Power amplification, storage and regeneration system and method using tides, waves and / or wind

Abstract

To provide systems used for power generation by harnessing tides.SOLUTION: Methods, systems and apparatuses include systems and methods that can be used for operating a water turbine in combination with a system. The system includes a plurality of tidal estuaries 10 and flow channels 13 created by human activity for power generation, and further includes a plurality of man-made dams communicating with at least some of the tidal estuaries 10 and the flow channels 13. An inlet to and an outlet from man-made dams have water turbines having turbine rotors.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This document relates generally to, but is not limited to, systems and techniques for power generation and power recovery by harnessing tidal, wave, and / or wind energy in various combinations. [Background technology]

[0002] Current systems for generating electricity can include turbines that harness energy from flowing water and / or wind energy and convert it into electricity. River currents have been used for centuries to perform a variety of tasks. Turbines such as those used in conjunction with weirs are known. However, the outflow from the weir varies based on the water level behind the weir. When the water level behind the weir is low, the outflow from the weir can be blocked for significant periods of time. Existing wind turbines experience periods when wind conditions necessitate shutdown. Similarly, tidal turbines and other wave-based systems are known, but suffer from periodic downtime during which energy extraction is reduced or impossible.

[0003] In these drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe like components in different views. Like numerals with different letter suffixes may represent different instances of like components. These drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in this document. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] A highly schematic diagram of an artificially created tidal estuary with a power generation system including one or more hydrokinetic turbines capable of deriving power from the flow of water exiting the estuary. [Figure 1A] A highly schematic diagram of a system of several staggered tidal estuaries. [Figure 2] A highly schematic diagram of another system of several tidal estuaries arranged in parallel. [Figure 3A] Figure 1 shows a cross section of an example of the entrance area to an estuary at high tide and a filled estuary. [Figure 3B] FIG. 1 is a cross-section of an inlet area at low tide, where water that enters the estuary at high tide is retained within the estuary by a lock or weir or other water flow regulator. [Figure 3C] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the inlet area during emptying of water from the river mouth through a hydro turbine for power generation. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a high-level schematic diagram of a system, such as one for a reservoir that includes a drum that can be selectively raised and lowered into the reservoir to change the water level in the reservoir. [Figure 5] 2 is a schematic diagram of a weir that can include various components of the system of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. [Figure 6A] 1A-1D are schematic diagrams of various examples of devices that can be used as water turbines or wave power generators as contemplated herein. [Figure 6B] 1A-1D are schematic diagrams of various examples of devices that can be used as water turbines or wave power generators as contemplated herein. [Figure 6C] 1A-1D are schematic diagrams of various examples of devices that can be used as water turbines or wave power generators as contemplated herein. [Figure 6D] 1A-1D are schematic diagrams of various examples of devices that can be used as water turbines or wave power generators as contemplated herein. [Figure 6E] 1A-1D are schematic diagrams of various examples of devices that can be used as water turbines or wave power generators as contemplated herein. [Figure 7A] 1 is a perspective view of a further example of a device operable as a wave power generator, according to one embodiment; FIG. [Figure 7B] 1 is a perspective view of a further example of a device that can act as a wave power generator, according to one embodiment. FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wave bouncing off the wall of an obstacle, according to one embodiment. [Figure 9]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a naturally occurring tidal estuary that may be artificially constructed for power generation according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a naturally occurring tidal estuary that may be artificially constructed for power generation according to one embodiment. [Figure 11] 1 is a perspective view of a turbine according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 illustrates a system diagram of a turbine including a power split transmission coupling for regeneration, according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a variable power split transmission coupling according to one embodiment. [Figure 14] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary power split transmission coupling. [Figure 15A] 1 illustrates a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system according to an example of the present application. [Figure 15B] FIG. 15B shows the system of FIG. 15A with the water flow capture device shown in cross section. [Figure 15C] FIG. 15B shows a plan view of the front end of the water flow capture device along with other components of the system of FIG. 15A. [Figure 15D] 15B is a top view of a water flow capture device with a diversion gate articulated in a first position, along with some of the components of the system of FIG. 15A. FIG. [Figure 15E] 15B is a top view of the water flow capture device with the diversion gate articulated in a second position, along with some of the components of the system of FIG. 15A. FIG. [Figure 15F] 15B is a top view of the water flow capture device with the diversion gate articulated in a third position, along with some of the components of the system of FIG. 15A. FIG. [Figure 16A] FIG. 15B is a schematic diagram of a tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system similar to FIG. 15A during power storage (charging) mode of operation. [Figure 16B] FIG. 16B is a highly schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 16A during a power storage (charging) mode of operation. [Figure 16C]FIG. 16B is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 16A in a regenerative (discharge) mode of operation. [Figure 16D] FIG. 16D is a highly schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 16C in a regenerative (discharge) mode of operation. [Figure 17A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system according to an example of the present application. [Figure 17B] FIG. 17B is a plan view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system of FIG. 17A. [Figure 17C] FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system of FIG. 17A. [Figure 18] FIG. 17B illustrates the operation of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A during high tide. [Figure 19] FIG. 17B illustrates the operation of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A capturing water during low tide. [Figure 20] 17B illustrates the operation of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A to release water during low tides and / or neap tides. [Figure 21] 17A is a highly schematic diagram of several tidal estuary systems with tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration systems. [Figure 22] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for filling and emptying a reservoir using a drum that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to vary the water level within the reservoir. [Figure 23] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an alternative process for filling and emptying a reservoir using a drum that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to vary the water level within the reservoir. [Figure 24A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system according to an example of the present application. [Figure 24B] FIG. 24B is a plan view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system of FIG. [Figure 24C] FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage, and regeneration system of FIG. 24A. [Figure 25]1 is a perspective view of a wave power generation system including a water turbine and other components and features according to an example of the present application. FIG. [Figure 26A] 24B is a plan view of a system of several tidal estuaries, including the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 24A and the wave power generation system of FIG. 25, according to an example of the present application. [Figure 26B] FIG. 26B is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 26A. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tidal power generation system that uses multiple artificial weirs and naturally occurring or partially artificial islands to create an estuary for the power generation, storage, and regeneration system as discussed herein. [Figure 28] 27 shows the naturally occurring tidal estuary of FIG. 9 artificially constructed for power generation using multiple artificial weirs according to the principles of FIG. 27. [Figure 29] FIG. 1 illustrates a system that includes a plurality of artificially created tidal estuaries and channels for power generation, and further includes a plurality of artificial weirs in communication with at least some of the tidal estuaries and channels. [Figure 30] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a system including a plurality of artificially created tidal estuaries and channels for power generation, and further including a plurality of artificial weirs in communication with at least some of the tidal estuaries and channels. [Figure 31] FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 30. [Figure 32] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system including multiple doors / sluice gates that can be used with any of the systems described above, where one or more of the multiple doors can have variable heights that can be raised and lowered as desired to control water flow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present application relates to systems and techniques for turbine-based power storage and power recovery using tidal, wave, and / or wind energy in various combinations. As used herein, the term "turbine" can mean either a wind turbine or a hydrodynamic turbine, unless otherwise specified. The term "estuary" should not be limited to the mouth of a river or other naturally occurring tidal location. The term "estuary" can be a fully or partially artificial location on a tidal shelf that receives tidal energy. The following detailed description includes examples that are intended to be illustrative of the subject matter disclosed herein but are in no way intended to be limiting. Features and steps described with respect to one or more examples may be combined with the subject matter of other examples and methods provided in this disclosure. The following examples are sufficient to enable one skilled in the art to implement the systems and techniques described in the following detailed description.

[0006] The inventors have recognized, inter alia, that a problem to be solved is the lack of consistency in relying solely on green energy power, such as hydroelectric power, wind power, or other renewable energy sources (where the absence of wind or strong gusts may limit power generation opportunities). The inventors have further recognized, inter alia, that tidal energy, especially in estuaries, can be harnessed in a variety of predictable ways. The inventors propose various modalities that allow a combination of tidal, wind, and / or wave energy to be harvested, stored, and reused in various methodologies, thereby enabling reliable, underutilized energy sources (wind, wave, solar, etc.) that can be used to complement each other.

[0007] The inventors have also recognized that tidal estuaries and tidal shelves offer potential untapped land. In these areas, large tides occur along with largely untapped kinetic energy. The inventors have further recognized that estuaries, and particularly islands, channels, and other features therein, can be constructed (and / or, indeed, weirs can be created) to facilitate turbine energy capture for power generation. For example, artificial weirs and / or islands can be created by constructing the estuary using heavy machinery, concrete, etc., to create a manufacturable waterway. Various other concepts include constructing shelves leading to the estuary, creating obstacles such as islands, locks, and weirs, and creating tunnels. These tunnels can be at various locations along the riverbank and can extend through obstacles such as islands as needed. Turbines (both hydrodynamic and wind) can also be installed in tunnels, on the riverbanks, and at various locations along (and within) the waterway. Advantageously, the tunnel or channel can be constructed in a venturi shape to efficiently concentrate and accelerate tidal flows (especially outflows) as needed. As discussed in more detail later in the remainder of this application, the turbines, and indeed hydrokinetic turbines and other devices disclosed herein, can be combined with one or more power generation systems. It should be noted that while power generation and / or regeneration systems are discussed as utilizing tidal, wave, and / or wind turbines in combination, the examples contemplate the use of only one or two forms of this energy. Thus, in some instances, tidal power generation need not be supplemented with wind (and / or wave) power generation. Similarly, if wind conditions are optimal, wind power generation need not be supplemented with tidal (and / or wave) power generation. The hydrokinetic power generation and other regeneration systems discussed herein exemplify systems, devices, and principles that can be used with tidal power generation and / or regeneration systems, such as river power generation. Thus, rather than tidal currents turning the blades of one or more turbines, water, such as river currents, turns the blades of one or more turbines.Other aspects and components of the power and other regeneration systems discussed herein may also be maintained and utilized with the power generation and / or regeneration systems discussed herein.

[0008] In some cases, power generated by turbines (whether hydro, wind, wave, or a combination of both) can be stored as energy in batteries and / or batteries. In further embodiments, the energy can be used for hydrogen production, supplying the power grid, and other purposes. Creations added to the estuary and / or ocean floor (shelf) to create channels (variously including, depending on the terraforming techniques discussed herein, weirs, reservoirs, locks, etc.) can concentrate water flow, as discussed herein. Such creations to create channels can include the creation of riverbanks, islands, weirs, etc., thereby creating complex channel geometries (e.g., a restricted section, a more open section followed by a second restricted section). Further concepts include the use of adjustable flow control valves or other features, such as reservoirs, locks, and reservoirs, that allow the flow of water to be precisely controlled to bypass the turbines so that the flow of water through the turbines is at a desired velocity. When tidal flows are high, flow control valves, sluice gates, offflows and overflows can be opened to reduce the flow rate and slow the velocity of the water in the channel as it reaches the turbines.

[0009] The inventors have also recognized a hydrodynamic turbine that can utilize or be installed in an artificial venturi device. Such a venturi device can be constructed from metal, plastic, concrete, or other suitable materials, such as tubing. The venturi device allows tidal flow (particularly outflow) to enter the device, pass through it, enter a venturi section, and exit the device. The flow can rotate one or more turbines within the venturi section.

[0010] It is understood that gusty winds or fast water flows that cause overspeed conditions can vary in speed and amount. Similarly, tidal currents (referred to herein as flows) can vary in speed and amount. The inventors recognize the need to limit / meter this energy. Additionally, various storage methods and regenerative applications are contemplated. Generally, the techniques discussed herein attempt to minimize instances where the rotor speed exceeds the rated speed (maximum power rating) of a generator in the turbine when capturing power with the turbine rotor, such as to generate power. The present subject matter can help provide a solution to this problem, for example, by including power-split transmission couplings, flywheel(s), and other devices in the turbine system. The systems and methods disclosed herein can store energy for use during periods of low turbine rotor speed or for capture and storage when energy generation is too rapid (exceeding the generator's rated speed). During periods when the rotor speed is below the rated speed, the system can operate in a regenerative mode. For example, the turbine can include one or more motors or flywheels operably coupled to a generator. To increase power generation during periods of operation below rated speed, previously stored energy can be applied to the motor or one or more flywheels. A power split transmission coupling can be operably coupled to the turbine rotor by an input shaft and to the generator by an output shaft. The power split transmission coupling can be configured to transmit rotor torque to the output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio of the input shaft. The power split transmission coupling can divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, a threshold torque, or a threshold angular velocity. By diverting hydraulic fluid, the power delivered to the generator, and therefore the power generated by the generator, can be regulated. Power generated by the generator during off-peak or other conditions can also be stored in a battery for later use.

[0011] A hydraulic fluid storage vessel, such as an accumulator, can be configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure. The turbine system can include at least one hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor can include a motor output and can be configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to generate torque at the motor output in response. A generator can be operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output to generate electrical power in response to at least one of the torque applied by the output shaft, the torque applied by the motor output, or both.

[0012] In one example, a power split transmission coupling includes an input shaft coupled to a turbine rotor. The input shaft can rotate in response to rotor torque. The output shaft can rotate at an output speed. The power split coupling can include a cam ring and a hub disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft. Hydraulic fluid can be disposed between the cam ring and the hub. The hub can include a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein. The vanes can be configured to be movable, such as between a retracted position, a fully extended position, or any partially extended position therebetween. In the retracted position, the input shaft can rotate independently relative to the output shaft. In one or more extended positions, the plurality of vanes are configured to actuate hydraulic fluid to transmit torque from the input shaft to the output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio. The power split transmission coupling includes an inlet port communicatively coupled to a hydraulic fluid source. Hydraulic fluid can be transported from the hydraulic fluid source to the power split transmission coupling. The power split transmission coupling can include an outlet port having a closed configuration and an at least partially open configuration. Hydraulic fluid can be released from the power split transmission coupling through the outlet port in response to power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power. The released hydraulic fluid can exit the power split transmission coupling and be stored under pressure.

[0013] Tidal and / or wind conditions may be transient and / or inconsistent (in the case of wind), and in one example, the power split transmission coupling and / or flywheel can transmit constant power to the generator during low tidal and / or wind conditions by adjusting the amount of hydraulic fluid diverted from the power split transmission coupling. For example, the power split transmission coupling can reduce tidal and / or wind jitter effects on the turbine system. The power split transmission coupling can operate with high volumetric efficiency, thereby increasing power generation efficiency. In one example, mechanical braking or turbine blade adjustment may need to be applied to prevent the generator from accepting power in excess of its maximum rated power. Diverting hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling eliminates the need to apply mechanical braking or feather turbine blades to prevent the generator from exceeding its maximum rated power.

[0014] In one example, the system can operate in a power generation cycle and a regeneration cycle. In the power generation cycle, the power split transmission coupling can be adjusted (e.g., by a computer controller) to transfer substantially all of the torque from the turbine rotor to the generator by actuating hydraulic fluid. In response, the generator can convert mechanical power to electrical power. The power split transmission coupling can divert high-pressure hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling in response to the electrical power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold power. Diverting the hydraulic fluid can maintain the electrical power generated by the generator below the threshold power. The hydraulic fluid diverted from the power split transmission coupling under high pressure can be stored in a storage vessel. In the regeneration cycle, in response to the generator producing electrical power below the threshold power, the stored hydraulic fluid can be introduced at high pressure to a hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor can be configured to transfer mechanical power to the generator for electrical generation. As a result, the percentage of the generator's life during which the generator can operate at or near its maximum power output can be increased. For example, tidal and / or wind conditions may not facilitate full power operation of the turbine during all periods of operation. As a result of the regenerative mode, the turbine may operate near maximum operating output or maximum efficiency.

[0015] Those skilled in the art will understand that the power applied to a generator is a function of the rotational speed of the generator rotor, as well as the torque applied to the generator rotor and the power load of the generator. Thus, those skilled in the art will understand that examples discussed herein that include electrical power or mechanical power include examples of corresponding rotational speeds, forces, or torques. For example, a system configured to operate below a threshold power may also include an equivalent example of the same system configured to operate below a threshold rotor speed that corresponds to the threshold power value for the given system.

[0016] The inventors contemplate creating an estuary with various components to capture water in the manner of a water retention weir and release it at, near, or after low tide. Furthermore, it is contemplated that when the tide peaks for a period of time, multiple estuaries (or reservoirs attached to estuaries) can be in fluid communication, so that once a maximum height is reached at a first estuary, the flow can then be further directed to a second estuary (or reservoir connected to the estuary). Water flow can be metered to fill or empty the estuary. Thus, flow from the estuary can drive a hydraulic turbine and hydraulic pump to an accumulator reservoir as an energy source. Similarly, the flow filling the estuary can be used to drive another hydraulic turbine. Optionally, the accumulator reservoir lifts a drum of water when filled by the incoming tide. The drum of water can be raised out of the reservoir (or estuary), allowing the reservoir or estuary to fill to a capacity equal to the tidal power of the day. Water can be drained from the drum to increase its height and force. When water is drained from the reservoir (or estuary) at low tide to generate power, an empty drum can be lowered back into it to further increase its height and force. Incoming tides can be directed through a hydro-turbine with sluice gates. Under tidal force, the sluice gates open and the tide rushes into the estuary. The sluice gates are then closed as the tide recedes, so that the water level remains higher in the estuary. The sluice gates can then be opened sequentially or as needed. The system contemplates that an estuary may have one, two, or more outlets for flow from the estuary. Fewer outlets are preferred. Tidal storage from the estuary can be released through these outlets (referred to herein as channels). These outlets may be at the edge or side of the estuary, such as the side of an obstacle forming the ocean-facing side of the estuary. One or more venturi systems can be used at the outlets to increase flow velocity. Contemplated systems can also use power generated by wave action, including terraforming the ocean floor, creating obstacles facing the ocean, and using other techniques to shorten the wavelength of waves striking the obstacles and increase wave power.A further embodiment contemplates the use of a rotating water wheel to drive a water turbine that drives a hydraulic pump for energy capture when wave power rushes through the channel through the obstacle when the floodgate is open to the inflow tidal turbine. When the floodgate is closed, wave power continues to drive the water wheel that drives the hydraulic pump for power generation and strikes the wall of the obstacle and the closed floodgate. It is also contemplated that a water wheel-type device be installed near the outlet from the river mouth so that the rushing water drives the water wheel, again powering the water wheel and driving the hydraulic pump for energy capture. Furthermore, in some situations, the inlet through the obstacle can also be used for water outflow. Placing a water wheel device at or near the channel through the obstacle can be used again during outflow as well as inflow, because the rushing water reverses the water wheel, again powering the reversing water turbine that drives the hydraulic pump for energy capture.

[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates an artificially constructed or man-made estuary 10 having walls 12 forming riverbanks with an exemplary shape that narrows incoming tidal currents along a channel 13 while funneling them into a weir / reservoir 15A and / or a weir / reservoir 15B, raising the water level. The estuary 10 can be located partially on land, offshore, such as on a tidal shelf, adjacent to a coastline (formed by the mainland, island, reef, etc.), or in another suitable location. Tidal shelves are known to increase tidal heights worldwide, making them suitable locations for the estuary 10. The shapes of the channel 13 and walls 12 shown are exemplary and are contemplated (other examples are provided). However, the walls 12 can be convex or gradually curve in other ways to narrow toward each other to confine the channel 13, as shown by example. The shapes may differ from those shown. Portions of wall 12 may or may not be constructed, according to some examples. Indeed, in some examples, the entire wall 12 may be constructed. Thus, wall 12 may be formed from concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, etc. In some cases, some or all of wall 12 may be unconstructed. Thus, wall 12 may be formed from natural materials (e.g., sand, rock, etc.) formed from the ocean floor or other materials, e.g., man-made or constructed. In FIG. 1 , wall 12 reduces in cross-sectional area down to reservoirs 15A and 15B to raise the water level of the tidal flow. Constructed estuary 10 includes a power generation system 14 in communication with a power generation system, such as a power grid, a battery station, a pressure accumulator, or a hydrogen production facility. The power generation system 14 may include one or more turbines 18, and may optionally include one or more wind turbines 18A, water turbines 18B (also referred to herein as hydrokinetic turbines), one or more power split couplings, one or more wave power generators 18C (also referred to herein as water wheels), etc.

[0018] FIG. 1 depicts a wall, weir, island, sluice gate, breakwater, or other obstacle (referred to herein simply as obstacle 17 for simplicity) positioned across estuary 10 and forming an entrance to estuary 10. Obstacle 17 can be man-made or constructed to have a particular desired shape, as discussed further herein. Obstacle 17 can be constructed artificially in some instances. Thus, obstacle 17 can be formed from concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, etc. In some cases, some or all of obstacle 17 may not be constructed artificially. Obstacle 17 can be configured to form an outer wall of the estuary facing the ocean. Thus, in some embodiments, obstacle 17 can block the mouth of estuary 10 and separate estuary 10 from the ocean. Because obstacle 17 is the outermost wall, it may be exposed to wave action, storms, tides, and other forces that portions of wall 12 may not be exposed to (e.g., obstacle 17 acts as a breakwater before ocean water reaches at least some portions of wall 12). Wall 12 and obstacle 17 together form an enclosure, i.e., at least a portion (indeed, most of) estuary 10. In some cases, only one channel 20 (see below) may be provided between wall 12 and obstacle 17 as an exit from estuary 10.

[0019] As shown in FIG. 1 , the shape of the obstacle 17 in combination with the shape of the wall 12 can also form one or more outlets for water flow on either side of the obstacle 17. The obstacle 17 can have a crescent shape with a convex side facing the estuary 10 and a concave side facing the sea. However, other shapes for the obstacle 17 are also contemplated. The exterior of the obstacle 17 (referred to herein as exterior wall 17A) can have upstanding, vertical, or near-vertical surfaces. This exterior wall 17A can be configured to create undertow (outflow or undercurrent), rebound current, and rebound wave action that can interact with and power a wave power generator 18C and / or a water turbine 18B located adjacent to the wall 17A. One or more tunnels 19, including one or more examples of channels or passageways, can be formed through, under, or over the obstacle 17. The one or more tunnels 19 can be configured, for example, as a channel to receive tidal inflow. These tunnels 19 may contain water turbines 18B therein. Such water turbines 18B may have venturis as discussed herein. Additionally, the tunnels each (or only some) may include a sluice gate 19A over the respective tunnel 19 that may restrict or stop flow to or through it.

[0020] 1 shows estuary 10 filled with water after tidal inflow, with the tidal inflow blocked by floodgate 19A on obstacle 17. The trapped tidal water begins to flow out, as shown by the arrows, along channel 20 between obstacle 17 and wall 12, past floodgate 19A (which is open), and around / through hydro-turbines 18B located in their outflow area (i.e., within or adjacent to channel 20). Channel 20 may be located on the side of obstacle 17 and is designed to restrict tidal outflow from estuary 10, thereby increasing the velocity of outflow past hydro-turbines 18B.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 1 , constructed walls 12 and obstacles 17 can position hydro-turbine 18B in areas where the inlet or outlet flows are relatively faster. Channel 20 can be configured to narrowly funnel tidal estuary flow into hydro-turbine 18B, raising the water level. The entrance formed by tunnel 19 can also serve as a bypass channel for tidal outflow from estuary 10, if desired. Gate 19A can act as a flow control device, selectively positionable to be open, partially open, and fully closed to control the amount (and therefore velocity) of flow into or out of estuary 10 (and thus hydro-turbine 18B). Partially open gate 19A can meter flow to hydro-turbine 18B in a controlled manner. The opening of gate 19A can be sequential, as desired. The locations, sizes, and shapes of tunnel 19 and channel 20 shown are purely exemplary; other locations are contemplated. The tunnel 19 and channel 20 may be man-made (e.g., formed from metal, concrete, or another material not native to the site, such as being part of a weir or other structure), or may be formed through the use of natural materials native to the site, such as rock, sand, dredged material from the seabed, etc.

[0022] It should be noted that in some cases portions of channel 13 and / or channel 20 may not be formed from wall 12 or obstruction 17, but may be formed using pipes, tunnels, or other materials from and along the bottom of estuary 10. Thus, various aspects of channel 13 and / or channel 20 may be submerged (or may appear after ebb and flow, but be submerged when estuary 10 fills). Similarly, the discussed channels 20 and tunnels 19 may be formed as part of a weir or other structure, and in some embodiments need not be formed or partially formed by obstruction 17 and wall 12.

[0023] 1 , waterway 13 and / or waterway 20 can be formed to have at least one section configured as a venturi. Alternatively, or in addition, water turbine 18B can be formed to form a venturi. This shape of waterway 20 and / or tunnel 19 can promote stable, reliable, and highly efficient tidal estuary flow, and in addition, this shape can cause the tidal estuary flow to develop slower delays (time delays ranging from hours to minutes, etc.) than would occur in an otherwise natural setting or non-venturi-shaped passage. Water turbine 18B may be located within or adjacent to waterway 20 (within a few hundred meters of the inlet / outlet). It is contemplated that water turbine 18B can be located anywhere within waterway 20, and in any number, as practically feasible. However, where possible, it may be advantageous to locate at least one of the one or more water turbines 18B at the most restricted point in the waterway 20 where the tidal estuary flow will have a maximum velocity, for example, at, within, or immediately downstream of a venturi. Further water turbines 18B may be located elsewhere in or adjacent to the waterway 20, such as at the outlet, inlet (in the estuary 10 in the waterway 13), or elsewhere along the waterway 20.

[0024] The location of wind turbine 18A within estuary 10 is purely exemplary and other locations, such as along wall 12, outside wall 12, etc., are also contemplated. During high tide, the entrance (tunnel 19) is open to receive the inflow (sluice gate 19A is open). The channel 13 is configured to funnel the incoming tidal water into reservoirs 14A and / or 14B in a constricting manner. Finally, at peak tide, the gates to reservoirs 14A and 14B are closed, causing the channel 13 to fill. Once the tidal inflow subsides, the sluice gate 19A of the tunnel 19 is closed. The tidal water is then trapped at its maximum height within the estuary 10, as defined between the wall 12 and the obstacle 17. Power generation / storage by the power generation system 14 using wave, water, and wind turbines 18C, 18B, and 18A can occur during the inflow into the estuary 10. Power generation / storage by power generation system 14 using wave, water, and wind turbines 18C, 18B, and 18A also occurs during controlled tidal outflow. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1 , floodgate 19A adjacent to and / or within waterway 20 can be opened (partially or fully). This can allow water to pass along waterway 20 and past water turbine 18B, as shown. Watergate 19A within waterway 20 can be a weir or other structure and need not be limited to a floodgate. Indeed, waterway 20 can be formed by a weir, tunnel, or other feature, and water turbine 18B can be located within the weir, such as within the tunnel (see FIG. 5 for an example of this). Optionally, floodgate 19A at or adjacent to tunnel 19 of obstacle 17 can also be opened (partially or fully) to facilitate outflow (past water turbine 18B). When the tidal water level in the estuary 10 drops sufficiently, outflow from reservoirs 14A and 14B can remove water from these reservoirs to replenish the tidal water in the channel 13. Reservoirs 14A and 14B can also be emptied back into the ocean, rather than back into the estuary 10, if desired.

[0025] It should be understood that the sizes (e.g., volumes and diameters) of the channels 13, 19, and 20 are purely exemplary in Figure 1. Careful study should be made to appropriately size the channels (e.g., provide appropriate cross-sectional areas and volumes) relative to the tidal flow characteristics (velocity, volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate) so that the inertia of the water passing through the channels 13, 19, 20 is maintained or not substantially reduced before passing to the turbines.

[0026] It should be noted that once filled, the estuary 10 can be emptied at any desired time, thus avoiding reliance on periodic tidal flows (which vary over time). Thus, for example, the estuary 10 can be emptied for power generation by the power generation system 14 at times that allow peak power needs to be met (e.g., during breakfast and dinner hours).

[0027] The one or more turbines 18 can be constructed, for example, as described in subsequent figures or as known in the art. The one or more turbines 18 can include blades for capturing a water load, as known in the art. Similarly, the power generation system 14 can be constructed as described in subsequent figures and can include a hydroelectric power generation system, as discussed in more detail below. In some cases, the power generation system 14 can include other power generation sources, including hydroelectric power generation, in parallel or series with the hydroelectric turbine 18B. This can include wind turbines 18A, wave generators 18C, and other power generation sources. However, such supplemental power generation sources are not required and are optional.

[0028] Figure 1A shows a system 22 that includes a series of the aforementioned estuaries 10, which may be constructed in a staggered relationship, for example, as shown. Staggering in the manner shown in Figure 1A (or Figure 2) also allows the timing of tidal inflow and outflow to each estuary to be varied in a desired manner for power generation purposes.

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a system 24 having parallel river mouths 10A, 10B, and 10C. River mouth 10A may be similar to the example of FIG. 1A, but river mouths 10B and 10C may be constructed to minimize the number of walls 12 between the various river mouths 10. Some river mouths 10B and 10C may have a constructed shape compared to river mouth 10A (as depicted in FIG. 1). This may result in larger and / or constructed channels 13B and 13C for river mouths 10B and 10C, and may result in the construction of the shape and size of obstacles 17B and 17C compared to obstacle 17A (also depicted in FIG. 1). For example, obstacles 17B and 17C may form only a single channel 20B and 20C from river mouths 10B and 10C. The example of FIGS. 1A and 2 may include all of the components and other features of power generation system 14 previously discussed in FIG. 1.

[0030] 3A-3C show schematic cross-sectional views of portions of estuary 10 during filling and draining, as previously described. It should be understood that reservoirs 14A and 14B can be controlled in a manner similar to channel 13 (FIG. 1) to enable power generation. Also, FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate the structure of floor 26 of estuary 10, and the tapered floor 26A (e.g., below or through obstruction 17) around and leading to estuary 10 can be artificially constructed. The inventors contemplate creating a false floor 26B (which can include tapered floor 26A) in certain areas, such as within and adjacent to estuary 10. False floor 26B can simply be the minimum water level in estuary 10 that can be maintained for marine life to live within estuary 10 or to safely exit (or enter) estuary 10 via hole 28. The false floor 26B can also be an artificially formed feature such as a tunnel, membrane, cavity / cavity, or other feature or component.

[0031] FIG. 3A shows that estuary 10 can be completely filled at high tide. Power can be generated using hydraulic turbines 18B at the entrance to obstruction 17 (e.g., tunnel 19), as previously described. FIG. 3B depicts low tide, where tidal water within estuary 10 is maintained at or near high tide level (elevated relative to low ocean tides) by floodgates 19A for use in power generation at any desired time, as described herein. FIG. 3C depicts that by opening floodgates 19A at low tide (or at other times, such as between high and low tides), water from estuary 10 can be released for power generation via hydraulic turbines 18B. Outflow from estuary 10 can be delayed as desired (e.g., by hours, minutes, or days).

[0032] FIG. 4 depicts a system 30 that can be utilized with any one of the previously described reservoirs 14A, 14B (FIG. 1), or indeed, can be used with flume 13 (FIG. 1) itself. System 30 includes a drum 32 and a tank 34 (e.g., reservoirs 14A, 14B, flume 13, or another feature). Drum 32 can be filled while incoming water simultaneously fills tank 34. When the water level in tank 34 drops, drum 32 can be lowered into tank 34, raising the height of water in tank 34 by displacement. Once drum 32 is emptied of water, the empty drum 32 can again be used to raise the water in tank 34 (again by displacement).

[0033] 5 depicts a weir 36, which may be used as part of an obstruction 17 (FIG. 1) or as an additional feature for the estuary 10 (such as a feature in or forming a channel 20 for outflow from the estuary 10 past a hydro-turbine 18B; see also FIG. 1). The weir 36 may include one or more floodgates 19A (FIG. 1) that can be selectively closed once the estuary 10 behind the weir 36 has filled as desired to store energy for use when needed.

[0034] 6A-6E show examples of wave power generators 18C contemplated for use with the present systems, methods, and techniques. Note that locating the wave power generators 18C near an obstacle 17, as shown in FIG. 1, can be particularly effective because deflected wave action returning from the obstacle 17 can generate additional wave energy that can be captured. However, the location of the wave power generators 18C in FIG. 1 is purely exemplary and can be anywhere desired (e.g., not necessarily near the obstacle 17). In particular, FIG. 6A shows an example of an open-ocean tidal turbine 38 that can be located where wave action (e.g., bottom trawl) can result in additional power generation. FIG. 6B shows an example of a twin-turbine device 40 that can also be located where wave action (e.g., bottom trawl) can result in additional power generation.

[0035] 6C shows a water wheel device 42. The device 42 may be constructed similarly to the device described in the inventor's U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 860,842, previously incorporated by reference, entitled "RIVER VENTURI POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD," but may include a water wheel 44. The operation of the device 42 will be discussed below with reference to FIGS. 15A-15F. The device 42 may be used as a water turbine 18B and / or a wave power generator 18C.

[0036] Figure 6D shows a snake-type wave power device 46 that uses hydraulic pumps at the linkages to circulate fluid and generate electricity, and Figure 6E shows a floating device 48 that uses wave motion to drive subsea pumps that circulate fluid to the device above the water surface.

[0037] 7A and 7B show wave power generators 18C that can be deployed along wall 12 (FIG. 1) or along obstacle 17, such as along wall 17A of obstacle 17 (FIG. 7A). These power generators 18C can include floats 50 that can rise and fall under the action of waves. This motion can circulate hydraulic fluid, which can be used, for example, to rotate an electrical generator.

[0038] Figure 8 shows an example of the effect of waves bouncing off an obstacle 17 (particularly wall 17A), which can be captured by a wave power generator 18C (or indeed a land-based or land-fixed device, for example as shown in Figures 7A and 7B) located close to the obstacle 17.

[0039] Figures 9 and 10 show examples of naturally occurring tidal estuaries 10A and 10B that can be at least partially artificially formed or created using the techniques discussed herein, including using the power generation systems discussed herein. The images in Figures 9 and 10 show tidal surges. It is contemplated that multiple estuaries connected in series could be created in the manner shown in Figures 9 and 10.

[0040] Figure 11 shows a perspective view of an exemplary turbine 100, which can be either a kinetic turbine or a wind turbine. Turbine 100 (or modified forms of that turbine as known in the art or as discussed herein) can be utilized with the systems and devices of Figures 1-10, as well as those of later-described figures. Thus, turbine 100 is merely illustrative of one possible turbine that can be utilized with the devices and systems discussed herein.

[0041] In FIG. 11 , the turbine 100 may include a turbine rotor 102 and at least one turbine blade 104. The turbine blade 104 may be rotatably coupled to the turbine rotor 102. For example, the turbine blade 104 may include an airfoil profile, and the pitch of the airfoil relative to the tidal estuary flow may be adjustable. The turbine rotor 102 may be attached to a nacelle 106, for example, by bearings 110. A tower 108 may support the nacelle 106 at a location sufficiently above ground level within the tidal estuary to provide clearance for the rotation of the turbine blade 104. The nacelle 106 may house, and in some examples, may also support, a gearbox 112, a power split transmission coupling 114, a generator 116, and at least one hydraulic motor 118. The turbine blade 104 may generate torque in response to the application of tidal estuary loads and transmit the torque to the turbine rotor 102. The turbine rotor 102 can transmit torque generated by the turbine blades 104 to the generator 116. Electric power can be generated by the generator 116 in response to application of torque to the generator rotor 120, which causes the generator rotor to rotate within a stator of the generator 116. The turbine rotor 102 can be coupled to the generator 116 by one or more linkages (rotating shafts). The gearbox 112 and the power split transmission coupling 114 can be operably coupled to the one or more linkages between the turbine rotor 102 and the generator 116. For example, the turbine rotor can include a turbine rotor shaft. The gearbox 112 can include an input coupling attached to the turbine rotor shaft and an output coupling. The gearbox 112 can include one or more sprockets and gears configured to rotate the output coupling at a speed corresponding to a ratio of the rotational speed of the input coupling (i.e., the turbine rotor shaft). In other words, the gearbox 112 can rotate the output coupling at a speed faster, slower, or equal to that of the turbine rotor shaft.The one or more linkages may further include an input shaft 122 of the power split transmission coupling 114 (as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 and described herein). The power split transmission coupling 114 may divert hydraulic fluid under high pressure to a storage reservoir. The stored hydraulic fluid under high pressure may be used for auxiliary power purposes, including, but not limited to, supplying high pressure hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic motor 118 for power generation or regeneration, pumping fluid, supplying cooling fluid to components of the turbine 100, etc.

[0042] Hydraulic motors 118 may also be coupled to the generator rotor 120 to increase the torque and power provided to the generator 116. In the example of FIG. 11 , the turbine 100 includes three hydraulic motors 118, one of which may operate at a variable displacement. In one example, multiple hydraulic motors 118 may be more efficient than a single, larger hydraulic motor 118. For example, if the maximum power output of a hydraulic motor 118 may exceed the maximum power of the generator 116, the stroke of the hydraulic motor 118 may be reduced to operate at a lower capacity than the maximum capacity. Some hydraulic motors 118 operate at a lower efficiency when the stroke is reduced. The greater the stroke reduction, the less efficient the hydraulic motor 118 may operate. In one example, the hydraulic motor 118 may include a design similar to the power split transmission coupling 114 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and described herein). Instead of diverting hydraulic fluid to reduce the torque delivered to the generator 116, the hydraulic motor 118 can generate torque on the generator rotor 120 in response to the application of high pressure hydraulic fluid to the hub and vanes of the hydraulic motor 118.

[0043] FIG. 12 depicts a system diagram of an example turbine 100. The turbine 100 may include a turbine rotor 102, turbine blades 104, a gearbox 112, a power split transmission coupling 114, a generator 116, and a plurality of hydraulic motors, as previously described herein. The example of FIG. 2 further includes a hydraulic storage vessel 202, a hydraulic fluid reservoir 204, and a cooling circuit 206. When the mechanical output of the turbine rotor 102 exceeds the maximum power of the generator 116, the power split transmission coupling 114 may draw hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 into the power split transmission coupling 114 and divert high-pressure hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic storage vessel 202. The power split transmission coupling 114 may include an inlet port and an outlet port (as shown in FIG. 3 and described herein). The inlet port may be coupled to the reservoir 204 and may communicate hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 to the power split transmission coupling 114. A hydraulic storage conduit 208 may couple the power split transmission coupling 114 to the hydraulic storage vessel 202. High-pressure hydraulic fluid may be stored at high pressure within the storage vessel 202. For example, the high-pressure hydraulic fluid may be hydraulic fluid at a pressure including, but not limited to, 20 bar (2 MPa), 100 bar (10 MPa), 300 bar (30 MPa), 500 bar (50 MPa), or other pressures. The hydraulic storage conduit 208 may include at least one shut-off valve 210 located along the hydraulic storage conduit between the power split transmission coupling 114 and the hydraulic storage vessel 202. When the shut-off valve 210 is in a closed position, it may block or stop communication of hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling 114 and the hydraulic storage vessel. Closing the shut-off valve may prevent backflow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic storage vessel 202 to the power split transmission coupling 114.

[0044] In one example, the turbine system 100 includes at least one hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 coupled between the hydraulic storage vessel 202 and the at least one hydraulic motor 118. For example, the hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 may be connected to the hydraulic storage conduit 208 between the hydraulic storage vessel 202 and the isolation valve 210, as shown in FIG. 12 . In a regeneration mode, the turbine 100 may direct hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic storage vessel 202 through the hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 to the one or more hydraulic motors 118. The hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 may include one or more regeneration valves 212. In an open position, the regeneration valve 212 allows high-pressure hydraulic fluid to flow from the hydraulic storage vessel through the regeneration valve 212 to the at least one hydraulic motor 118. In response to the high-pressure hydraulic fluid passing through the hydraulic motor 118, torque may be provided to the generator rotor 120.

[0045] In one example, the hydraulic fluid may include, but is not limited to, water, a water-glycol mixture, hydraulic oil, etc. The power-split transmission may operate using water as the fluid medium for transmitting torque from the input shaft to the output shaft, resulting in cost savings over more expensive fluids. Couplings, fittings, hoses, conduits, etc. may leak hydraulic fluid during normal operation. Using water as the hydraulic fluid may provide an environmentally friendly solution. In one example, glycol or ethylene glycol may be added to water to form a water-glycol mixture. For example, the water-glycol mixture may have a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point than pure water.

[0046] In the example of FIG. 12 , reservoir 204 may include a fluid storage tank for holding hydraulic fluid at low pressure, such as atmospheric pressure. In one example, reservoir 204 may include a large body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, a tidal estuary, a storage pod, a tank, or the like. For example, the large body of water may include a naturally occurring body of water. The reservoir may provide hydraulic fluid for cooling various components of turbine 100 or for storing high-pressure hydraulic fluid generated by power split transmission coupling 114. In one example, when the hydraulic fluid from reservoir 204 is not being stored under high pressure, the hydraulic fluid may be returned to reservoir 204. For example, the hydraulic fluid may be returned to reservoir 204 when the hydraulic fluid is circulated within a cooling circuit (described further below).

[0047] The hydraulic storage vessel 202 can be configured to store high-pressure hydraulic fluid for extended periods of time. For example, the hydraulic storage vessel 202 can contain pressures of up to 350 bar (35 MPa) for hours, days, weeks, or months. In the example of FIG. 2, the hydraulic storage vessel 202 is a hydraulic accumulator. The accumulator can be filled with a gas or liquid, such as nitrogen gas or liquid nitrogen, to increase the storage pressure of the accumulator. In one example, the stored hydraulic fluid can provide power up to 1 megawatt.

[0048] The cooling circuit 206 can channel hydraulic fluid (e.g., from the reservoir 204) within conduits. In the example shown in FIG. 12 , hydraulic fluid diverted from the power split transmission coupling 114 can channel through the cooling circuit 206. The cooling circuit 206 can transfer heat away from turbine components, including, but not limited to, the gearbox 112, the power split transmission coupling 114, the generator 116, and the like. For example, the cooling circuit 206 can include one or more heat exchangers to transfer heat away from the turbine components. In one example, water can be the hydraulic fluid used as a cooling source for the turbine powertrain. In one example, hydraulic fluid exiting the hydraulic motor 118 can channel through the cooling circuit 206 before returning to the reservoir 204. Optionally, water can be combined with a flame retardant (e.g., a foaming agent) to reduce the flammability of the hydraulic fluid. In one example, the hydraulic fluid can be a water-glycol mixture, which has good flame retardant properties. This hydraulic fluid can reduce the risk of damage and fire to the generator 116, allowing the generator 116 to operate at its rated power. In one example, hydraulic fluid (e.g., water glycol) can be used to extinguish any fire that does occur. For example, the cooling circuit 206 can include fire extinguishing nozzles that release hydraulic fluid to extinguish the fire.

[0049] FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of an example power split transmission coupling 114 (sometimes referred to herein simply as a power split coupling, a hydraulic coupling, or simply a coupling). As previously mentioned, the power split transmission coupling 114 may include an input shaft 302 and an output shaft 304. Additionally, according to some examples, a through-shaft configuration is also contemplated. The torque applied to the output shaft 304 may be adjusted according to an adjustable torque ratio of the input shaft 302. In one example, the torque of the output shaft 304 may be reduced according to an adjustable torque ratio of the power split transmission coupling 114. The adjustable torque ratio may be reduced (i.e., the amount of torque on the output shaft 304 relative to the torque on the input shaft 302) by moving hydraulic fluid through an outlet port 306 of the power split transmission coupling 114. A hub (shown in FIG. 14 and described herein) may be fixably attached to the input shaft 302. The hub may be rotatable within a cam ring 308. In one example, the cam ring 308 can be fixably attached to the output shaft 304. The power split transmission coupling 114 can have a through-drive mode and a power-split mode. In the through-drive mode, the hub and cam ring rotate at a substantially fixed 1:1 ratio (i.e., the output torque is substantially equal to the input torque). In the power-split mode, the power split transmission coupling 114 can buffer excess power or shocks applied to the generator. For example, the adjustable torque ratio of the power split transmission coupling 114 can be adjusted so that the torque on the output shaft 304 is constant when there may be fluctuations in the torque applied to the input shaft 302. In one example, the power split transmission coupling 114 can include a housing. The cam ring 308 and the hub 402 can be disposed within the housing. Hydraulic fluid can be contained within a cavity between the cam ring 308, the input shaft 302, the output shaft 304, or other components and the housing for lubrication or coolant.

[0050] FIG. 14 is an example cross-sectional view of power split transmission coupling 114 positioned perpendicular to input shaft 302 and centered within hub 402. Cam ring 308 includes inlet port 404, outlet port 306, and cam ring surface 408. Cam ring surface 408 may be elliptical. Inlet port 404 can extend from an outer portion of cam ring 308 and be divided into at least two conduits, each extending to opposite quadrants of cam ring surface 408 in the example shown in FIG. 14. Outlet port 306 can extend from an outer portion of cam ring 308 and be divided into at least two conduits, each extending to opposite quadrants of cam ring surface 408 and adjacent to the quadrant of the inlet port. Inlet port 404 and outlet port 306 can terminate at cam ring surface 408 and form one or more openings in cam ring surface 408. 14, the elliptical shape of cam ring surface 308 may be symmetrical. The symmetry of cam ring surface 308 may balance the forces applied to the bearings of power split transmission coupling 114, such as the bearings that support input shaft 302 and output shaft 304. The balanced forces may extend the life of power split transmission coupling 114 due to reduced mechanical stress and fatigue.

[0051] The hub 402 can be located on the central axis of the cam ring surface 408. As shown in FIG. 14 , the hub 402 can include a circular shape sized to fit within the oval shape of the cam ring surface 408. For example, the hub 402 can be sized to provide a clearance fit, such as a precision motion fit, with the cam ring surface 408 so that the hub 402 can rotate within the cam ring 308 with minimal clearance. The hub 402 can include a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves 410 extending radially outward from the central axis of the hub 402. Each groove 410 can be sized and shaped to support a vane 406 therein. An inner portion of the groove 410 can include a signal passageway in communication with high-pressure fluid.

[0052] As shown in the example of FIG. 14 , the vanes 406 can be positioned within grooves 410. The vanes can extend radially outward from the central axis of the hub 402 in response to high-pressure fluid being applied to bases 414 of the vanes 406 through signal passages. In one example, the high-pressure fluid can be high-pressure hydraulic fluid. The tips 412 of the vanes 406 can contact the cam ring surface 408 in a fully extended position. Each vane 406 can extend and retract throughout a rotational cycle of the hub 402. For example, the tips 412 can be substantially flush with the outer surface 416 of the hub 402 in a first direction of the hub 402 and then be displaced to a partially extended or fully extended position as the hub 402 rotates from the beginning of a first quadrant to the beginning of a second quadrant. In the retracted position, the input shaft 302 can be independently rotatable relative to the output shaft 304.

[0053] In one example, the tip 412 can include a roller bearing (referred to herein as a roller vane). The roller vane can reduce friction between the vane 406 and the cam ring 308 and can be used in large-scale power split transmission couplings 114 (e.g., 200 kilowatts or greater). When the hydraulic fluid includes an environmentally friendly or non-flammable fluid (such as water-glycol), roller vanes can be used to reduce friction between the vane 406 and the cam ring 308. The vane 406 can also include a coating to reduce friction, increase corrosion resistance, or reduce wear. For example, the vane 406 can include a diamond carbon coating or a diamond dust coating to improve the corrosion resistance of the vane 406. The coating can be selected from a variety of coatings to reduce friction when a particular hydraulic fluid is used in the power split transmission coupling 114. When water-glycol is used in the power split transmission coupling 114, a diamond dust coating can reduce corrosion.

[0054] As previously described, the power split transmission coupling 114 can include a through-drive mode and a power split mode. In the through-drive mode, the input shaft 302 and the output shaft 304 can include an adjustable torque ratio of 1:1. For example, the input shaft 302 and the output shaft 304 can rotate together (i.e., at the same angular velocity). The hydraulic fluid between the hub 402 and the cam ring 308 can be pressurized by the power split transmission coupling 114. For example, when the vanes 406 are extended, the hydraulic fluid can be pressurized by the vanes 406. Torque is transmitted from the hub 402 to the cam ring 308 by the pressurized hydraulic fluid on the cam ring 308. The outlet port 306 can be closed (i.e., deadheaded). With the hydraulic fluid trapped within the power split transmission coupling 114, substantially all of the torque from the hub 402 can be transmitted to the cam ring 308. The torque applied to the generator 116 can be substantially equal to the torque of the input shaft 302. The power split transmission coupling 114 may operate in a through drive mode (e.g., at low turbine rotor speeds) when the power applied to the input shaft 302 is lower than the rated power output of the generator 116. When the turbine rotor power output is below the rated power output of the generator 116 (e.g., when the water level and / or wind speed in a tidal estuary is low), the efficiency of the turbine 100 may be maximized by operating the power split transmission coupling 114 in a through drive mode.

[0055] In the power split mode, the outlet port 306 can be open or partially open. Hydraulic fluid can exit the power split transmission coupling 114 through the output port 306. As a result of the hydraulic fluid being diverted, the pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the hub 402 and the cam ring 308 can be reduced. Therefore, less than substantially all of the torque of the input shaft 302 can be transmitted to the output shaft 304. In one example, the volume between the vanes 406 in the inlet quadrant of the cam ring 308 increases as the hub 402 rotates within the cam ring 308. The volume between the vanes 406 in the outlet quadrant of the cam ring 308 decreases as the hub 402 rotates within the cam ring 308. As the volume in the inlet quadrant increases, hydraulic fluid is drawn into the power split transmission coupling 114. For example, the increased volume can create a vacuum, which can draw hydraulic fluid into the power split transmission coupling 114. A decrease in volume in the outlet quadrant may increase the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, for example, by compressing the hydraulic fluid. In response to the power transmitted from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304 exceeding a threshold level (e.g., maximum rated generator power), a portion of the hydraulic fluid in the output quadrant may be diverted through the output port 306. The diverted hydraulic fluid may be stored under pressure (e.g., the pressure at which the hydraulic fluid exits the power split transmission coupling 114) and stored in the storage vessel 202. Stated another way, the hydraulic fluid exiting the power split transmission coupling 114 may be high-pressure hydraulic fluid.

[0056] The adjustable torque ratio of the power split transmission coupling 114 can be adjusted to provide desired output shaft conditions, including, but not limited to, output shaft torque, power, rotational speed, etc. The difference between the torque of the input shaft 302 and the torque of the output shaft 304 is proportional to the amount of high-pressure hydraulic fluid diverted from the power split transmission coupling 114. For example, the outlet port 306 can include an adjustable valve. The orifice of the adjustable valve can be adjusted to increase or decrease the flow rate of fluid through the outlet port 306. Increasing the flow rate of hydraulic fluid through the outlet port 306 can decrease the amount of torque transmitted from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304. In one example, the extension of the vanes 406 can be controlled to achieve the desired output shaft conditions. The position of the tip 412 of the vane 406 can be adjusted to be flush with the outer surface 416 of the hub 402, in contact with the cam ring 308, or anywhere in between. The adjustable torque ratio may be controlled by any number of mechanical or electromechanical devices, including, but not limited to, electric motors, servos, flow control valves, mechanical linkages, hydraulic motors, hydraulic systems, pneumatic motors, pneumatic systems, etc. In one example, the adjustable torque ratio may be controlled by a computer in communication with the electromechanical device.

[0057] In one example, stored hydraulic fluid can be supplied under high pressure to the hydraulic motor 118 to increase the power generated by the generator 116. For example, if the power applied to the generator rotor 120 is less than the maximum rated power of the generator 116, additional power can be supplied from the hydraulic motor 118 to the generator 116. In one example, reducing the power transmitted to the generator rotor 120 can prevent damage to the generator 116 or prevent an oversupply of power to the power grid and therefore an undesirable increase in the electrical frequency of the power grid. In power split mode, by reducing the power transmitted to the generator 116, power generated by the turbine rotor 102 is not wasted. Instead, the excess power is stored as high-pressure fluid to be used at another time or location, such as to provide additional power to the generator 116 when water levels and / or wind speeds are low in a tidal estuary, or to provide additional power to another turbine operating below maximum production. In one example, the power split transmission coupling 114 can smooth the torque and / or power transmitted from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304. For example, a non-constant input shaft torque can be converted to a constant output shaft torque by the power split transmission coupling 114. In one example, the energy efficiency of the power split transmission coupling 114 can be 90% or greater, compared to the energy efficiency of a piston pump, which is only 70%. The power split transmission coupling 114 can operate at a power capacity greater than 1 megawatt, such as 2 megawatts, 3 megawatts, or more.

[0058] 15A, 15B, and 15C illustrate another example power generation, storage, and regeneration system 2600. System 2600 can include a water current capture device 2601 that can be utilized in conjunction with water turbine 18B (FIG. 1) and / or as wave capture device 18C. Water current capture device 2601 can be configured to become a water wheel device 42 (FIG. 6C) by eliminating one or both of the two turbines discussed below and replacing wheel 44 (FIG. 6C). Water current capture device 2601 can include one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B, one or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B, a gearbox 2616, a first flywheel 2618A, a second flywheel 2618B, one or more pump / motors 2620, one or more pressure accumulators 2622, and one or more generators 2624. 15A-15C, system 2600 may also include one or more controllers and one or more sensors (such as an electronic control unit and a tachometer). The controllers may be used to operate system 2600 in various operating modes discussed herein.

[0059] 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 15E, and 15F in combination, water flow capturing device 2601 can include an outer nacelle 2602, one or more turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B, a plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB, an inner wall 2608, venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, a first water passage 2612A, a second water passage 2612B, a sliding door 2626, a screen 2628, one or more diversion gates 2630A and 2630B, and a diversion gate 2632. In addition to the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, outer nacelle 2602 can include an inlet section 2634 and an outlet section 2636.

[0060] At a system level, the water flow capturing device 2601 of the system 2600 can be configured to capture a volume of water (e.g., from a river, stream, tide, or other moving water source) and funnel the water in a constricting manner onto one or more of the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB. The load of the water passing through one or more of the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB can cause one or more of the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB to rotate one or more turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B. The turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B can be, or can be, coupled to one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B. One or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B can be selectively coupled to one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B and can be utilized in the manner described above. The drive shafts 2613A and 2613B can extend from one or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B and can be coupled to a gearbox 2616. Another drive shaft(s) 2614C can extend from the gearbox 2616 and can be coupled in a series or parallel arrangement to a first flywheel 2618A, a second flywheel 2618B, one or more generators 2624, and one or more pump / motors 2620. Hydraulically, the one or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B can be in selective fluid communication with the gearbox 2616, one or more pump / motors 2620, and one or more pressure accumulators 2622 (see schematics in FIGS. 16A and 16C ).

[0061] The system 2600 can be constructed and operated similarly to the systems of FIGS. 11-14 discussed above, except that the first flywheel 2618A and / or second flywheel 2618B can be an important addition. The first flywheel 2618A and second flywheel 2618B can be of different sizes and inertia. The first flywheel 2618A and second flywheel 2618B can smooth the delivery of power from the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B to the one or more generators 2624. The inertia of each of the first flywheel 2618A and second flywheel 2618B counteracts and dampens fluctuations in the speed of the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B (as a result of changes in water flow velocity) and stores excess rotational energy for intermittent use (conserving angular momentum).

[0062] 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 15E, and 15F, the outer nacelle 2602 can narrowly funnel water into the water flow capture device 2601 through the inlet section 2634. Thus, the cross-sectional area of the inlet section 2634 decreases as it moves downstream from its upstream edge. The outer nacelle 2602 can be constructed of a suitable material, such as plastic, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, or the like. The inlet section 2634 can be in fluid communication with the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, which have a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the inlet section 2634 and the outlet section 2636. The venturi sections 2610A and 2610B can be separated from one another by an inner wall 2608. The inner wall 2608 can extend into or adjacent to the inlet section 2634 and / or the outlet section 2636. The upstream leading edge of the inner wall 2608 may have an airfoil, tapered, or aerodynamic shape. The inner wall 2608 may combine with the outer nacelle 2602 to form a first water passage 2612A and a second water passage 2612B in the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, respectively.

[0063] Multiple blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB can be disposed within or adjacent to venturi sections 2610A and 2610B. In particular, blade 2606A can be disposed within or adjacent to first water passage 2612A, and blades 2606B and 2606BB can be disposed within or adjacent to second water passage 2612B. Blades 2606B and 2606BB can be spaced apart, such as in a vertical arrangement, and coupled to each other via turbine rotor 2604B. Blades 2606B and 2606BB can be different in size and / or shape than blade 2606A. In the illustrated example, blade 2606A can be larger (at least longer in length) than blades 2606B and 2606BB. However, it is contemplated that blade 2606A may be larger in other dimensions and / or may have a different airfoil-type shape, etc., than blades 2606B and 2606BB.

[0064] It should also be noted that the first water passage 2612A (formed by the venturi section 2610A and the inner wall 2608) may differ in volume (e.g., cross-sectional area, shape, etc.) from the second water passage 2612B (formed by the venturi section 2610B and the inner wall 2608). Such a difference in volume may be, for example, 0.1% to 80%, although such a difference in volume is not contemplated in some embodiments.

[0065] A sliding door 2626 (shown in FIGS. 15B and 15C) can be selectively movable in and out of the outer nacelle 2602. Multiple positions (e.g., partial insertion) of the sliding door 2626 are possible. The sliding door 2626 can be selectively moved fully into the outer nacelle 2602 to block water flow through a portion of the second water passage 2612B, thereby preventing water from engaging and / or loading the blade 2606B (see FIG. 15C).

[0066] One or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B may comprise doors or other selectively openable openings on the outer nacelle 2602, such as in a location downstream of the inlet section 2634 upstream of the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, respectively.

[0067] The diversion gate 2632 can be articulated to rotate to selectively reduce and / or block flow into one of the first waterway 2612A or the second waterway 2612B. Water flow can be directed (i.e., diverted) by the diversion gate 2632 from one of the waterway 2612A or the second waterway 2612B to the other of the waterway 2612A or the second waterway 2612B (or out of one of the bypass gates 2630A or 2630B). For example, in FIG. 15D , the diversion gate 2632 can be articulated to reduce flow into the second waterway 2612B, and at least some of this flow (excess flow) can be diverted by the diversion gate 2632 back into the first waterway 2612A. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 15E, the diversion gate 2632 can be articulated to reduce flow into the first passage 2612A, and at least some of this flow (excess flow) can be directed by the diversion gate 2632 into the second passage 2612B. Figure 15F shows that the diversion gate 2632 can be locked or otherwise held in a neutral position that does not divert flow between the first passage 2612A and the second passage 2612B.

[0068] A screen 2628 may be installed within or adjacent to (in front of) the inlet section 2634 to prevent aquatic animals or debris from entering the water flow capture device 2601 .

[0069] The diversion gate 2632, the sliding door 2626, and / or one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B can be used in combination to direct flow to load the blades 2606A, 2606B, and / or 2606BB in a manner that maximizes power generation for a given water flow velocity through the water flow capture device 2601. For example, in a low water flow velocity situation (lowest power-generating flow situation 1), one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B will be closed. The diversion gate 2632 can be articulated to direct substantially all or a majority of the water flow into the second waterway 2612B. Additionally, the sliding door 2626 can be moved into the outer nacelle 2602 to block water flow through a portion of the second waterway 2612B, preventing water from engaging the blades 2606B (see FIG. 15C ). In that case, the only power in the lowest flow conditions would be from the water flow loading the blades 2606BB.

[0070] In a slightly higher water velocity situation (Situation 2), the sliding door 2626 can be removed (or at least partially removed) from within the outer nacelle 2602. This allows some of the flow in the venturi section 2610B to load blade 2606B in addition to blade 2606BB.

[0071] As the water flow velocity increases further (Situation 3), the diversion gate 2632 can be articulated to direct some, most, or substantially all of the water flow into the first channel 2612A to engage the larger blade 2606A. Thus, flow will be diverted from the second channel 2612B such that the load on blades 2606B and 2606BB is reduced.

[0072] In a further increased water flow velocity situation (Situation 4), one or both of the bypass gates 2630A and 2630B can be opened. In a further increased water flow velocity situation (Situation 5), the bypass gates 2630A and 2630B can be closed and the diversion gate 2632 can be locked or otherwise held in a neutral position to allow water flow into both the first passage 2612A and the second passage 2612B toward the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB. In a maximum flow velocity situation (Situation 6), the diversion gate 2632 can remain in the neutral position, but one or both of the diversion gates 2630A and 2630B can be opened. In the highest flow velocity situation (Situation 6), the water flow may be into both the first water passage 2612A and the second water passage 2612B towards the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB.

[0073] It is recognized that situations 1-6 above are exemplary modes of operation, and that other modes of operation are possible. These additional modes of operation include initially diverting flow away from the second channel 2612B, if water velocity or flow conditions dictate, so that the flow passes through the first channel 2612A and loads the blades 2606A. A further possible mode of operation includes only partially diverting the flow using the diversion gate 2632, so that the first channel 2612A and the second channel 2612B each receive some of the water flow for loading the blades.

[0074] 16A and 16B illustrate a power storage mode of operation of the system 2600, which may occur in high water velocity situations (e.g., situations 4-6 above). In this power storage mode, the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B are rotating at a speed above the required grid generator speed. One or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B can reduce the respective shaft speeds to a rotational speed acceptable for the generator and act as pumps to divert hydraulic fluid with excess energy to one or more accumulators 2622.

[0075] 16C and 16D illustrate a power regeneration mode of operation of the system 2600. This may occur in the lowest or lowest water flow velocity conditions (e.g., Situation 1 or Situation 0 (insufficient flow velocity, rotors 2604A and 2604B not rotating)). In the power regeneration mode of operation, one or more accumulators 2622 may be depleted or emptied to power one or more pump / motors 2620 to rotate one or more generators 2624 at a desired speed.

[0076] System 2600 can use sensors. These sensors can include tachometers or other types of suitable sensors along the shaft or rotor that can provide sensing for a controller. The sensors can be electronic inputs to the controller for various operating modes, as described below. The controller can be in electronic communication with multiple sensors, one or more valves, and multiple actuators. The sensors can sense conditions of the input and output shafts relative to the power split transmission coupling, rotor, or other shafts in system 2600. Such conditions can include revolution count, rotational speed of the input and / or output shafts or rotors, acceleration of the input and / or output shafts or rotors, etc. One or more valves can be controlled by the controller using inputs from the multiple sensors. One or more valves can send pilot or other signals to change the operating mode of the power split transmission coupling. Such operating modes and pilot signals are discussed herein and in the inventor's previous patents and patent applications, which are incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the controller can control the operation of the power split transmission coupling and other components in the various operating modes discussed herein.

[0077] The controller may also control the operation of the water flow capture device 2601 and the system 2600 to operate in various modes as previously discussed herein. To facilitate such control operation, a number of actuators may be electronically controlled by the controller.

[0078] The plurality of actuators may include an actuator 2610A for the bypass gate 2630A and an actuator for the bypass gate 2630B. The actuator may fully open, partially close, or fully close the bypass gate upon receiving an electronic signal from the controller. Similarly, the actuator may fully open, partially close, or fully close the bypass gate 2630B upon receiving an electronic signal from the controller. The actuator may fully open, partially close, or fully close the sliding door 2626 upon receiving an electronic signal from the controller. The actuator may actuate the movement of the diversion gate 2632 as described above.

[0079] 17A-17C show an artificially created or man-made estuary 2710, having a structure similar to, but constructed from, the estuary 10 described in FIG. 1. Some creations, discussed further herein, include a constructed version of the water flow capture device 2601 (FIGS. 15A-16D), adding several additional components and features discussed herein.

[0080] The estuary 2710 can have walls 2712 forming riverbanks with an exemplary shape that narrows the incoming tidal current along the channel 2713 while funneling it into the weir / reservoir 2715A, the weir / reservoir 2715B, and / or the water flow capture device 2750 to raise the water level. The estuary 2710 can be located partially on land, partially offshore, such as on a tidal shelf, adjacent to a coastline (formed by the mainland, island, reef, etc.), or in another suitable location as discussed above. The shapes of the illustrated channel 2713 and walls 2712 are exemplary and are contemplated to vary (other examples are provided). However, the walls 2712 can be convex or otherwise gradually curved to narrow toward each other to restrict the channel 2713, as shown according to one example. The shape can also differ from the illustrated pear shape. Portions of wall 2712 may or may not be man-made, according to some examples. Indeed, in some examples, the entire wall 2712 may be man-made. Thus, wall 2712 may be formed from concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, etc. In some instances, portions or all of wall 2712 may not be man-made. Thus, channel 2713 may be formed from natural materials (e.g., sand, rock, etc.) formed from the ocean floor, or other materials, for example, man-made or man-made.

[0081] 17A-17C, wall 2712 reduces in cross-sectional area to reservoirs 2715A, 2715B and flow capture device 2750 to raise the tidal level of the stream. Constructed estuary 2710 includes power generation system 2714 in communication with a power generation system such as a power grid, generator, battery station, accumulator, hydrogen production facility, etc. Power generation system 2714 may include components similar to systems 14 and 2600 described above. Additionally, power generation system 2714 may include a water turbine 18B powered by flow from water pipe 2752, weir / reservoir 2715A, and / or weir / reservoir 2715B in addition to (or instead of) water flow capture device 2750.

[0082] Thus, the power generation system 2714 includes one or more turbines, particularly one or more water turbines 18B as previously described. Wind, floating, and other power generating devices (e.g., wind turbines, etc.) may also be utilized, but are not specifically shown.

[0083] The estuary 2710 of Figures 17A-17C differs from the estuary 10 of Figure 1 in that it does not include an obstruction. The mouth of the estuary 2710 is open to and faces outward toward the ocean. A floodgate 2719, as will be described further, can be utilized to close the estuary 2710 and retain tidal waters within the estuary 2710. The floodgate 2719 can be selectively opened and closed to open or close the mouth of the estuary 2710. The wall 2712 and the floodgate 2719 can together form an enclosure, i.e., the estuary 2710. The floodgate 2719 (and other floodgates / doors discussed herein) can be hydraulically operated, for example.

[0084] Figure 17A shows that an artificial shelf or floor 2726, for example, as discussed above in Figures 3A-3C, can be utilized in or adjacent to the estuary 2710. This floor 2726 can be tapered, elevated, or otherwise created from the ocean floor, for example, to increase the height of tidal flow into the estuary 2710. The estuary 2710 itself can have an artificially created floor, such as a false floor as previously described herein.

[0085] 17A-17C include several additional features or enhancements from the previously described devices and / or systems, which are discussed below. Estuary 2710 includes water pipe 2752. Water pipe 2752 is selectively communicable with waterway 2713. Water pipe 2752 can have doors / sluice gates 2753 or the like that can be opened or selectively closed to the volume of waterway 2713 within estuary 2710. Similarly, doors / sluice gates can be located within or adjacent water pipe 2752, for example, adjacent outlet 2754 therefrom. In this manner, water pipe 2752 with the doors / sluice gates closed can hold / retain a volume of water for use as needed, in the manner of a weir or reservoir similar to weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B. The water pipe 2752 may have an outlet 2754 outside the wall 2712 of the estuary 2710 .

[0086] Additionally, one or more water turbines 18B can be located within or adjacent to the outlet 2754 to the water pipe 2752. The water pipe 2752 can be constructed of concrete, steel, or other suitable materials. The location of the water pipe 2752 relative to the height of the wall 2712 can vary with each example and depending on the relative location within the estuary 2710 (e.g., closer to the sluice gate 2719 relative to the water flow capture device 2750). Although the outlet 2754 is shown midway between the top of the wall 2712 of the estuary 2710 and the floor 2726 of the estuary 2710, this location is purely exemplary. The outlet 2754 could, for example, be adjacent to or at the floor 2726. While a single water pipe 2752 is shown in FIGS. 17A-17C, the present invention contemplates utilizing multiple such pipes in different locations and at different relative heights relative to the floor 2726.

[0087] 17A-17C contemplate the use of one or more water turbines 18B located at the outlet 2756 from the weir / reservoir 2715A and / or the weir / reservoir 2715B, as further discussed with respect to FIG.

[0088] The water current capture device 2750 can have a housing formed by the outer nacelle 2602, as discussed in the previous embodiment. The outer nacelle 2602 can be shaped to form a venturi in the area of the water turbine 18B (FIG. 17C). The water turbine 18B can be located within the outer nacelle 2602, within or adjacent to the venturi. A sluice gate / door can regulate the flow of captured tidal water from the river mouth 2710 to the water current capture device 2750. The water current capture device 2750 can be located, for example, at the most restricted, narrowest cross-sectional area location of the river mouth 2710. This location can be adjacent to the weir / reservoir 2715A and / or the weir / reservoir 2715B. However, other locations for water flow capture device 2750 are also contemplated, such as outlet 2756 from weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B and / or outlet 2754 from water pipe 2752.

[0089] The power generation system 2714 has many of the components discussed above and therefore will not be discussed in detail. In some cases, the power generation system 2714 may have the same structure as the power generation system 2600 described above. However, it is contemplated that only a single water turbine 18B having a single rotor may be utilized with the power generation system 2714 and water current capture device 2750. This may reduce or otherwise modify the number of shafts, power split couplings, gears for the gearbox, and flywheels used by the power generation system 2714 compared to the power generation system 2600.

[0090] 18 shows the aforementioned estuary 2710 at high tide. Gates 2719 at estuary 2710 can be opened to allow tidal currents to enter estuary 2710. Gates 2719A to water flow capture device 2750 can be opened or closed as needed. Similarly, gates to weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B can be opened or closed as needed.

[0091] FIG. 19 shows that at low tide (or indeed at neap tide or after high tide), floodgates 2719 to the estuary 2710 can be selectively closed to capture and store water within the estuary 2710 . As shown in FIG. 20 , during low tide and / or neap tide, water captured within estuary 2710 can be released in a controlled manner. For example, the captured tidal water can be released into water current capture device 2750 to rotate a hydro turbine 18B. The flow of tidal water to water current capture device 2750 can be selectively controlled, for example, by a sluice gate / door 2719A ( FIG. 18 ). As an example, during low tide, water can be released from estuary 2710 to water current capture device 2750 or another hydro turbine 18B (e.g., at an outlet to weir / reservoir 2715A and / or an outlet to weir / reservoir 2715B and / or an outlet to water pipe 2752). During neap tide, as much as half the volume of estuary 2710 can be provided to and pass through water current capture device 2750. New neap tides can replenish or maintain the water level in the estuary 2710, thereby allowing tidal flow to continue into and through the water flow capture device 2750. As discussed above, the water flow into and out of the estuary 2710 can be controlled as desired by the dispatch center to achieve power generation during peak periods of power usage. Power storage and regeneration as discussed herein are also contemplated to replenish / store power for use as needed.

[0092] FIG. 21 shows a system 2800 consisting of several of the aforementioned estuaries 2710 arranged or connected together. Exterior walls 2802 can be used to link multiple estuaries 2710 together, narrowing and funneling incoming tidal flow into each estuary 2710. This system 2800 with exterior walls 2802 can capture even more incoming tidal flow. Safety gates 2804 can be provided within the exterior walls 2802 as needed to allow for the diversion of water flow in the event of a hurricane, cyclone, or other extreme weather event that could otherwise cause storm surges that could damage the exterior walls 2802 and / or the estuary 2710. FIG. 21 also shows a door / gate 2758 on a water pipe 2752 within the estuary 2710, which can be selectively opened and closed as needed.

[0093] Figure 22 shows the process of filling and emptying one of the weir / reservoirs 2715A and / or 2715B of the estuary 2710 (Figures 17A-21). A similar process using a drum was described earlier with respect to Figure 4 of this application. However, Figure 22 provides further details regarding timing, etc. Weir / reservoir 2715A and / or 2715B have drums that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to change the water level in the reservoir using displacement and water held in the drum.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 22, drum 2900 can be mounted on hydraulic actuator 2902. Hydraulic actuator 2902 can be operated by pressure from, for example, an accumulator (see FIGS. 15A-17C) or other pressure vessel. During low tide, weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B can be drained until empty (see step (1) to the viewer's left). During high tide (while estuary 2710 is full or filling), weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B and drum 2900 can be filled as shown in step (2). Outflow from weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B can rotate hydro-turbine 18B, as previously described. The buoyancy of drum 2900, in conjunction with hydraulic actuator 2902, can raise drum 2900 to a position in step 3. As the tide drops (as shown in step 3), the water level in weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B drops. However, by hydraulically raising and / or lowering drum 2900 using hydraulic actuator 2902, the water level in weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B can be selectively displaced higher or lower to maintain a desired flow rate to hydro turbine 18C. Additionally, water captured by drum 2900 during filling at high tide can be selectively emptied into weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B to change the water level therein as desired. As shown in step (4), once drum 2900 is empty, the drum can be lowered, allowing the water level in weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B to rise again by displacement, increasing the flow rate to water turbine 18C.

[0095] Figure 23 shows an alternative process for filling and emptying one of the weir / reservoirs 2715A and / or 2715B of the estuary 2710 (Figures 17A-21). The process of Figure 23 differs from the process of Figure 22 in that hydraulic actuator 2902 is not required to raise the full drum 2900. Drum 2900 can be filled at high tide, with actuator 2902 in the extended position. As the water level in weir / reservoir 2715A and / or 2715B drops as the tidal flow decreases, drum 2900 can be selectively lowered into the volume of weir / reservoir 2715A and / or 2715B to displace the water level higher. Eventually, the water in drum 2900 can be emptied again, raising the water level in weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B. The empty drum may float freely near the top of the water level in weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B, or may remain coupled to hydraulic actuator 2902, and eventually return to the lowered position with hydraulic actuator 2902 in the lowered state, as shown to the far right of the viewer. The empty drum 2900 is then ready to be lifted again by hydraulic actuator 2902 to the raised / extended position, as shown in the image to the left of the viewer, for filling at high tide.

[0096] 22 and 23 show a process for generating power by controlling weir / reservoir 2715A and / or weir / reservoir 2715B to begin discharging water as the water level drops, so that the output is semi-steady with the water turbine 18B. As the water level drops and the water flow slows, the process can begin to lower and / or empty the drum 2900, so that the volume decreases the water height but the power remains elevated.

[0097] Figures 24A-24C show an artificially created or man-made estuary 3010 similar to the estuary 10 and estuary 2710 described in Figures 1 and 17A-17C, but with created structures. The primary creation is the addition of additional weirs / reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA and / or weirs / reservoirs 3015B, 3015BB, as discussed further herein. However, additional creations, such as the addition of multiple water pipes 3052, are also contemplated.

[0098] Estuary 3010 can have walls 3012 forming riverbanks having the exemplary shape shown above for walls 2712 in Figures 17A-17C. This shape narrows incoming tidal currents along channel 3013, funneling them into weir / reservoir 3015A, weir / reservoir 3015AA, weir / reservoir 3015B, weir / reservoir 3015BB, and / or water flow capture device 2750 to raise the water level. Figures 24A-24C show that wall 3012 can be made from multiple materials, such as, for example, rock and steel. Wind turbine 18A can be attached to various parts of the estuary, such as wall 3012, weir / reservoir 3015A, and weir / reservoir 3015B.

[0099] 24A-24C, constructed estuary 3010 includes power generation system 3014 in communication with a power generation system such as a power grid, a generator, a battery station, an accumulator, a hydrogen production facility, etc. Power generation system 3014 may include components similar to systems 14, 2600, and 2700 described above. Additionally, power generation system 3014 may include a water turbine powered by flow from water pipe 3052, weir / reservoir 3015A, weir / reservoir 3015AA, weir / reservoir 3015B, and weir / reservoir 3015BB in addition to (or instead of) water flow capture device 2750.

[0100] The components of power generation system 3014 will not be discussed in detail, but may include multiple flywheels similar to system 2600 of Figures 15A-16D. Power generation system 3014 may include, for example, a water turbine, a water flow capture device 2750, a shaft, a power split coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, and a generator.

[0101] Weir / reservoir 3015A and weir / reservoir 3015AA can be selectively in communication with each other via passageway 3018A. Weir / reservoir 3015B and weir / reservoir 3015BB can be selectively in communication with each other via passageway 3018B. Passageway 3018A can be selectively closed (e.g., by a door) so that weir / reservoir 3015A and weir / reservoir 3015AA can each be emptied and refilled individually, including using a drum in the manner of the weir / reservoir discussed earlier herein. Passageway 3018B can be selectively closed (e.g., by a door or gate as shown) so that weir / reservoir 3015B and weir / reservoir 3015BB can each be emptied and refilled individually, including using a drum in the manner of the weir / reservoir discussed earlier herein. The use of this additional weir / reservoir (compared to the previous design shown in the previous figures) provides further opportunities to meter and control power generation via off-flow from weir / reservoir 3015A, weir / reservoir 3015AA, weir / reservoir 3015B, and / or weir / reservoir 3015BB.

[0102] 25 shows a system 3100 for wave power generation. System 3100 can include an assembly 3102 including a water wheel 3104, a frame 3106, cylinders 3108 and 3108A, a shaft 3110, a differential 3112, a male splined shaft 3114, a female splined shaft 3116, a gearbox 3118, a power split coupling 3120, a flywheel 3122, a pump motor 3124, a generator 3126, and an accumulator 3128. System 3100 can further include a wave guide assembly 3130 including a wall 3132, a channel 3133, and a venturi 3134.

[0103] System 3100 and assembly 3102 may be constructed similarly to the water wheel-including system and assembly described in the present inventor's pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 432,245, entitled "IN-AND-OUT WAVE CAPTURE APPARATUS SYSTEM AND PROCESS," filed December 13, 2022.

[0104] The water wheel 3104 may be rotatably coupled to the frame 3106 via a cylinder 3108. The cylinder 3108 may be telescoping to adjust the position of the water wheel 3104 to match the height of the waves. The cylinder 3108 may be height adjustable via a controller in communication with one or more sensors mounted on the buoy, as discussed in the applicant's pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 432,245. A shaft 3110 may be coupled to the water wheel 3104 and may be rotated by the water wheel 3104 when rotated by the action of waves striking the paddles of the water wheel 3104. The shaft 3110 may be coupled to a differential 3112. The differential 3112 and other components (e.g., shaft 3110, male spline shaft 3114, female spline shaft 3116, gearbox 3118, power split coupling 3120, flywheel 3122, pump motor 3124, etc.) may be supported on a cylinder 3108A, which may be raised and lowered relative to the seabed or another structure in response to wave action, tides, etc. The differential 3112 may be, for example, a 90-degree differential and may be coupled, for example, to the male spline shaft 3114 or to another shaft or component. The male spline shaft 3114 may connect with the female spline shaft 3116. The female spline shaft 3116 may be coupled with the gearbox 3118. A shaft or other coupling may connect the power split coupling 3120 with the gearbox 3118. Shafts (some not explicitly shown) may connect the flywheel 3122 , pump motor 3124 , generator 3126 and accumulator 3128 with the power split coupling 3120 .

[0105] The assembly 3102 may or may not be utilized in combination with a wave guiding assembly 3130. The assembly 3102 does not need to be positioned adjacent a wall or other obstacle to capture the action of bouncing waves as previously described herein. If utilized, the wall 3132 of the wave guiding assembly 3130 may be shaped to focus the action of the waves, narrowing them and funneling them into the venturi 3134. An outlet from the venturi 3134 may be located adjacent the ocean side of the assembly 3102. The venturi 3134 may be shaped, for example, to provide a roof that limits the height of waves passing to the water turbine 3104.

[0106] 26A and 26B show a system 3200 that includes two or more of the estuaries 3010 described above with respect to FIGS. 24A-24C and a power generation system 3014 in combination with the system for wave power generation 3100 of FIG.

[0107] 26A and 26B show that the system 3200 can include a floor 3228 configured as a shelf or slope 3202 configured to raise tidal and / or wave heights in or along an outwardly open estuary 3210 or in or along a channel leading to the selectively closeable estuary 3010. While the estuary 3010 has a floodgate to retain tidal waters within the estuary 3010, the estuary 3210 is open to the ocean and does not retain tidal flow. Rather, the estuary 3210 is configured to raise the level of tidal and / or wave water entering the system 3200, and in particular, entering the estuary 3010.

[0108] System 3200 can include features for capturing tidal water during spring tides. Spring tides typically occur during a new or full moon and when the moon is at perigee, or during certain seasons, such as spring, and can be higher than normal tides. To this end, ramp 3202 can be configured to rise during such events. This can increase the height of water entering estuary 3010 during such events, thereby capturing a greater amount of water when the floodgates to estuary 3010 are closed. Furthermore, during such events, weir / reservoir 3015A, weir / reservoir 3015AA, weir / reservoir 3015B, and weir / reservoir 3015BB can all open toward the main channel to capture tidal flow. Thus, during such a spring tide event, weir / reservoir 3015A can be opened to communicate with weir / reservoir 3015AA and / or weir / reservoir 3015B can be opened to communicate with weir / reservoir 3015BB. Once filled to a desired level during a spring tide event, weir / reservoir 3015A can be closed off from weir / reservoir 3015AA to capture excess tidal water, and weir / reservoir 3015AA and / or weir / reservoir 3015B can be closed off from weir / reservoir 3015BB to capture this excess tidal water. This additional tidal water is retained by weir / reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA, 3015B, and 3015BB for additional power generation at times desired by the dispatch center. Although the estuaries 3010 are depicted as including four weir / reservoirs for each estuary 3010, the present application contemplates that more or less than four weir / reservoirs per estuary 3010 may be utilized within the spirit of this example.

[0109] 27 shows a system 3300 including artificial weirs 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D. Weirs 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D can be formed of masonry, such as tailings, or other materials (concrete, steel, etc.). System 3300 utilizes naturally occurring or partially artificial land formations 3302, such as islands, to form additional boundaries for estuary 3310. At least weir 3315A, which forms the entrance to estuary 3310, has a wall 3332 that forms a tidal guide assembly 3330, which can be shaped to concentrate tidal action and narrow the tides as they funnel into estuary 3310. This narrowing and funneling action, together with weirs 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, can significantly raise the tidal level within estuary 3310 (e.g., an additional 10-20 meters above what would otherwise occur). Each of weirs 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, or some of weirs 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, can have an associated floodgate (only one floodgate 3304A is shown in FIG. 27) and channel 3305A that can be selectively opened or closed to allow water to enter or exit along channel 3305A. Floodgate 3304A (and additional floodgates not shown), together with weirs 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, can hold tidal waters at a desired level / height within estuary 3310. Additionally, each of the weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C, or some of the weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C, can have an associated power generation system 3414 (labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 in FIG. 29 ), which can be located adjacent to the weirs 3415A, 3415B, 3415C, such as within or adjacent to the doors / gates 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E. This power generation system 3314 can include, at a minimum, a water turbine and shafting, and optionally, other components such as a flywheel and other components similar to system 2600 of FIGS. 15A-16D .The power generation system 3314 may include, for example, in addition to the water turbine, a water flow capture device, a shaft, a power split coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, and a generator.

[0110] FIG. 28 illustrates the artificial construction of the tidal estuary 10A, previously shown in FIG. 9, with weirs 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, including locks 3304B and 3304D associated with weirs 3315B and 3315D. As shown in FIG. 28, 3315B and 3315C and locks 3304B and 3304D can regulate the flow of tidal water through the channel into and out of additional mouths / reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA. The flow from estuary 10A to mouths / reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA can be utilized using the devices and systems discussed herein, for example, for power generation. The mouths / reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA can be used to store additional water, which can then be utilized again for power generation at the outflow when power generation is desired. Thus, once the tide level at estuary 10A drops sufficiently relative to estuary / reservoirs 10AA and / or 10AAA, floodgates 3304B and / or 3304D can be opened, allowing water to flow along the channel from estuary / reservoirs 10AA and / or 10AAA back to estuary 10A. Such flow can cause hydro-turbines to rotate, creating power that is captured by power generation system 3314. In this way, the partly man-made and partly natural inflows and outflows from estuaries / reservoirs 10A, 10AA, and 10AAA can be utilized for power generation.

[0111] FIG. 29 shows an example of a system 3400 including three artificial weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C and a plurality of tidal flow-enhancing walls 3432 that, together with the weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C, form channels 3405A, 3405B, and 3405C. The weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C and the walls 3432 may be formed of masonry, such as tailings, or other materials (concrete, steel, etc.). The system 3400 may be installed in an extended tidal region, such as on a tidal shelf adjacent a shoreline, or other suitable location. While FIG. 29 describes "shore-side" and "sea-side," these orientations are exemplary and variations on these orientations are contemplated. Additionally, the seaward tidal beds leading to channels 3405A, 3405B, and 3405C may be raised as previously described and illustrated herein.

[0112] Weirs 3415A and 3415B can each have a flow-through inlet (shown as a rectangle) to river mouths 3410A and 3410B, respectively. Additionally, weirs 3415A and 3415B can each have a flow-through outlet (shown as a rectangle) to channels 3405A and 3405B, respectively. The present application contemplates that power generation systems 3414 may be installed at or adjacent to these inlets and outlets for power generation. Power generation system 3414 may be installed adjacent to or at the inlet for power generation during incoming tides (e.g., high tide), and power generation system 3414 may be installed at or adjacent to the outlet for power generation during outgoing tides (e.g., low tide). Additionally, it is recognized that the inlet and outlet functions may be reversed (e.g., the inlet may be used as an outlet) during certain tidal conditions for power generation or to provide additional flow to weirs 3415A and 3415B. Therefore, the labels "entrance" and "exit" should not be considered limiting.

[0113] Weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C may be separated from one another by wall 3432 and doors / sluice gates 3404A, 3404B, and 3404C. Additional doors / sluice gates 3404D and 3404E may be utilized to selectively isolate weirs 3415A and 3415B from channel 3405C. Doors / sluice gates 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E may be selectively opened and closed as needed, taking into account tidal conditions. Doors / sluice gates 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E, in conjunction with weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C, may maintain tidal waters at a desired level / elevation. Door / sluice gate 3404C can allow flow passage between weir 3415A and weir 3415B. Note that doors / sluice gates 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D, and 3404E can be selectively opened or closed during particular tidal conditions. For example, door / sluice gate 3404E, which provides an entrance for tidal flow into weir 3415B, can remain closed during neap tides so that tidal flow is directed primarily to weir 3415A and, if necessary, to weir 3415C. This ensures that sufficient water level is achieved within weir 3415A for power generation, even during low tides. Weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C can be of different volumes (e.g., different heights and / or areas) and can be filled appropriately considering the tides and volumes of the particular weir.

[0114] Additionally, each of the weirs 3415A, 3415B and 3415C, or some of the weirs 3415A, 3415B and 3415C, may have an associated power generation system 3414 (labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4 in FIG. 29), which may be located adjacent to the weirs 3415A, 3415B and 3415C, such as within or adjacent to the doors / gates 3404A, 3404B, 3404C, 3404D and 3404E.

[0115] As discussed and illustrated above, many of the walls 3432 form tidal guide assemblies that can be configured to concentrate tidal action and funnel the tides into each of the weirs 3415A, 3415B, 3415C and estuaries 3410A, 3410B in a constricting manner. The present application contemplates that power generation systems 3414 can be installed in various high-velocity flow regions, designated by numbers 5, 6, 7, and 8, within the estuaries 3410A and 3410B and channels 3405A and 3405B. This constricting and funneling action, along with the weirs 3415B, 3415C, and 3415D, can significantly raise tide levels within various sections of the system 3400 (e.g., 10-20 meters additional height than would otherwise occur). Wall 3434 may optionally be formed as a flow divider leading to and from weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C, allowing for separation of the discharge or inflow to each of weirs 3415A, 3415B, and 3415C. Note that although weirs 3415A and 3415B are shown approximately equal distances from the "shore side," the locations of weirs 3415A and 3415B relative to the "shore side" may be staggered as desired.

[0116] Power generation system 3414 can include, at a minimum, a water turbine and shafting, and can optionally include other components such as a flywheel and other components similar to system 2600 of Figures 15A-16D. For example, in addition to the water turbine, power generation system 3414 can include a water flow capture device, a shaft, a power split coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, and a generator.

[0117] Figures 30 and 31 show a system 3500 that is configured in a manner similar to system 3400 of Figure 29. System 3500 includes fewer power generation systems and doors / gates than system 3400 of Figure 29, but is otherwise configured in a very similar manner.

[0118] FIG. 32 illustrates another system 3600 for power generation that utilizes at least two doors, such as the sluice gates and / or door 3494C of FIG. 29 described in FIGS. 29-31, and an artificial wall as previously discussed that narrows and funnels tidal currents to raise the water level. The concept of FIG. 32 can be applied to any of the aforementioned systems and is therefore not limited to the examples of FIGS. 29-32. The at least two doors can include, for example, a smaller (short) door 3602 and a larger (wide) door 3604. One or both of the smaller door 3602 and the larger door 3604 can be height-adjustable (raising and lowering, such as by sliding along a specially configured wall section) as the height of the tidal water changes. The smaller door 3602 and the larger door 3604 can be positioned adjacent to a false shelf or other sloped region. This false shelf or sloped area can be within an area of trapped water (e.g., an estuary or weir, as previously described) and allows tidal flow over the smaller door 3602 and / or larger door 3604 down the false shelf or slope toward a power generation assembly (e.g., example power generation units such as those shown as 3414 in FIG. 29 and other examples previously described). According to another example, the false shelf or sloped surface can be located on an opposite side of the doors 3602, 3604 from the area of trapped water.

[0119] In system 3600, the trapped water can be sent out to sea in various ways as discussed above for hydroelectric power generation by current, or can be returned to the weir to fill the weir more quickly. The larger door 3604 can be opened (lowered) during incoming tides to facilitate faster filling of the trapped water area and sending tidal flow to the power-generating assembly. However, during low tides (neap tides) and slower tidal flows, such as during tidal outflow or inflow, the larger door 3604 can be raised to block the water flow (keeping water within the trapped water area) and allow less water to be pumped over the smaller door 3602 (which is at a height adjustable with changes in water level) to the power-generating assembly, which may be located adjacent to the smaller door 3602. Thus, system 3600 relies on adjustable-height doors 3602 and / or 3604, which are movable with tidal height to control the amount of tidal flow into and out of the trapped water area. In this door configuration, water movement (flow) to the power generation assembly can be maintained by slowly adjusting the height of the doors via sliding or other movement of the smaller door 3602 and / or larger door 3604. The heights of the smaller door 3602 and larger door 3604 can be adjusted in combination with one another, according to some examples. Again, the goal can be to adjust the height of the smaller door 3602 and / or larger door 3604 to keep water flowing from or into the area of confined water and to the power generation assembly, which can be located within the area of confined water, adjacent to the area of confined water, adjacent to a false shelf or ramp, and / or adjacent to the smaller door 3602 and / or larger door 3604.

[0120] Each of these non-limiting examples (referred to as aspects and / or techniques) can exist alone or can be combined in various permutations or combinations with one or more of the other examples.

[0121] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for use in power generation using water resulting from tides into an estuary system, the system including a plurality of estuaries, a plurality of waterways including at least one waterway in communication with each of the plurality of estuaries, a plurality of weirs in selective communication with at least one of the plurality of waterways, at least two of the weirs configured to selectively receive a portion of the water resulting from the tides and selectively discharge at least a portion of the water, and one or more hydro-turbines disposed in or adjacent one or both of an inlet to and an outlet from at least two of the plurality of weirs, each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load imposed by the inflow or outflow of at least a portion of the water.

[0122] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the one or more hydro turbines include at least two hydro turbines, one hydro turbine of the at least two hydro turbines located within an estuary of a plurality of estuaries, and another hydro turbine of the at least two hydro turbines located within a waterway of a plurality of waterways.

[0123] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a plurality of estuaries include a first estuary in communication with a first channel of the plurality of waterways and a second estuary in communication with a second channel of the plurality of waterways, wherein a majority of the water in the first channel and the first estuary bypasses a plurality of weirs, and a majority of the water in the second channel and the second estuary bypasses a plurality of weirs.

[0124] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the outlets from at least two of the plurality of weirs include at least two outlets, one of the at least two outlets being an outlet to a first estuary and another of the at least two outlets being an outlet to a first waterway.

[0125] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least two of the plurality of weirs include a first weir that includes at least two outlets. In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least two of the plurality of weirs include a second weir including at least two second outlets, one of the at least two outlets being an outlet to a second estuary and another of the at least two second outlets being an outlet to a second waterway.

[0126] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the plurality of weirs includes at least one third weir in selective communication with the first weir and the second weir.

[0127] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more hydro turbines include hydro turbines located in any two or more of a first estuary, a first waterway, a second estuary, and a second waterway.

[0128] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, the system further comprising a plurality of floodgates selectively isolating the plurality of weirs from one another. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to generate torque at the motor output in response; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, the generator generating electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft, torque at the motor output, or both.

[0129] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of an estuary system are artificially formed to raise the water level of a tidal flow into a plurality of weirs.

[0130] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a water level in one or more of a plurality of weirs is selectively controlled by at least an outlet. In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method of operating one or more hydro turbines for power generation, the method including forming at least a portion of one or more walls to create a plurality of estuaries, a plurality of weirs, and a plurality of channels; positioning one or more hydro turbines adjacent to one or more of a plurality of weirs in at least some of the plurality of estuaries and at least some of the plurality of channels; receiving a flow of water resulting from tides into the plurality of estuaries, the plurality of weirs, and the plurality of channels; retaining the water in one or more of the plurality of weirs; selectively releasing water from one or more of the plurality of weirs during low tide as a first outlet flow that rotates first rotors of the one or more hydro turbines; and selectively releasing the water from one or more of the plurality of weirs during low tide as a second outlet flow that rotates second rotors of the one or more hydro turbines.

[0131] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, in which a first rotor is located within one of a plurality of estuaries and a second rotor is located within one of a plurality of waterways.

[0132] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the plurality of estuaries includes a first estuary in communication with a first one of the plurality of waterways and a second estuary in communication with a second one of the plurality of waterways, wherein a majority of the water in the first waterway and the first estuary bypasses the plurality of weirs, and a majority of the water in the second waterway and the second estuary bypasses the plurality of weirs.

[0133] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which a first outflow from a first weir of a plurality of weirs is directed to a first estuary and a second outflow is directed to a first waterway.

[0134] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which a first weir of a plurality of weirs includes at least two outlets for a first outflow stream and a second outflow stream. In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the plurality of weirs includes a second weir having a second at least two outlets, one of the second at least two outlets communicating with a second estuary and another of the second at least two outlets communicating with a second waterway.

[0135] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method in which the plurality of weirs includes at least one third weir in selective communication with the first weir and the second weir. In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method, in which the one or more hydro turbines include hydro turbines located in any two or more of a first estuary, a first waterway, a second estuary, and a second waterway.

[0136] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising a plurality of floodgates selectively isolating the plurality of weirs from one another. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for use in generating power from the flow of water resulting at least in part from the reception of tides by an artificially formed estuary, the system including one or more walls and obstacles that together at least partially enclose an area forming the estuary, a channel between the one or more walls and the obstacles configured for the flow of water out of the estuary, and one or more hydro-turbines disposed in the channel formed between the obstacles and the one or more walls, each hydro-turbine having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load imposed by the flow of water out of the estuary.

[0137] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more water channels formed within or adjacent to the obstruction and configured to at least receive a flow of water into the estuary as a result of tides, and one or more second water turbines disposed within or adjacent an opening to the second one or more water channels, each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load imposed by the flow of water into the estuary as a result of tides.

[0138] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to generate torque at the motor output in response; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, the generator generating electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft, torque at the motor output, or both.

[0139] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more wave power generators positioned adjacent to or on the ocean wall side of the obstacle. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, the system further including one or more wind turbines located in or adjacent to an estuary.

[0140] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more floodgates configured to selectively open and close to control the flow of water into and out of an estuary.

[0141] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more floodgates are part of a weir that at least partially defines a waterway. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more floodgates are located at one or more of an entrance to a waterway, within the waterway, adjacent to a tunnel or passage through an obstacle, and / or within a tunnel or passage through an obstacle.

[0142] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one of a waterway or one or more water turbines disposed within the waterway has a venturi.

[0143] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one or both of one or more walls and obstacles at an estuary are artificially formed to raise the level of tidal flow into a reservoir in fluid communication with the estuary.

[0144] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a reservoir has at least one sluice gate for regulating the flow of water, and the water level in the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by displacement caused by a drum.

[0145] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one or both of one or more walls or obstacles at an estuary are artificially created to raise the water level of a water flow exiting the estuary along a waterway.

[0146] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the estuary includes multiple estuaries that are at least one of joined together, staggered in series, or arranged in parallel.

[0147] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one of a plurality of estuaries has only a single channel for the flow of water exiting a respective one of the plurality of estuaries.

[0148] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a power split transmission coupling includes a cam ring and a hub disposed between an input shaft and an output shaft, and a hydraulic fluid disposed between the cam ring and the hub, the hub including a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein, the plurality of vanes being movable between a retracted position and one or more extended positions therebetween, wherein in the retracted position the input shaft is independently rotatable relative to the output shaft, and in the one or more extended positions the plurality of vanes act on the hydraulic fluid to rotate the input shaft at an adjustable torque ratio. The dynamic split transmission coupling is configured to transfer torque from the power split transmission coupling to the output shaft, the dynamic split transmission coupling further including an inlet port communicatively coupled to a hydraulic fluid source, the inlet port being operable to transport hydraulic fluid to the power split transmission coupling, and an outlet port having a closed configuration and an at least partially open configuration, the outlet port being operable to release hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling through the outlet port in response to a power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, the released hydraulic fluid exiting the power split transmission coupling and being stored under pressure.

[0149] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a system further including a compressor configured to compress a gas; and a plurality of pressure vessels, one or more of which are in selective communication with the compressor, the plurality of pressure vessels including at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed at a high gas pressure, at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed at a low gas pressure relative to the high gas pressure, and at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed at a pressure intermediate to the high and low gas pressures.

[0150] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed at a low gas pressure includes a piston accumulator having a piston residing therein.

[0151] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which gas from one of at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed at a high gas pressure and at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed at an intermediate pressure selectively drives movement of a piston in a piston accumulator.

[0152] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a piston accumulator is configured to hold hydraulic fluid on a first side of the piston and a gas on a second side of the piston.

[0153] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a hydraulic motor is in selective communication with a piston accumulator for storage of hydraulic fluid. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a hydraulic motor is selectively powered by hydraulic fluid stored in a piston accumulator.

[0154] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method of operating one or more hydroelectric turbines for power generation, the method including forming at least a portion of one or more walls or obstacles to create an estuary; disposing one or more turbines in a channel formed between the one or more walls and obstacles that form portions of the estuary; receiving a flow of water resulting from tides into the estuary; retaining the water in one or more of a plurality of weirs; and selectively discharging the water as an outflow along the channel formed between the one or more walls and obstacles, the outflow rotating rotors of the one or more turbines.

[0155] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further including: adjusting a power split transmission coupling to transfer torque from a rotor to a generator by actuating hydraulic fluid, the generator converting mechanical power to electrical power; responsive to electrical power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold, diverting high-pressure hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling to maintain electrical power generated by the generator at or below the threshold; storing the hydraulic fluid diverted from the power split transmission coupling in a storage vessel; and responsive to electrical power generated by the generator being below the threshold, introducing the stored hydraulic fluid at high pressure to a hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor operably coupled to the generator and configured to transfer mechanical power to the generator for electrical power generation.

[0156] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising providing one or more wave power generating devices disposed on or adjacent to the obstacle. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising providing one or more wind turbines located within or adjacent to an estuary.

[0157] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising providing one or more floodgates configured to selectively open and close to control the flow of water into and out of the estuary.

[0158] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method in which providing one or more floodgates includes providing a weir, the one or more floodgates being part of the weir that at least partially forms the waterway.

[0159] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method in which providing one or more floodgates includes disposing the floodgates at one or more of an entrance to a waterway, within the waterway, adjacent to a tunnel or passage through an obstacle, and / or within a tunnel or passage through an obstacle.

[0160] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which at least one of a waterway or one or more water turbines disposed within the waterway has a venturi.

[0161] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a system for use in power generation using water resulting from tides into an estuary, the system including one or more channels formed between an obstruction and a wall of the estuary, the one or more channels configured to receive outflow of water from the estuary, and one or more hydro-turbines disposed in the one or more channels, each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load imposed by the outflow of water along the one or more channels from the tidal estuary.

[0162] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to generate torque at the motor output in response; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, the generator generating electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft, torque at the motor output, or both.

[0163] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, the system further including one or more second waterways passing through the obstruction, the second one or more waterways configured to receive an inflow of water into the estuary.

[0164] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes one or more floodgates that regulate the inflow and outflow of water into and out of the estuary. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least some of the one or more floodgates are part of a weir that forms at least one of the one or more waterways or a second one or more waterways.

[0165] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one of the one or more water turbines, the one or more water passages, or the second one or more water passages includes a venturi.

[0166] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one or both of one or more walls and obstacles at an estuary are artificially created to raise the water level of tidal flow into a reservoir in fluid communication with the estuary.

[0167] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a reservoir has at least one sluice gate for regulating the flow of water, and the water level in the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by displacement of water by a drum.

[0168] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one or both of one or more walls or obstacles at an estuary are artificially created to raise the water level of a water flow exiting the estuary along a waterway.

[0169] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the estuary includes multiple estuaries that are at least one of joined together, staggered in series, or arranged in parallel.

[0170] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which at least one of a plurality of estuaries has only a single channel for the flow of water exiting a respective one of the plurality of estuaries.

[0171] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for use in generating power from the flow of water resulting at least in part from the reception of tides by an artificially created estuary, the system including one or more walls, a floor, one or more sluice gates configured to selectively open and close to control the flow of water into and out of the estuary, the one or more walls, floor, and one or more sluice gates together enclosing a volume including the estuary for capturing water from the tides, at least one of a water flow capture device, a pipe configured to receive the flow of water exiting the estuary, or a reservoir, and one or more hydro-turbines positioned within the water flow capture device, at or adjacent an outlet of the pipe, or at or adjacent an outlet of the reservoir, each hydro-turbine having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load imposed by the flow of water exiting the estuary.

[0172] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a pipe includes a plurality of pipes extending across at least a portion of an estuary, each of the plurality of pipes configured to receive a portion of water received by the estuary as a result of tides.

[0173] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a reservoir includes a plurality of reservoirs in selective communication with an estuary for receiving water resulting from tides.

[0174] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the plurality of reservoirs includes at least two reservoirs that are in selective communication via opening a door or gate.

[0175] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the water level in one or more of a plurality of reservoirs is selectively raised or lowered by displacement of a drum.

[0176] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a drum is filled at high tide and selectively drained to change the level of water in one or more of a plurality of reservoirs.

[0177] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system further including a second estuary in selective communication with the estuary, the second estuary open to the ocean and having an artificial bed configured to raise water levels as a result of tides being received by the estuary.

[0178] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the artificially constructed bed includes a sloped surface adjacent to a floodgate. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to generate torque at the motor output in response; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, the generator generating electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft, torque at the motor output, or both.

[0179] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, the system further comprising one or more wave power generators positioned adjacent to the estuary. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, further comprising one or more wind turbines coupled to one or more walls.

[0180] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a water flow capture device forms a venturi and one or more water turbines are disposed within the venturi.

[0181] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of an estuary are artificially formed to raise the water level of tidal flow into a water flow capture device.

[0182] In some embodiments, the techniques described herein relate to systems 49-53, in which an estuary includes multiple estuaries connected together by walls forming a second estuary open to the ocean, the second estuary having an artificially constructed bed.

[0183] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of an estuary are artificially formed to raise the water level of tidal flow into a plurality of reservoirs.

[0184] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a power split transmission coupling includes a cam ring and a hub disposed between an input shaft and an output shaft, and a hydraulic fluid disposed between the cam ring and the hub, the hub including a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein, the plurality of vanes being movable between a retracted position and a fully extended position, or one or more partially extended positions therebetween, wherein in the retracted position the input shaft is independently rotatable relative to the output shaft, and in the one or more extended positions the plurality of vanes act on the hydraulic fluid, and the adjustable transmission coupling includes a cam ring and a hub disposed between an input shaft and an output shaft, the hub including a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein, the plurality of vanes being movable between a retracted position and a fully extended position, or one or more partially extended positions therebetween, wherein in the retracted position the input shaft is independently rotatable relative to the output shaft, and in the one or more extended positions the plurality of vanes act on the hydraulic fluid, and The dynamic split transmission coupling is configured to transmit torque from the input shaft to the output shaft at a torque ratio of 1 / 2, and the dynamic split transmission coupling further includes an inlet port communicatively coupled to a hydraulic fluid source, wherein hydraulic fluid can be transported to the power split transmission coupling, and an outlet port having a closed configuration and an at least partially open configuration, wherein hydraulic fluid can be released from the power split transmission coupling through the outlet port in response to a power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, the released hydraulic fluid exiting the power split transmission coupling and being stored under pressure.

[0185] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method for operating one or more hydro-turbines to generate power, the method including forming at least a portion of one or more walls or floors to create an estuary; disposing one or more hydro-turbines adjacent to or within the estuary; receiving a flow of water resulting from tides into the estuary; retaining the water in one or more of a plurality of weirs; and selectively releasing the water as an outflow from the estuary, the outflow rotating rotors of the one or more hydro-turbines.

[0186] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method in which at least one of the one or more hydro turbines is part of a water flow capture device at or adjacent to an outlet to a pipe extending through one or more walls, or adjacent to or at an outlet from a reservoir in communication with and receiving water from an estuary.

[0187] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which the water level in a reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by a drum. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which a drum is filled at high tide and selectively drained to vary the water level in the reservoir.

[0188] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising forming a second estuary in selective communication with the estuary, the second estuary open to the ocean and having an artificial bed configured to raise water levels as a result of tides being received by the estuary.

[0189] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, in which the artificially constructed floor comprises a sloped surface. In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further including: adjusting a power split transmission coupling to transfer torque from a rotor to a generator by actuating hydraulic fluid, the generator converting mechanical power to electrical power; responsive to electrical power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold, diverting high-pressure hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling to maintain electrical power generated by the generator at or below the threshold; storing the hydraulic fluid diverted from the power split transmission coupling in a storage vessel; and responsive to electrical power generated by the generator being below the threshold, introducing the stored hydraulic fluid at high pressure to a hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor operably coupled to the generator and configured to transfer mechanical power to the generator for electrical power generation.

[0190] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, the method further comprising providing one or more wind turbines located within or adjacent to an estuary. In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a method in which selectively releasing water includes directing water through a venturi to one or more water turbines.

[0191] In some aspects, techniques described herein relate to a system for use in power generation using tidal water into an estuary, the system including: a plurality of reservoirs in communication with the estuary, the plurality of reservoirs configured to receive tidal water from the estuary; and one or more hydro turbines disposed in or adjacent to an outlet from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs, each hydro turbine having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load imposed by the outflow of water from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

[0192] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to generate torque at the motor output in response; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, the generator generating electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft, torque at the motor output, or both.

[0193] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of an estuary are artificially formed to raise the water level of tidal flow into a plurality of reservoirs.

[0194] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which the water level in one or more of a plurality of reservoirs is selectively raised or lowered by displacement caused by a selectively movable drum.

[0195] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which a drum is filled at high tide and selectively drained to change the level of water in one or more of a plurality of reservoirs.

[0196] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for use in power generation using tidal water into an estuary. The system can optionally include a plurality of reservoirs in communication with the estuary and one or more turbines. Each of the plurality of reservoirs can be formed in part by an artificial weir and each can be formed in part by a naturally occurring land formation. The plurality of reservoirs can be configured to receive tidal water from the estuary. One or more hydro-turbines can be located within or adjacent to a lock or channel from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs. The one or more hydro-turbines can each have a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load imposed by the inflow or outflow of water from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

[0197] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to systems in which an estuary is formed at least in part artificially, with one or more artificial walls, and at least in part by naturally occurring land formations.

[0198] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system that further includes a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to generate torque at the motor output in response; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, the generator generating electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft, torque at the motor output, or both.

[0199] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of at least one of the artificial weirs are artificially formed to raise the water level of a water flow resulting from a tidal flow into a plurality of reservoirs.

[0200] The above Detailed Description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the Detailed Description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as "examples." Such examples may include elements other than those shown or described. The inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Moreover, the inventors also contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to any other example (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.

[0201] In the event of a conflict in usage between this document and any document so incorporated by reference, the usage in this document shall prevail. As used herein, the terms "a" or "an" are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more, regardless of any other instance or usage of "at least one" or "one or more." The term "or" is used herein to refer to a non-exclusive or, unless otherwise indicated, such that "A or B" includes "A but not B," "B but not A," and "A and B." The terms "including" and "in which" are used herein as the plain-English equivalents of the terms "comprising" and "wherein," respectively. Also, in the following claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are open-ended, i.e., systems, devices, articles, compositions, formulations, or processes that include elements in addition to those listed after such terms in a claim are still considered to be within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0202] Method embodiments described herein may be implemented, at least in part, by a machine or computer. Some embodiments may include a computer-readable or machine-readable medium encoded with instructions operable to configure an electronic device to perform a method such as that described in the above embodiments. Such method implementations may include code, such as microcode, assembly language code, higher-level language code, etc. Such code may include computer-readable instructions for performing various methods. The code may form parts of a computer program product. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the code may be tangibly stored, such as during execution or at other times, on one or more volatile, non-transitory, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media. Examples of these tangible computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a removable optical disk (e.g., a compact disk and a digital video disk), a magnetic cassette, a memory card or stick, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), etc.

[0203] The above description is intended to be illustrative, not limiting. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments may also be utilized, such as upon review by one of ordinary skill in the art of the above description. The Abstract is provided in accordance with 37 U.S.C.R. §1.72(b) to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. The Abstract has been submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be construed as intending that any unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may reside in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description as an example or embodiment, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that such embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Claims

1. 1. A system for use in power generation using water resulting from tides into an estuary, comprising: Several river mouths and a plurality of waterways including at least one waterway in communication with each of a plurality of estuaries; a plurality of weirs in selective communication with at least one of the plurality of waterways, at least two of the plurality of weirs configured to selectively receive a portion of water resulting from tides and selectively discharge at least a portion of the water; one or more water turbines disposed in or adjacent one or both of the inlets to and outlets from the at least two of the plurality of weirs, each water turbine having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by the inflow or outflow of at least a portion of the water; A system including:

2. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydro-turbines include at least two hydro-turbines, one hydro-turbine of the at least two hydro-turbines located within an estuary of the plurality of estuaries, and another hydro-turbine of the at least two hydro-turbines located within a waterway of a plurality of waterways.

3. 3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of estuaries include a first estuary communicating with a first waterway of the plurality of waterways and a second estuary communicating with a second waterway of the plurality of waterways, and wherein a majority of the water in the first waterway and the first estuary bypasses the plurality of weirs, and a majority of the water in the second waterway and the second estuary bypasses the plurality of weirs.

4. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the outlets from the at least two of the plurality of weirs include at least two outlets, one of the at least two outlets being an outlet to the first estuary and another of the at least two outlets being an outlet to the first waterway.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least two of the plurality of weirs includes a first weir that includes the at least two outlets.

6. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least two of the plurality of weirs include a second weir including a second at least two outlets, one of the second at least two outlets being an outlet to the second estuary and another of the second at least two outlets being an outlet to the second waterway.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of weirs includes at least one third weir in selective communication with the first weir and the second weir.

8. 8. The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the one or more water turbines include water turbines located in any two or more of the first estuary, the first waterway, the second estuary, and the second waterway.

9. 9. The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a plurality of floodgates selectively isolating the plurality of weirs from one another.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to divert hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the diverted hydraulic fluid under pressure; a hydraulic motor including a motor output configured to receive the stored hydraulic fluid under pressure and to responsively generate torque at the motor output; a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, the generator generating electrical power in response to at least one of rotation of the output shaft, torque of the motor output, or both; The system further comprises:

11. 11. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein one or more walls of the estuary system are artificially formed to raise the level of tidal water flow into the plurality of weirs.

12. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the water level in one or more of the plurality of weirs is selectively controlled by at least the outlet.

13. 1. A method of operating one or more water turbines for generating power, comprising: forming at least a portion of one or more walls to create a plurality of estuaries, a plurality of weirs, and a plurality of channels; disposing the one or more water turbines adjacent to one or more of the plurality of weirs in at least some of the plurality of estuaries and at least some of the plurality of waterways; receiving tidal flow into the plurality of estuaries, the plurality of weirs, and the plurality of waterways; retaining the water in one or more of the plurality of weirs; selectively releasing the water from one or more of the plurality of weirs at low tide as a first outflow for rotating first rotors of the one or more water turbines; selectively discharging the water as a second outlet stream for rotating a second rotor of the one or more water turbines; and A method comprising:

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first rotor is located in one of the plurality of estuaries and the second rotor is located in one of the plurality of waterways.

15. 15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the plurality of estuaries includes a first estuary in communication with a first one of the plurality of waterways and a second estuary in communication with a second one of the plurality of waterways, and wherein a majority of the water in the first waterway and the first estuary bypasses the plurality of weirs, and a majority of the water in the second waterway and the second estuary bypasses the plurality of weirs.

16. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first outflow from a first weir of the plurality of weirs is directed to the first estuary and the second outflow is directed to the first waterway.

17. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first weir of the plurality of weirs includes at least two outlets for the first and second outflow streams.

18. 18. The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the plurality of weirs includes a second weir having a second at least two outlets, one of the second at least two outlets communicating with the second estuary and another of the second at least two outlets communicating with the second waterway.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of weirs includes at least one third weir in selective communication with the first weir and the second weir.

20. 20. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein the one or more water turbines include water turbines located in any two or more of the first estuary, the first waterway, the second estuary, and the second waterway.

21. 21. The method of any one of claims 13 to 20, further comprising a plurality of sluice gates selectively isolating the plurality of weirs from one another.

22. 22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the plurality of floodgates includes a first floodgate of a first width and a second floodgate of a second width, and one or more of the plurality of floodgates are height adjustable to selectively raise and lower to control the inflow or outflow of the at least a portion of water into or from at least one of the plurality of estuaries.

23. 13. The system of any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a plurality of doors including a first door of a first width and a second door of a second width, wherein one or more of the plurality of doors are height adjustable to selectively raise and lower to control inflow or outflow of the at least a portion of the water into or from at least one of the plurality of estuaries.

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