Design table and design method

Abstract

To provide a design table and a design method that enable optimization and simplification of the design of a piping system utilizing the siphon phenomenon.SOLUTION: The design table is for a piping system having a vertical pipe and performing drainage using the siphon phenomenon, and comprises: a first column indicating a plurality of ranges of a height of the piping system in ascending order, and a plurality of second columns located adjacent to the first column, and indicating a drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when the siphon phenomenon is utilized for the vertical pipe diameter corresponding to the respective ranges. The height is a height at which the siphon phenomenon is effective, and is represented by a distance in the vertical direction between an upstream open point and a downstream open point of the piping system. The drainage capacity is a drainage capacity in a piping configuration in which the center axis of the upstream open point and the center axis of the downstream open point do not coincide. For each of the ranges, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is a representative value of the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in the corresponding range. The second columns are arranged in ascending order of the pipe diameter from the first column side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a design table and a design method. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a rainwater drainage structure that utilizes the siphon principle. The structure has a drain outlet provided in a reservoir that stores rainwater and a drain pipe for discharging the rainwater from the drain outlet, and the height of the reservoir is higher than the total head of water generated by the reverse gradient of the drain pipe, including the water seal trap. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-139659 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The drainage capacity of a piping system is preferably set within an appropriate range depending on the size of the building in which the piping system is installed, the surrounding environment of the building, etc. Generally, the larger the building, the greater the drainage capacity required. Also, if the planned construction site of a building is an area with relatively high rainfall, greater drainage capacity is required.

[0005] Patent Document 1 discloses several methods for calculating the flow rate of wastewater. However, calculating the flow rate of wastewater requires specialized knowledge, and it is often difficult for users without specialized knowledge to calculate the flow rate of wastewater.

[0006] The present disclosure provides design tables and methods that allow for optimization and simplification of the design of piping systems that utilize siphoning. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A design table according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a design table for a piping system having vertical pipes and using the siphon effect to drain water, the design table having a first column showing multiple ranges of the height of the piping system in ascending order of height, and multiple second columns adjacent to the first column showing the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes when using the siphon effect for each of the vertical pipe diameters in the multiple ranges, where the height is the height at which the siphon effect is effective and is expressed as the distance between the upstream opening point and the downstream opening point of the piping system in the vertical direction, the drainage capacity is the drainage capacity for a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point and the central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide, and in each of the multiple ranges, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is a representative value of the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in the corresponding range, and the multiple second columns are arranged in ascending order of pipe diameter from the first column side.

[0008] A design table according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a design table for a piping system having a vertical pipe and using siphoning to drain water, the design table having a first column showing multiple numerical values for the height of the piping system from top to bottom in ascending order of height, and multiple second columns to the right of the first column showing the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when using siphoning for each of the multiple numerical values for the diameter of the vertical pipe, where the height is the height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as the distance between the upstream opening point and the downstream opening point of the piping system in the vertical direction, the drainage capacity includes the drainage capacity for a first piping type and the drainage capacity for a second piping type, the first piping type being a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point coincides with the central axis of the downstream opening point, and the second piping type being a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point coincides with the central axis of the downstream opening point, and the multiple second columns being arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter.

[0009] A design table according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a design table for a piping system having vertical pipes and draining water by utilizing the siphon effect, and includes a first column indicating, from top to bottom, a plurality of indicators of the height of the piping system in ascending order of height, a second column to the right of the first column including a plurality of first sub-columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in a first piping type when utilizing the siphon effect for each of the plurality of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter, and a second column to the right of the first column including a plurality of first sub-columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in a second piping type when utilizing the siphon effect for each of the plurality of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter. the height is the height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as the distance between the upstream opening point and the downstream opening point of the piping system in the vertical direction, the first piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point coincides with the central axis of the downstream opening point, and the second piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point does not coincide with the central axis of the downstream opening point, and in the second column, the multiple first sub-columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter, and in the third column, the multiple second sub-columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter.

[0010] A design method according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a design method for a piping system that has vertical pipes and drains water using the siphon effect, and includes determining the roof area and height of the building on which the piping system is to be installed, determining the rainfall at the location of the building, and determining a required flow rate, which is the flow rate that the piping system is required to achieve, based on the roof area of the building and the rainfall at the location of the building.Based on the design table, the height of the building is set to the height of the piping system, and determining the diameter of the vertical pipes and the number of vertical pipes to be installed that will satisfy the required flow rate. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] Aspects of the present disclosure allow for optimization and ease of design of piping systems that utilize siphoning. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 is a flowchart of a design method according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] Schematic diagram of an example building [Figure 3]Schematic diagram of the first piping type of the piping system [Figure 4] Schematic diagram of the second piping type of the piping system [Figure 5] Illustrative diagram of the calculation model for the first piping type of piping system [Figure 6] A graph showing the relationship between height and flow rate in a piping system [Figure 7] Illustration of the calculation model for the second piping type of the piping system [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a design table used in a design method according to an embodiment. [Figure 9] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 1 [Figure 10] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 2 [Figure 11] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 3 [Figure 12] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 4 [Figure 13] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 5 [Figure 14] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 6 [Figure 15] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 7 [Figure 16] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 8 [Figure 17] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 9 [Figure 18] Explanatory diagram of design table for variant 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] [1. Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, more detailed description than necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed description of already well-known matters or redundant description of substantially identical configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary redundancy in the following description and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Note that the inventor(s) provide the accompanying drawings and the following description to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0014] Unless otherwise specified, the positional relationships such as up, down, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings. Each drawing described in the following embodiments is a schematic drawing, and the ratios of the size and thickness of each component in each drawing do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios. Furthermore, the dimensional ratios of each component are not limited to the ratios shown in the drawings.

[0015] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between multiple components, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are added to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from each other by the symbols attached to them, the prefixes such as "first" and "second" may be omitted in consideration of readability of the text.

[0016] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between multiple components, suffixes such as "-1" and "-2" are added to the symbols of the components. However, when it is not necessary to distinguish between multiple components, the suffixes "-1" and "-2" may be omitted to improve readability.

[0017] [1.1 Configuration] FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a design method according to one embodiment. The design method according to this embodiment can be used to design a piping system. The piping system has a vertical pipe and is designed to drain water using the siphon effect. The piping system is, for example, a gutter system. In a gutter system, the vertical pipe is also called a downspout. The gutter system is used to drain rainwater from a building to a manhole on the ground. Examples of buildings include non-residential facilities such as stores, offices, factories, buildings, schools, welfare facilities, and hospitals, as well as residential facilities such as detached houses, apartment buildings, or individual units of detached houses or apartment buildings. Non-residential facilities also include theaters, movie theaters, public halls, amusement parks, complexes, department stores, hotels, inns, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping malls, stations, and airports.

[0018] Referring to FIG. 1, the design method according to this embodiment determines the roof area and height of the building in which the piping system is to be installed (S1).

[0019] The roof area is the area of the part or all of the roof that receives rainwater for the piping system. The roof area is not the area of the roof itself, but the area when the roof is projected onto a horizontal plane (projected roof area). The roof area can be determined from the structure of the building. There are various types of roofs, such as gable roofs, hip roofs, gambrel roofs, single-shed roofs, square roofs, semi-gable roofs, sloping roofs, ridge roofs, sawtooth roofs, and butterfly roofs. Based on the roof type and the dimensions of the building, the roof area corresponding to the piping system can be determined.

[0020] 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of a building 200. The building 200 has a roof 210. The roof 210 is a gable roof. The roof 210 has a ridge 211, a first eaves edge 212-1, and a second eaves edge 212-2. In the roof 210, the section between the ridge 211 and the first eaves edge 212-1 is a first roof section 213-1, and the section between the ridge 211 and the second eaves edge 212-2 is a second roof section 213-2.

[0021] Consider the piping system located at the first eaves 212-1.

[0022] The piping system arranged at the first eaves edge 212-1 receives rainwater from the first roof portion 213-1. The roof area corresponding to the piping system arranged at the first eaves edge 212-1 is the roof area of the first roof portion 213-1. The roof area of the first roof portion 213-1 is calculated by the length L1 [m] of the first eaves edge 212-1 and the distance L2 [m] between the ridge 211 and the first eaves edge 212-1 in the horizontal plane. The roof area of the first roof portion 213-1 is expressed as S [m 2 ], then S can be expressed as S = L1 × L2.

[0023] The height of the piping system to be placed at the first eaves edge 212-1 is substantially equal to the height H [m] from the ground to the first eaves edge 212-1 in the building 200, so the height H from the ground to the first eaves edge 212-1 can be treated as the height of the piping system to be placed at the first eaves edge 212-1.

[0024] The roof area and height of the building in which the piping system is to be installed can be determined based on architectural drawings of the building, etc.

[0025] Referring to FIG. 1, the design method according to this embodiment determines the amount of rainfall at the location of the building (S2).

[0026] Rainfall intensity is used to represent the rainfall at a building location. Rainfall intensity is the amount of rainfall per unit time. Rainfall intensity can be identified from the building's location. For example, the rainfall intensity for the region to which the building belongs can be obtained from regional rainfall intensity information including rainfall intensities for two or more regions. The two or more regions may be, but are not limited to, prefectures and cities, towns, and wards within prefectures in Japan. Rainfall intensity may be determined based on data provided by the national government, local governments, or companies. As an example, rainfall intensity can be determined from rainfall intensity data provided by each prefecture and prefecture-specific rainfall intensity formulas provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The building location may be the location where the building actually exists or the location where the building is planned to be built.

[0027] Next, the required flow rate of the piping system is determined (S3). The required flow rate of the piping system is the flow rate that the piping system is required to achieve. The required flow rate can be the maximum value of the flow rate of rainwater from the building to the piping system. The required flow rate is calculated from the roof area of the building and the rainfall (rainfall intensity) at the building location. The required flow rate is expressed as Q R [l / s], roof area is S [m 2 ], and the rainfall intensity is R [m / s], Q R Q R =S×R.

[0028] Next, the diameter and number of vertical pipes to be installed are determined (S4).

[0029] The diameter of the vertical pipe corresponds to the diameter of the pipe in the piping system. The diameter of the pipe in the piping system corresponds to the inner diameter of the flow path in the piping system. Conventionally, pipe materials of different sizes have been provided as pipe materials that can be used to construct piping systems. The nominal diameter can be used as the size of the pipe material. The nominal diameter may be, for example, the nominal diameter in the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) in JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe." In the following, the nominal diameter is used as the diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0030] Table 1 shows an example of the nominal diameter of VP rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe in the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) in JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe." In Table 1, the units for the outer diameter (standard dimension), thickness (minimum dimension), and approximate inner diameter are in mm.

[0031] [Table 1]

[0032] Table 2 shows an example of the nominal diameter of VU rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe in the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe." In Table 2, the units of outer diameter (standard dimension), thickness (minimum dimension), and approximate inner diameter are in mm.

[0033] [Table 2]

[0034] The number of vertical pipes installed is the number of vertical pipes used in the piping system. By changing the number of vertical pipes installed, the required drainage capacity of the vertical pipes can be changed. The required drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe. The required drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is q r , the number of installed vertical pipes is n, then q r =Q R / n. In other words, the required drainage capacity of a vertical pipe is expressed as the required flow rate of the piping system divided by the number of vertical pipes installed.

[0035] The number of vertical pipes to be installed may be determined arbitrarily. For example, if you want to reduce the cost per vertical pipe, you can simply increase the number of installed vertical pipes. In other words, as the number of installed vertical pipes increases, the required drainage capacity of the vertical pipes decreases, so the cost per vertical pipe can be reduced. On the other hand, there are cases where the number of installed vertical pipes is limited due to design conditions, and in this case, the required drainage capacity of the vertical pipes increases.

[0036] The drainage capacity of a vertical pipe is the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when siphoning is used. The drainage capacity of a vertical pipe when siphoning is used does not refer to the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe during so-called normal drainage, but rather to the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when siphoning occurs and is maintained in the piping system. The drainage capacity of a vertical pipe when siphoning is used is affected by siphoning. Hereinafter, for the sake of clarity, unless otherwise specified, "drainage capacity" refers to the drainage capacity when siphoning is used. The drainage capacity of a vertical pipe is expressed as the flow rate at the downstream opening point of a piping system with one vertical pipe. When designing a piping system, a guaranteed flow rate is often used based on the actual flow rate value. Therefore, in this embodiment, the drainage capacity of a vertical pipe includes the guaranteed flow rate at the downstream opening point of the piping system.

[0037] Next, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe will be explained.

[0038] There are various piping types for piping systems. The piping type specifies the shape of the flow path in the piping system. For example, the shape of the flow path can be a straight shape, a bent shape, a branched shape, etc. The piping type does not necessarily include the cross-sectional area of the flow path, the length of the flow path, etc. The piping type can correspond to a classification of the piping system. In this embodiment, a first piping type and a second piping type are used as the piping types. The first piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point and the central axis of the downstream opening point coincide. In the example of a gutter system, the first piping type is a piping type for a gutter system in which the central axis of the rainwater outlet from the building coincides with the central axis of the vertical pipe (downspout). The second piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point and the central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide. In the example of a gutter system, the piping type is a piping type for a gutter system in which the central axis of the rainwater outlet from the building does not coincide with the central axis of the vertical pipe (downspout).

[0039] 3 is a schematic diagram of a rain gutter system 100A corresponding to the first piping type. The rain gutter system 100A receives rainwater from the roof 210 of a building 200A and drains it into a manhole 310 on the ground 300. The rainwater collected in the manhole 310 flows from the manhole 310 through an underground pipe 320 and out into a rainwater pipe.

[0040] The gutter system 100A includes an eaves gutter 120, a vertical pipe 130, and a drain 140.

[0041] The eaves gutter 120 catches rainwater from the roof 210 of the building 200A. The eaves gutter 120 is installed under the roof 210 of the building 200A. The eaves gutter 120 is shaped like a long bucket. The eaves gutter 120 has a bottom wall 120a. The bottom wall 120a has a drop opening 120b.

[0042] The drain 140 is disposed at the outlet 120b of the eaves gutter 120. The drain 140 reduces the generation of vortices and the entrainment of air at the outlet 120b. The drain 140 may contribute to the generation of siphoning. The drain 140 may have a known configuration.

[0043] The vertical pipe 130 is installed to drain rainwater from the drop outlet 120b. The vertical pipe 130 is fixed to the wall surface 220 of the building 200 by support brackets 131a, 131b, and 131c. The vertical pipe 130 forms a flow path for vertically flowing rainwater from the drop outlet 120b. In the rain gutter system 100A, no branch pipes from the eaves gutter other than the eaves gutter 120 are connected to the vertical pipe 130. In other words, the system is configured so that rainwater from drop outlets other than the drop outlet 120b does not flow into the vertical pipe 130.

[0044] The vertical pipe 130 has an upstream end 130a and a downstream end 130b. The upstream end 130a is the end of the vertical pipe 130 that is connected to the drop outlet 120b (the upper end in FIG. 3). The vertical pipe 130 is directly connected to the drop outlet 120b. That is, rainwater falls vertically into the vertical pipe 130 from the drop outlet 120b and flows into the manifold 310. The downstream end 130b is the end of the vertical pipe 130 that is inserted into the manifold 310 (the lower end in FIG. 3). A drain pipe cover 132 is arranged to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manifold 310 through a gap between the vertical pipe 130 and the manifold 310.

[0045] In the gutter system 100A, the vertical pipe 130 is directly connected to the outlet 120b, and the central axis of the outlet 120b for rainwater from the building 200A coincides with the central axis of the vertical pipe 130. In the first piping type, the flow path of the piping system is linear. This first piping type is also commonly referred to as a straight pipe type.

[0046] 4 is a schematic diagram of a rain gutter system 100B corresponding to the second piping type of the piping system. The rain gutter system 100B receives rainwater from the roof 210 of a building 200B and drains it into a manhole 310 on the ground 300. The rainwater collected in the manhole 310 flows from the manhole 310 through an underground pipe 320 and into a rainwater pipe.

[0047] Building 200B has longer eaves than building 200A. If building 200B were to directly connect vertical pipe 130 to drop outlet 120b, the distance between vertical pipe 130 and wall surface 220 of building 200B would become too large, and the construction standards for vertical pipe 130 would no longer be met. Rain gutter system 100B has a structure suitable for buildings with long eaves.

[0048] The gutter system 100B includes an eaves gutter 120, a vertical pipe 130, a drain 140, a nominal gutter 150, a first elbow 161, a second elbow 162, and a connecting pipe 170.

[0049] The gutter 120, the downpipe 130 and the drain 140 of the gutter system 100B are similar to the gutter 120, the downpipe 130 and the drain 140 of the gutter system 100A.

[0050] Unlike the gutter system 100A, the downpipe 130 in the downpipe system 100B is not directly connected to the downspout 120b. The downpipe 130 is connected to the downpipe 120b via the nominal downpipe 150, the first elbow 161, the second elbow 162, and the connecting pipe 170.

[0051] The downspout 150 is located between the downspout 120b for rainwater from the building 200B and the vertical pipe 130. A first elbow 161 connects the upstream end 150a of the downspout 150 to the downspout 120b. A second elbow 162 connects the downstream end 150b of the downspout 150 to the upstream end 130a of the vertical pipe 130. A connecting pipe 170 connects the downspout 120b and the first elbow 161.

[0052] In the gutter system 100B, the vertical pipe 130 is connected to the drop outlet 120b via the inlet pipe 150, and the central axis of the drop outlet 120b for rainwater from the building 200A does not coincide with the central axis of the vertical pipe 130. In the second piping type, the shape of the flow path of the piping system is not straight but bent, particularly crank-shaped or S-shaped. The second piping type is also commonly called the elbow type.

[0053] The piping type of a piping system is determined based on factors such as the shape of the building in which the piping system is installed. Generally, the first piping type (straight pipe type) is more likely to be selected than the second piping type (elbow swing type) because it requires fewer components and has a simpler structure. The second piping type (elbow swing type) allows for relatively flexible positioning of the vertical pipe 130 relative to the rainwater outlet 120b from the building 200A. Therefore, the second piping type can be suitably used to address building structural issues (e.g., the position of the vertical pipe relative to the building cannot be determined in advance, the distance between the eaves gutter and the building wall is far, or windows must be avoided). Furthermore, in the first piping type, the dimensional change of the vertical pipe 130 due to thermal contraction directly affects the drain 140. However, in the second piping type, the second elbow 162 reduces the impact of the dimensional change of the vertical pipe 130 due to thermal contraction, thereby protecting the drain 140. Similarly, in the first piping type, the effect of misalignment of the eaves gutter 120 due to thermal contraction of the roof 210 of the building 200A directly affects the drain 140, but in the second piping type, the first elbow 161 can reduce the effect of misalignment of the eaves gutter 120, thereby protecting the drain 140.

[0054] The height of a piping system is the height at which siphoning is effective, meaning the height at which the piping is not broken, there are no sections completely open to the outside air, and siphoning is maintained. The height of a piping system is expressed as the vertical distance between the upstream and downstream opening points of the piping system. The upstream opening point of a piping system is the section upstream of the piping system that is open to outside air pressure. The downstream opening point of a piping system is the section downstream of the piping system that is open to outside air pressure. There is no section completely open to outside air between the upstream and downstream opening points of the piping system. In other words, the downstream opening point is the point that is open to atmospheric pressure and where siphoning stops. Therefore, the upstream opening point and the downstream opening point can be said to be the upstream and downstream ends of the range in which siphoning is maintained in the piping system.

[0055] In the gutter systems 100A and 100B, the upstream opening point is the lower end of the drain 140, and the downstream opening point is the opening of the downstream end 130b of the vertical pipe 130. In the gutter systems 100A and 100B, the height of the piping system is defined as h [m]. h is the vertical distance between the lower end of the drain 140 and the opening of the downstream end 130b of the vertical pipe 130. Note that the upstream opening point may be the upper or lower end of the drop opening 120b, rather than the lower end of the drain 140. Generally, the height h of the piping system is determined solely by the length of the vertical pipe 130, and the change in h depending on whether the upper opening point is the drain 140 or the drop opening 120b is considered to be negligibly small compared to the length of the vertical pipe 130. In the gutter system 100A, if the building 200A has eaves and the vertical pipe 130 is once opened to atmospheric pressure at the eaves, the downstream opening point is not the opening at the downstream end 130b of the vertical pipe 130, but the part of the eaves that is open to atmospheric pressure. In other words, the vertical length from the bottom end of the drain 140 to the part of the vertical pipe 130 that is open to atmospheric pressure at the eaves is the height at which the siphon effect is effective, i.e., the height h of the piping system.

[0056] Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of a calculation model of the first piping type of the piping system of Figure 3. In the calculation model of the first piping type, the flow path between the upstream open point 111 and the downstream open point 112 is defined by a vertical pipe 130. Here, the potential energy at the upstream open point 111 is H1, the pressure is P1, and the kinetic energy is V1. The potential energy at the downstream open point 112 is H2, the pressure is P2, and the kinetic energy is V2. The sum of the pressure losses due to the piping members of the piping system is ΣD. The total pipeline pressure loss of the piping system is D. P In this case, the following equation (1) holds true according to Bernoulli's theorem.

[0057]

number

[0058] The difference between the potential energy H1 at the upstream opening point 111 and the potential energy H2 at the downstream opening point 112 is determined by the difference in height between the upstream opening point 111 and the downstream opening point 112. If the units of H1 and H2 are m, then H1-H2=h.

[0059] The pressure P1 at the upstream opening point 111 and the pressure P2 at the downstream opening point 112 are both zero.

[0060] Since the flow velocity at the upstream opening point 111 is 0, the difference between the kinetic energy V1 at the upstream opening point 111 and the kinetic energy V2 at the downstream opening point 112 is determined by the flow velocity at the downstream opening point 112. If the flow velocity at the downstream opening point 112 is V0 and the unit of V2 is m, then V2 = V0 2 / (2g) [m], where g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0061] In the first piping type, ΣD can be expressed as ΣD = Da + Dc. Da is the pressure loss (inlet pressure loss) at the upstream open point 111. Dc is the sum of other small pressure losses that occur in the piping system. For example, Dc includes pressure losses that occur due to steps at the joints between pipes in the piping system.

[0062] If the flow velocity is V and the unit of ΣD is m, then ΣD=Σd·V 2 / g=(da+dc)·V 2 / g. da and dc can be determined in advance based on experimental evaluation of the gutter system 100A, etc.

[0063] Pipe pressure loss D P Let d be the diameter of the piping system (i.e., the diameter of the vertical pipe), λ be the pipe friction coefficient, L be the length of the piping system, and V be the flow velocity. P If the unit of is m, D P is given by the following equation (2).

[0064]

number

[0065] Since the inner wall of a piping system is usually smooth, the pipe friction factor λ can be calculated using an equation that depends on the Reynolds number. For example, when the Reynolds number Re is less than 2320, the Hagen-Poiseuille law allows us to use λ = 64 / Re. When the Reynolds number Re is 3 x 10 3 ~1×10 5 In this case, according to the Blasius equation, λ=0.3164×Re -1 / 4 can be used. When the Reynolds number Re is 1×10 5 ~3×10 6 In this case, according to the Nikuladze formula, λ=0.0032+0.221×Re -0.237 The following describes the case where the Nikuladze formula is used. Note that the pipe friction coefficient λ is not limited to this, and may be determined using a predetermined chart or the like.

[0066] If the flow velocity at the downstream open point 112 is V0, the flow velocity V0 can be expressed by the following equation (3).

[0067]

number

[0068] In the above equation (3), f(Σd,L,d) is the friction loss coefficient of the squared flow velocity term and can be a function of Σd,L,d. f(L,d) is the friction loss coefficient of the 1.763 power of the flow velocity term and can be a function of L,d.

[0069] Σd is a coefficient corresponding to the sum of pressure losses due to the piping components of the piping system. In the first piping type, Σd = da + dc. As described above, da and dc can be determined in advance based on experimental evaluation of the gutter system 100A. Therefore, Σd can be specified based on the piping type. In the first piping type, L = h.

[0070] From the above equation (3), the flow velocity V0 can be calculated by specifying the pipe diameter d and the height h of the piping system.

[0071] The guaranteed value of the flow rate at the downstream opening point 112 is set based on the actual value of the flow rate at the downstream opening point 112. The actual value of the flow rate at the downstream opening point 112 is determined from the theoretical value of the flow rate at the downstream opening point 112 obtained using the flow velocity V0 calculated from the above equation (3).

[0072] The theoretical value of the flow rate at the downstream open point 112 is Q T Q T is expressed by the following equation (4).

[0073]

number

[0074] The actual value of the flow rate at the downstream open point 112 is Q A Then, Q A Q A = a × Q T The actual value is used in comparison with the theoretical value, and it means that it is closer to the true value than the theoretical value. a is the theoretical value of the flow rate Q T The actual value of the flow rate Q A a is the correction coefficient for converting the theoretical value Q of the flow rate at the downstream open point 112. T and the actual measurement value of the flow rate at the downstream opening point 112 of the gutter system 100A obtained by experiment. This makes it possible to present not only the theoretical value but also the flow rate based on the theoretical value and the actual measurement. The actual value of the flow rate Q A is based on actual measurements and is therefore suitable for setting a guaranteed value for a piping system, which is the flow rate at which the piping system can be used safely.

[0075] Figure 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the height of the piping system and the flow rate. The graph in Figure 6 corresponds to the first piping type, VP75 piping system. F11 is the theoretical value Q for the height h of the piping system. T The theoretical value Q at any height h is shown in the approximate curve. TThe ratio of the measured value to the theoretical value Q is used as a. For example, a is the theoretical value Q at h=3. T F12 can be calculated by multiplying the equation showing the approximate curve of F11 by a. In Figure 6, it can be seen that F12 is in good agreement with the measured value. Therefore, even for the configuration of a piping system in which the flow rate has not been evaluated by experiment or test, the theoretical value Q T By using this, it is possible to obtain the flow rate based on actual measurements. This allows the theoretical value Q of the flow rate at the downstream open point 112, which is determined by the pipe diameter d of the vertical pipe and the height h of the piping system. T From the above, the actual value Q of the flow rate at the downstream open point 112 A can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0076] The guaranteed value of the flow rate at the downstream open point 112 is Q G Then, Q G Q G =b×Q A b is the actual value of the flow rate Q A Guaranteed value Q for G b is the ratio of the above. b is the so-called safety factor in the design of a piping system. b may be determined appropriately taking into consideration various factors such as the amount of air mixed in the piping system, the height of the piping system, the piping type, the margin for the guaranteed value of the flow rate, and errors in the piping system (for example, shape errors of piping components, assembly errors, etc.). As an example, b may be set in the range of 0.7 to 0.9.

[0077] Therefore, the guaranteed flow rate Q at the downstream open point 112, which indicates the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe, is calculated using the diameter d of the vertical pipe and the height h of the piping system. G can be obtained.

[0078] Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a calculation model of the second piping type of the piping system of Fig. 4. In the calculation model of the second piping type, the flow path between the upstream opening point 111 and the downstream opening point 112 is defined by the vertical pipe 130, the intake pipe 150, the first elbow 161, the second elbow 162, and the connecting pipe 170.

[0079] The above formula (1) also holds true in the calculation model for the second piping type.

[0080] In the second piping type, ΣD can be expressed as ΣD=Da+Db1+Db2+Dc, where Db1 is the pressure loss in the vicinity of the first elbow 161. Db2 is the pressure loss in the vicinity of the second elbow 162.

[0081] In the second piping type, ΣD=Σd·V 2 / g=(da+db1+db2+dc)·V 2 / g. da, db1, db2, and dc can be determined in advance, for example, through experimental evaluation of the gutter system 100B. Σd can be specified based on the piping type as Σd=da+db1+db2+dc.

[0082] Therefore, in the second piping type as well, the flow velocity V0 can be expressed by the above formula (3).

[0083] Σd is a value determined by the second piping type. In the second piping type, Σd = da + db1 + db2 + dc. As described above, da, db1, db2, and dc can be determined in advance through experimental evaluation of the gutter system 100B. Therefore, Σd can be specified based on the piping type. In the second piping type, L = h + l. l is the length of the flow path defined by the main gutter 150, the first elbow 161, and the second elbow 162. When the first elbow 161 and the second elbow 162 are 90° elbows, l is expressed as the distance between the upstream opening point 111 and the downstream opening point 112 of the piping system in the horizontal direction. l may be determined in advance, for example, taking into consideration the construction constraints, average configuration, etc. of the gutter system 100B of the second piping type.

[0084] In the second piping type, the flow velocity V0 can also be calculated from the above formula (3) by specifying the pipe diameter d and the height h of the piping system.

[0085] In the second piping type, a and b can be determined in advance by experimental evaluation of the gutter system 100B. T , Q A , and Q G can be obtained.

[0086] Therefore, in the second piping type, the guaranteed value Q of the flow rate at the downstream open point 112, which indicates the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe, is calculated using the pipe diameter d of the vertical pipe and the height h of the piping system. G can be obtained.

[0087] As described above, the drainage capacity of a vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon effect is determined based on the height of the piping system and the diameter of the vertical pipe. In this embodiment, the drainage capacity of a vertical pipe is calculated based on the theoretical value Q of the flow rate of the vertical pipe. T , the actual value Q A , or guaranteed value Q G The drainage capacity of a downpipe may be affected by the piping type of the piping system. For example, the drainage capacity of a downpipe may vary depending on whether the piping system is a primary piping type or a secondary piping type.

[0088] As mentioned above, the flow velocity V0 can be calculated from the above equation (3) by specifying the pipe diameter d and the height h of the piping system. Once V0 is calculated, Q T , Q A , and Q G That is, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe can be determined for the piping type of the piping system, the height of the piping system, and the diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0089] The diameter and number of vertical pipes to be installed are determined using design table 10 shown in Figure 8.

[0090] Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 8, the design table 10 is partially omitted for the sake of simplicity.

[0091] The design table 10 is a design table for a piping system that has a vertical pipe and drains water by utilizing the siphon effect. The design table 10 has a first column 11 and a plurality of second columns 12-1 to 12-3.

[0092] The first column 11 lists multiple ranges of the piping system height in ascending order. The number of ranges is preferably two or more and less than five. In this embodiment, the number of ranges is two. More specifically, the multiple ranges include a first range and a second range. The first range is a range in which the piping system height is less than a threshold value. The second range is a range in which the piping system height is equal to or greater than a threshold value. The threshold value may be set based on various criteria for distinguishing between buildings. For example, the threshold value may be set to distinguish between low-rise buildings and mid- to high-rise buildings. The Building Standards Act stipulates that building heights in Type 1 low-rise residential districts and Type 2 low-rise residential districts must be within 10 meters or 12 meters. Taking this into consideration, the threshold value is preferably between 10 meters and 12 meters. However, the threshold value is not limited to this example and may be set appropriately taking into account the construction area of the target building, ease of understanding the boundary value for building height, and other factors. In this embodiment, the threshold value is 10 meters. In FIG. 8, the first range is shown as "10 m or less" and the second range is shown as "more than 10 m."

[0093] A plurality of second columns 12-1 to 12-3 are located next to the first column 11 and show the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes when the siphon phenomenon is utilized for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipes in each of a plurality of ranges.

[0094] In each of the second columns 12-1 to 12-3, the drainage capacity indicates the drainage capacity in a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream open point 111 and the central axis of the downstream open point 112 do not coincide (i.e., the second piping type).

[0095] In each of the second columns 12-1 to 12-3, the drainage capacity of each vertical pipe in a plurality of ranges is a representative value of the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in the corresponding range. The drainage capacity of a vertical pipe in a first range is a representative value of the drainage capacity in the first range, and the drainage capacity of a vertical pipe in a second range is a representative value of the drainage capacity in the second range. The representative value may be a statistical value such as a minimum value, a maximum value, a median value, an average value, or the like. From the viewpoint of ensuring the drainage capacity, the representative value may be a minimum value.

[0096] The second columns 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged in ascending order of pipe diameter from the first column 11 side. In Fig. 8, the second columns 12-1, 12-2, and 12-3 correspond to vertical pipe diameters VP75, VP100, and VP125, respectively. The second columns 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged in this order from the first column 11 side.

[0097] In this embodiment, multiple ranges (first range and second range) are arranged from top to bottom in ascending order of the height of the piping system in the first column 11. Multiple second columns 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged on the right side of the first column 11 from left to right in ascending order of the pipe diameter. The first column 11 and the second columns 12-1 to 12-3 constitute the columns of the design table 10.

[0098] Design Table 10 shows the relationship between the diameter of vertical pipes and the drainage capacity for the height of a piping system. Design Table 10 makes it easier for users to determine how to set the design conditions for a piping system (particularly the diameter and number of vertical pipes). This makes it easier to optimize the design of piping systems that utilize the siphon effect.

[0099] The inventors have focused on the fact that the height of a piping system (effective siphon height) not only determines whether siphoning occurs, but also affects the drainage capacity of vertical pipes. Conventionally, in piping systems such as rainwater drainage systems that utilize the siphon effect, the drainage capacity of a vertical pipe was the drainage capacity at the "minimum guaranteed height for siphoning," so regardless of the height of the piping system, the piping system had to be designed with the same drainage capacity, which meant that proposals could only be made that could lead to customer disadvantages, such as the number of vertical pipes being more than actually required or the diameter of the vertical pipes being larger than actually required.

[0100] However, as described above, by using Design Table 10, it is possible to optimize the design conditions (particularly the diameter and number of vertical pipes) of a piping system that utilizes the siphon phenomenon, and it is possible to present an optimal piping system that is more efficient than conventional systems and that does not result in waste for the customer.

[0101] Next, a brief explanation will be given of how to determine the diameter and number of vertical pipes using design table 10.

[0102] As an example, if the roof area S of a building is 2400 m 2 , rainfall intensity R is 5×10 -5 m / s, and the building height H is 13 m. In this case, the required flow rate Q R is 120 l / s.

[0103] When determining the diameter and number of vertical pipes to be installed, either the diameter or the number of vertical pipes to be installed may be provisionally determined.

[0104] Let's assume that the number of installations is decided to be 3. In this case, the required drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is 40 l / s.

[0105] Next, look at the first column 11 of the design table 10 to find the range corresponding to the height of the piping system. Since the building height H is 13 m, look for "10 m or more" in the first column 11 of the design table 10. After finding the range corresponding to the height of the piping system in the first column 11, move your gaze from the first column 11 to the second columns 12-1 to 12-3 to find the pipe diameter that will provide a drainage capacity equal to or greater than the required drainage capacity. Focusing on the second column 12-2 corresponding to the pipe diameter VP100, the drainage capacity is 42 l / s, which satisfies the required drainage capacity of the vertical pipe of 40 l / s. In this way, the diameter of the vertical pipe can be determined. In particular, the multiple second columns 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged on the right side of the first column 11 in ascending order of pipe diameter from left to right. Generally, people are better at moving their eyes left and right than up and down. This makes it easier to determine the diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0106] Let's assume that the pipe diameter is decided to be VP75.

[0107] Next, the second column 12 corresponding to the pipe diameter is found from the multiple second columns 12-1 to 12-3 in the design table 10. In particular, the multiple second columns 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged to the right of the first column 11 in ascending order of pipe diameter from left to right. Generally, people are better at moving their eyes left and right than up and down. This makes it easier to determine the diameter of the vertical pipe. After finding the second column 12-1 corresponding to the pipe diameter VP75 from the multiple second columns 12-1 to 12-3, the user moves their eyes downward to find the drainage capacity corresponding to the height of the piping system. For the pipe diameter VP75, the drainage capacity corresponding to "10m or more" in the first column 11 of the design table 10 is 28 l / s. In this way, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe can be determined.

[0108] If the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is 28 l / s, the required flow rate Q R The number of vertical pipes that satisfy =120 l / s is 5 or more.

[0109] In this way, by using the design table 10, the diameter and number of vertical pipes to be installed can be easily determined.

[0110] In particular, in Design Table 10, the height of the piping system is not divided into small numerical values (for example, in 1-meter increments), but is divided into broad ranges, intentionally reducing the amount of information. This improves the visibility of Design Table 10, making it easier to move your eyes from the height of the selected piping system to find the drainage capacity, reducing the possibility of misreading the drainage capacity value for the piping system height. This also simplifies the process of determining the diameter of the vertical pipes.

[0111] Furthermore, in design table 10, the second column 12-1 to 12-3, which indicate the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes, are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the vertical pipe diameter. This is because people normally read the table from left to right to find the appropriate value, and because piping system designers tend to choose vertical pipes with smaller diameters unless there are special circumstances, since the smaller the diameter, the cheaper the vertical pipe. In other words, because the columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the vertical pipe diameter, it is easy to arrive at the minimum pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity when reading the table from left to right.

[0112] Furthermore, in Design Table 10, the drainage capacity is the drainage capacity for the second piping type. The drainage capacity for the second piping type is usually lower than the drainage capacity for the first piping type. By adopting the drainage capacity for the second piping type as the drainage capacity, the possibility of insufficient drainage capacity during construction can be reduced.

[0113] In this way, by using the design table 10, the task of determining the diameter of the vertical pipe can be made easier.

[0114] [1.2 Effects, etc.] The above-described design table 10 is a design table for a piping system having vertical pipes and utilizing siphoning for drainage. The design table 10 includes a first column 11 listing multiple ranges of the piping system's height h in ascending order, and multiple second columns 12-1 to 12-3 adjacent to the first column 11, listing the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes when utilizing siphoning for each of the multiple ranges of vertical pipe diameter. The height h is the height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as the vertical distance between the upstream opening point 111 and the downstream opening point 112 of the piping system. The drainage capacity is the drainage capacity for a piping configuration in which the central axis of the upstream opening point 111 and the central axis of the downstream opening point 112 do not coincide. For each of the multiple ranges, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is a representative value of the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in the corresponding range. The multiple second columns 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged in ascending order of pipe diameter, starting from the first column 11. This configuration enables optimization and simplification of the design of piping systems utilizing siphoning.

[0115] In the design table 10, the number of the multiple ranges is equal to or greater than 2 and less than 5. This configuration can facilitate the task of determining the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0116] In the design table 10, the multiple ranges include a first range and a second range. The first range is a range where the height is less than a threshold value, and the second range is a range where the height is equal to or greater than a threshold value, the threshold value being 10 m or more and 12 m or less. This configuration can facilitate the task of determining the diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0117] In the design table 10, a first column 11 lists multiple ranges in ascending order of height from top to bottom, and a second column 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged on the right side of the first column in ascending order of pipe diameter from left to right. This configuration makes it easy to determine the diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0118] The design method described above is a method for designing a piping system that has vertical pipes and uses the siphon effect to drain water, and involves determining the roof area and height of the building on which the piping system will be installed (S1), determining the rainfall at the building's location (S2), determining the required flow rate, which is the flow rate that the piping system is required to achieve, based on the building's roof area and the rainfall at the building's location (S3), and determining the diameter of the vertical pipes and the number of vertical pipes to be installed that will satisfy the required flow rate, with the building's height being the height of the piping system, based on Design Table 10 (S4). This configuration makes it possible to optimize and simplify the design of a piping system that uses the siphon effect.

[0119] [2. Modifications] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments can be modified in various ways depending on the design, etc., as long as the object of the present disclosure can be achieved. Modifications of the above-described embodiments are listed below. The modifications described below can be applied in appropriate combinations.

[0120] [2.1 Variation 1] Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 20 according to Modification 1. The design table 20 can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 9, the design table 20 is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0121] The design table 20 has a first column 21 and a plurality of second columns 22-1 to 22-4.

[0122] The first column 21 shows multiple ranges of the height of the piping system in ascending order of height. The number of the multiple ranges may be equal to or greater than 2 and less than 5. In this modification, the number of the multiple ranges is 2. More specifically, the multiple ranges include a first range and a second range. The first range is a range in which the height of the piping system is less than a threshold value. The second range is a range in which the height of the piping system is equal to or greater than a threshold value. In this modification, the threshold value is 12 m. In FIG. 9, the first range is shown as "12 m or less" and the second range is shown as "more than 12 m."

[0123] A plurality of second columns 22-1 to 22-4 are located next to the first column 21 and indicate the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes when the siphon effect is utilized for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipes in each of a plurality of ranges.

[0124] A plurality of second columns 22-1 to 22-4 show the drainage capacity in a piping type of a rain gutter system in which the central axis of the rainwater outlet from the building does not coincide with the central axis of the vertical pipe (i.e., the second piping type).

[0125] In the second column 22-1 to 22-4, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in each of a plurality of ranges is a representative value of the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in the corresponding range.

[0126] The multiple second columns 22-1 to 22-4 are arranged in ascending order of pipe diameter from the first column 21 side. In FIG. 9, the second columns 22-1 and 22-2 correspond to the VU75 and VP75, respectively. Both the VU75 and VP75 have a nominal diameter of 75. If the nominal diameters are the same, the second columns 22-1 and 22-2 may be arranged in ascending order of cost. Generally, the VP75 is thicker-walled than the VU75, and therefore more expensive than the VU75. However, because the VP75 is thicker-walled than the VU75, the VU75 has a larger approximate inner diameter than the VP75, and as a result, the VU75 tends to have a greater drainage capacity than the VP75.

[0127] In this modification, multiple ranges (first range and second range) are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the height of the piping system in the first column 21. Multiple second columns 22-1 to 22-4 are arranged from top to bottom below the first column 21 in ascending order of the pipe diameter. In this modification, the first column 21 and the second columns 22-1 to 22-4 form rows of the design table 20.

[0128] When determining the diameter of the vertical pipe using the design table 20, first, look at the first column 21 to find the range that corresponds to the height of the piping system. After finding the range that corresponds to the height of the piping system from the first column 21, move your gaze from the first column 21 to the second columns 22-1 to 22-4 to find the pipe diameter that will provide the required drainage capacity or more. In this way, the diameter of the vertical pipe can be determined. In the design table 20, the multiple second columns 22-1 to 22-4 are arranged below the second column 21 in ascending order of pipe diameter from top to bottom. Generally, people are better at moving their eyes left and right than up and down, but because the range of the height of the piping system is between 2 and 4, the impact on visibility can be reduced.

[0129] In the design table 20 described above, the first column 21 has a plurality of ranges arranged from left to right in ascending order of height, and the second columns 22-1 to 22-4 are arranged below the first column 21 in ascending order of pipe diameter from top to bottom. This configuration makes it easy to determine the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0130] [2.2 Variation 2] Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 30 according to Modification 2. The design table 30 can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 10, the design table 30 is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0131] The design table 30 has a first column 31 and a plurality of second columns 32-1, 32-2. The first column 31 and the plurality of second columns 32-1, 32-2 form columns of the design table 30.

[0132] The first column 31 shows multiple numerical values of the height of the piping system in ascending order of height. The number of the multiple numerical values is preferably 5 or more. In FIG. 10, the multiple numerical values are set to indicate the height of the piping system in 1-meter increments starting from 3 m. The multiple numerical values are not particularly limited, but are preferably at regular intervals.

[0133] The second columns 32-1 and 32-2 are located to the right of the first column 31 and indicate the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when using the siphon phenomenon for each of the vertical pipe diameters. The drainage capacity is preferably a guaranteed value Q G In FIG. 10, "N / A" means that the possibility of siphoning occurring is low and the device cannot be used.

[0134] The multiple second columns 32-1, 32-3 are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. In Figure 10, the second columns 32-1, 32-2 correspond to vertical pipe diameters VP75, VP100, respectively. The multiple second columns 32-1, 32-2 are arranged in this order from left to right.

[0135] In each of the second columns 32-1 and 32-2, the drainage capacity includes the drainage capacity for the first piping type (straight pipe type) and the drainage capacity for the second piping type (elbow type). In particular, in Figure 10, the drainage capacity for the first piping type and the drainage capacity for the second piping type are presented together for each pipe diameter. In this case, it is easy to understand the drainage capacity for each piping type for a desired pipe diameter.

[0136] The second column 32-1 includes a first subcolumn 33-1 indicating the drainage capacity for the first piping type and a second subcolumn 34-1 indicating the drainage capacity for the second piping type. The first subcolumn 33-1 is on the left side and the second subcolumn 34-2 is on the right side. The second column 32-2 includes a first subcolumn 33-2 indicating the drainage capacity for the first piping type and a second subcolumn 34-2 indicating the drainage capacity for the second piping type. The first subcolumn 33-2 is on the left side and the second subcolumn 34-2 is on the right side.

[0137] Thus, in design table 30, first sub-columns 33-1 and 33-2, which indicate the drainage capacity for the first piping type, are on the left, and second sub-columns 34-1 and 34-2, which indicate the drainage capacity for the second piping type, are on the right. Typically, the drainage capacity for the first piping type is greater than that for the second piping type, and the first piping type tends to be used more frequently than the second piping type. Therefore, when reading the table from left to right, for the same pipe diameter, the first piping type catches the eye first. At this point, if the drainage capacity for the first piping type is less than the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe, it is foreseeable that the drainage capacity for the second piping type will also be less than the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe. Therefore, the eye can move to the column for the next larger pipe diameter without focusing on the drainage capacity for the second piping type. This speeds up the process of finding a pipe diameter from design table 30 that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe.

[0138] In Design Table 30, the height of the piping system is divided into detailed numerical ranges rather than broad ranges, which allows for a more detailed understanding of the relationship between the height of the piping system and the drainage capacity for each vertical pipe diameter.

[0139] The design table 30 described above is a design table for a piping system having vertical pipes and utilizing siphoning for drainage. It includes a first column 31 listing multiple values for the height h of the piping system from top to bottom in ascending order of height, and multiple second columns 32-1, 32-2 to the right of the first column 31, listing the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when utilizing siphoning for each of the multiple values for the vertical pipe diameter. The height h is the height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as the vertical distance between the upstream opening point 111 and the downstream opening point 112 of the piping system. The drainage capacity includes the drainage capacity for a first piping type and a second piping type. The first piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point 111 coincides with the central axis of the downstream opening point 112. The second piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point 111 does not coincide with the central axis of the downstream opening point 112. The multiple second columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. This configuration allows for optimization and ease of design of piping systems that utilize the siphon effect.

[0140] In the design table 30, the number of the multiple numerical values is 5 or more. This configuration makes it possible to grasp in more detail the relationship between the height of the piping system and the drainage capacity for each diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0141] In each of the plurality of second columns 32-1, 32-2 in the design table 30, a first sub-column 33-1, 33-2 indicating the drainage capacity for a first piping type is on the left side, and a second sub-column 34-1, 34-2 indicating the drainage capacity for a second piping type is on the right side. This configuration makes it possible to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required for each vertical pipe.

[0142] [2.3 Variation 3] Fig. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 30A according to Modification 3. The design table 30A can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 11, the design table 30A is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0143] The design table 30A has a first column 31 and a plurality of second columns 32A-1 and 32A-2.

[0144] Second column 32A-1 includes a first subcolumn 33-1 showing the drainage capacity for a first piping type and a second subcolumn 34-1 showing the drainage capacity for a second piping type. First subcolumn 33-1 is on the right and second subcolumn 34-2 is on the left. Second column 32A-2 includes a first subcolumn 33-2 showing the drainage capacity for a first piping type and a second subcolumn 34-2 showing the drainage capacity for a second piping type. First subcolumn 33-2 is on the right and second subcolumn 34-2 is on the left.

[0145] As such, in design table 30A, first sub-columns 33-1 and 33-2 showing the drainage capacity for the first piping type are on the right, and second sub-columns 34-1 and 34-2 showing the drainage capacity for the second piping type are on the left. The second piping type has the advantage over the first piping type in that it can more easily address building structural issues (e.g., the position of the vertical pipe relative to the building cannot be determined in advance, the distance between the eaves gutter and the building wall is far, or the need to avoid windows, etc.). Furthermore, the drainage capacity of the second piping type is smaller than that of the first piping type. Therefore, if a design is made using the second piping type and then later changed to the first piping type, there is little chance of insufficient drainage capacity. For this reason, there are cases where the second piping type is preferred over the first piping type. Furthermore, when design table 30A is read from left to right, the second piping type is the first to be noticed for the same pipe diameter. At this point, if the drainage capacity of the second piping type is smaller than the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe, the user can move their gaze to the column for the next larger pipe diameter. This allows the user to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter from Design Table 30A that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe for the second piping type.

[0146] In the design table 30A described above, each of the second columns 32A-1, 32A-2 has a first sub-column 33-1, 33-2 on the right side indicating the drainage capacity for the first piping type, and a second sub-column 34-1, 34-2 on the left side indicating the drainage capacity for the second piping type. This configuration makes it possible to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe for the second piping type.

[0147] [2.4 Variation 4] Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 40 according to Modification 4. The design table 40 can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 12, the design table 40 is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0148] The design table 40 has a first column 41, a second column 42, and a third column 43. The first column 41, the second column 42, and the third column 43 constitute columns of the design table 40.

[0149] A first column 41 shows multiple indicators of the height of the piping system in ascending order of height. In this modification, each of the multiple indicators indicates a range of the height of the piping system. The number of the multiple indicators may be equal to or greater than 2 and less than 5. In FIG. 12, the number of the multiple indicators is 2. More specifically, the multiple indicators indicate a first range and a second range. The first range is a range in which the height of the piping system is less than a threshold value. The second range is a range in which the height of the piping system is equal to or greater than a threshold value. The threshold value is preferably equal to or greater than 10 m and equal to or less than 12 m. For example, the threshold value is 10 m. In FIG. 12, the first range is shown as "10 m or less" and the second range is shown as "more than 10 m."

[0150] The second column 42 is located to the right of the first column 41. The second column 42 includes a plurality of first sub-columns 421-1 to 421-3. The plurality of first sub-columns 421-1 to 421-3 indicate the drainage capacity of a first piping type of vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon effect for each of the plurality of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter. The plurality of first sub-columns 421-1 to 421-3 are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. In FIG. 12, the first sub-columns 421-1 to 421-3 correspond to vertical pipe diameters VP75, VP100, and VP125, respectively. The plurality of first sub-columns 421-1 to 421-3 are arranged in this order from the first column 41 side.

[0151] The third column 43 is located to the right of the first column 41. The third column 43 includes a plurality of second sub-columns 431-1 to 431-3. The plurality of second sub-columns 431-1 to 431-3 indicate the drainage capacity of a second piping type of vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon effect for each of the plurality of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter. The plurality of second sub-columns 431-1 to 431-3 are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. In FIG. 12, the second sub-columns 431-1 to 431-3 correspond to vertical pipe diameters VP75, VP100, and VP125, respectively. The plurality of second sub-columns 431-1 to 431-3 are arranged in this order from the first column 41 side.

[0152] The design table 40 presents the drainage capacity for each pipe diameter, divided into the first piping type and the second piping type. This makes it easy to understand the drainage capacity for each pipe diameter for the desired piping type. This allows for optimization and simplification of the design of piping systems that utilize the siphon effect.

[0153] In the design table 40, both the second column 42 and the third column 43 are located to the right of the first column 41, but the second column 42 is located between the first column 41 and the third column 43. In other words, the second column 42 is closer to the first column 41 than the third column 43. Typically, the drainage capacity of the first piping type is greater than that of the second piping type, and the first piping type tends to be used more frequently than the second piping type. Furthermore, when reading the design table 40 from left to right, the first piping type is seen before the second piping type. This makes it easier to select the drainage capacity of the first piping type from the design table 40, improving efficiency. This allows for faster work in finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe in the first piping type.

[0154] In each of the second column 42 and the third column 43, the columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes of the piping system are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the vertical pipe diameter. This is because people normally read the table from left to right to find the appropriate value, and because piping system designers tend to choose vertical pipes with smaller diameters unless there are special circumstances, since the smaller the diameter, the cheaper the vertical pipe. In other words, by arranging the columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes in ascending order of the vertical pipe diameter from left to right, it is easy to arrive at the minimum pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity when reading the table from left to right.

[0155] In Design Table 40, the height of the piping system is divided into broad ranges, which makes it easier to find the drainage capacity by moving your eyes from the height of the selected piping system compared to when the height of the piping system is divided into fine numerical values (for example, in 1m increments), reducing the possibility of misreading the value of the drainage capacity for the height of the piping system. This makes it easier to determine the diameter of the vertical pipes.

[0156] The design table 40 described above is a design table for a piping system having vertical pipes and utilizing siphoning for drainage. It includes a first column 41 listing, from top to bottom, a number of indicators for the height h of the piping system in ascending order of height; a second column 42 located to the right of the first column 41 and including a number of first subcolumns 421-1 through 421-3 indicating the drainage capacity of a first piping type of the vertical pipe when utilizing siphoning for each of the number of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter; and a third column 43 located to the right of the first column 41 and including a number of second subcolumns 431-1 through 431-3 indicating the drainage capacity of a second piping type of the vertical pipe when utilizing siphoning for each of the number of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter. The height h is the height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as the vertical distance between the upstream opening point 111 and the downstream opening point 112 of the piping system. The first piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point 111 and the central axis of the downstream opening point 112 coincide. The second piping style is a piping style in which the central axis of the upstream open point 111 does not coincide with the central axis of the downstream open point 112. In the second column 42, multiple first sub-columns 421-1 to 421-3 are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. In the third column 43, multiple second sub-columns 431-1 to 431-3 are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. This configuration enables optimization and simplification of the design of piping systems that utilize the siphon effect.

[0157] In the design table 40, the second column 42 is located between the first column 41 and the third column 43. This configuration makes it possible to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe in the first piping type.

[0158] In the design table 40, each of the plurality of indicators indicates a height range of the piping system. The number of the plurality of indicators is equal to or greater than 2 and less than 5. This configuration can facilitate the task of determining the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe.

[0159] [2.5 Variation 5] Fig. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 40A according to Modification 5. The design table 40A can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 13, the design table 40A is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0160] The design table 40A has a first column 41, a second column 42, and a third column 43. The first column 41, the second column 42, and the third column 43 form columns of the design table 40A.

[0161] In the design table 40A, both the second column 42 and the third column 43 are located to the right of the first column 41, but the third column 43 is located between the first column 41 and the second column 42. In other words, the third column 42 is closer to the first column 41 than the second column 42. The second piping type has the advantage over the first piping type in that it can more easily address building structural issues (e.g., the position of the vertical pipe relative to the building cannot be determined in advance, the distance between the eaves gutter and the building wall is far, or the need to avoid windows, etc.). Furthermore, the drainage capacity of the second piping type is smaller than that of the first piping type. Therefore, if a building is designed using the second piping type and then later changed to the first piping type, there is little chance of insufficient drainage capacity. For this reason, there are cases where the second piping type is preferred over the first piping type. Furthermore, when the design table 40A is read from left to right, the second piping type is seen before the first piping type. This makes it easier to select the drainage capacity for the second piping type from design table 40A, improving efficiency. This makes it possible to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required for each vertical pipe in the second piping type.

[0162] In the design table 40A described above, the third column 43 is located between the first column 41 and the second column 42. This configuration makes it possible to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe in the second piping type.

[0163] [2.6 Variation 6] Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 50 according to Modification 6. The design table 50 can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 14, the design table 50 is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0164] The design table 50 has a first column 51, a second column 52, and a third column 53. The first column 51, the second column 52, and the third column 53 constitute the rows of the design table 50.

[0165] The first column 51 shows multiple indicators of the height of the piping system in ascending order of height. In this modification, each of the multiple indicators indicates a numerical value of the height of the piping system. The number of multiple indicators is preferably 5 or more. In FIG. 14, the multiple indicators are set to indicate the height of the piping system in 1-meter increments starting from 3 m. The multiple numerical values are not particularly limited, but are preferably numerical values at regular intervals.

[0166] The second column 52 is located to the right of the first column 51. The second column 52 includes a plurality of first sub-columns 521-1, 521-2. The plurality of first sub-columns 521-1, 521-2 indicate the drainage capacity of a first piping type of vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon effect for each of the plurality of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter. The plurality of first sub-columns 521-1, 521-2 are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. In FIG. 14, the first sub-columns 521-1, 521-2 correspond to vertical pipe diameters VP75 and VP100, respectively. The plurality of first sub-columns 521-1, 521-2 are arranged in this order from the first column 51 side.

[0167] The third column 53 is located to the right of the first column 51. The third column 53 includes a plurality of second sub-columns 531-1, 531-2. The plurality of second sub-columns 531-1, 531-2 indicate the drainage capacity of the second vertical pipe piping type when utilizing the siphon effect for each of the plurality of indicators for the vertical pipe diameter. The plurality of second sub-columns 531-1, 531-2 are arranged from left to right in ascending order of pipe diameter. In FIG. 14, the second sub-columns 531-1, 531-2 correspond to vertical pipe diameters VP75 and VP100, respectively. The plurality of second sub-columns 531-1, 531-2 are arranged in this order from the first column 51 side.

[0168] In design table 50, second column 42 is located between first column 41 and third column 43. When design table 50 is read from left to right, first piping type is seen before second piping type. This makes it easier to select the drainage capacity for first piping type from design table 50, improving efficiency. This makes it possible to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe for first piping type.

[0169] In each of second column 52 and third column 53, the columns indicating the drainage capacities of the vertical pipes of the piping system are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the vertical pipe diameter. By arranging the columns indicating the drainage capacities of the vertical pipes from left to right in ascending order of the vertical pipe diameter, it is possible to easily arrive at the minimum pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity when reading the table from left to right.

[0170] In design table 50, the height of the piping system is divided into detailed numerical ranges rather than broad ranges, which allows for a more detailed understanding of the relationship between the height of the piping system and the drainage capacity for each vertical pipe diameter.

[0171] [2.7 Variation 7] Fig. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 50A according to Modification 7. The design table 50A can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 15, the design table 50A is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0172] Design table 50A has a first column 51, a second column 52, and a third column 53. First column 51, second column 52, and third column 53 form columns of design table 50A.

[0173] In design table 50A, both second column 52 and third column 53 are located to the right of first column 51, but third column 53 is located between first column 51 and second column 52. When design table 50A is read from left to right, the second piping type is seen before the first piping type. This makes it easier to select the drainage capacity for the second piping type from design table 50A, improving efficiency. This makes it possible to speed up the process of finding a pipe diameter that satisfies the drainage capacity required per vertical pipe for the second piping type.

[0174] [2.8 Variation 8] Fig. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 30B according to Modification 8. The design table 30B can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 16, the design table 30B is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0175] The design table 30B has a first column 31 and a plurality of second columns 32B-1 and 32B-2.

[0176] The second columns 32B-1 and 32B-2 include first sub-columns 33-1 and 33-2 indicating the drainage capacity for a first piping type, and second sub-columns 34-1 and 34-2 indicating the drainage capacity for a second piping type, respectively.

[0177] In Design Table 30B, the drainage capacity is expressed in terms of the corresponding roof area, not the flow rate. In Figure 16, the unit of the corresponding roof area is [m 2 ].

[0178] The corresponding roof area means the roof area that can be handled by one vertical pipe for a given rainfall intensity. In other words, the corresponding roof area is the maximum roof area that can be handled by one outlet for a given rainfall intensity when there are no restrictions on eaves gutters. Here, the flow rate of the vertical pipe is q [l / s], and the corresponding roof area is s [m 2] and the corresponding rainfall intensity is r [m / s], then q can be expressed as q = s × r. The corresponding rainfall intensity r means the rainfall intensity that can be handled by one vertical pipe for a given roof area. In other words, the corresponding rainfall intensity r is the maximum rainfall intensity that can be handled by one outlet for a given roof area when there are no restrictions on eaves gutters.

[0179] The flow rate q of the vertical pipe can be selected from the above-mentioned QT, QA, and QG. Therefore, if the corresponding rainfall intensity r is fixed, the corresponding roof area s can be calculated from the downspout flow rate q. Any value can be used for the corresponding rainfall intensity r.

[0180] In this way, the drainage capacity of a downpipe may be expressed as the roof area per downpipe, which can be said to be the roof area per outlet.

[0181] On the other hand, if the corresponding roof area s is fixed, the corresponding rainfall intensity r can be calculated from the flow rate q of the vertical pipe.

[0182] Thus, the drainage capacity of a downpipe may be expressed by at least one of the flow rate, the corresponding roof area, or the corresponding rainfall intensity.

[0183] [Variation 9] Fig. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 60 according to Modification 9. The design table 60 can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 17, the design table 60 is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0184] The design table 60 has a first column 51 and a plurality of second columns 62-1 and 62-2.

[0185] The first column 61, like the first column 11, lists a number of ranges of piping system heights in ascending order of height.

[0186] A plurality of second columns 62-1, 62-2, located next to the first column 61, show the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon effect for each of a plurality of ranges of vertical pipe diameters. In Fig. 17, the drainage capacity shows the drainage capacity for a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point 111 and the central axis of the downstream opening point 112 coincide (i.e., the first piping type).

[0187] Each of the plurality of second columns 62-1, 62-2 includes a plurality of sub-columns 621-1 to 621-5, which indicate the corresponding roof area s for each of a plurality of different corresponding rainfall intensities r.

[0188] Each of the plurality of second columns 62-1, 62-2 indicates the change in the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe with respect to the corresponding rainfall intensity. As described above, the flow rate q of the vertical pipe is expressed as q = s × r. The flow rate q of the vertical pipe is expressed as the above-mentioned Q T , Q A , and Q G Therefore, once the flow rate q is determined, the change in the corresponding roof area s with respect to the change in the corresponding rainfall intensity r can be calculated. The second column 62-1 in Figure 17 shows the change in the corresponding roof area s with respect to the corresponding rainfall intensity r for the straight pipe type (first piping type) with respect to the pipe diameter of VP75, for the first and second ranges of the height of the piping system. In Figure 17, the unit of the corresponding roof area s is [m 2 ], and the unit of the corresponding rainfall intensity r is [mm / h].

[0189] 17, the multiple sub-columns 621-1 to 621-5 are arranged in descending order of the corresponding rainfall intensity r, which reduces the possibility of erroneously selecting a vertical pipe with insufficient drainage capacity.

[0190] In the design table 60, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe may be expressed as the corresponding roof area for each corresponding rainfall intensity. This makes it easier to calculate the required diameter and number of vertical pipes to be installed based on the roof area of the building.

[0191] [Variation 10] Fig. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a design table 20A according to Modification 10. The design table 20A can be used to determine the pipe diameter and the number of vertical pipes to be installed, instead of the design table 10. Note that in Fig. 18, the design table 20A is partially omitted for ease of explanation.

[0192] The design table 20A has a first column 21 and a plurality of second columns 22A-1 to 22A-4.

[0193] A plurality of second columns 22A-1 to 22A-4 are located adjacent to the first column 21 and indicate the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes when the siphon effect is utilized for the pipe diameters of the vertical pipes in each of a plurality of ranges.

[0194] Each of the multiple second columns 22A-1 to 22A-4 includes a first portion 221 and a second portion 222. The first portion 221 indicates the drainage capacity of the vertical pipes in each of the multiple height ranges of the first column 21 in terms of flow rate. The second portion 222, like the design table 60 in FIG. 17, indicates the corresponding roof area for each corresponding rainfall intensity based on the flow rate of the first portion 221. Note that in the second portion 222, the left side of the " / " indicates the corresponding roof area for heights of 12 m or less, and the right side of the " / " indicates the corresponding roof area for heights of over 12 m.

[0195] [2.11 Other Modifications] In one variation, the piping type is not limited to the first and second piping types described above. Although the first and second piping types are relatively typical piping types in gutter systems, it goes without saying that a variety of other piping types are used in gutter systems. Examples of piping types include a type in which a branch pipe joins a main pipe, and a type in which multiple branch pipes are combined into one.

[0196] For example, in the second piping type, as described above, ΣD can be expressed as ΣD = Da + Db1 + Db2 + Dc. Db1 is the pressure loss near the first elbow 161. Db2 is the pressure loss near the second elbow 162. Various well-known elbows can be used for the first elbow 161 and the second elbow 162. For example, JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage" specifies 90° elbows, 90° large bend elbows, 45° elbows, and the like. The pressure loss near the first elbow 161 and the second elbow 162 can vary depending on the type of elbow used for the first elbow 161 and the second elbow 162. Therefore, information about one or more piping components used in the piping type may include information about the type of the first elbow 161 and the second elbow 162. This is expected to improve the accuracy of calculation of drainage capacity when utilizing the siphon phenomenon.

[0197] In one variant, the diameter of the vertical pipe may be a discrete variable indicating the pipe diameter rather than the type of piping used for the vertical pipe. The approximate inner diameter values listed in Tables 1 and 2 can be used as the discrete variable indicating the pipe diameter. For example, the second information may be selectable from 83 mm corresponding to VU75, 77 mm corresponding to VP75, 100 mm corresponding to VP100, and 125 mm corresponding to VP125. The diameter of the vertical pipe may be a continuous variable indicating the pipe diameter. This allows for a high degree of freedom in the design of the piping system.

[0198] The information presentation system described above can also be used for piping systems other than rain gutter systems. Examples of piping systems include piping systems for water supply or sewerage systems, and piping systems for transporting target fluids within facilities such as factories. In other words, the fluid transported by the piping system is not limited to rainwater.

[0199] [3. Aspects] As is apparent from the above-described embodiment and modifications, the present disclosure includes the following aspects.

[0200] [Aspect 1] A design table for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water using a siphon effect, a first column listing a plurality of ranges of heights of the piping system in ascending order of said heights; a plurality of second columns adjacent to the first column indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon phenomenon for each of the plurality of ranges of the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; and the height is a height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as a vertical distance between an upstream opening point and a downstream opening point of the piping system; The drainage capacity is a drainage capacity in a piping configuration in which the central axis of the upstream opening point and the central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide with each other, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in each of the plurality of ranges is a representative value of the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in the corresponding range; The plurality of second columns are arranged in ascending order of the pipe diameter from the first column side. Design table.

[0201] [Aspect 2] The number of the multiple ranges is equal to or greater than 2 and less than 5. Design table for embodiment 1.

[0202] [Aspect 3] the plurality of ranges include a first range and a second range, the first range is a range in which the height is less than a threshold value, the second range is a range in which the height is equal to or greater than the threshold value, The threshold is 10 m or more and 12 m or less. Design table for embodiment 1 or 2.

[0203] [Aspect 4] In the first column, the plurality of ranges are arranged from top to bottom in ascending order of the height, The second columns are arranged to the right of the first column in ascending order of the pipe diameter from left to right. A design table according to any one of aspects 1 to 3.

[0204] [Aspect 5] In the first column, the plurality of ranges are arranged from left to right in ascending order of height, The plurality of second columns are arranged below the first column in ascending order of the pipe diameter from top to bottom. A design table according to any one of aspects 1 to 5.

[0205] [Aspect 6] A design table for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water using a siphon effect, a first column listing a plurality of numerical values of the height of the piping system from top to bottom in ascending order of the height; A plurality of second columns to the right of the first column indicate the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when using the siphon phenomenon for each of the plurality of numerical values for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; and the height is a height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as a vertical distance between an upstream opening point and a downstream opening point of the piping system; The drainage capacity is Drainage capacity in the first piping type, Drainage capacity in the second piping type, Including, the first piping type is a piping type in which a central axis of the upstream opening point and a central axis of the downstream opening point coincide with each other, The second piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point and the central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide with each other, The plurality of second columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the pipe diameter. Design table.

[0206] [Aspect 7] The number of the plurality of numerical values is 5 or more. Design table for embodiment 6.

[0207] [Aspect 8] Each of the plurality of second columns has a first sub-column on the left side indicating a drainage capacity for the first piping type and a second sub-column on the right side indicating a drainage capacity for the second piping type. Design table for embodiment 6 or 7.

[0208] [Aspect 9] In each of the plurality of second columns, a first sub-column indicating a drainage capacity for the first piping type is on the right side, and a second sub-column indicating a drainage capacity for the second piping type is on the left side. A design table according to any one of aspects 6 to 8.

[0209] [Aspect 10] A design table for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water using a siphon effect, a first column listing a plurality of elevation indicators of the piping system from top to bottom in ascending order of elevation; a second column to the right of the first column, including a plurality of first sub-columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in a first piping type when utilizing the siphon phenomenon for each of the plurality of indicators for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; a third column to the right of the first column, including a plurality of second sub-columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in a second piping type when utilizing the siphon phenomenon for each of the plurality of indicators for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; and the height is a height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as a vertical distance between an upstream opening point and a downstream opening point of the piping system; the first piping type is a piping type in which a central axis of the upstream opening point and a central axis of the downstream opening point coincide with each other, The second piping type is a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point and the central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide with each other, In the second column, the plurality of first sub-columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the pipe diameter, In the third column, the plurality of second sub-columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the pipe diameter. Design table.

[0210] [Aspect 11] The second column is between the first and third columns, Design table of embodiment 10.

[0211] [Aspect 12] The third column is between the first and third columns, Design table of embodiment 10.

[0212] [Aspect 13] each of the plurality of indicators indicates a height range of the piping system; The number of the plurality of indices is 2 or more and less than 5. Design table of embodiment 11 or 12.

[0213] [Aspect 14] each of the plurality of indicators indicates a numerical value of a height of the piping system; The number of the plurality of indices is 5 or more. Design table of embodiment 11 or 12.

[0214] [Aspect 15] The drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is expressed by at least one of a flow rate, a corresponding roof area, or a corresponding rainfall intensity. A design table according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14.

[0215] [Aspect 16] A design method for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water by utilizing a siphon effect, determining the roof area and height of the building in which the piping system will be installed; determining rainfall at the building location; determining a required flow rate, which is the flow rate the piping system is required to achieve based on the roof area of the building and the rainfall at the building's location; Based on the design table of any one of aspects 1 to 15, the height of the building is set as the height of the piping system, and the diameter of the vertical pipe and the number of the vertical pipes to be installed that satisfy the required flow rate are determined. Design method.

[0216] Aspects 2 to 5, 7 to 9, and 11 to 15 are optional elements and are not essential. [Industrial Applicability]

[0217] The present disclosure is applicable to a design table and a design method. Specifically, the present disclosure is applicable to a design table for a piping system that has a vertical pipe and drains water by utilizing the siphon effect, and a design method that uses the design table. [Explanation of symbols]

[0218] 10 Design table 11 Column 1 12-1,12-2,12-3 2nd column 20,20A design table 21 Column 1 22-1,22-2,22-3,22-4 2nd column 22A-1,22A-2,22A-3,22A-4 2nd column 221 Part 1 222 Part 2 30,30A,30B design table 31 Column 1 32-1,32-2 2nd column 32A-1,32A-2 2nd column 32B-1,32B-2 2nd column 33-1, 33-2 First sub-column 34-1, 34-2 Second sub-column 40,40A design table 41 Column 1 42 Column 2 421-1, 421-2, 421-3 First sub-column 43 Column 3 431-1, 431-2, 431-3 Second sub-column 50,50A design table 51 Column 1 52 Column 2 521-1, 521-2 First sub-column 53 Column 3 531-1, 531-2 Second sub-column 60 Design sheet 61 Column 1 62-1,62-2 2nd column 621-1, 621-2, 621-3, 621-4, 621-5 Sub-columns

Claims

1. A design table for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water using a siphon effect, a first column listing a plurality of ranges of heights of the piping system in ascending order of the heights; a plurality of second columns adjacent to the first column indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon effect for each of the plurality of ranges of pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; and the height is a height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as a vertical distance between an upstream opening point and a downstream opening point of the piping system; The drainage capacity is a drainage capacity in a piping type in which the central axis of the upstream opening point and the central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide with each other, the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in each of the plurality of ranges is a representative value of the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in the corresponding range; The plurality of second columns are arranged in ascending order of the pipe diameter from the first column side. Design table.

2. the number of the plurality of ranges is equal to or greater than 2 and less than 5; The design table of claim 1.

3. the plurality of ranges include a first range and a second range, the first range is a range in which the height is less than a threshold value, the second range is a range in which the height is equal to or greater than the threshold value, The threshold value is equal to or greater than 10 m and equal to or less than 12 m. The design table of claim 1.

4. In the first column, the plurality of ranges are arranged from top to bottom in ascending order of height, The second columns are arranged to the right of the first column in ascending order of the pipe diameter from left to right. The design table of claim 1.

5. In the first column, the plurality of ranges are arranged from left to right in ascending order of height, The plurality of second columns are arranged below the first column in ascending order of the pipe diameter from top to bottom. The design table of claim 1.

6. A design table for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water using a siphon effect, a first column listing a plurality of numerical values of the height of the piping system from top to bottom in ascending order of the height; A plurality of second columns to the right of the first column indicate the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe when utilizing the siphon phenomenon for each of the plurality of numerical values for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; and the height is a height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as a vertical distance between an upstream opening point and a downstream opening point of the piping system; The drainage capacity is Drainage capacity in the first piping type, Drainage capacity in the second piping type, Including, the first piping type is a piping type in which a central axis of the upstream opening point and a central axis of the downstream opening point coincide with each other, The second piping type is a piping type in which a central axis of the upstream opening point and a central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide with each other, The second columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the pipe diameter. Design table.

7. The number of the plurality of numerical values is 5 or more. The design table of claim 6.

8. Each of the plurality of second columns has a first sub-column on the left side indicating a drainage capacity for the first piping type and a second sub-column on the right side indicating a drainage capacity for the second piping type. The design table of claim 6.

9. In each of the plurality of second columns, a first sub-column indicating a drainage capacity for the first piping type is on the right side, and a second sub-column indicating a drainage capacity for the second piping type is on the left side. The design table of claim 6.

10. A design table for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water using a siphon effect, a first column listing a plurality of elevation indicators of the piping system from top to bottom in ascending order of elevation; a second column to the right of the first column, including a plurality of first sub-columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in a first piping type when utilizing the siphon phenomenon for each of the plurality of indicators for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; a third column to the right of the first column, including a plurality of second sub-columns indicating the drainage capacity of the vertical pipe in a second piping type when utilizing the siphon phenomenon for each of the plurality of indicators for the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe; and the height is a height at which siphoning is effective and is expressed as a vertical distance between an upstream opening point and a downstream opening point of the piping system; the first piping type is a piping type in which a central axis of the upstream opening point and a central axis of the downstream opening point coincide with each other, The second piping type is a piping type in which a central axis of the upstream opening point and a central axis of the downstream opening point do not coincide with each other, In the second column, the plurality of first sub-columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the pipe diameter, In the third column, the plurality of second sub-columns are arranged from left to right in ascending order of the pipe diameter. Design table.

11. The second column is between the first column and the third column. The design table of claim 10.

12. The third column is between the first column and the third column. The design table of claim 10.

13. each of the plurality of indicators indicates a height range of the piping system; The number of the plurality of indexes is 2 or more and less than 5, The design table of claim 11.

14. each of the plurality of indicators indicates a numerical value of a height of the piping system; The number of the plurality of indices is 5 or more. The design table of claim 11.

15. The drainage capacity of the vertical pipe is expressed by at least one of a flow rate, a corresponding roof area, or a corresponding rainfall intensity. The design table of claim 1.

16. A design method for a piping system having a vertical pipe and draining water by utilizing a siphon effect, determining the roof area and height of the building in which the piping system will be installed; determining rainfall at the building location; determining a required flow rate, which is the flow rate the piping system is required to achieve based on the roof area of the building and the rainfall at the building's location; Based on a design table according to any one of claims 1 to 15, the height of the building is set as the height of the piping system, and the diameter of the vertical pipes and the number of the vertical pipes to be installed that satisfy the required flow rate are determined. Design method.

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