Building material fire simulator and building material fire simulation method

Abstract

To provide a building material fire simulator capable of heating a target member while suppressing carbon dioxide emission.SOLUTION: A building material fire simulator 1 for heating a target member 100, comprises: an electric heating part 21 for heating the target member 100.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a building fire simulator and a method for simulating a building fire. [Background technology]

[0002] A building material fire simulator that heats a floor beam (target member) in a heating furnace has been known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The building material fire simulator measures the deflection deformation of the floor beam while a vertical load is applied to the floor beam. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6332505 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, in the building material fire simulator disclosed in Patent Document 1, floor beams are heated by burning flammable gas, which poses a problem of large amounts of carbon dioxide being emitted from the building material fire simulator during testing.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems, and aims to provide a building material fire simulator and a building material fire simulation method that can heat target components while suppressing carbon dioxide emissions. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means. (1) A first aspect of the present invention is a building material fire simulator for heating a target material, the building material fire simulator having an electric heating unit for heating the target material. In this invention, the heating unit is electric and operates by applying a voltage, so the target material can be heated while reducing carbon dioxide emissions compared to, for example, heating the target material by burning a flammable gas.

[0007] (2) A second aspect of the present invention may be the building material fire simulator according to (1), wherein the heating unit has a carbon lamp heater. For example, a carbon lamp heater emits infrared rays using a carbon fiber heating element. In this invention, for example, the carbon lamp heater can heat the target member multiple times to temperatures exceeding 700°C.

[0008] (3) Aspect 3 of the present invention may be a building material fire simulator described in (2), in which the heating section has a plurality of the carbon lamp heaters, and the plurality of carbon lamp heaters are arranged in a row around a predetermined axis. In this invention, for example, when the target member is arranged on the axis, the target member can be heated more uniformly (almost uniformly) around the axis compared to when multiple carbon lamp heaters are not arranged in a row around the axis.

[0009] (4) Aspect 4 of the present invention is directed to a method for heating a heating element, wherein the target member is a shaft-shaped member, and the target member is provided with a plurality of heating units each having the heating portion, and the plurality of heating units are arranged side by side along a predetermined axis line, The building material fire simulator may be one described in any one of (1) to (3), wherein a pair of the heating units adjacent to each other in the axial direction are connected to each other so as to be able to swing. In this invention, for example, when a shaft-shaped member arranged along a horizontal plane is heated while a downward load is applied to the shaft-shaped member, the shaft-shaped member bends so as to become convex downward. Even in this case, the multiple heating units can deform in accordance with the bent shaft-shaped member.

[0010] (5) A fifth aspect of the present invention may be the building material fire simulator according to (4), wherein each of the heating units has a unit control unit that controls the heating unit of the heating unit. In this invention, the temperature of the shaft-shaped member can be controlled at a plurality of positions in the axial direction of the shaft-shaped member.

[0011] (6) Aspect 6 of the present invention may be a building material fire simulator described in (4) or (5), in which each of the heating units has a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the axial member, and is equipped with a control unit that controls the heating section of the heating unit based on the detection result of the temperature sensor. In this invention, the heating of the shaft-shaped member can be controlled while feeding back the temperature of the shaft-shaped member using the temperature sensor.

[0012] (7) A seventh aspect of the present invention is a method for simulating a building material fire by heating a target material, in which the target material is heated by an electric heating unit. In this invention, the heating unit is electric and operates by applying electric power, so that the target member can be heated while reducing carbon dioxide emissions compared to, for example, heating the target member by burning a flammable gas. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The building material fire simulator of the present invention can heat the target material while suppressing carbon dioxide emissions. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view of a building material fire simulator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A1-A1 in FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a side view of the heating unit of the building material fire simulator. [Figure 4] FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A2-A2 in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the main parts of the building material fire simulator. [Figure 7] 1 is a diagram illustrating a method for simulating a building material fire according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A5-A5 in FIG. 7. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the building material fire simulation method. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the building material fire simulation method. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the building material fire simulation method. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the building material fire simulation method. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the building material fire simulation method. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the change in temperature of the beam in the heating unit with respect to heating time. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the change in temperature of the beam outside the heating unit with respect to heating time. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes in the surface temperature of the heating unit with respect to heating time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a building material fire simulator and a building material fire simulating method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the building material fire simulator 1 of this embodiment is a device for heating a concrete piece-attached beam (target member, shaft-shaped member) 100. Note that Fig. 2 does not show an upper frame 36, which will be described later. First, the concrete beam 100 will be described below.

[0016] For example, the concrete piece beam 100 comprises a beam 101 and a plurality of concrete pieces 106 . The beam 101 is a steel member formed from an H-shaped steel beam. The beam 101 has an upper flange 102, a lower flange 103, and a web 104. The upper flange 102 is positioned higher than the lower flange 103. The web 104 is joined to the center of the width of the upper flange 102 and the center of the width of the lower flange 103, respectively. The beam 101 extends in the direction of the first axis O1. The term "shaft-shaped member" used here refers to a member that extends along an axis such as the first axis O1.

[0017] For example, each concrete piece 106 is formed into a flat plate shape using ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Aerated Concrete). The multiple concrete pieces 106 are arranged side by side in the first axis O1 direction on the upper flange 102 of the beam 101. A gap is formed between each pair of concrete pieces 106 adjacent to each other in the first axis O1 direction. The multiple concrete pieces 106 are fixed to the upper flange 102 of the beam 101. The concrete pieces 106 simulate a slab. In this example, the beam 100 with concrete pieces is a beam 101 with concrete pieces 106. The beam 100 with concrete pieces is transported by a crane 110 using wires 111 attached to both ends of the beam 101 in the direction of the first axis O1.

[0018] In the beam 100 with concrete pieces, the multiple concrete pieces 106 are divided in the direction of the first axis O1, making it difficult for the multiple concrete pieces 106 to support compressive stress, and the beam 101 becomes more prone to deformation, making it possible to evaluate the fire resistance performance of the beam 101 alone.

[0019] Next, the building material fire simulator 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the building material fire simulator 1 includes a plurality of heating units 10 and a main control unit 45. 3 to 5, each heating unit 10 has a main body 11, a heating section 21, a thermocouple (temperature sensor) 26, a unit control section 31, and an upper frame 36. The multiple unit control sections 31 and the main control section 45 constitute a control section 50 (see FIG. 1). As shown in FIG. 5, the main body 11 has a lower frame 12, casters 13, and a heat insulating material 14. The lower frame 12 has a bottom wall 17 and side walls 18 and 19 . The bottom wall 17 is formed in a flat plate shape and is disposed so that the thickness direction of the bottom wall 17 is aligned with the vertical direction.

[0020] The side wall 18 extends upward from a first widthwise side of the bottom wall 17. The side wall 19 extends upward from a second widthwise side of the bottom wall 17. The upper end of the side wall 19 is at approximately the same height as the upper end of the side wall 18. The side walls 18 and 19 face each other in the widthwise direction. The lower frame 12, which has a bottom wall 17 and side walls 18, 19, is formed in a U-shape as a whole, with openings on the upper side and on both sides in the direction of the second axis (axis) O2. The bottom wall 17 and the side walls 18, 19 are made of square steel pipes or the like.

[0021] The casters 13 are disposed below the bottom wall 17. The casters 13 are fixed to the bottom wall 17. The heat insulating material 14 is arranged so that heat, which will be described later and is generated inside the lower frame 12, does not leak to the outside of the lower frame 12. For example, the heat insulating material 14 is arranged on both end portions of the inner surfaces of the bottom wall 17 and the side walls 18 and 19 in the direction of the second axis O2. The insulating material 14 can be formed, for example, from a high temperature insulating board made from a fibrous material.

[0022] The heating unit 21 is electric. That is, the heating unit 21 operates when power is applied. The heating unit 21 heats the concrete beam 100. The heating unit 21 has multiple carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, and 24. The carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, and 24 are mid-infrared lamp heaters that use a carbon-based heating element and have a peak wavelength in the mid-infrared range. The carbon lamp heater 22 is disposed above the bottom wall 17 and is fixed to the side walls 18 and 19. The carbon lamp heater 23 is disposed closer to the side wall 19 than the side wall 18 and is fixed to the side wall 18. The carbon lamp heater 24 is disposed closer to the side wall 18 than the side wall 19 and is fixed to the side wall 19. In this way, the carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, 24 are arranged side by side around the second axis O2. Between the carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, 24, there are formed gaps in which the beams 101 of the concrete piece beams 100 can be placed.

[0023] A first end of the thermocouple 26 is connected to the unit control unit 31. A second end of the thermocouple 26, opposite the first end, is connected to the concrete beam 100. The thermocouple 26 detects the temperature of the concrete beam 100. In this example, the first end of the thermocouple 26 is connected to the unit control unit 31 and the main control unit 45 via an extension wiring (not shown). Although not shown, the unit control section 31 has a power supply section and a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The power supply is connected to the carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, and 24 and supplies power to the carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, and 24. The CPU is connected to the power supply and controls the power supply.

[0024] The upper frame 36 is disposed above the side walls 18, 19 of the main body 11. The upper frame 36 is detachably attached to the side walls 18, 19 with bolts or the like. The upper frame 36 is a frame for suspension. As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of heating units 10 are arranged side by side along the second axis O2. 6, the lower frames 12 of a pair of heating units 10 adjacent to each other in the direction of the second axis O2 are connected to each other by a hinge 40. A rotation axis O5 defined by the hinge 40 extends along the water surface and is perpendicular to the second axis O2 in a plan view. That is, the pair of heating units 10 adjacent to each other in the direction of the second axis O2 are connected to each other so as to be able to swing relative to each other about the rotation axis O5.

[0025] Although not shown, the main control unit 45 has an A / D converter, a CPU, etc. The main control unit 45 is connected to the unit control units 31 of the multiple heating units 10. The main control unit 45 controls the multiple unit control units 31. A first end of the thermocouple 26 is connected to the A / D converter via an extension wire. The A / D converter converts a signal such as a potential difference output from the thermocouple 26 into a digital signal. The A / D converter outputs the converted digital signal to a CPU. The CPU is connected to the A / D converter.

[0026] The main control unit 45 controls the heating units 21 of the heating units 10 based on the detection results of the thermocouples 26 of the multiple heating units 10. Note that the unit control unit 31 of each heating unit 10 may control the heating unit 21 of that heating unit 10 based on the detection results of the thermocouples 26.

[0027] Next, the building material fire simulation method of this embodiment will be described. First, as shown in Fig. 1, the operator arranges the heating units 10 of the building material fire simulator 1 along the second axis O2 on the support surface F. At this time, the upper frame 36 is not attached to the main body 11 of each of the heating units 10. Next, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the concrete piece beams 100 are hoisted into the bodies 11 of the multiple heating units 10 of the building material fire simulator 1 using a crane 110. Specifically, the multiple concrete pieces 106 of the composite beam 100 are placed on the lower frames 12 of the multiple heating units 10. The beams 101 of the concrete piece beams 100 are placed in the lower frames 12. The first axis O1 of the beams 101 of the concrete piece beams 100 is positioned so as to align with the second axis O2 of the building material fire simulator 1. The second end of the thermocouple 26 of the heating unit 10 is attached to the beam 101 or the like of the concrete beam 100 . The upper frame 36 is attached to the main body 11. The upper frame 36, together with the main body 11, sandwiches the multiple concrete pieces 106 of the concrete piece beam 100 in the vertical direction.

[0028] Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the concrete piece beam 100 and the plurality of heating units 10 are lifted up by a crane 110. Next, as shown in Fig. 10, the concrete piece beam 100 is placed on the support frame 115 (see the two-dot chain line in Fig. 10). A loading device 116, a pantograph 117, measuring equipment (not shown), and additional heat insulating material are attached to the concrete piece beam 100. A hydraulic jack or the like is used as the loading device 116. For example, the loading device 116 can apply a load downward to the beam 101 of the beam 100 with concrete pieces. The pantograph 117 restrains the concrete piece beam 100 from rotating around the first axis O1. For example, the measuring device is a displacement sensor. The measuring device measures the displacement of the concrete piece beam 100.

[0029] Next, the main control unit 45 is operated to start heating the beam with concrete pieces 100. For example, after the beam with concrete pieces 100 is heated by the heating units 21 of the multiple heating units 10, a load is applied to the composite beam 100 by the loading device 116. Alternatively, after a load is applied to the beam with concrete pieces 100 by the loading device 116, the beam with concrete pieces 100 is heated by the heating units 21 of the multiple heating units 10. In the method for simulating a building material fire, the composite beam 100 is heated by the heating unit 21. When heating the composite beam 100, for example, the main control unit 45 transmits a target temperature to the unit control units 31 of the multiple heating units 10. Each unit control unit 31 performs feedback control on the heating unit 21 so that the detection result of the thermocouple 26 coincides with the target temperature.

[0030] 10, the concrete piece beam 100 bends so as to be convex downward. The multiple heating units 10 deform, following the bent concrete piece beam 100, with the hinges 40 as the axis of rotation. The deformation of the concrete piece beam 100 is measured by measuring equipment. Next, the beam with concrete pieces 100 is left to cool for a certain period of time. The loading device 116, the pantograph 117, the measuring equipment, and the heat insulating material are removed from the beam with concrete pieces 100. As shown in FIG. 11, a crane 110 lifts the concrete beam 100 and the plurality of heating units 10 .

[0031] 12, the heating units 10 at both ends in the direction of the second axis O2 are placed on the stand 120. The upper frames 36 are removed from the bodies 11 of the heating units 10 at both ends. The hinges 40 are removed from the heating units 10 as appropriate. As shown in Fig. 13, the concrete piece beam 100 and the plurality of heating units 10 are lifted by a crane 110. By repeating the steps of Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, all of the heating units 10 are removed from the concrete piece beam 100. The above steps complete the entire process of the building material fire simulation method.

[0032] Next, test results using the building material fire simulator 1 and the building material fire simulating method of this embodiment will be described. The building material fire simulator 1 was assumed to be equipped with one heating unit 10. The length of the heating unit 10 in the direction of the second axis O2 was set to 1000 mm, and the length of the composite beam 100 (beam 101) in the direction of the first axis O1 was set to 3000 mm. The lengths of the composite beam 100 protruding from within the heating unit 10 on both sides in the direction of the second axis O2 were set to be equal to each other.

[0033] FIG. 14 shows the temperature of the beam 101 in the heating unit 10 versus heating time. In FIG. 14, the horizontal axis represents the heating time (minutes), and the vertical axis represents the temperature (°C) of the beam 101 in the heating unit 10. FIG. 14 also shows the temperatures of the upper flange 102, lower flange 103, and web 104 of the beam 101. In this test, the web 104 of the beam 101 in the heating unit 10 was heated to 700°C. It was found that within the heating unit 10, each portion of the beam 101 could be heated to a temperature exceeding 600°C.

[0034] 15 shows the temperature of the beam 101 outside the heating unit 10 versus the heating time. In Fig. 15, the horizontal axis represents the heating time (minutes), and the vertical axis represents the temperature (°C) of the beam 101 outside the heating unit 10. Line L6 represents the temperature at a position on the beam 101 that is 300 mm away from the main body 11 of the heating unit 10 on either side in the direction of the second axis O2. Line L7 represents the temperature at a position on the beam 101 that is 600 mm away from the main body 11 of the heating unit 10 on either side in the direction of the second axis O2. Line L8 represents the temperature at each end position of the beam 101 in the direction of the second axis O2. It was found that the temperature of the beam 101 inside the heating unit 10 exceeded 600° C., whereas the temperature of the beam 101 outside the heating unit 10 was lower.

[0035] Fig. 16 shows the surface temperature of the heating unit 10 versus the heating time. In Fig. 16, the horizontal axis represents the heating time (minutes), and the vertical axis represents the surface temperature of the heating unit 10 (°C). Line L11 represents the temperature of the top surface of the concrete piece 106 inside the heating unit 10. Line L12 represents the temperature of the side surface of the heating unit 10 facing the second axis O2 (the side surface visible when the heating unit 10 is viewed along the second axis O2). Line L13 represents the temperature of the side surface of the heating unit 10 that is along the horizontal plane and faces the second axis O2 (the side surface on which the unit control unit 31 is attached). It was found that the temperature of the beam 101 in the heating unit 10 exceeded 600° C., whereas the surface temperature of the heating unit 10 was low.

[0036] As described above, in the building material fire simulator 1 of this embodiment, the heating unit 21 is electric and operates by applying electric power. Therefore, compared to, for example, heating a composite beam 100 by burning flammable gas, it is possible to heat the concrete beam 100 while suppressing carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, compared to heating a composite beam 100 by burning flammable gas, it is possible to heat the concrete beam 100 more quickly, improving temperature tracking. For example, when heating the concrete beam 100 by burning flammable gas, a separate device is required for post-treatment of the exhaust gas. In contrast, the building material fire simulator 1 of this embodiment does not burn gas, so no device for post-treatment of the exhaust gas is required. The heating section also has a carbon lamp heater 22. Therefore, the carbon lamp heater 22 can heat the concrete piece beam 100 to a temperature exceeding 700°C many times.

[0037] The carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, 24 are arranged in a line around the second axis O2. Therefore, when the concrete piece-attached beam 100 is placed on the second axis O2, the concrete piece-attached beam 100 can be heated more uniformly around the second axis O2 than when the multiple carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, 24 are not arranged in a line around the second axis O2. A pair of heating units 10 adjacent to each other along the second axis O2 are connected to each other so that they can swing. Therefore, for example, when a beam with concrete pieces 100 arranged along a horizontal plane is heated while a load is applied downward, the beam with concrete pieces 100 bends so as to become convex downward. Even in this case, the multiple heating units 10 can deform in accordance with the bent beam with concrete pieces 100.

[0038] Each heating unit 10 has a unit control section 31. Therefore, the temperature of the concrete piece beam 100 can be controlled at multiple positions in the direction of the second axis O2 of the concrete piece beam 100. Furthermore, even when temperature control is aimed at achieving a temperature drop that is more gradual than natural cooling (natural air cooling), the temperature control can be achieved by allowing the heating section 21 to heat while allowing the beam to cool naturally. Each heating unit 10 has a thermocouple 26, and the unit control unit 31 controls the heating unit 21 based on the detection results of the thermocouple 26. This makes it possible to control the heating of the concrete piece beam 100 while feeding back the temperature of the concrete piece beam 100 via the thermocouple 26.

[0039] In addition, in the building material fire simulation method of this embodiment, the heating unit 21 is electric and operates by applying power. Therefore, compared to heating a concrete beam 100 by burning a flammable gas, for example, it is possible to heat the composite beam 100 while suppressing carbon dioxide emissions.

[0040] Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and configuration changes, combinations, deletions, etc. are also included within the scope that does not deviate from the gist of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the temperature sensor is the thermocouple 26, but the temperature sensor is not limited to this and may be a non-contact temperature sensor or the like.

[0041] The heating section may have one of carbon lamp heaters 22, 23, and 24. In addition to the carbon lamp heater, the heating section may also have an electric sheath heater or the like. Each heating unit 10 may not have the main body 11, the thermocouple 26, the unit control section 31, and the upper frame 36. The number of heating units 10 provided in the building material fire simulator 1 is not limited, and may be one, or two or more. Although the target member is described as being a shaft-shaped member, the shape of the target member does not have to be a shape that extends along an axis, such as a spherical shape. [Explanation of symbols]

[0042] 1. Building Material Fire Simulator 10 Heating unit 21 Heating section 22, 23, 24 Carbon lamp heater 26 Thermocouple (temperature sensor) 31 Unit control section 50 control section 100 Concrete beam with pieces (target member, axial member) O2 2nd axis (axis)

Claims

1. A building material fire simulator that heats a target material, A building material fire simulator having an electric heating unit that heats the target material.

2. The building material fire simulator according to claim 1 , wherein the heating unit includes a carbon lamp heater.

3. the heating unit has a plurality of the carbon lamp heaters, 3. The building material fire simulator according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of carbon lamp heaters are arranged side by side around a predetermined axis.

4. the target member is a shaft-shaped member, a plurality of heating units each having the heating section; The plurality of heating units are arranged side by side along a predetermined axis, The building material fire simulator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pair of the heating units adjacent to each other in the axial direction are connected to each other so as to be able to swing.

5. The building material fire simulator according to claim 4 , wherein each of the heating units has a unit control unit that controls the heating unit.

6. Each of the heating units has a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the shaft-shaped member, The building material fire simulator according to claim 5 , further comprising a control unit that controls the heating unit of the heating unit based on a detection result of the temperature sensor.

7. A method for simulating a building material fire by heating a target component, comprising: A method for simulating a building material fire, in which the target material is heated by an electric heating unit.

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