Integrated sampling and separating device and method for detecting microplastics in water

Abstract

To provide an integrated sampling and separating device and method for detecting microplastics in water, which improve collection efficiency and quantity of microplastics.SOLUTION: An integrated sampling and separating device for detecting microplastics in water is provided, the device comprising a frame body, a holder, a first box, and a buoyancy assembly. The frame body rotates to periodically discharge intercepted microplastics into the first box, thereby enabling continuous transfer of intercepted microplastics into the first box.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sampling devices for microplastics, and specifically to an integrated sampling and separation device and method for detecting microplastics in water.

Background Art

[0002] Microplastics refer to plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 millimeters and are one of the main carriers causing pollution. In fact, microplastics are a mixture of non-uniform plastic particles with particle sizes ranging from several microns to several millimeters and having various shapes, which are often difficult to distinguish with the naked eye and are called "PM2.5 in the sea". The detection of microplastics in water is particularly important for environmental pollution analysis. However, the current collection and separation of microplastics have problems such as high collection difficulty and easy clogging of filters. Therefore, a device that can be used for continuous collection and separation of microplastics in water is needed.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated sampling and separation device and method for detecting microplastics in water.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows. An integrated sampling and separation device for detecting microplastics in water, comprising a frame for mounting a filter mesh, a holder for arranging the frame, and microplastics ​​​​​​​​A first box for collecting, and a buoyancy assembly for supplying buoyancy to the holder including There is a through hole rotatably disposed in the frame within the holder, and on the rear side of the frame of the holder a first carrier plate located, and a second carrier plate located on the front side of the frame are further provided, a first shaft is provided at the center of the frame, and one end of the first shaft is rotatably connected to the first carrier plate, and the first box is fixed to the bottom surface of the second carrier plate , There is a first gap between the first carrier plate and the frame, and between the second carrier plate and the frame there is a second gap, and in the first gap, a tank for transferring microplastics is provided, and inside each of the holders corresponding to both sides of the tank, microplastics there is a first pipe for transferring, and one end of the first pipe is joined to the tank and the other end is joined to a second pipe embedded in the second carrier plate, and the second pipe communicates with the first box , In the second gap, two second shafts are provided, and a first bevel gear is sleeved on the first shaft located in the second gap , the two second shafts are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first shaft, and either of the two second shafts is provided with a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear at one end, and the other end passes through the holder and is connected to a power member in the buoyancy assembly, and a first waterwheel is fixedly sleeved on the second shaft located in the first pipe On the second carrier plate, a first plate body for backwashing the filter screen and a second box for storing water are provided , a plurality of first nozzles are provided on one side surface of the first plate body, and a plurality of second nozzles are provided on the inner wall of the through hole located above the tank , and the second box communicates with each first nozzle and second nozzle through a pipe . According to one aspect of the present invention, the other end of the first shaft is provided within the second carrier plate extends into the first chute and is covered with a drive assembly, the drive assembly including a cylinder fixed and covered on the first shaft, and a second plate body slidably connected to the first chute and having an arcuate cross section is provided with a corrugated annular groove on the side surface of the cylinder, a first rod slidably connected to the annular groove is provided on the inner side surface of the second plate body, a second chute distributed along the moving direction of the second plate body is provided on the bottom surface of the first chute, a third plate body for pressing microplastics is slidably and hermetically provided within the first box, the outer side surface of the second plate body penetrates the second chute with a fixed block and is fixedly connected to the third plate body, a first opening for draining water is provided on the side wall of the first box, a one-way valve is provided in the first opening, an airbag is further provided on the bottom surface of the first chute, one end of the airbag is connected to the second plate body and the other end is connected to the first chute, and a pipe communicating with the top of the second box is provided in the airbag. Description: Due to the mechanical structure of the drive assembly, the rotational position energy of the first shaft is fully utilized, and the rotational position energy of the first shaft is converted into kinetic energy for reciprocally driving the second plate body, so that by providing the drive assembly, a power supply for reciprocally driving the third plate body within the first box becomes unnecessary. In this way, while endowing the first box with the function of compressing microplastics to discharge excess moisture, the power consumption of the integrated sampling and separation device of the present invention is reduced as much as possible, and the versatility of the integrated sampling and separation device is enhanced. separation device is enhanced. plastic to discharge excess moisture, the power consumption of the integrated sampling and separation device of the present invention is reduced as much as possible, and the versatility of the integrated sampling separation device is enhanced. separation device is enhanced. According to one aspect of the present invention, a stopper is provided on the first carrier plate, and the frame is circular , a plurality of spokes are arranged inside the frame, the inside of the frame is divided into a plurality of fan-shaped regions, and a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided in each of the fan-shaped regions. A magnetic stripe is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank to the tank by magnetic attraction is provided on the stopper. A magnet for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank to the tank by magnetic attraction is provided on the stopper. A magnet for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank to the tank by magnetic attraction is provided on the stopper. At least one fourth plate body is vertically provided on one side surface of the sub-filter screen, and at least one second rod for connecting adjacent spokes is provided in each of the fan-shaped regions. At least one second rod for connecting adjacent spokes is provided in each of the fan-shaped regions. The center of the fourth plate body has a third chute slidably connected to the second rod, and a spring is provided between the fourth plate body and the second rod. A spring is provided between the fourth plate body and the second rod. A plurality of protrusions are provided on both side surfaces of the fourth plate body, and a third rod for hitting the fourth plate body in cooperation with the protrusions is provided on the second rod corresponding to the position of the protrusions. The third rod and the second rod A third rod for hitting the fourth plate body in cooperation with the protrusions is provided on the second rod corresponding to the position of the protrusions. The third rod and the second rod are rotatably connected via a torsion spring. Explanation: The modular design of the frame effectively avoids the frame from rubbing against the tank when the frame rotates, and eliminates the influence on the transfer and transportation of microplastics collected on the filter screen. Eliminates the influence on the transfer and transportation of microplastics collected on the filter screen. Due to the magnetic attraction of the magnet and the magnetic stripe, the filter screen approaches the magnet moving to the magnet region. In the configuration of the third rod and the fourth plate body of the present invention, through the relative offset between the fourth plate body and the third rod, the protrusions and the torsion spring are used to repeatedly hit the third rod, Through the relative offset between the fourth plate body and the third rod, the protrusions and the torsion spring are used to repeatedly hit the third rod, so that the backwashing efficiency for the microplastics collected on the filter screen can be improved. so that the backwashing efficiency for the microplastics collected on the filter screen can be improved. As a form of the buoyancy assembly of the present invention, the buoyancy assembly includes a holder, a first carrier plate - A buoyancy ring wrapped on the second carrier plate, and the power member is the buoyancy ring in which a motor is fitted. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the second shaft, and a pump and a pipe for supplying water into the second box are provided in the second box. Explanation: By using the buoyancy ring as the buoyancy assembly, it can meet the required buoyancy of the holder and reduce the manufacturing cost. However, due to the use of motors and pumps, there are certain requirements for the use environment and power supply. As another form of the buoyancy assembly of the present invention, the buoyancy assembly includes two sets of first buoyancy plates and second buoyancy plates symmetrically provided on both sides of the first shaft. Both the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate have cavities inside. The power member includes two second water wheels provided between each set of the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate. Two second water wheels are provided. They are rotatably provided between a corresponding set of the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate via the third shaft. The upper end of the third shaft extends into the cavity of the first buoyancy plate and is connected to a impeller. The lower end of the third shaft extends into the cavity of the second buoyancy plate and is connected to a cam. A third bevel gear meshing with the impeller is provided on the second shaft. A liquid bag is provided on one side inside the cavity of the second buoyancy plate. The liquid bag has at least one second opening for water supply and one third opening for drainage. The third opening communicates with the second box via a pipe and uses the rotation of the cam to push the liquid bag to supply water to the second box. One-way valves are provided in both the second opening and the third opening. The second buoyancy plate has a plurality of fourth openings for water supply. Description: By using the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate as the buoyancy assembly, the buoyancy required for the holder is satisfied, and also, by the cooperation of the second buoyancy plate and the first buoyancy plate, the stability of the holder when floating in the river is greatly improved. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. According to one aspect of the present invention, above the first buoyancy plate, a third buoyancy plate is provided, and above the impeller, a disk for reducing the rotation speed of the impeller due to frictional resistance is provided. The disk is connected to the third buoyancy plate by a spring rod passing through the first buoyancy plate. For each blade of the second waterwheel, at least one blade for imparting buoyancy to the second waterwheel by the action of the water flow is provided. The blade is in a long shape, and one end facing the water flow direction is higher than the other end. Description: In addition to the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate, by adding a third buoyancy plate to the first buoyancy plate, through the actions of the third buoyancy plate and the disk, it is possible to monitor whether the third buoyancy plate is submerged at the current water level of the river. Due to the action of water pressure, when the third buoyancy plate is submerged at the water level of the river and water pressure acts on the third buoyancy plate, the balance of the support to the spring rod is disrupted, the disk contacts the impeller, reducing the rotation speed of the impeller, and combined with the provision of the blades, the second water Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. According to one aspect of the present invention, above the first buoyancy plate, a third buoyancy plate is provided, and above the impeller, a disk for reducing the rotation speed of the impeller due to frictional resistance is provided. The disk is connected to the third buoyancy plate by a spring rod passing through the first buoyancy plate. For each blade of the second waterwheel, at least one blade for imparting buoyancy to the second waterwheel by the action of the water flow is provided. The blade is in a long shape, and one end facing the water flow direction is higher than the other end. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Description: By using the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate as the buoyancy assembly, the buoyancy required for the holder is satisfied, and also, by the cooperation of the second buoyancy plate and the first buoyancy plate, the stability of the holder when floating in the river is greatly improved. Description: In addition to the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate, by adding a third buoyancy plate to the first buoyancy plate, through the actions of the third buoyancy plate and the disk, it is possible to monitor whether the third buoyancy plate is submerged at the current water level of the river. Due to the action of water pressure, when the third buoyancy plate is submerged at the water level of the river and water pressure acts on the third buoyancy plate, the balance of the support to the spring rod is disrupted, the disk contacts the impeller, reducing the rotation speed of the impeller, and combined with the provision of the blades, the second water Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. Moreover, by providing the impeller on the first buoyancy plate, the driving force for the rotation of the second shaft can be provided, and a motor for driving the rotation of the second shaft becomes unnecessary. By the cam of the second buoyancy plate periodically pressing the liquid bag to supply water to the second box, a pump for the second box becomes unnecessary. In this way, it meets the needs of using the integrated sampling separation device and can omit the motor and the pump, thereby eliminating the limitation by the power supply conditions and becoming applicable to various environments. After the vehicle reduces the rotational speed, the buoyancy that the blades can supply due to the action of the water flow increases, and the integrated sun The sampling separation device floats, thereby improving the stability during use. The present invention also relates to a sampling separation method for detecting underwater microplastics by an integrated sampling separation device, which is Step S1 of putting the integrated sampling separation device into the river so that the surface on one side of the first carrier plate faces the river flow direction, floating the holder in the river by the buoyancy assembly, and fixing the integrated sampling separation device to the river using a rope; Step S2 of rotationally driving the first shaft by two second shafts to rotate the frame body, collecting and collecting microplastics with a sub-filter net located below the tank, backwashing the sub-filter net located above the tank with the first plate body to drop the microplastics into the tank, and then putting them into the first box in the order of the first pipe and the second pipe to achieve the sampling separation and collection of microplastics. Including. Explanation: According to the sampling separation process of underwater microplastics by the integrated sampling separation device, the collected microplastics can be continuously transferred to the first box, which not only improves the sampling efficiency and sampling volume of microplastics, but also reduces the difficulty of the operator's work.

Advantages of the Invention

[0005] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows. (1) In the integrated sampling separation device according to the present invention, by designing the frame body to be rotatable, the collected microplastics can be periodically conveyed to the first box, Thereby, it is possible to reduce the risk of clogging of the filter screen due to the accumulation of a large amount of microplastics, avoid not only the increase in water resistance caused by the accumulation of a large amount of microplastics, but also significantly improve the collection and separation efficiency of microplastics, markedly increase the collection amount of microplastics in water, and sufficiently provide experimental samples for subsequent research and analysis. (2) In the integrated sampling and separation device according to the present invention, mainly two floating forms are proposed, which can be selected according to the actual use conditions and requirements. When the first buoyancy plate and the second buoyancy plate are used as the buoyancy assembly, it can not only meet the buoyancy required for the holder, improve the stability when the holder floats in the river, but also omit the motor and pump, so that the integrated sampling and separation device can be applied to various environments. (3) The present invention also provides a sampling and separation method using the integrated sampling and separation device, which can continuously transfer the collected microplastics to the first box, not only improve the collection efficiency and collection amount of microplastics, but also reduce the difficulty of the operator's work.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006]

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[0007] [Explanation of reference signs] 1 Frame body 11 First shaft 12 First bevel gear 13 Spoke 14 Magnetic stripe 15 Fourth plate body 16. Second Rod 17. Third Shooter 18. Protrusion 19. Third Rod 2. Holder 21. Through-Hole 22. First Carrier Plate 23. Second Carrier Plate 231. First Shooter 232. Cylindrical Body 233. Second Plate Body 234. Annular Groove 235. First Rod 236. Airbag 237. Second Shooter 24. Tank 25. First Pipe 26. Second Pipe 27. Second Shaft 28. Second Bevel Gear 29. First Waterwheel 3. First Box 31. Third Plate Body 32. First Opening 4. First Plate Body 41. First Nozzle 42. Second Nozzle 5. Second Box 6. Stopper 61. Magnet 7. Buoyancy Ring 71. Motor 8. First Buoyancy Plate 81. Boost 82. Third Bevel Gear 83. Third Buoyancy Plate 84. Disk 9. Second Buoyancy Plate 91. Cam 92. Liquid Bag 93. Second Opening 94. Third Opening 95. Fourth Opening 10. Second Waterwheel 101. Third Shaft 102. Blade

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0008] Hereinafter, to make the advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1 The integrated sampling and separation device for detecting microplastics in water includes a frame body 1 equipped with a filter screen, a holder 2 for arranging the frame body 1, a first box 3 for collecting microplastics, and a buoyancy assembly for supplying buoyancy to the holder 2. There is a through hole 21 rotatably arranged in the frame body 1 within the holder 2. The holder 2 is further provided with a first carrier plate 22 located on the rear side of the frame body 1 and a second carrier plate 23 located on the front side of the frame body 1. A first shaft 11 is provided at the center of the frame body 1. One end of the first shaft 11 is rotatably connected to the first carrier plate 22, and the first box 3 is fixed to the bottom surface of the second carrier plate 23. The other end of the first shaft 11 extends into a first chute 231 provided within the second carrier plate 23, and a drive assembly is covered thereon. The drive assembly includes a cylinder 232 fixed and covered on the first shaft 11 and a second plate body 233 slidably connected to the first chute 231 and having an arcuate cross-section. As shown in FIG. 16, a corrugated annular groove 234 is provided on the side surface of the cylinder 232, and a first rod 235 slidably connected to the annular groove 234 is provided on the inner surface of the second plate body 233. On the bottom surface of the first chute 231, second chutes 237 distributed along the reciprocating movement direction of the second plate body 233 are provided. Within the first box 3, a third plate body 31 for pushing microplastics is slidably and hermetically provided. The outer surface of the second plate body 233 is a fixed block. Pierce the second chute 237 with a hook, fix it to and connect it to the third plate body 31, and the first bot On the side wall of the first box 3, a first opening 32 for drainage is provided, and a one-way valve is provided in the first opening 32. A one-way valve is provided. Note that the one-way valve in the first opening 32 is a gate that opens in one direction to the outside of the first opening 32. The first opening 32 has a filter screen, and the trigger condition of the gate is the kinetic energy generated by the reciprocating movement of the third plate body 31 to strike microplastics and water. On the bottom surface of the first chute 231, an airbag 236 is further provided. One end of the airbag 236 is connected to the second plate body 233, and the other end is connected to the first chute 231. A pipe communicating with the top of the second box 5 is provided in the airbag 236. On the bottom surface of the first chute 231, an airbag 236 is further provided. One end of the airbag 236 is connected to the second plate body 233, and the other end is connected to the first chute 231. A pipe communicating with the top of the second box 5 is provided in the airbag 236. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. A stopper 6 is provided on the first carrier plate 22. The frame body 1 is circular, and 12 spokes 13 are arranged at an angle of 30° inside the frame body 1, dividing the inside of the frame body 1 into 12 fan-shaped regions. In each of the fan-shaped regions, a sub-filter screen having the same shape as the fan-shaped region is slidably provided. A magnetic stripe 14 is provided around the sub-filter screen, and a magnet 61 for approaching the sub-filter screen rotated above the tank 24 to the tank 24 by magnetic attraction with the sub-filter screen is provided on the stopper 6. Note that both the magnet 61 and the magnetic stripe 14 are commercially available magnetic materials, and the magnetic stripe 14 can function as a peripheral frame structure of the sub-filter screen. Note that both the magnet 61 and the magnetic stripe 14 are commercially available magnetic materials, and the magnetic stripe 14 can function as a peripheral frame structure of the sub-filter screen. On one side surface of the sub-filter screen, four fourth plate bodies 15 are vertically provided. In each of the fan-shaped regions, four second rods 16 for connecting adjacent spokes 13 are provided. At the central part of the fourth plate body 15, a third chute 17 slidably connected to the second rod 16 is provided. On one side surface of the sub-filter screen, four fourth plate bodies 15 are vertically provided. In each of the fan-shaped regions, four second rods 16 for connecting adjacent spokes 13 are provided. At the central part of the fourth plate body 15, a third chute 17 slidably connected to the second rod 16 is provided. On one side surface of the sub-filter screen, four fourth plate bodies 15 are vertically provided. In each of the fan-shaped regions, four second rods 16 for connecting adjacent spokes 13 are provided. At the central part of the fourth plate body 15, a third chute 17 slidably connected to the second rod 16 is provided. There is a spring provided between the fourth plate body 15 and the second rod 16. Four protrusions 18 are provided on both side surfaces of the fourth plate body 15, and a third rod 19 for hitting the fourth plate body 15 in cooperation with the protrusions 18 is provided on the second rod 16 corresponding to the position of the protrusions 18. The third rod 19 and the second rod 16 are rotatably connected via a torsion spring. There is a first gap between the first carrier plate 22 and the frame body 1, and a second gap exists between the second carrier plate 2 3 and the frame body 1. A tank 24 for transporting microplastics is provided in the first gap. Inside each of the holders 2 corresponding to both sides of the tank 2 4, there is a first pipe 25 for transporting microplastics. One end of the first pipe 25 is joined to the tank 24, and the other end is joined to a second pipe 26 embedded in the second carrier plate 23. The second pipe 26 communicates with the first box 3. In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of transporting microplastics, the first pipe 25 is provided inclined towards the second pipe 2 6, and the tank 24 is inclined towards the first pipes 25 on both sides with the central part cut off offline. All of these inclination angles are 10°. Two second shafts 27 are provided in the second gap. A first bevel gear 12 is sleeved on the first shaft 11 located in the second gap. The two second shafts 27 are symmetrically provided on the side of the first shaft 11. One end of each of the two second shafts 27 is provided with a second bevel gear 28 meshing with the first bevel gear 12, and the other end penetrates through the holder 2 and is connected to a power member in the buoyancy assembly. A first water wheel 29 is fixedly sleeved on the second shaft 27 located in the first pipe 25. On the second carrier plate 23, there is a first plate body 4 for backwashing the filter screen and a water storage ... ... ... ... ... ... A second box 5 is provided for the nozzles 41, and a plurality of first nozzles 41 are provided on one side surface of the first plate 4. A plurality of second nozzles 42 are provided on the inner wall of the through hole 21 located above the tank 24. The second box 5 is connected to each of the first nozzles 41 and the second nozzles 42 via pipes. The buoyancy assembly is mounted on the holder 2, the first carrier plate 22, and the second carrier plate 23. The buoyancy ring 7 is wrapped in a buoyancy ring 7, and the power member is a motor 71 fitted in the buoyancy ring 7. The output shaft of the motor 71 is fixedly connected to the second shaft 27, and the second box 5 is A pump and pipes are provided to supply water into the second box 5 . The motor 71 and the pump are both commercially available products, and the storage tanks installed on the shore and the buoyancy ring 7 It is battery powered.

[0009] Example 2 The sampling and separation method for detecting microplastics in water according to this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1. The integrated sampling and separation device includes S1 and S2. S1: One side of the first carrier plate 22 is made of one piece so that it faces the direction of the river flow. The sampling separation device is placed in the river, and the holder 2 is floated in the river by the buoyancy assembly. The integrated sampling and separation device is secured to the river using a rope. S2: The motor 71 is started to rotate the two second shafts 27. The first shaft 11 is rotated by the drive 27, and the frame 1 is rotated and placed below the tank 24. The sub-filter located above tank 24 captures and collects microplastics. The sub-filter is backwashed with the first plate 4, and the microplastics are dropped into the tank 24. During this time, the water is pressurized and pumped to the second box 5 by the pump, and the water is pumped through the first nozzle 41. Backwash the sub-filter screen in the frame 1 located below the tank 24, and also use the second nozzle 42 as an aid to let the microplastics fall into the tank 24 by the action of the water flow. Due to the inclined surfaces on both sides of the tank 24, the microplastics sequentially pass through the first pipes 25 on both sides of the holder 2 and the second pipes 26 on both sides of the second carrier plate 23, and are accelerated under the assistance of the first waterwheel 2 9 and enter the first box 3. Next, due to the transmission action of the cylindrical body 232 and the second plate body 233 the second plate body 233 reciprocates along the length direction of the first chute 231 while being restricted by the second chute 237, thereby driving the third plate body 31 to cooperate with the inner wall of the first box 3 to periodically push the microplastics and water in the first box 3, and discharge the excess water from the first opening 32. In this way, the sampling separation and collection of microplastics are realized.

[0010] Example 3 In this example, compared with Example 1, the following points are different. The buoyancy assembly includes two sets of first buoyancy plates 8 and second buoyancy plates 9 symmetrically provided on both sides of the first shaft 11. Both the first buoyancy plates 8 and the second buoyancy plates 9 have cavities inside. The power member includes two second waterwheels 10 provided between each set of the first buoyancy plate 8 and the second buoyancy plate 9. The second waterwheel 10 is rotatably provided between a corresponding set of the first buoyancy plate 8 and the second buoyancy plate 9 via the third shaft 101. The upper end of the third shaft 101 extends into the cavity of the first buoyancy plate 8 and is connected to the impeller 81. The lower end of the third shaft 101 extends into the cavity of the second buoyancy plate 9 and is connected to the cam 91. Note that the cam 91 is composed of four protruding parts distributed at 90° in the circumferential direction. Such It is not limited to the form, and it is only necessary that the liquid bag 92 can be periodically pushed or released during the rotation of the cam 91. The second shaft 27 is provided with a third bevel gear 82 that meshes with the ratchet 81. One side of the cavity of the second buoyancy plate 9 is provided with a liquid bag 92. The liquid bag 92 has two water supply second openings 93 and one drainage third opening 94. The third opening 94 communicates with the second box 5 through a pipe, and uses the rotation of the cam 91 to push the liquid bag 92 to supply water to the second box 5. One-way valves are provided in both the second opening 93 and the third opening 94. The second buoyancy plate 9 has seven water supply fourth openings 95.

[0011] Example 4 The sampling and separation method for detecting underwater microplastics according to this example is by the integrated sampling and separation device according to Example 3. Compared with Example 2, the following points are different. In step S2, the second water wheel 10 rotates under the action of the water flow, and drives the two second shafts 27 to rotate through the ratchet 81, drives the first shaft 11 to rotate through the two second shafts 27, rotates the frame body 1. The sub-filter screen located below the tank 24 collects and collects microplastics. The sub-filter screen located above the tank 24 is backwashed by the first plate body 4 to drop the microplastics into the tank 24. During this period, the cam 91 periodically pushes the liquid bag 92 to supply water to the second box 5, and the second plate body 233 periodically pushes the airbag 236 to pressurize the second box 5. The first nozzle 41 backwashes the sub-filter screen in the frame body 1 below the tank 24, and the second nozzle 42 is for micro Plastic is assisted to fall into the tank 24 by the action of the water flow. On both sides of the tank 24, due to the inclined surfaces, the microplastics sequentially pass through the first pipe 25 on both sides of the holder 2 and the second pipe 26 on both sides of the carrier plate 23, and are accelerated under the assistance of the first water wheel 29 to enter the first box 3. Next, due to the transmission action of the cylinder 232 and the second plate 233, the second plate 233 reciprocates along the length direction of the first chute 231 while being restricted by the second chute 237, thereby driving the third plate 31 to cooperate with the inner wall of the first box 3, periodically pushing the microplastics and water in the first box 3, discharging the excess water from the first opening 32, and thus realizing the sampling separation and collection of the microplastics.

[0012] Example 5 In this example, compared with Example 3, the following points are different. In the buoyancy assembly of this example, in addition to the buoyancy assembly of Example 3, a third buoyancy plate 83 is provided above the first buoyancy plate 8, and above the flap 81, a disk 84 is provided to reduce the rotation speed of the flap 81 due to frictional resistance. The disk 84 is connected to the third buoyancy plate 83 by a spring rod passing through the first buoyancy plate 8. For each blade of the second water wheel 10, at least one blade 102 is provided to impart buoyancy to the second water wheel 10 by the action of the water flow. The blade 102 is in a long shape, and one end facing the water flow direction is 5 cm higher than the other end. In addition, in order to improve the fixing effect on the disk 84 and the flap 81, a commercially available rubber sheet may be adhered to the contact surface between the disk 84 and the flap 81 to increase the frictional force between the two.

[0013] Example 6 The sampling and separation method for detecting underwater microplastics according to this embodiment is implemented by the integrated sampling and separation device according to Embodiment 5. Based on Embodiment 4, it further includes the following S3. When the third buoyancy plate 83 is submerged at the water level of the river, water pressure acts on the third buoyancy plate 83, which is further included. S3: When the third buoyancy plate 83 is submerged at the water level of the river, water pressure acts on the third buoyancy plate 83, so the balance originally existing between the gravity of the third buoyancy plate 83 and the spring rod is disrupted, and the disk 84 is pushed downward, the rotation speed of the impeller 81 decreases due to the rubber sheet of the disk 84, and the rotation speed of the second water wheel 10 decreases. At this time, the buoyancy that the blades can supply due to the action of the water flow increases, and the integrated sampling ring separation device floats. Thereafter, it is reset by the action of the spring rod, thereby preventing the integrated sampling separation device from sinking. ​

Claims

1. An integrated sampling and separation device for detecting microplastics in water, comprising: A frame (1) for mounting a filtration screen, and a holder (2) for placing the frame (1). A first box (3) for collecting microplastics and a float in the holder (2). a buoyancy assembly for providing the force; A through hole (21) is provided in the holder (2) and is rotatably disposed in the frame (1). The holder (2) includes a first carrier plate (22) located on the rear side of the frame body (1), and a frame A second carrier plate (23) is further provided, which is located on the front side of the frame (1). A first shaft (11) is provided at the center of the first carrier. The first box (3) is rotatably connected to a second carrier plate (22). The bottom surface of the tray (23) is fixed to the tray (24). A first gap exists between the first carrier plate (22) and the frame body (1), and a second carrier A second gap exists between the up plate (23) and the frame body (1), and the first gap contains a microphone. A tank (24) for transporting plastic is provided, and a pair of tanks (24) are provided on both sides of the tank (24). A first arrangement for transferring microplastics is provided inside each of the corresponding holders (2). The first pipe (25) is connected at one end to the tank (24) and at the other end is connected to a second pipe (26) embedded in a second carrier plate (23), The pipe (26) communicates with the first box (3), The second gap is provided with two second shafts (27), and the first shaft (27) is located in the second gap. The shaft (11) is covered with a first bevel gear (12), and the two second shafts (27) are connected to the first The two second shafts (27) are provided symmetrically on both sides of the shaft (11), and each of the two second shafts (27) is A second bevel gear (28) is provided at one end thereof to mesh with the first bevel gear (12), and the other end is provided with a holder (2). The second pipe (25) is connected to a power member in the buoyancy assembly through the first pipe (25). A first water wheel (29) is fixedly mounted on the second shaft (27), The second carrier plate (23) includes a first plate body (4) for backwashing the filter net, and A second box (5) for storing water is provided, and is provided on one side of the first plate (4). A plurality of first nozzles (41) are provided in the tank (24), and a through hole (21) located above the tank (24) is provided in the tank (24). A plurality of second nozzles (42) are provided on the inner wall of the second box (5), and the second box (5) is connected to the each of the first nozzles (41) and the second nozzles (42) communicates with each other; An integrated sampling and separation device for detecting microplastics in water.

2. The other end of the first shaft (11) is connected to a first carrier plate (23) provided in a second carrier plate (23). A drive assembly extends into the chute (231) and is fitted thereon, The sleeve includes a cylindrical body (232) fixedly fitted on the first shaft (11), and the first sleeve includes a a second plate body (233) slidably connected to the base (231) and having an arc-shaped cross section; , the cylindrical body (232) has a side surface provided with a corrugated annular groove (234), The inner surface of the second plate (233) is provided with a first rod (234) slidably connected to the annular groove (234). A head (235) is provided, The bottom surface of the first chute (231) is provided with a plurality of slits (236) arranged along the moving direction of the second plate (233). A second chute (237) is provided, and in the first box (3), a micro-plus A third plate (31) for pushing the tick is provided slidably and sealed, and the second plate (2 The outer surface of the third plate (33) is penetrated by a fixed block through the second chute (237). 31), and in the side wall of the first box (3) there is a first opening for draining water. (32), the first opening (32) is provided with a one-way valve; An air bag (236) is further provided on the bottom surface of the first chute (231), The air bag (236) is connected at one end to the second plate (233) and at the other end to the first chute ( 231) and the air bag (236) is connected to the top of the second box (5).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a pipe is provided.

3. The first carrier plate (22) is provided with a stopper (6), and the frame (1) is circular. A plurality of spokes (13) are arranged inside the frame body (1), and the inside of the frame body (1) is divided into a plurality of sectors. Each of the sector-shaped regions is provided with a sub-filter having the same shape as the sector-shaped region. The sub-filter is provided with a magnetic stripe (14) around its periphery, and the stopper is provided with a magnetic stripe (14). The par (6) has a sub-filter net and a sub-rotating sub-filter that is magnetically attracted to the top of the tank (24). A magnet (61) is provided to bring the filter screen closer to the tank (24); At least one fourth plate (15) is vertically provided on one side of the sub-filter screen. Each of the sector regions is provided with a second rod ( At least one second rod (16) is provided at the center of the fourth plate (15). 6), and a third chute (17) slidably connected to the fourth plate (15) and the second A spring is provided between the rod (16), A plurality of protrusions (18) are provided on both sides of the fourth plate (15), and the protrusions (18) The second rod (16) corresponding to the position of the fourth plate (15) is attached to the second rod (16) in cooperation with the protrusion (18). A third rod (19) for striking is provided, and the third rod (19) and the second rod (1 6) is rotatably connected via a torsion spring. Place.

4. The buoyancy assembly includes a holder (2), a first carrier plate (22), a second carrier plate (24), and a a buoyancy ring (7) encased on a plate (23), said power member being said buoyancy ring A motor (71) fitted in the (7), The output shaft of the motor (71) is fixedly connected to a second shaft (27), and the second bore The first box (5) is provided with a pump and pipes for supplying water into the second box (5).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 .

5. The buoyant assembly includes two sets of first buoyant rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of a first shaft (11). The first buoyant plate (8) and the second buoyant plate (9) are both Each of the power members has a cavity therein, and each of the power members has a first buoyant plate (8) and a second buoyant plate (9). ) and two second water wheels (10) provided between the first water wheel and the second water wheel; The second water wheel (10) is connected to a corresponding set of first buoyancy plates via a third shaft (101). (8) and the second buoyant plate (9) are rotatably provided between the upper end of the third shaft (101). extends into the cavity of the first buoyant plate (8) and has a spur (81) connected thereto, and the third shaft The lower end of the buoyant plate (101) extends into the cavity of the second buoyant plate (9) and is connected to the cam (91). It has been The second shaft (27) is provided with a third bevel gear (82) that meshes with a spur (81). A liquid bag (92) is provided on one side of the cavity of the second buoyant plate (9), and the liquid The body bag (92) has at least one second opening (93) for water supply and one second opening (94) for water drainage. and a third opening (94), the third opening (94) being connected to the second box via a pipe. (5), and the rotation of the cam (91) is used to push the liquid bag (92) to the second box. The second opening (93) and the third opening (94) supply water to the gas supply unit (5). Both are provided with one-way valves, and the second buoyancy plate (9) has a fourth opening (95) for water supply.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of

6. A third buoyant plate (83) is provided above the first buoyant plate (8), and a third buoyant plate (83) is provided above the spur (81). A disk (84) is provided on the wheel (81) to reduce the rotation speed of the wheel (81) by frictional resistance. The disk (84) is supported by a spring bar that penetrates the first buoyant plate (8). connected to a buoyancy plate (83); A buoyancy is imparted to each blade of the second water turbine (10) by the action of the water flow. At least one blade (102) for rotating the blade is provided, the blade (102) being elongated.

6. The device according to claim 5, wherein one end facing the water flow direction is higher than the other end. Place.

7. The integrated sampling and separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used for underwater micro-processing. A sampling and separation method for detecting plastics, comprising: The first carrier plate (22) is an integral support plate so that one side of the plate faces the direction of the river flow. The sampling separation device is placed in a river, and the holder (2) is floated on the river by the buoyancy assembly; Step S1: fixing the integrated sampling and separating device to the river using a rope; The first shaft (11) is rotated by the two second shafts (27) to form a frame (1). The tank (24) rotates and collects microplastics using a sub-filter located below the tank (24). The wastewater is collected by backwashing the sub-filter located above the tank (24) with the first plate (4). The microplastics are dropped into a tank (24), then passed through a first pipe (25), a second pipe (26), and a (26) into the first box (3) in that order, and step S2 of realizing pulling separation and collection.

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