Building

Abstract

To provide a building that is capable of suitably performing natural ventilation inside a room.SOLUTION: A building 10 is provided with an outer wall 11 configured with a first outer wall part 20 and a second outer wall part 30 alternately lined along a first direction D1, wherein the first outer wall part 20 is configured to project further outward than the second outer wall part 30, the second outer wall part 30 is provided with a first ventilation window 33A for introducing wind into a room space 12A, a part of the first outer wall part 20 adjacent to the first ventilation window 33A is provided with a third outer surface 23S for introducing wind toward the building 10 into the first ventilation window 33A according to a wind direction toward the building 10, which is determined in accordance with an arrangement of the building 10, and the outer wall 11 includes a part where the first outer wall parts 20 having different shapes from each other line through the second outer wall parts 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a building.

Background Art

[0002] As an example of the outer wall structure of a building, Patent Document 1 discloses an outer wall structure in which a first outer wall portion made of concrete such as a pilaster and a second outer wall portion such as a glass curtain wall are combined. In this outer wall structure, the first outer wall portion protrudes outward from the second outer wall portion for suppressing the intrusion of the afternoon sun and for appearance reasons.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] By the way, in a building, natural ventilation of the interior may be performed through an opening / closing window. If natural ventilation is performed by providing an opening / closing window in the second outer wall portion in the outer wall structure as described above, it may be difficult to introduce outside air into the interior due to the first outer wall portion protruding outward.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The building that solves the above problems includes an outer wall composed of a first outer wall portion and a second outer wall portion that are alternately arranged along a first direction, the first outer wall portion is configured to protrude outward from the second outer wall portion, the second outer wall portion includes a ventilation window for taking in wind into the interior, a part of the first outer wall portion adjacent to the ventilation window includes an inclined surface for introducing the wind to the building into the ventilation window according to the wind direction to the building determined according to the arrangement of the building, and the outer wall includes a portion where the first outer wall portions having different shapes from each other are arranged via the second outer wall portion. [Advantages of the Invention]

[0006] According to the present invention, natural ventilation indoors can be suitably performed. [Brief Description of the Drawings]

[0007]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

[0008] With reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the building will be described. [Overall Configuration] As shown in FIG. 1, the building 10 is an office building having a plurality of floors as an example. The building 10 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape as an example. The building 10 includes a plurality of outer walls 11. The outer walls 11 constitute each side surface of the building 10.

[0009] As shown in FIG. 2, the building 10 includes an internal space 12. The internal space 12 includes a living space 12A where people stay on each floor, and a ceiling space 12B located above the living space 12A. The outer wall 11 separates the internal space 12 from the external space.

[0010] The outer wall 11 includes a plurality of first outer wall portions 20 and a plurality of second outer wall portions 30. In the outer wall 11, the first outer wall portions 20 and the second outer wall portions 30 are arranged alternately in the first direction D1. The first direction D1 is a horizontal direction as an example. The first outer wall portion 20 and the second outer wall portion 30 extend along a second direction D2 that intersects the first direction D1. The second direction D2 is a direction orthogonal to the first direction D1, for example, and is a vertical direction as an example.

[0011] The first outer wall portion 20 includes a first exterior member 21, a second exterior member 22, a third exterior member 23, and a fourth exterior member 24. Each first outer wall portion 20 is composed of a plurality of exterior members 21 to 24 arranged along the second direction D2. The outer wall 11 includes a plurality of first outer wall portions 20 in which the arrangements of the exterior members 21 to 24 are different from each other. In other words, the outer wall 11 includes a portion where the first outer wall portions 20 having different shapes from each other are arranged side by side via the second outer wall portion 30.

[0012] The exterior members 21 to 24 are, for example, concrete blocks made of precast concrete. In the outer wall 11, the first outer wall portion 20 is configured to protrude outward from the second outer wall portion 30 by the block-shaped exterior members 21 to 24.

[0013] The second outer wall portion 30 includes a plurality of lighting portions 31 and a plurality of outer wall panels 32. In each second outer wall portion 30, the lighting portions 31 and the outer wall panels 32 are arranged alternately in the second direction D2. The lighting portion 31 separates the living room space 12A from the external space. The lighting portion 31 takes in light from the external space into the living room space 12A. The outer wall panel 32 separates the ceiling space 12B from the external space.

[0014] [First outer wall portion 20] As shown in FIG. 3, the first outer wall portion 20 includes an outer surface 20S facing outward with respect to the building 10. The outer surface 20S is formed in a streamline shape by a first outer surface 21S included in the first exterior member 21, a second outer surface 22S included in the second exterior member 22, a third outer surface 23S included in the third exterior member 23, and a fourth outer surface 24S included in the fourth exterior member 24. Note that the height of the exterior members 21 to 24 is equal to the height of one floor in the building 10.

[0015] Hereinafter, the exterior members 21 to 24 will be described in detail. The first exterior member 21 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The first outer surface 21S of the first exterior member 21 is parallel to a virtual plane including the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. The upper surface and the lower surface of the first exterior member 21 have a rectangular shape as the first shape.

[0016] The third exterior member 23 has a trapezoidal columnar shape configured such that one side surface (the front side of the paper in FIG. 3) is narrower than the other side surface (the back side of the paper in FIG. 3). The upper surface and the lower surface of the third exterior member 23 have a trapezoidal shape as the second shape.

[0017] The third outer surface 23S of the third exterior member 23 inclines from the outside to the inside of the building 10. Specifically, the third outer surface 23S includes a first side 23E1 and a second side 23E2 extending in the second direction D2. The first side 23E1 is located outside the building 10 with respect to the second side 23E2.

[0018] The second exterior member 22 connects the lower surface of the first exterior member 21 located above and the upper surface of the third exterior member 23 located below. The second outer surface 22S of the second exterior member 22 is a curved surface that gently connects the lower end of the first outer surface 21S and the upper end of the third outer surface 23S. The upper surface of the second exterior member 22 has a rectangular shape as the first shape. The lower surface of the second exterior member 22 has a trapezoidal shape as the second shape.

[0019] The fourth exterior member 24 connects the lower surface of the third exterior member 23 located above and the upper surface of the first exterior member 21 located below. The fourth outer surface 24S of the fourth exterior member 24 is a curved surface that gently connects the lower end of the third outer surface 23S and the upper end of the first outer surface 21S. The upper surface of the fourth exterior member 24 has a trapezoidal shape as the second shape. The lower surface of the second exterior member 22 has a rectangular shape as the first shape.

[0020] The first outer wall portion 20 is configured such that the shape of the outer surface 20S continuously changes along the second direction D2 by arranging a plurality of exterior members 21 to 24 along the second direction D2. For example, in FIG. 3, as an example of the arrangement method of the exterior members 21 to 24 in the first outer wall portion 20, a state in which the first exterior member 21, the second exterior member 22, the third exterior member 23, and the fourth exterior member 24 are arranged in this order from above is illustrated.

[0021] Note that the state where the shape of the outer surface 20S changes continuously includes a state where a step is formed on the outer surface 20S due to a positional deviation allowed in the relative arrangement of the exterior members 21 to 24 or an error in the finished dimensions of the exterior members 21 to 24.

[0022] Also, the arrangement method of the exterior members 21 to 24 on the first outer wall portion 20 is not limited to the above example, and the exterior members 21 to 24 may be arranged by appropriately combining them. In this case, the exterior members 21 to 24 are arranged such that, in two members arranged vertically, the shape of the lower surface of the member located above and the shape of the upper surface of the member located below match either the first shape (rectangular shape) or the second shape (trapezoidal shape).

[0023] For example, a plurality of first exterior members 21 may be arranged continuously. For example, a plurality of third exterior members 23 may be arranged continuously. For example, the second exterior member 22 and the fourth exterior member 24 may be arranged such that the lower end of the second exterior member 22 and the upper end of the fourth exterior member 24 are continuous without passing through the third exterior member 23. For example, the fourth exterior member 24 and the second exterior member 22 may be arranged such that the lower end of the fourth exterior member 24 and the upper end of the second exterior member 22 are continuous without passing through the first exterior member 21.

[0024] [Second outer wall portion 30] As shown in FIG. 2, the lighting portion 31 of the second outer wall portion 30 is constituted by either a ventilation window 33 or a lighting panel 34. The ventilation window 33 is, as an example, a transparent glass window configured to be openable and closable. The ventilation window 33 has a lighting function of taking in external light into the room (here, the living space 12A) and a natural ventilation function of taking in air into the room. The lighting panel 34 is a transparent panel made of glass or the like configured to be non-openable and non-closable. In FIG. 2, for the sake of convenience, the outer shape of the ventilation window 33 configured to be openable and closable among the lighting portions 31 is shown by a thick line, and the outer shape of the lighting panel 34 configured to be non-openable and non-closable is shown by a thin line.

[0025] An example of the ventilation window 33 is the first ventilation window 33A. The first ventilation window 33A is a ventilation window 33 that is positioned adjacent to the second side 23E2 of the third outer surface 23S of the third exterior member 23 in the first outer wall portion 20. The second outer wall portion 30 may include a second ventilation window 33B which is a ventilation window 33 arranged at a position not adjacent to the second side 23E2 of the third outer surface 23S in the first outer wall portion 20.

[0026] The outer wall panel 32 of the second outer wall portion 30 is made of an arbitrary material such as metal, ceramics, resin, etc. Note that, as an example, the outer wall panel 32 is made of an opaque material, but it may also be made of a transparent material similar to the lighting portion 31, for example, the same material as the lighting portion 31.

[0027] [Sunlight shielding and natural ventilation] As shown in FIG. 4, since the first outer wall portion 20 protrudes outward from the building 10 more than the second outer wall portion 30 having the lighting portion 31, the intrusion of the afternoon sun L1 into the living space 12A through the lighting portion 31 is preferably suppressed.

[0028] Also, the wind W1 blows from a specific direction on the building 10 according to the season. In the first outer wall portion 20, the exterior members 21 to 24 are arranged such that the third outer surface 23S of the third exterior member 23 inclines along the wind direction of the wind W1 on the building 10 at a specific time.

[0029] The wind direction of the wind W1 on the building 10 is determined according to the location of the building 10 in addition to the season. For example, the wind direction of the wind W1 on the building 10 can be predicted (specified) based on weather information including statistical data of the wind direction for each season at the construction location of the building 10, particularly the weather information for a predetermined time when it is desired to introduce the wind W1 into the interior of the building 10 by natural ventilation.

[0030] As an example, in the building 10, natural ventilation is assumed to be performed during intermediate periods such as spring and autumn. In this case, the inclination of the third outer surface 23S of the third exterior member 23 is set along the wind direction of the wind W1 blowing against the outer wall 11 of the building 10 based on the meteorological information during the intermediate period. In FIG. 4, as the wind direction during the intermediate period, a state where the wind W1 blows from the north-northwest toward the building 10 is illustrated.

[0031] Thereby, in the natural ventilation of the building 10, the wind W1 toward the building 10 is suitably introduced toward the first ventilation window 33A adjacent to the third outer surface 23S by the inclined surface formed by the third outer surface 23S of the first outer wall portion 20. That is, the third outer surface 23S functions as an inclined surface for suitably introducing the wind W1 blowing toward the building 10 into the living space 12A when performing natural ventilation of the living space 12A.

[0032] In the natural ventilation of the building 10 during the intermediate period, the internal air W2 present in the living space 12A of the building 10 is discharged to the outside through the second ventilation window 33B. Thereby, the air in the living space 12A is suitably ventilated.

[0033] Note that in the first ventilation window 33A, the open first ventilation window 33A is configured in an opening and closing direction along the wind direction of the wind W1 so as not to block the flow path of the wind W1 introduced by the third outer surface 23S. Further, the opening and closing direction of the second ventilation window 33B is not particularly limited as long as the internal air W2 can be suitably discharged. As an example, in FIG. 4, a case where the opening and closing direction of the second ventilation window 33B is opposite to the opening and closing direction of the first ventilation window 33A is illustrated.

[0034] Further, the arrangement of the exterior members 21 to 24 in the first outer wall portion 20 may be optimized by a simulation of the ventilation effect using meteorological information including the construction location of the building 10 and the wind direction and wind volume information corresponding to the period when natural ventilation is assumed. For example, in a state where the meteorological information and the orientation of the outer wall 11 are set, a simulation may be performed by changing the arrangement of the exterior members 21 to 24 in the first outer wall portion 20 to evaluate whether a sufficient ventilation effect by the wind W1 can be obtained.

[0035] Similarly, the shape of the third outer surface 23S of the third exterior member 23 may be optimized by simulation of the ventilation effect using the above-described weather information. For example, in a state where the weather information and the orientation of the outer wall 11 are set, simulation may be performed by changing the protruding amount (thickness) of the exterior members 21 to 24 and the inclination angle of the third outer surface 23S of the third exterior member 23, to evaluate whether a sufficient ventilation effect by the wind W1 can be obtained.

[0036] [Effects of the Embodiment] (1) In the outer wall 11, the third outer surface 23S that constitutes an inclined surface is disposed at a position adjacent to the first ventilation window 33A. Thereby, the wind W1 blowing against the building 10 can be introduced along the third outer surface 23S to the first ventilation window 33A. Therefore, the wind W1 can be suitably introduced into the room through the first ventilation window 33A.

[0037] (2) The outer wall 11 includes a portion where the first outer wall portions 20 having different shapes are arranged via the second outer wall portion 30. Thereby, the outer appearance of the outer wall 11 having a characteristic design can be obtained such that the shapes of the first outer wall portions 20 arranged intermittently via the second outer wall portion 30 change along the first direction D1. Further, in the plurality of first outer wall portions 20, by changing the position of the third outer surface 23S in the second direction D2, the floors where the third outer surface 23S is disposed in the building 10 can be dispersed. Therefore, a configuration can be realized in which the third outer surface 23S is disposed at a position adjacent to the first ventilation window 33A in the plurality of floors provided in the building 10.

[0038] (3) The first outer wall portion 20 is configured to protrude outward more than the second outer wall portion 30 including the daylighting portion 31. Thereby, the first outer wall portion 20 can prevent the afternoon sun L1 from entering the room through the daylighting portion 31.

[0039] (4) In the first outer wall portion 20, the third exterior member 23 is arranged such that the third outer surface 23S inclines along the wind direction predicted based on the weather information in a specific period when it is desired to introduce the wind W1 into the interior of the building 10 by natural ventilation. Thereby, in a specific period, the wind W1 blowing on the building 10 can be suitably introduced along the third outer surface 23S into the first ventilation window 33A.

[0040] (5) The first outer wall portion 20 is configured by arranging a plurality of exterior members 21 to 24 having different shapes along the second direction D2. According to such a configuration, by changing the arrangement of the plurality of exterior members 21 to 24, a plurality of first outer wall portions 20 having different shapes can be configured. Therefore, while suppressing the manufacturing cost of the members constituting the first outer wall portion 20, the degree of freedom in the design of the first outer wall portion 20 can be increased.

[0041] (6) The first outer wall portion 20 is configured such that the shape of the outer surface 20S continuously changes along the second direction D2. Thereby, since the outer surface 20S is configured in a streamline shape, the wind W1 to the building 10 can be suitably introduced into the first ventilation window 33A. Further, the appearance of the outer wall 11 can be made into a characteristic design in which the shape of each first outer wall portion 20 continuously changes along the second direction D2 and the shape of the first outer wall portions 20 arranged intermittently changes along the first direction D1.

[0042] (7) The exterior members 21 to 24, which are four types of precast members, have upper and lower surfaces configured in either the first shape (rectangular shape) or the second shape (trapezoidal shape). Thereby, by arranging the exterior members 21 to 24 while matching the upper surface shape and the lower surface shape of the exterior members 21 to 24, a continuous pattern can be efficiently constructed.

[0043] [Modification Example] This embodiment can be implemented by making the following modifications. This embodiment and the following modification examples can be implemented in combination with each other within a range where there is no technical contradiction.

[0044] · The first outer wall portion 20 is not limited to a configuration in which the shape of the outer surface 20S continuously changes along the second direction D2. That is, the first outer wall portion 20 may include a plurality of outer surfaces 20S partitioned by steps. For example, the exterior members 21 to 24 may be arranged so as to include a portion where the first exterior member 21 and the third exterior member 23 are continuous without passing through the second exterior member 22 or the fourth exterior member 24.

[0045] · The first outer wall portion 20 is not limited to a configuration including a plurality of exterior members 21 to 24 having different shapes. For example, each first outer wall portion 20 intermittently arranged along the first direction D1 may be constituted by one member. Further, the first outer wall portion 20 is not limited to a configuration using the exterior members 21 to 24, and may be constituted by arranging a plurality of members having arbitrary shapes including a member having an inclined surface for introducing the wind W1 to the building 10 into the first ventilation window 33A. For example, the first outer wall portion 20 may be constituted by arranging members combining the shapes of any two or more of the exterior members 21 to 24. Further, the first outer wall portion 20 is not limited to a form constituted by precast members, and may be made of cast-in-place concrete.

[0046] · The third outer surface 23S is not limited to a configuration in which it inclines along the wind direction predicted based on the meteorological information at a specific time at the construction site of the building 10, and the inclination may be set according to at least the wind direction to the building 10 determined according to the arrangement of the building 10. For example, when the wind W1 having a wind direction substantially in the same direction blows against the building 10 throughout the year, the inclination of the third outer surface 23S may be set accordingly.

[0047] · The third outer surface 23S is not limited to a configuration in which it inclines along the wind direction to the building 10 in the intermediate period. For example, in a region with a climate suitable for natural ventilation even in summer, such as a region with a relatively high latitude or a high altitude, the inclination of the third outer surface 23S may be configured to follow the wind direction to the building 10 in summer. Also, in a region with a climate suitable for natural ventilation even in winter, such as a region with a relatively low latitude, the inclination of the third outer surface 23S may be configured to follow the wind direction to the building 10 in winter.

[0048] · The second outer wall portion 30 is not limited to a configuration including a daylighting portion 31 for taking in external light into the room. For example, instead of a configuration including the daylighting portion 31, the entire second outer wall portion 30 including the ventilation window 33 may be made of an opaque material.

[0049] · Among the plurality of first outer wall portions 20 intermittently arranged along the first direction D1, it is not necessarily required that the shapes of all the first outer wall portions 20 are different. That is, the outer wall 11 may include first outer wall portions 20 having the same shape.

[0050] · The outer wall 11 only needs to include at least the first ventilation window 33A among the ventilation windows 33, and does not necessarily need to include the second ventilation window 33B. In this case, the internal air W2 existing in the living space 12A of the building 10 may be discharged from locations other than the second ventilation window 33B such as a ventilation opening.

[0051] · In the outer wall 11, a configuration in which the first outer wall portion 20 and the second outer wall portion 30 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, that is, a configuration in which the first direction D1 is the horizontal direction, is illustrated. However, the first direction D1 may be a direction inclined with respect to the horizontal direction. Further, the second direction D2 in which the first outer wall portion 20 and the second outer wall portion 30 extend may be a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction (up and down direction). The second direction D2 does not necessarily need to be orthogonal to the first direction D1, and it is sufficient that it intersects at least the first direction D1.

[0052] · It is sufficient that at least a part of two first outer wall portions 20 adjacent to the first ventilation window 33A includes a third outer surface 23S that functions as an inclined surface for introducing the wind W1 into the first ventilation window 33A.

[0053] · The building 10 may include the outer wall 11 including the first outer wall portion 20 and the second outer wall portion 30 on the entire surface of at least one side surface or a part of one side surface.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0054] D1... the first direction, D2... the second direction, L1... the west sun, W1... the wind, W2... the indoor air, 10... the building, 11... the outer wall, 12... the interior space, 12A... the living room space, 12B... the attic space, 20... the first outer wall part, 20S... the outer surface, 21... the first exterior member, 21S... the first outer surface, 22... the second exterior member, 22S... the second outer surface, 23... the third exterior member, 23E1... the first side, 23E2... the second side, 23S... the third outer surface, 24... the fourth exterior member, 24S... the fourth outer surface, 30... the second outer wall part, 31... the lighting part, 32... the outer wall panel, 33... the ventilation window, 33A... the first ventilation window, 33B... the second ventilation window, 34... the lighting panel.

Claims

1. A building comprising: an outer wall composed of a first outer wall portion and a second outer wall portion arranged alternately along a first direction; the first outer wall portion is configured to protrude outward beyond the second outer wall portion; the second outer wall portion is provided with a ventilation window for taking in wind into the interior; a part of the first outer wall portion adjacent to the ventilation window is provided with an inclined surface for guiding the wind to the building into the ventilation window according to the wind direction to the building determined according to the arrangement of the building; the outer wall includes a portion where the first outer wall portions having different shapes are arranged via the second outer wall portion; a building.

2. The second outer wall portion is provided with a lighting portion for taking in external light into the interior. The building according to Claim 1.

3. The inclined surface is inclined along the wind direction predicted based on the meteorological information at a specific time at the construction site of the building. The building according to Claim 1.

4. The first outer wall portion is composed of a plurality of exterior members having different shapes arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction; the first outer wall portion is provided with an outer surface composed of the plurality of exterior members; the outer surface includes the inclined surface. The building according to any one of Claims 1 to 3.

5. The first outer wall portion is configured such that the outer surface continuously changes along the second direction as the plurality of exterior members are arranged along the second direction. The building according to Claim 4.

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