Carbonization furnace and control method thereof

Abstract

To provide a carbonization furnace capable of performing a drying process in a space-saving manner.SOLUTION: A carbonization furnace 1A comprises: a drying chamber 29 for drying a material W to be carbonized; a carbonization chamber 30 provided below the drying chamber 29 for carbonizing the material W to be carbonized dried in the drying chamber 29; and a partition plate 25 partitioning the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30. The partition plate 25 is openable and closable between a closed state where the drying chamber 29 is closed relative to the carbonization chamber 30 and an open state where the drying chamber 29 communicates with the carbonization chamber 30. The material W to be carbonized dried in the drying chamber 29 is guided to the carbonization chamber 30 through a communication part formed when the partition plate 25 is in the open state. A bypass pipe 21 is provided to guide combustion gas or the like generated in the carbonization chamber 30 to the drying chamber 29.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a carbonization furnace and a control method thereof.

Background Art

[0002] There is known a carbonization furnace that carbonizes a carbonizable material such as woody biomass to obtain a carbide (Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses that by flowing combustion gas around the outer periphery of a carbonization chamber, the woody biomass raw material accommodated in a carbonization tray inside the carbonization chamber is heated by radiant heat at 250°C to 450°C for semi-carbonization treatment.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In Patent Document 1, when heating at 250°C to 450°C for semi-carbonization treatment, the carbonizable material is simultaneously dried. However, drying and semi-carbonization treatment are carried out simultaneously in the carbonization chamber. Since the carbonizable material before drying has a larger bulk than the carbide, the space efficiency is deteriorated and the apparatus cannot be made compact.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a carbonization furnace and a control method thereof that can perform a drying process with less space and can supply materials efficiently.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The carbonization furnace according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a drying chamber for drying the material to be carbonized, a carbonization chamber provided below the drying chamber for carbonizing the material to be carbonized dried in the drying chamber, and a partition plate for partitioning the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber. The partition plate is capable of being opened and closed between a closed state in which the drying chamber is closed with respect to the carbonization chamber and an open state in which the drying chamber is communicated with the carbonization chamber.

[0007] A control method for a carbonization furnace according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a control method for a carbonization furnace including a drying chamber for drying the material to be carbonized, a carbonization chamber provided below the drying chamber for carbonizing the material to be carbonized dried in the drying chamber, and a partition plate for partitioning the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber. The partition plate is made capable of being opened and closed between a closed state in which the drying chamber is closed with respect to the carbonization chamber and an open state in which the drying chamber is communicated with the carbonization chamber.

Effect of the Invention

[0008] Since the drying chamber is formed with respect to the carbonization chamber by the partition plate that opens and closes, the drying process can be performed in a space-saving manner, and the material can be supplied efficiently.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4A

Figure 4B

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. [First Embodiment] Hereinafter, the first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. FIG. 1 shows a carbonization furnace 1A of the present embodiment. The carbonization furnace of the present disclosure includes not only a carbonization furnace for producing biochar from biomass raw materials but also a reactor for producing biofuel from biomass raw materials. As the biomass raw material, for example, woody biomass such as thinned wood and waste wood is used.

[0011] The carbonization furnace 1A is fixed to the loading platform 3a of the vehicle 3. Note that the carbonization furnace 1A may be detachable from the loading platform 3a.

[0012] A crane 3c such as a jib crane is provided behind the vehicle of the trailer head 3b. The carbide W, which is a biomass raw material, is introduced into the carbonization furnace 1A by the crane 3c. A fire extinguishing facility 5 equipped with a water tank is provided between the trailer head 3b and the carbonization furnace 1A. Behind the vehicle of the carbonization furnace 1A, a crusher 7 and a generator 9 are provided on the loading platform 3a. The crusher 7 crushes the carbide W before drying to a desired size.

[0013] The generator 9 supplies the electric power necessary for carbonization, such as the power of the crusher 7. The crusher 7 and the generator 9 can be lowered to the ground from the loading platform 3a by means of the crane 3c or the like. Thereby, the crusher 7 and the generator 9 can be installed at an appropriate place at the location where carbonization is performed.

[0014] The carbonization furnace 1A includes a container 10 that can form a sealed space. The material to be carbonized W is put into this container 10, and drying and carbonization are performed.

[0015] Inside the container 10, a fire grate 12 extending horizontally downward is provided. The fire grate 12 constitutes the floor surface on which the material to be carbonized W is placed, and combustion gas, dry distillation gas, water vapor, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "combustion gas etc.") generated during carbonization can pass through. A furnace bottom flue 14 is formed below the fire grate 12. The combustion gas etc. is guided to the furnace bottom flue 14 through the fire grate 12.

[0016] Chimneys 16 and 17 are connected to the front and rear in the longitudinal direction of the furnace bottom flue 14 respectively. By an induced draft fan (IDF) 19 provided in the furnace bottom flue 14, the combustion gas etc. is guided to the chimneys 16 and 17 and discharged to the outside of the carbonization furnace 1A.

[0017] A plurality of bypass pipes 21 are provided between the furnace bottom flue 14 and the upper space of the container 10. Each bypass pipe 21 is provided in parallel at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the container 10. By the bypass pipes 21, a part of the combustion gas etc. flowing through the furnace bottom flue 14 is refluxed above the container 10 to promote drying inside the container 10.

[0018] Above the side surface of the container 10, an air inlet 23 for introducing air from the outside is formed. The air inlet 23 has a horizontally long shape along the longitudinal direction of the container 10. Air is introduced into the container 10 from the air inlet 23 to adjust the oxygen concentration during carbonization. The air inlet 23 may be provided with a mechanism for adjusting the flow rate of the introduced air.

[0019] Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of the container 10. A partition plate 25 is provided inside the container 10 (the partition plate 25 is shown by cross-hatching in FIG. 1). The partition plate 25 is a substantially rectangular plate-like body and is provided on the left and right in FIG. 2. Note that a plurality of partition plates 25 may be provided by dividing the container 10 in the longitudinal direction.

[0020] A rotating shaft 27 extending in the longitudinal direction of the container 10 is provided at the central position of the ceiling portion of the container 10. One side 25a of each partition plate 25 is rotatably attached to the rotating shaft 27. The other side 25b of the partition plate 25 rotates about the side 25a and is locked to the side wall 10a of the container 10 in the state of FIG. 2.

[0021] In FIG. 2, each partition plate 25 is in a closed state. That is, the space inside the container 10 is partitioned into an upper drying chamber 29 and a lower carbonization chamber 30 by each partition plate 25. The drying process of the material to be carbonized W is performed in a state where the material to be carbonized W is placed on the upper surface of the partition plate 25.

[0022] In the drying process, combustion gas or the like generated in the carbonization chamber 30 is led to the drying chamber 29 through the bypass pipe 21. Although the bypass pipe 21 is connected to the carbonization chamber 30 in FIG. 2, it may be connected to the bottom flue 14 below the carbonization chamber 30 as shown in FIG. 1. Also, in the drying process, a heating part may be provided on the partition plate 25 to promote drying. The heating part may include, for example, an electric heater on the partition plate 25, or may utilize Joule heat generated by energizing the partition plate 25 itself.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 2, the partition plate 25 is inclined horizontally in the closed state. Thereby, substantially triangular prism-shaped drying chambers 29 are formed on both sides of the upper part inside the container 10. The inclination angle of the partition plate 25 in the closed state is set to an angle that does not exceed the angle of repose of the material to be carbonized W before drying.

[0024] In a certain area on one side 25a at the upper part of the partition plate 25, gas ventilation holes penetrating in the plate thickness direction of the partition plate 25 are formed. Combustion gas and the like in the carbonization chamber 30 are guided into the drying chamber 29 through these gas ventilation holes as shown by the arrow A1. Note that gas ventilation holes are not formed in other areas of the partition plate 25.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 2, since the partition plate 25 is inclined, moisture generated from the carbide W during the drying process becomes drain water D and is guided downward toward the other side 25b. The drain water D is discharged to the outside of the container 10 through a drain port (not shown).

[0026] In FIG. 3, each partition plate 25 is in an open state. One side 25a of each partition plate 25 is rotatably attached to the rotation shaft 27, and by rotating the other side 25b of each partition plate 25 downward, each partition plate 25 faces substantially vertically downward. The downward rotation operation of the partition plate 25 is performed by the action of gravity, but a driving force of an electric motor or the like may also be used according to a command from a control unit (not shown).

[0027] As each partition plate 25 rotates downward as shown in FIG. 3, a communication portion is formed between the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30, and the space in the container 10 is made into one space without being partitioned. In this state, the carbonization process of the carbide W can be performed.

[0028] The carbide W placed on the upper surface of each partition plate 25 in the drying state of FIG. 2 slides down along with the rotation operation of each partition plate 25, is guided into the carbonization chamber 30, and is deposited above the carbide W already existing in the carbonization chamber 30 as shown in FIG. 3.

[0029] FIG. 4A shows the main part of the partition plate 25. In the partition plate 25 shown in this figure, the gas ventilation holes through which the combustion gas and the like shown by the arrow A1 in FIG. 2 pass are omitted.

[0030] The partition plate 25 includes an upper plate portion 25c that constitutes the upper surface, and a lower plate portion 25d attached below the upper plate portion 25c.

[0031] The upper plate portion 25c is formed with water passage holes 25e that penetrate in the plate thickness direction. A large number of water passage holes 25e are formed over substantially the entire surface of the upper plate portion 25c. The upper plate portion 25c serves as a water passage plate, and the drain water generated by drying the carbide W on the upper plate portion 25c flows downward through the water passage holes 25e. Note that the upper plate portion 25c may be a mesh plate provided with a wire mesh-like mesh.

[0032] The lower plate portion 25d has no holes formed therein and serves as a water receiving plate for receiving the drain water guided from the upper plate portion 25c. As shown in FIG. 4B, a groove portion 25f is formed over substantially the entire surface of the lower plate portion 25d, and after the drain water is guided downward through the groove portion 25f as shown in FIG. 2, it is discharged to the outside of the container 10 through a drain port (not shown). Note that a gas vent hole (not shown) for introducing combustion gas or the like is provided in a certain region on the side of one side 25a of the upper part of the partition plate 25 in the lower plate portion 25d.

[0033] FIG. 5 shows an example of a structure for operating the partition plate 25. As shown in the figure, a cylindrical portion 25g is fixed to one side 25a of the partition plate 25. A rotating shaft 27 is inserted through the cylindrical portion 25g. The cylindrical portion 25g (that is, the partition plate 25) is displaceable in the axial direction with respect to the rotating shaft 27.

[0034] A stopper 10b is fixed to the inner surface of the container 10. As shown by the arrow A2 in FIG. 5, by lifting the other side 25b of the partition plate 25 upward and locking the corner portion of the other side 25b of the partition plate 25 to the upper surface of the stopper 10b, the partition plate 25 can be fixed in a predetermined inclined state. Thereby, the closed state shown in FIG. 2 can be achieved.

[0035] When releasing the closed state, slide the partition plate 25 in the axial direction (leftward in the figure) as shown by the arrow A3 to retract the other side 25b of the partition plate 25 from the upper surface of the stopper 10b. As a result, the locking by the stopper 10b is released, and the other side 25b of the partition plate 25 rotates downward to reach the open state shown in FIG. 3.

[0036] The operation of the partition plate 25 described above may be manually performed by an operator, or the partition plate 25 may be driven by a control unit (not shown).

[0037] The control unit is composed of, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a computer-readable storage medium, etc. A series of processes for realizing various functions are stored in a storage medium, etc. in the form of a program as an example. The CPU reads this program into the RAM, etc. and executes information processing and arithmetic operations, thereby realizing various functions. Note that the program may be in a form pre-installed in the ROM or other storage media, in a form provided in a state stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or in a form distributed via wired or wireless communication means. The computer-readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, etc.

[0038] Next, a method of using the carbonization furnace 1A having the above configuration will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the object to be carbonized W is put into the drying chamber 29 of the container 10 using the crane 3c. The object to be carbonized W is put in from the ceiling surface of the opened container 10. After putting the object to be carbonized W into the container 10, close the ceiling surface of the container 10. At this time, the partition plate 25 is in the closed state shown in FIG. 2, and the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 are partitioned. Therefore, the object to be carbonized W before drying put into the container 10 is placed on the upper surface of the partition plate 25 (the state in FIG. 2).

[0039] The material to be carbonized W placed in the carbonization chamber 30 is carbonized while being placed on the fire grate 12. At the start of the carbonization process, ignition of the material to be carbonized W is carried out by an ignition burner (not shown) provided near the fire grate 12. After ignition, the carbonization process is maintained by the combustion heat of the material to be carbonized W. In the carbonization process, air is introduced from the inlet 23 shown in FIG. 1, and carbonization is carried out at a desired oxygen concentration with insufficient oxygen. The carbonization chamber 30 is charged with the material to be carbonized W that has been dried in the drying chamber 29.

[0040] In the drying chamber 29, combustion gas and the like generated in the carbonization chamber 30 are introduced through the bypass pipe 21, and the drying process is carried out. Also, the combustion gas and the like generated in the carbonization chamber 30 are introduced into the drying chamber 29 through the through holes formed in the partition plate 25 as shown by the arrow A1 in FIG. 2, in addition to those passing through the bypass pipe 21. Further, when a heating part is provided on the partition plate 25, the heating part is energized according to the command of the control part to heat the material to be carbonized W. During the drying process, the drain water generated from the material to be carbonized W is guided through the water passage hole 25e of the partition plate 25 to the lower groove part 25f as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. Then, due to the inclination of the partition plate 25, it flows downward in the groove part 25f and is discharged to the outside of the container 10.

[0041] When the drying process is completed, as shown in FIG. 3, the partition plate 25 is rotated to drop the material to be carbonized W in the drying chamber 29 into the lower carbonization chamber 30. Thereby, the dried material to be carbonized W from the drying chamber 29 is charged above the material to be carbonized W during the carbonization process in the carbonization chamber 30. Thereby, the carbonization process is continuously carried out.

[0042] The end of the drying process may be judged at a predetermined time, or the control part may judge according to the output of a temperature sensor provided in the drying chamber 29 or an analyzer that performs gas analysis. In the analysis part, the concentration of water vapor and the like is analyzed.

[0043] Regarding the end of the carbonization process, it may be determined at a preset time, or the control unit may make a determination based on the output of a temperature sensor provided in the carbonization chamber 30 or an analyzer that performs gas analysis. In the analysis unit, the concentrations of hydrocarbons such as water vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane are analyzed.

[0044] The functions and effects of the present embodiment described above are as follows. The carbonization chamber 30 is provided below the drying chamber 29, and the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 are partitioned by the partition plate 25. When the partition plate 25 is in the closed state as shown in FIG. 2, the drying chamber 29 is in a closed state with respect to the carbonization chamber 30, and the drying process can be efficiently performed. Further, by opening the partition plate 25, the drying chamber 29 can be communicated with the carbonization chamber 30 as shown in FIG. 3. Thereby, the carbonized material W dried in the drying chamber 29 can be introduced into the carbonization chamber 30. By opening and closing the partition plate 25 in this way, the drying chamber 29 can be appropriately formed, so that the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 can be made space-saving, and the apparatus can be made compact.

[0045] The drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 are connected by a bypass pipe 21 that bypasses the partition plate 25. Thereby, the combustion gas generated in the carbonization chamber 30 is led to the drying chamber 29, and the drying in the drying chamber 29 can be efficiently performed.

[0046] The partition plate 25 rotates around a rotation axis 27 around one side 25a. The other side 25b of the partition plate 25 is in the closed state when located above, and in the open state when located below. Thereby, the partition plate 25 can be easily opened and closed by rotating it.

[0047] When the partition plate 25 is in the closed state as shown in FIG. 2, it is inclined with respect to the horizontal, so that the space of the drying chamber 29 can be effectively used as compared with the case where the partition plate 25 is horizontal.

[0048] By providing the upper plate portion 25c as a water-permeable plate on the partition plate 25, the water generated when drying the carbide W can be guided to the lower plate portion 25d side, which is the water receiving plate. Since the partition plate 25 is inclined in the closed state as shown in Fig. 2, the water received by the upper plate portion 25c can be guided downward. As a result, the water generated during the drying of the carbide W can be removed from the drying chamber 29, and the drying efficiency can be increased.

[0049] By forming a through-hole in a part of the partition plate 25, combustion gas and the like generated in the carbonization chamber 30 can be guided to the drying chamber 29 as shown by the arrow A1 in Fig. 2. Thus, even when the partition plate 25 is in the closed state, drying can be promoted by guiding gas from the carbonization chamber 30 to the drying chamber 29.

[0050] Since a heating part is provided on the partition plate 25, the drying of the carbide W can be promoted.

[0051] Note that this embodiment can be modified as shown in Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 6, the inside of the container 10 may be divided into a plurality of parts by one or more partition wall parts 32. The partition wall part 32 is a plate-like body formed from the upper surface to the lower surface of the container 10 and is provided along the longitudinal direction of the container 10. In Fig. 6, two partition wall parts 32 are provided, and the space inside the container 10 is divided into three parts. Partition plates 25 are provided in each of the divided spaces. Each partition plate 25 is rotatably attached to the rotation shaft 27 and operates in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment. By dividing the inside of the container 10 into a plurality of spaces in this way, the area of the partition plate 25 on which the carbide W before drying is placed can be increased, and the drying efficiency in the drying chamber 29 can be improved.

[0052] [Second Embodiment] Next, a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. This embodiment is common in that a rotatable partition plate is used as in the first embodiment, but the form of the partition plate is different. Therefore, hereinafter, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same reference numerals will be given to the common configurations and their descriptions will be omitted.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 7, the carbonization furnace 1B includes a container 10 as in the first embodiment, and a drying chamber 29 and a carbonization chamber 30 are formed in the container 10. The container 10 can be installed on the vehicle 3 as shown in FIG. 1.

[0054] The drying chamber 29 is provided above the carbonization chamber 30 and is partitioned from the carbonization chamber 30 by a partition plate 35. The partition plate 35 is an elongated rectangular plate-like body with the width direction of the container 10 (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 7) as the longitudinal direction. A plurality of partition plates 35 are arranged in a louver shape in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the container 10 (the horizontal direction in FIG. 7). Each partition plate 35 shown in FIG. 7 is in a closed state and is positioned horizontally. Thereby, a floor portion extending in the horizontal direction is formed by the partition plate 35. The carbide-to-be W before drying is placed on the partition plate 35 serving as the floor portion.

[0055] One side of each partition plate 35 is attached to a rotation shaft 37, and the other side rotates around the rotation shaft 37. The rotation shaft 37 is attached to the container 10 so as to extend in the width direction of the container 10. The rotation shafts 37 are provided at substantially equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the container 10. As shown in FIG. 8, one end of each rotation shaft 37 projects outside the container 10 and includes a lever portion 37a. By driving the lever portion 37a manually or by a command from a control unit, the rotation shaft 37 is rotated. Note that the lever portions 37a of the respective rotation shafts 37 may be connected by a link (not shown) so that all the rotation shafts 37 operate synchronously.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 7, a first chimney (exhaust gas duct) 39 is provided at one end (the right end in the figure) in the longitudinal direction of the container 10. The lower end of the first chimney 39 communicates with the bottom flue 14, and guides combustion gas and the like that have passed through the bottom flue 14 upward and discharges them to the outside. The first chimney 39 is provided with an opening 39a so as to communicate with the drying chamber 29. The opening 39a can be closed by a partition damper 41. In the state of FIG. 7, the partition damper 41 is retracted upward and the opening 39a is open. By opening the opening 39a, combustion gas and the like guided from the first chimney 39 can be introduced into the drying chamber 29.

[0057] A first louver damper (switching damper) 43 is provided in the first chimney 39. The first louver damper 43 is installed on the downstream side (the upper side in FIG. 7) of the opening 39a. The first louver damper 43 is configured such that a plate portion 43b rotates around a rotation shaft 43a, and can obstruct or allow the flow of combustion gas and the like flowing through the first chimney 39. The state shown in FIG. 7 is such that the first louver damper 43 is in a closed state and obstructs the flow through the first chimney 39. As a result, the entire amount of combustion gas and the like flowing through the first chimney 39 is guided into the drying chamber 29 through the opening 39a. Note that the opening degree of the first louver damper 43 can also be set to an intermediate opening degree between fully closed and fully open, and part of the combustion gas and the like can be made to flow into the drying chamber 29, and the remaining combustion gas can be made to flow downstream of the first chimney 39 and discharged to the outside.

[0058] The above-described partition damper 41 and first louver damper 43 may be operated manually or may be operated according to a command from a control unit. By controlling the opening and closing of the partition damper 41 and the first louver damper 43, a desired combustion gas can be introduced into the drying chamber 29.

[0059] At the other end (the left end in FIG. 7) of the container 10 in the longitudinal direction, a second chimney (exhaust gas duct) 47 is provided. The lower end of the second chimney 47 communicates with the drying chamber 29 via a connection port 47a. A second louver damper 49 is provided in the second chimney 47. The second louver damper 49 is installed on the downstream side (the upper side in FIG. 7) of the connection port 47a with the drying chamber 29. The second louver damper 49 is configured such that a plate portion 49b rotates around a rotation axis 49a, and can obstruct or allow the flow of combustion gas or the like flowing through the second chimney 47. The state shown in FIG. 7 is a state where the second louver damper 49 is in an open state, and combustion gas or the like that has passed through the drying chamber 29 flows through the second chimney 47 and is exhausted to the outside. Note that the opening degree of the second louver damper 49 can also be set to an intermediate opening degree between fully closed and fully open. The second louver damper 49 may be operated manually or by a command from a control unit.

[0060] In addition, the lower part of the second chimney 47 may be extended downward and connected to the furnace bottom flue 14. Thereby, combustion gas or the like can be discharged from the furnace bottom flue 14 to the outside through the second chimney 47. In this case, it is preferable to install a partition damper that partitions the furnace bottom flue 14 and the second chimney 47.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 9, the ceiling part of the container 10 is configured to be open. Specifically, the ceiling part 10c of the container 10 can be opened and closed via a hinge 10d. FIG. 9 shows the open state of the ceiling part 10c, and FIG. 8 shows the closed state of the ceiling part 10c. The opening and closing of the ceiling part 10c may be performed manually or by a command from a control unit.

[0062] Note that, as shown in FIG. 7, an inlet 23 for taking in air is provided on the side surface of the container 10 at a position corresponding to the upper part of the carbonization chamber 30. Also, as shown in FIG. 7, the reference numeral 45 shown below the fire grate 12 in the furnace bottom flue 14 is an ignition burner (or an insertion port for the ignition burner) used when igniting the material to be carbonized W.

[0063] Next, a method of using the carbonization furnace 1B having the above configuration will be described. First, the material to be carbonized W is charged into the drying chamber 29 of the container 10 using a crane 3c (see Fig. 1). As shown in Fig. 9, the material to be carbonized W is charged from the upper surface of the container 10 with the ceiling portion 10c open. After charging the material to be carbonized W into the container 10, the ceiling portion 10c is closed to close the upper surface of the container 10 as shown in Fig. 8. At this time, the partition plate 35 is in the closed state shown in Fig. 7, and the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 are partitioned. Therefore, the material to be carbonized W before drying charged into the container 10 is placed on the upper surface of the horizontally arranged partition plate 35.

[0064] The material to be carbonized W placed in the carbonization chamber 30 is carbonized while being placed on the fire grate 12. At the start of the carbonization process, the material to be carbonized W is ignited by an ignition burner 45 (see Fig. 7) provided near the fire grate 12. After ignition, the carbonization process is maintained by the combustion heat of the material to be carbonized W. In the carbonization process, air is introduced into the carbonization chamber 30 from the inlet 23 shown in Fig. 7, and carbonization is carried out at a desired oxygen concentration with oxygen deficiency. The material to be carbonized W that has been dried in the drying chamber 29 is charged into the carbonization chamber 30.

[0065] In the drying chamber 29, the drying process is carried out by introducing combustion gas or the like from the first chimney 39. The combustion gas or the like generated in the carbonization process in the carbonization chamber 30 is guided to the lower furnace bottom flue 14 and then flows from below to above the first chimney 39 (arrow A21). Then, when the first louver damper 43 is fully closed and the partition damper 41 is fully open, the combustion gas or the like flows from the first chimney 39 to the drying chamber 29 (arrow A22). The combustion gas guided to the drying chamber 29 heats and dries the material to be carbonized W while flowing through the drying chamber 29. Then, it is discharged to the outside through the second chimney 47 from the drying chamber 29 (arrow A23). At this time, the second louver damper 49 provided in the second chimney 47 is fully open.

[0066] In addition, the material to be carbonized W placed on the partition plate 35 is heated through the partition plate 35 by convective heat due to combustion gas or the like generated by the carbonization reaction in the lower carbonization chamber 30 and radiant heat from the carbonization chamber 30. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the partition plate 35 may be energized to the heating portion to heat the carbide W.

[0067] When the drying process is completed, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, each partition plate 35 is rotated to drop the carbide W downward. As a result, the dried carbide W is introduced above the carbide W during the carbonization process. Thereby, the carbonization process is continuously performed.

[0068] As shown in FIG. 10, the first louver damper 43 provided in the first chimney 39 is fully opened, and the partition damper 41 is fully closed. Thereby, the combustion gas or the like flowing through the first chimney 39 is discharged to the outside as exhaust gas (arrow A24).

[0069] The partition damper 41 is fully closed, and the second louver damper 49 provided in the second chimney 47 is fully closed. Thereby, the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 become closed spaces, and the carbonization process is efficiently performed.

[0070] The end of the drying process may be determined at a predetermined time, or the control unit may determine based on the output of a temperature sensor provided in the drying chamber 29 or an analyzer that performs gas analysis. In the analysis unit, the concentration of water vapor or the like is analyzed.

[0071] Regarding the end of the carbonization process, it may be determined at a predetermined time, or the control unit may determine based on the output of a temperature sensor provided in the carbonization chamber 30 or an analyzer that performs gas analysis. In the analysis unit, the concentration of hydrocarbons such as water vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane is analyzed.

[0072] The effects of the present embodiment described above are as follows. A carbonization chamber 30 is provided below the drying chamber 29, and the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 are partitioned by a partition plate 35. When the partition plate 35 is in a closed state, the drying chamber 29 is in a closed state with respect to the carbonization chamber 30, so that the drying process can be efficiently performed. Further, by opening the partition plate 35, the drying chamber 29 can be communicated with the carbonization chamber 30. Since the drying chamber 29 can be appropriately formed by the partition plate 35 in this way, the drying chamber 29 and the carbonization chamber 30 can be made space-saving, and the apparatus can be made compact.

[0073] By guiding combustion gas etc. (exhaust gas, steam, hot air, etc.) generated in the carbonization chamber 30 to the drying chamber 29, drying in the drying chamber 29 can be efficiently performed.

[0074] A first louver damper 43 and a partition damper 41 for switching the flow of the exhaust gas in the direction to the outside or in the direction of the drying chamber 29 are provided in the first chimney 39 for discharging the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber 30 to the outside. By guiding the exhaust gas to the drying chamber 29 by the first louver damper 43 and the partition damper 41, the exhaust gas generated in the carbonization chamber 30 is guided to the drying chamber 29, so that drying in the drying chamber 29 can be effectively performed. Further, by supplying the exhaust gas from the first chimney 39 at one end in the longitudinal direction of the container 10 and discharging it from the second chimney 47 at the other end, an exhaust gas flow is generated in the longitudinal direction of the container 10, so that drying in the drying chamber 29 can be performed more effectively.

[0075] The partition plate 35 rotates around a rotation axis 37 around one side. The other side of the partition plate 35 is in a closed state when it is located above, and in an open state when it is located below. Thereby, it can be easily opened and closed by rotating the partition plate 35.

[0076] A plurality of partition plates 35 are arranged in a louver shape, and each partition plate 35 is positioned horizontally when in a closed state. Thereby, a floor portion extending horizontally can be configured, and the material to be carbonized W can be stably placed on the partition plate 35.

[0077] In this embodiment, the combustion gas or the like flowing through the first chimney 39 is switched between the outside and the drying chamber 29 by the partition damper 41 and the first louver damper 43. However, the switching damper is not limited to this, and a single plate-shaped damper may be rotated to selectively block the opening 39a and the flow path of the first chimney 39 as a switching damper.

[0078] The carbonization furnace and its control method described in each of the above-described embodiments are understood as follows, for example.

[0079] The carbonization furnace (1A, 1B) according to the first aspect of the present disclosure includes a drying chamber (29) for drying the material to be carbonized (W), a carbonization chamber (30) provided below the drying chamber (29) for carbonizing the material to be carbonized (W) dried in the drying chamber (29), and a partition plate (25, 35) for partitioning the drying chamber (29) and the carbonization chamber (30). The partition plate (25, 35) is capable of opening and closing between a closed state in which the drying chamber (29) is closed with respect to the carbonization chamber (30) and an open state in which the drying chamber (29) is communicated with the carbonization chamber (30).

[0080] A carbonization chamber is provided below the drying chamber, and the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber are partitioned by a partition plate. When the partition plate is in the closed state, the drying chamber is closed with respect to the carbonization chamber, so that the drying process can be efficiently performed. Further, by setting the partition plate in the open state, the drying chamber can be communicated with the carbonization chamber. Since the drying chamber can be appropriately formed by the partition plate in this way, the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber can be made space-saving, and the apparatus can be made compact.

[0081] The carbonization furnace (1A, 1B) according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is such that, in the first aspect, the material to be carbonized (W) dried in the drying chamber (29) is guided to the carbonization chamber (30) through a communication portion formed when the partition plate (25, 35) is in the open state.

[0082] When the partition plate is in the open state, a communication portion is formed, and the material to be carbonized dried in the drying chamber is introduced into the carbonization chamber through the communication portion.

[0083] In the carbonization furnace (1A) according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, in the first aspect or the second aspect, a partition wall portion (32) that divides the drying chamber (29) and the carbonization chamber (30) into a plurality of parts is provided, and the partition plate (25) is provided in each of the spaces divided by the partition wall portion (32).

[0084] By dividing into a plurality of spaces by the partition wall portion, the drying efficiency in the drying chamber can be improved.

[0085] In the carbonization furnace (1A, 1B) according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, in any one of the first aspect to the third aspect, the gas generated in the carbonization chamber (30) is led to the drying chamber (29).

[0086] By leading the gas (exhaust gas, steam, hot air, etc.) generated in the carbonization chamber to the drying chamber, drying in the drying chamber can be efficiently performed.

[0087] In the carbonization furnace (1A) according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure, in the fourth aspect, a bypass pipe (21) that bypasses the partition plate (25) and connects the drying chamber (29) and the carbonization chamber (30) is provided.

[0088] The drying chamber and the carbonization chamber are connected by a bypass pipe that bypasses the partition plate. Thereby, the gas generated in the carbonization chamber is led to the drying chamber, and drying in the drying chamber can be efficiently performed.

[0089] In the carbonization furnace (1A) according to the sixth aspect of the present disclosure, in the fourth aspect, an exhaust gas duct (39) that discharges exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber (30) to the outside, and a switching damper (41, 43) that switches the flow of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct (39) in the direction to the outside or the direction of the drying chamber are provided.

[0090] A switching damper for switching the flow direction of the exhaust gas to the outside or to the drying chamber is provided in the exhaust gas duct that discharges the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber to the outside. By guiding the exhaust gas generated in the carbonization chamber to the drying chamber through the switching damper, the drying in the drying chamber can be effectively performed.

[0091] The carbonization furnace (1A, 1B) according to the seventh aspect of the present disclosure, in any one of the first aspect to the sixth aspect, includes a rotating shaft (27, 37) that rotatably supports one side (25a) of the partition plate (25, 35). In the closed state, the other side (25b) of the partition plate (25, 35) located on the opposite side of the one side (25a) is located above, and in the open state, the other side (25b) is located below the open state.

[0092] The partition plate rotates around one side by a rotating shaft. The other side of the partition plate is in a closed state when located above and in an open state when located below. Thereby, it can be easily opened and closed by rotating the partition plate.

[0093] The carbonization furnace (1A) according to the eighth aspect of the present disclosure, in the seventh aspect, the partition plate (25) is inclined with respect to the horizontal when in the closed state.

[0094] Since the partition plate is inclined with respect to the horizontal in the closed state, the space of the drying chamber can be effectively used as compared with the case where the partition plate is horizontal. As the inclination angle, it is preferable that the angle does not exceed the angle of repose of the object to be dried in order to prevent the object to be dried from sliding down on the partition plate.

[0095] The carbonization furnace (1A) according to the ninth aspect of the present disclosure, in any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, the partition plate (25) includes a water passing plate (25c) that forms an upper surface on which the object to be carbonized (W) is placed and has water passing holes (25e) for allowing water to pass through in the plate thickness direction, and a water receiving plate (25d) for receiving the water that has passed through the water passing plate (25c).

[0096] By providing a water guide plate, the water generated when drying the carbide can be guided to the water receiving plate side. Since the water receiving plate is inclined in the closed state, the received water can be guided downward. As a result, the water generated during drying of the carbide can be removed from the drying chamber, and the drying efficiency can be increased.

[0097] In the carbonization furnace (1A) according to the tenth aspect of the present disclosure, in any one of the first aspect to the ninth aspect, a through hole penetrating from the carbonization chamber (30) toward the drying chamber (29) is provided in a part of the partition plate (25).

[0098] By forming a through hole in a part of the partition plate, the gas generated in the carbonization chamber can be guided to the drying chamber. As a result, even when the partition plate is in the closed state, drying can be promoted by guiding the gas from the carbonization chamber to the drying chamber. The through hole is, for example, a large number of holes. The position where the through hole is formed is preferably avoided from the position where the carbide is placed. For example, it is preferably provided in the upper part (rotation axis side) of the partition plate.

[0099] In the carbonization furnace (1A) according to the eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, in any one of the first aspect to the tenth aspect, the partition plate (25) includes a heating portion.

[0100] By providing a heating portion on the partition plate, drying of the carbide can be promoted. As the heating portion, for example, Joule heat generated by energizing a metal portion can be used.

[0101] In the carbonization furnace (1B) according to the twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, in the seventh aspect, a plurality of the partition plates (35) are arranged in a louver shape in parallel, and each of the partition plates (35) is positioned horizontally when in the closed state.

[0102] A plurality of partition plates are arranged in a louver shape, and each partition plate is positioned horizontally when in the closed state. As a result, a floor portion extending horizontally can be configured, and the carbide can be stably placed on the partition plate.

[0103] The carbonization furnace (1A, 1B) according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is attachable to a vehicle (3) in any one of the first aspect to the twelfth aspect.

[0104] The control method of the carbonization furnace (1A, 1B) according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is, in any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, a drying chamber (29) for drying the material to be carbonized (W), a carbonization chamber (30) provided below the drying chamber (29) for carbonizing the material to be carbonized (W) dried in the drying chamber (29), and a partition plate (25, 35) for partitioning the drying chamber (29) and the carbonization chamber (30). The control method of the carbonization furnace (1A, 1B) is such that the partition plate (25, 35) can be opened and closed between a closed state in which the drying chamber (29) is closed with respect to the carbonization chamber (30) and an open state in which the drying chamber (29) is communicated with the carbonization chamber (30).

[0105] The control method of the carbonization furnace (1B) according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is, in the control method of the carbonization furnace according to the first aspect, in any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, the carbonization furnace (1B) includes an exhaust gas duct (39) for discharging exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber (30) to the outside, and a switching damper (43) for switching the flow of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct (39) in the direction to the outside or in the direction of the drying chamber. During drying to dry the material to be carbonized (W), the partition plate (35) is set in the closed state, and the switching damper (43) is switched so that the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct flows in the direction of the drying chamber (29). During carbonization to carbonize the material to be carbonized (W), the partition plate (35) is set in the open state, and the switching damper (43) is switched so that the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct flows in the direction to the outside, and the carbonization chamber (30) and the drying chamber (29) are set as closed spaces.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0106] 1A Carbonization furnace 3 Vehicle 3a Loading platform 3b Trailer head 3c Crane 5 Fire extinguishing equipment 7 Crusher 9 Generator 10 Container 10a Side wall 10b Stopper 10c Ceiling part 10d Hinge 12 Fire grate 14 Furnace bottom flue 16 Chimney 17 Chimney 19 Induced draft fan 21 Bypass pipe 23 Inlet 25 Partition plate 25a One side 25b The other side 25c Upper plate part 25d Lower plate part 25e Water passing hole 25f Groove part 25g Cylindrical part 27 Rotating shaft 29 Drying chamber 30 Carbonization chamber 32 Compartment wall part 35 Partition plate 37 Rotating shaft 37a Lever part 39 First chimney (exhaust gas duct) 39a Opening 41 Partition damper 43 First louver damper (switching damper) 43a Rotating shaft 43b Plate part 45 Ignition burner 47 Second chimney (exhaust gas duct) 47a Connection port 49 Second louver damper 49a Rotating shaft 49b Plate part D Drain water W Material to be carbonized

Claims

1. A drying chamber for drying the material to be carbonized, A carbonization chamber provided below the drying chamber for carbonizing the material to be carbonized dried in the drying chamber, A partition plate separating the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber, Characterized by comprising, The partition plate is an oven that can be opened and closed between a closed state in which the drying chamber is closed with respect to the carbonization chamber and an open state in which the drying chamber is communicated with the carbonization chamber.

2. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, wherein the material to be carbonized dried in the drying chamber is guided to the carbonization chamber through a communication portion formed when the partition plate is in the open state.

3. Comprising partition wall portions for dividing the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber into a plurality of parts, The carbonization furnace according to claim 2, wherein the partition plate is provided in each of the spaces divided by the partition wall portions.

4. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, which guides the gas generated in the carbonization chamber to the drying chamber.

5. The carbonization furnace according to claim 4, wherein a bypass pipe is provided for connecting the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber bypassing the partition plate.

6. An exhaust gas duct for discharging exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber to the outside, A switching damper for switching the flow of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct in the direction to the outside or in the direction of the drying chamber, The carbonization furnace according to claim 4, comprising.

7. Comprising a rotating shaft for rotatably supporting one side of the partition plate, In the closed state, the other side of the partition plate located on the opposite side of the one side is located above, The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the open state, the other side is located below the open state.

8. The carbonization furnace according to claim 7, wherein the partition plate is inclined with respect to the horizontal when in the closed state.

9. The partition plate comprises a water passing plate that forms an upper surface on which the material to be carbonized is placed and has water passing holes for allowing water to pass through in the plate thickness direction, and a water receiving plate for receiving the water that has passed through the water passing plate. The carbonization furnace according to claim 8.

10. The carbonization furnace according to claim 8, wherein a through hole penetrating from the carbonization chamber toward the drying chamber is provided in a part of the partition plate.

11. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, wherein the partition plate is provided with a heating portion.

12. A plurality of the partition plates are arranged in a louver shape in parallel, Each of the partition plates is in a horizontal position when in the closed state. The carbonization furnace according to claim 7.

13. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, which can be attached to a vehicle.

14. A drying chamber for drying the material to be carbonized, A carbonization chamber provided below the drying chamber for carbonizing the carbonizable material dried in the drying chamber, A partition plate for partitioning the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber, A control method for a carbonization furnace comprising: The partition plate is capable of opening and closing between a closed state in which the drying chamber is closed with respect to the carbonization chamber and an open state in which the drying chamber is communicated with the carbonization chamber. A control method for a carbonization furnace.

15. The carbonization furnace includes an exhaust gas duct for discharging exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber to the outside, A switching damper for switching the flow of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct to the outside or the drying chamber, Comprising, During drying for drying the carbonizable material, the partition plate is set to the closed state, and the switching damper is switched to flow the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct in the direction of the drying chamber, During carbonization for carbonizing the carbonizable material, the partition plate is set to the open state, and the switching damper is switched to flow the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas duct in the direction of the outside, and the carbonization chamber and the drying chamber are closed spaces. The control method for a carbonization furnace according to claim 14.

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