0133]

Number

[0134] The fifth constraint condition is the continuous period during which the operating state is maintained. The fifth constraint condition is mainly a constraint on the power generation equipment. As parameters of the fifth constraint condition, there are the minimum continuous operation time MinOperation i and the minimum continuous stop time MinStop i for each adjustable power source i. The minimum continuous operation time is the period during which the operating state is maintained and the stop process is restricted after starting at command j. The minimum continuous stop time is the period during which the operating state is maintained and the startup process is restricted after starting at command j. In the example of Figure 30, the minimum continuous operation time MinOperation is set to 5 commands. After the startup process is executed at command d + 1, the operating state is maintained from command d + 2 to command d + 6, and the stop process is allowed after command d + 7. Therefore, the operating state o i(j+1+m) and the startup process Ostart ij are restricted as shown in Equation (9). The operating state o i(j+1+m) and the stop process Ostop ij are restricted as shown in Equation (10).

[0135]

Number

[0136]

Number

[0137] The sixth constraint condition is the constraint on the power supply amount for each adjustable power supply i. As parameters of the sixth constraint condition, the minimum output MinGen i and the maximum output MaxGen i for each adjustable power supply i are available. That is, the supply amount G ij of the operating adjustable power supply i is constrained to be greater than or equal to the minimum output MinGen i and less than or equal to the maximum output MaxGen i . The supply amount G ij of the adjustable power supply i in the stopped state is constrained to be zero. In the example of FIG. 31, the power supply operating states at timesteps d, d + 1, d + 12 are stopped, and the supply amount is zero. Between timesteps d + 2 and d + 11, the power supply operating state is operating, and the supply amount is constrained to be 50 or more and 100 or less. Note that for power supplies dedicated to power generation such as power generation facilities, the minimum output MinGen i and the maximum output MaxGen i are predetermined positive values. For an adjustable power supply i having a power storage capacity together with a discharge capacity, the minimum output MinGen i can be a negative value.

[0138] The seventh constraint condition is the constraint on the number of startups within the prediction period. As parameters of the seventh constraint condition, the startup constraint count StartCountLimit i and the stop constraint count StopCountLimit i for each adjustable power supply i are available. The startup constraint count StartCountLimit i is the maximum value of the allowable number of startups in the prediction period. The stop constraint count StopCountLimit iis the maximum number of allowable stops during the prediction period. In the example of Figure 32, the start constraint count and the stop constraint count are each restricted to 3 times. During the prediction period from frame d to frame d + 12, the number of start processes reaches the start constraint count of 3 times exactly, and the number of stop processes is 2 times, which is less than the stop constraint count. Therefore, the start process Ostart ij , the stop process Ostop ij is constrained as shown in equations (11) and (12) respectively.

[0139]

Number

[0140]

Number

[0141] The eighth constraint condition is the output change rate limit per unit time. The output change rate limit is also called the load change rate limit. As parameters of the eighth constraint condition, the output increase rate limit RateLimitUpper i and the output decrease rate limit RateLimitLower i exist. According to the eighth constraint condition, as exemplified in equation (13), the increase amount of the supply quantity between adjacent frames is restricted to be less than or equal to the output increase rate limit RateLimitUpper i . In the example of Figure 33, the increase amount of the supply quantity from frame d to frame d + 3 is adjusted to be 10 or less per frame. However, the output increase rate limit may not be considered during startup. Also, as exemplified in equation (14), the decrease amount of the supply quantity between adjacent frames is restricted to be less than or equal to the output increase rate limit RateLimitLower. In the example of Figure 33, the decrease amount of the supply quantity from frame d + 8 to frame d + 10 is adjusted to be 10 or less per frame. However, the output decrease rate limit may not be considered during shutdown.

[0142]

Number

[0143]

Number

[0144] The 9th constraint condition is the planned stop of the power supply. As a parameter of the 9th constraint condition, there is a stop flag Outage ij There is. The stop flag Outage ij indicates zero for forced stop required and 1 for not forced stop. That is, the operating state o ij of each frame j of power supply i is restricted as exemplified in Equation (15). In the example of Figure 34, for frames d, d + 11, d + 12, the value of the stop flag is set to 0. In these frames, the operating state is restricted to stop. The value of the stop flag is set to 1 from frame d + 2 to d + 11. In these frames, the operating state is not restricted to stop and may be in operation.

[0145]

Number

[0146] The above 1st constraint condition acts to ensure the CFE power in the entire power supply system PS. However, when the supply amount of CFE power is small depending on the operating environment of the power supply, there may be no solution that satisfies the 1st constraint condition. Therefore, in this embodiment, the 10th constraint condition may be used instead of the 1st constraint condition. The 10th constraint condition is that the supply amount of CFE power satisfies the sum of the predicted demand amounts for each demand unit of 64. The 10th constraint condition is formulated, for example, as in Equation (16). Equation (16) means that the supply amount of CFE power including the solar power generation amount at each frame j is the sum of the demand amounts PointDemand jThis indicates the above. In the example of FIG. 35, the sum of the CFE power supply amount shown in the third row and the solar power generation amount shown in the fourth row exceeds the total demand PointDemand for each demand unit 64 shown in the second row. Generally, considering that the total demand for each demand unit 64 is less than the total demand of the power supply system PS, according to the tenth constraint condition, the demand for CFE power in the demand unit 64 can be more reliably satisfied than the first constraint condition.

[0147] [Number]

[0148] In the above description, the case where the power supply cost is based on the cost required for power supply is mainly considered, but it is not limited to this. The power supply cost may include, as elements, the amount of environmental load generated by power supply (for example, the amount of heat generated during power generation and power transmission), the labor required for the maintenance and maintenance of power generation and power transmission facilities, and the like. In the above description, the case where the environmental load related to power supply is CO2 emissions is mainly considered, but it is not limited to this. The above embodiments may be applied to the emissions of greenhouse gases other than CO2. Greenhouse gases other than CO2 include, for example, methane CH4, nitrogen oxides NO x , chlorofluorocarbons, and the like. Further, the above embodiments may be applied to cases where the environmental load is an artificial treatment, for example, in addition to the combustion of fossil fuels, the combustion of hydrogen, nuclear reactions, and the like. In that case, instead of CFE, the natural energy rate can be used as the ratio of low environmental load power.

[0149] Note that the demand prediction unit 22, the target setting unit 32, the supply control unit 34, the supply information management unit 36 or the information providing unit 36a, and the information collection unit 36b, and the authentication system 72 according to the above embodiments may each be configured as an independent electronic device, or may be realized as an electronic device configured for each part or all of them. For example, the power supply management system 30 may be configured as a power supply management device having a target setting unit 32, a supply control unit 34, and a supply information management unit 36, or may have a configuration including a supply control device having the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34. Further, the device including the target setting unit 32 may further include a demand prediction unit 22. The power supply management system 30 may be configured as a CEMS (Community Energy Management System). The terminal device 14 may include one or both of the measurement unit 12 and the demand prediction unit 22. The terminal device 14 including the measurement unit 12 may be configured as a MEMS (Mansion Energy Management System), a BEMS (Building Energy Management System), or the like.

[0150] The above terminal device 14 and other electronic devices may each include a general-purpose computer system. FIG. 36 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration example of a computer system 170 according to an embodiment of the present application. The computer system 170 includes, for example, a processor 172, an input device 178, an output device 180, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 182, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 184, an auxiliary storage unit 186, and an interface unit 188. The processor 172, the input device 178, the output device 180, the ROM 182, the RAM 184, the auxiliary storage unit 186, and the interface unit 188 are interconnected using a bus BS.

[0151] Processor 172 reads, for example, programs and various data stored in ROM 182, executes the programs, and controls the operation of computer system 170. In this application, "executing a program" or "execution of a program" includes the meaning of executing the processing instructed by the instructions described in the program. Processor 172 is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The number of processors 172 may be plural. The plural processors 172 may include, in addition to the CPU, a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit).

[0152] Input device 178 receives the user's operation, inputs operation information corresponding to the received operation, and outputs operation data to processor 172. The operation input unit 148 of terminal device 14 corresponds to input device 178. Output device 180 outputs the output data input from processor 172 to various devices serving as output destinations. The display unit 146 of terminal device 14 corresponds to the output device.

[0153] ROM 182 stores, for example, programs for processor 172 to execute. RAM 184 is used, for example, as a main storage medium that functions as a work area for temporarily storing various data and programs used by processor 172. Auxiliary storage unit 186 is a storage medium such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or a flash memory. The storage unit 144 of terminal device 14 includes auxiliary storage unit 186.

[0154] Interface unit 188 connects to other devices and enables input and output of various data wirelessly or by wire. Interface unit 188 includes, for example, a communication module that connects to a network wirelessly or by wire. The input / output unit 150 of terminal device 14 corresponds to interface unit 188.

[0155] As described above, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the above-described configurations, and also includes designs and the like within the scope not departing from the gist of the present embodiment. The above-described configurations can be arbitrarily combined, and a part thereof may be omitted.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0156] PS... Power supply system, 12... Measurement unit, 12a... Power meter, 12b... Smart plug, 12c... Clamp meter, 14, 14v, 14c... Terminal device, 22... Demand prediction unit, 30... Power supply management system, 32... Target setting unit, 34... Supply control unit, 36... Supply information management unit, 36a... Information providing unit, 36b... Information collection unit, 40... Power system, 40-1 to 40-3... Power source, 50... Transmission and distribution system, 62... Branch point, 62a... Distribution board, 64, 64c, 64v... Demand unit, 142... Control unit, 142a... Setting processing unit, 142b... Output processing unit, 144... Storage unit, 146, 146b... Display unit, 148... Operation input unit, 150... Input / output unit, 170... Computer system, 172... Processor, 178... Input device, 180... Output device, 182... ROM, 184... RAM, 186... Auxiliary storage unit, 188... Interface unit

Claims

1. A plurality of demand units to which power is distributed from a power supply point to which power is supplied from a distribution facility; A plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable; a demand forecasting unit that forecasts a forecast demand amount, which is a forecast value of power consumption of the demand unit at a forecast time after the current time, using a demand forecasting model based on the power usage status for each demand unit; a target setting unit that sets a target total supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of the amounts of power supply from the plurality of power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is a target value of the amount of low environmental load power supply, so as to satisfy the predicted demand in which a ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate for each unit of demand; a supply control unit that controls the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources so as to satisfy the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount at the predicted time, The variable power source includes at least one power source having low environmental impact; The demand unit includes at least one charging device; The power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the charged device. Power supply system.

2. and an information providing unit that provides guidance information indicating the location of a demand unit having the charging device to other devices via a network. The power supply system according to claim 1 .

3. The information providing unit is and providing, via a network, another device with authentication information indicating that the ratio of low environmental load power to the power supplied to the charging device satisfies the target ratio. The power supply system according to claim 2 .

4. The information providing unit determines that a ratio of low environmental load power to be supplied from the charging device satisfies the target ratio when an amount of low environmental load power supplied from the plurality of power sources becomes equal to or greater than the target amount of low environmental load power supply. The power supply system according to claim 2 .

5. The adjustable power supply comprises: At least one rechargeable and dischargeable storage battery; The supply control unit is The charge amount or discharge amount is determined as the amount of power supplied from the storage battery. The power supply system according to claim 1 .

6. The goal setting unit, so that the ratio of low environmental load electricity to the electricity charged to the storage battery is equal to or greater than the target ratio, Determine the amount of power supplied by each of the adjustable power sources The power supply system according to claim 5 .

7. A plurality of demand units to which power is distributed from a power supply point to which power is supplied from a distribution facility; A power supply method in a power supply system including a plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable, comprising: a demand forecasting step in which a demand forecasting unit forecasts a forecast demand amount, which is a forecast value of power consumption of the demand unit at a forecast time later than the present time, using a demand forecasting model based on the power usage status of each demand unit; a target setting step in which a target setting unit sets a target total supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of the amounts of power supply from the plurality of power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is a target value of the amount of low environmental load power supply, so as to satisfy the predicted demand in which a ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate for each unit of demand; a supply control step of controlling the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources so that the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount are satisfied at the predicted time; The variable power source includes at least one power source having low environmental impact; The demand unit includes at least one charging device; The power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the charged device. Power supply method.

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