Earthquake proof nuclear reactor facility

Abstract

To construct a nuclear reactor which refers to nuclear power generation using surface-derived energy that is regarded as clean and safe although its output density is low; which is a flat nuclear reactor following the surface-derived energy principle, accepting low output density; which ensures high safety; which has low production cost due to its simple structure; which reflects the low production cost in the power generation cost, resulting in lower electricity charges; and which achieves both high safety and low electricity charges.SOLUTION: In the current reactor support structure, soft ground is excavated, and the support structure is fixed to bedrock. A flat and lightweight nuclear reactor is supported by improved ground. The weight reduction is achieved by lowering the output density. Flat and lightweight nuclear reactors are laid across the entire site of the current nuclear power plant.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a nuclear reactor with high durability against natural disasters and low power generation costs.

Background Art

[0002] The development of small nuclear reactors, which are said to have high inherent safety, is progressing. Patent Document 1 is an example of an inherently safe nuclear reactor.

Patent Document 1

Disclosure of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] Surface-derived energy generation (solar power generation and wind power generation) is considered to be clean and highly safe. On the other hand, it is viewed with suspicion from the perspective of economy. Figure 1 is a comparison of the power generation capacity per unit area of solar power generation, wind power generation, and nuclear power generation. The site area of the Fukushima Daiichi site is 3.6 million square meters, and the total electrical capacity of the power generation terminals at this site was 4696 Mwe with 6 units. The power generation capacity per unit area of nuclear power generation is overwhelmingly large. Therefore, it is considered that nuclear power generation is advantageous in terms of power generation cost. If 46,960 nuclear reactors with a power generation terminal electrical capacity of 0.01 million kwe per unit (8.534 m on each side, 30 cm in height, and a heat output density of 0.0159 kw / l) are installed on the entire site of the Fukushima Daiichi site, the total electrical capacity of the Fukushima Daiichi site will be 696 Mwe. Since the output density is as low as 0.0159 kw / l, it is considered to be highly safe. It can generate electricity regardless of weather or day and night, and thus has a high operating rate. Therefore, it is considered that the power generation cost is low. It is not about building a nuclear power plant at the Fukushima Daiichi site. Originally, the area was considered a problem as it was not suitable for agriculture, fishing, or industry. There were rumors that the nuclear power plant was attracted at the request of the local people. No matter what kind of support for Fukushima Prefecture comes up, the local residents may not oppose the generation of surface-derived energy such as solar power and wind power at the Fukushima Daiichi site, but in terms of money, the benefits are not as great as those of nuclear power generation because the power generation operation rate is low. Nuclear power generation can cause great damage if an accident occurs. It is considered that the safety of power generation, including nuclear reactors, is higher when the output scale is smaller. In particular, power generation facilities are desirable such that the nuclear reactor does not tip over or incline greatly even on soft ground. Even so, it is desired that the nuclear reactor does not run out of control. There is sufficient room to increase safety by reducing the power generation capacity per unit area of nuclear power generation. Cost reduction requires a simple structure that can reduce manufacturing costs. Even if the jumbo jet crashes directly, the nuclear reactor in that part will sink deep underground.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0004] Means 1 is a seismic-resistant nuclear reactor facility. The seismic-resistant nuclear reactor facility is a flat-type nuclear reactor seismically reinforced by support columns and columnar improved ground. The flat-type nuclear reactor comprises a reactor vessel (1000) formed by sealing a heavy rare gas coolant (220) in a stainless steel container in which a large number of flat nuclear fuel bodies (100) are arranged in a square lattice. The flat nuclear fuel body (100) is formed by incorporating a Pu-U mixed metal (111) in a flat rectangular parallelepiped container (101) made of stainless steel. The bottom surface of the reactor vessel (1000) is laid on the surface of the columnar improved ground. The columnar improved ground is formed by strengthening the ground surface with a cement-solidified ground (1200) and supporting the cement-solidified ground (1200) with short small-diameter steel pipe piles (1210) buried underground. Four or more support columns (1300) are laid on the outer periphery of the reactor vessel (1000). The cable (1400) stretched from the above support column (1300) is connected to the suspension rings (1100) fixed to the upper parts of the four corners of the above reactor vessel (1000). Each support column (1300) is driven into and supported by hard ground deep underground with small-diameter steel pipe piles (1310), which is a seismic-resistant nuclear reactor facility characterized by this.

[0005] Heavy noble gases are noble gases excluding helium. There are xenon, argon, krypton, and xenon. They have a lower neutron moderation effect compared to helium (Patent Document 2). Since noble gases hardly become radioactive, there is no problem even if they leak to the outside. There are, for example, Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4 for flat nuclear reactors. Since the structure is simple, reduction of manufacturing and construction costs can be expected.

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

[0006] There are many mountains in the Japanese archipelago. The few flatlands are thick soft ground composed of volcanic ash, humus, and moisture. Existing nuclear reactors are laid after cutting through the thick soft ground down to the bedrock. This is costly. Lands with thin topsoil are scarce. Even if the ground is weak, buildings have to be built. Ground improvement work has to be carried out to safely support the buildings. The work to put the ground on which the building is based in an appropriate state is ground improvement work. The main types of ground improvement work include the surface improvement method, the columnar improvement method, and the small-diameter steel pipe pile method. The method is determined based on a preliminary ground investigation. In addition, if the surplus soil is embanked near the land boundary, the transportation cost will be reduced. The surface improvement method is to mix a cement-based solidifying agent into earth, sand, and small stones and compact them. It is a ground improvement work for solidifying the periphery of the ground surface. It is applied when the soft part is about 2 m from the ground surface and the groundwater level is 2 m or less. The columnar improvement method is a ground improvement construction method in which holes are drilled in the ground, a cement-based solidifying agent is mixed with earth, sand, and small stones, and the mixture is compacted, and the ground is strengthened by piles up to 2 to 8 m underground. The small-diameter steel pipe pile method is a ground improvement construction method in which holes are drilled in the ground, a cement-based solidifying agent is mixed with earth, sand, and small stones, and the mixture is compacted, and if there is a relatively hard ground at about 30 m underground, small-diameter steel pipe piles are driven to strengthen the ground.

Effects of the Invention

[0007] If a thermoelectric semiconductor element is attached to the inner or outer surface of the weather-resistant dome (200), electric power can be obtained. Since dynamic equipment such as turbines and generators is not required, the management and maintenance costs are suppressed. Therefore, the electricity bill is reduced. Monitoring is done by drones, and for repairs, if the drones are transported to the factory, no personnel are required at the power plant. This is suitable for the upcoming aging society with a low birthrate. Even when viewed around a huge earthquake, it will not turn over and has high safety. The output density can be kept low, so the radioactivity released during an accident is small, and the risk to the surrounding residents is small.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0008] A nuclear power plant with a simple structure, reduced construction cost, and high safety performance can be provided.

Example 1

[0009] Example 1 is a seismic-resistant nuclear reactor facility. Figure 2 is an overview of the seismic-resistant nuclear reactor facility. The bottom surface of the reactor vessel (1000) is laid on the surface of the columnar improved ground. The columnar improved ground strengthens the ground surface with a cement-solidified ground (1200), and the cement-solidified ground (1200) is supported by short small-diameter steel pipe piles (1210) buried in the ground. If cement milk is injected into the soft ground, it will become a hard ground. The liquefaction phenomenon is less likely to occur. Four or more support columns (1300) are laid on the outer periphery of the reactor vessel (1000), and cables (1400) stretched from the support columns (1300) are connected to suspension rings (1100) fixed to the upper parts of the four corners of the reactor vessel (1000). Even if the ground on the opposite side of the non-sunken support column (1300) subsides, it is supported by the cement-solidified ground (1200) on the side of the non-sunken support column (1300). Even if the cement-solidified ground (1200) completely subsides, the reactor vessel (1000) will also subside flatly together. It will not overturn. Even if the noble gas is lost, the surrounding air will act as a coolant. If the output density is low, there will be sufficient time until meltdown. Since it is not water-cooled, steam explosions or hydrogen explosions (even if there are any, without a platinum catalyst, a violent explosion cannot occur. Although there is a trace amount in the fission products, the contact with hydrogen is prevented by a large amount of uranium) will not occur. Even if the nuclear fuel melts, it will spread flatly around, but since the original amount is small, it will not flow out to the surroundings. Finally, it will sink into the ground by its own weight and solidify. The gaseous fission products are negligible if the output density is low. The support columns (1300) can be shared by adjacent reactor vessels (1000).

[0010] Figure 3 is a detailed view of the reactor vessel (1000) in Figure 2. The reactor vessel (1000) is formed by sealing a noble gas coolant (220) in a stainless steel container in which a large number of flat nuclear fuel bodies (100) are arranged in a square lattice. The flat nuclear fuel body (100) is formed by incorporating a Pu-U mixed metal (111) in a stainless steel flat rectangular parallelepiped container (101). A bottom neutron reflector (221) is fixed to the bottom surface of the flat rectangular parallelepiped container (101), and a side neutron reflector (222) is fixed to the outer side surface of the flat rectangular parallelepiped container (101) to be arranged on the outer periphery. Neutron leakage to the outside is reduced. A noble gas coolant (220) with a low neutron moderation effect flows through the reactor vessel (1000). The reactor vessel (1000) and the control board (300) are stored in a weather-resistant dome (200) that can withstand wind and rain. A sealed cylinder (112) with an open bottom and a closed top is laid on top of the flat nuclear fuel body (100). It stores the amount by which the Pu-U mixed metal (111) expands. A coolant insertion pipe is connected to the reactor vessel (1000), and a heavy rare gas coolant (220) flows into the reactor vessel (1000). If the plutonium temperature rises due to a decrease in the coolant flow rate, the plutonium density decreases and the nuclear reaction decreases, causing the temperature to drop. Since it has negative feedback, stable operation is possible.

[0011] Gas turbine power generation becomes possible at a reactor vessel (1000) inlet temperature of around 185 °C and an outlet temperature of around 315 °C. In the past, due to the severe liquefaction phenomenon, it was built on worthless land where people did not want to live. So, even if a meltdown were to occur, it would be buried in the mixed ground composed of Japan's thick volcanic ash, humus, and moisture, and naturally stored underground. Even if a major earthquake occurs like in a desert, there will be no human casualties if no one lives there. Once it has cooled down, it can be dug out and easily reprocessed into nuclear fuel. The heavy rare gas coolant (220) flowing along the bottom surface of the neutron reflector (221) on the top and bottom surfaces of the flat nuclear fuel body (100) receives heat from the flat nuclear fuel body (100). The coolant that has been heated to a high temperature passes through the coolant discharge pipe connected to the reactor vessel (1000), penetrates the weather-resistant dome (200), and reaches the power generation device installed outside. The coolant that has completed its work in the power generation device and has become low-temperature enters the reactor vessel (1000) from the coolant insertion pipe through the radiation shielding dome (200).

[0012] Use as a construction site a soft ground with an altitude of 20 m or more on the land side at least 100 m from the coast or land that is too hard for agriculture. Among them, terrains that have never been passed by pyroclastic flows and will not be passed in the future, such as valley bottoms (even if hidden), the central parts of plateaus, and abandoned industrial parks, are also candidates. Since it is a gas-cooled reactor and a gas turbine power generation device, cooling water is not required, and since it is insensitive to weather, it does not depend on natural disasters (floods, typhoons, volcanoes, tsunamis, storms, heavy rain, drought).

Industrial Applicability

[0013] Recently, it has been said that the way of thinking of the general public has changed. It is said that "quality" is emphasized more than quantity. However, it seems that while not being "impoverished", having sufficient quantity is taken for granted, and on top of that, "quality" is also being demanded. If that's the case, then energy is required to be clean and abundant. It seems that the nuclear reactor of the present invention can supply a large amount of clean and safe energy. In present-day Japan, there is land that is difficult to sell, with an area remaining that is approximately the size of the Kyushu area plus the Shikoku area. There is land with a negative value in terms of fixed-asset tax. Among such land, there is state-owned land (for example, land planned for industrial parks), and if the nuclear reactor of the present invention is built here, at least the value equivalent to the fixed-asset tax will emerge. However, if it is to be located on private land, there will be old-fashioned demands and reluctance to sell when looking at the situation. If it is far from the coast, no tsunami countermeasures or typhoon countermeasures are required. If it is far from a volcano, no pyroclastic flow countermeasures are required. In the case of gas turbine power generation, in principle, no water rights countermeasures, drought countermeasures, or flood countermeasures are required. The cost of laying ECCS can be significantly reduced. In a shrinking population society, the number of households in remote areas should decrease. People will not live there if infrastructure such as roads and sewage systems are not laid or repaired. Impose fixed-asset tax on the construction site and the adjacent surrounding area at about 100 times that of the remote surrounding area. These days, not only the Liberal Democratic Party but also other parties are just scattering and not doing anything productive. They should start making money. Otherwise, there will be no chance for the opposition parties. It seems good for the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Construction, and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to invest in this invention, the modernization of the agricultural and aquatic product business, and exports. If they impose fixed-asset taxes on idle land like in Kyushu, they can export the humus there or sell long-term land lease rights abroad. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare are investing pensions in stocks and investment trusts and making a certain amount of profit. Even if there are big losses, Mr. Shibusawa will come out. They are the backbone with infinite money and are hard to lose. Even if there is a huge deficit, it's okay to pay it back even a thousand years later. Just like in the Edo period, they can do a debt write-off order like a Tokugawa decree. Since it's not a tax increase, no one will complain. Even Argentina has defaulted six times. The current Argentine currency is soaring. The United States is continuously printing the world currency dollar under the guise of procedures such as civil servant salaries and issuing resident cards, and is creating a sky-high budget. While pretending to seriously emphasize the pretense of budget restraint, they are actually scattering their true intentions without anyone noticing. Each political party can distribute some things like Aobata Net, Unified Creation Game App, Gozan Net, etc. for a fee. Referring to previous examples, there will be profits. Each representative can just issue their own opinions in a Kindle version. If there are too many calves, there is also supply adjustment by making them into meat or leather products. This is a showcase of the ability of the relevant ministers. Let the private sector work. As long as the bureaucrats are loyal to the law, they don't need to be under the ministers' control.

Brief Explanation of Drawings

[0014]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Explanation of Symbols

[0015] 100 is the flat nuclear fuel body 101 is the flat rectangular parallelepiped container 111 is the Pu-U mixed metal 112 is the sealed cylinder 200 is a weather-resistant dome 220 is a heavy rare gas coolant 221 is a bottom neutron reflector 222 is a side neutron reflector 300 is a control plate 1000 is a reactor vessel 1100 is a suspension ring 1200 is a cement-solidified ground 1210 is a short small-diameter steel pipe pile 1300 is a support column 1310 is a small-diameter steel pipe pile 1350 is a support column ring 1400 is a cable

Claims

【Claim 1】 The seismic-resistant nuclear reactor facility is a flat-type nuclear reactor seismically reinforced by support columns and columnar improved ground, The flat-type nuclear reactor comprises a reactor vessel (1000) formed by sealing a heavy rare gas coolant (220) in a stainless steel container in which a plurality of flat nuclear fuel bodies (100) are arranged in a square lattice, The flat nuclear fuel body (100) is formed by incorporating a Pu-U mixed metal (111) in a flat rectangular parallelepiped container (101) made of stainless steel, The bottom surface of the reactor vessel (1000) is laid on the surface of the columnar improved ground, The columnar improved ground is formed by strengthening the ground surface with a cement-solidified ground (1200) and supporting the cement-solidified ground (1200) with short small-diameter steel pipe piles (1210) buried in the ground, Four or more support columns (1300) are laid on the outer periphery of the reactor vessel (1000), A cable (1400) stretched from the support column (1300) is connected to a suspension ring (1100) fixed to the upper parts of the four corners of the reactor vessel (1000), Each support column (1300) is driven and supported in a hard ground deep underground by a small-diameter steel pipe pile (1310). The seismic-resistant nuclear reactor facility is characterized by this.

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