Water collection container, water collection method, and measuring device

Abstract

To provide a water collection container capable of storing and circulating a liquid penetrating into an unsaturated zone inside an embankment.SOLUTION: One aspect of the present invention is a water collection container that collects a liquid that seeps into an embankment and has a sensor placed inside that measures the internal environment of the embankment, and comprises: a container body with an opening at the top; a guide tube that is provided inside the container body and extends upward from the bottom of the container body and is capable of accommodating the sensor inside; a filler that is provided between the inner surface of the container body and the outer surface of the guide tube and filters the liquid; and a drain pipe that extends horizontally from the guide pipe, penetrates the peripheral wall of the container body, and connects the inside of the guide pipe with the outside of the container body. The guide pipe has a pressure adjustment port that adjusts the pressure difference between the gas inside and outside the guide pipe, and a communication hole that is provided in the peripheral wall on the bottom side of the container body from the drain pipe and allows the liquid that has passed through the filler to flow into the inside of the guide pipe.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a water collection container, a water collection method, and a measurement device. [Background technology]

[0002] When embankments are made using crushed rocks excavated from rocks containing naturally occurring heavy metals, etc., it is necessary to monitor the internal environment of the embankment in consideration of the impact on the natural environment. Conventionally, a device for monitoring the internal environment of the ground has been known that collects water such as rainwater that permeates the ground in a water collection container and measures the water quality.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a continuous measurement device for the concentration of ions contained in groundwater, which is set up at the measurement site and comprises a groundwater reservoir in which groundwater is stored in an overflowing state, and an ion concentration measurement sensor set up in the groundwater reservoir. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-128643 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Unlike saturated zones where groundwater and the like are present, the interior of embankments is an unsaturated zone, where the gaps between soil particles are not filled with liquids such as rainwater. The continuous measurement device described in Patent Document 1 does not consider measuring liquids that infiltrate into unsaturated zones. The water collection containers in such conventional measurement devices make it difficult to collect liquids that infiltrate into the unsaturated zone, and even if they are collected, the liquid remains in the container. When liquid remains in the container, new liquid does not come into contact with the sensor in the container, which creates the problem of not being able to measure changes in the internal environment of the embankment over time.

[0006] Therefore, one embodiment of the present disclosure aims to provide a water collection container that can collect and circulate liquid that infiltrates into the unsaturated zone inside the embankment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One embodiment of the present disclosure is a water collection container that collects liquid that seeps into an embankment and has a sensor placed inside that measures the internal environment of the embankment, and includes a container body having an opening at the top, a guide tube that is provided inside the container body and extends upward from the bottom of the container body and is capable of accommodating the sensor inside, a filler that is provided between the inner surface of the container body and the outer surface of the guide tube and filters the liquid, and a drain pipe that extends horizontally from the guide pipe, penetrates the peripheral wall of the container body, and connects the inside of the guide pipe to the outside of the container body, and the guide pipe has a pressure adjustment port that adjusts the pressure difference between the gas inside and outside the guide pipe, and a communication hole that is provided in the peripheral wall on the bottom side of the container body from the drain pipe and allows the liquid that has passed through the filler to flow into the inside of the guide pipe. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to one embodiment of the water collection container of the present disclosure, it is possible to collect and circulate liquid that permeates into the unsaturated zone inside the embankment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a water collection container according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a water collection container according to one embodiment with the filler removed. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. [Figure 4] 2. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a water collecting container according to another embodiment of the present invention, taken along line II in FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a first modified example of the guide member. [Figure 7]FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of a guide member. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a second modified example of the guide member. [Figure 9A] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for collecting liquid that permeates into an embankment using a water collection container according to another embodiment. [Figure 9B] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for collecting liquid that permeates into an embankment using a water collection container according to another embodiment. [Figure 9C] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for collecting liquid that permeates into an embankment using a water collection container according to another embodiment. [Figure 9D] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for collecting liquid that permeates into an embankment using a water collection container according to another embodiment. [Figure 10] 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a measurement device according to an embodiment. [Figure 11] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a measuring device according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method for measuring the internal environment of an embankment according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] 1 is a graph showing the liquid delivery time and the pore water replacement rate in the examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, a description will be given of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings. In this specification, the direction toward the opening 21 in the direction perpendicular to the bottom 22 of the container body 2 is referred to as "upper" and the direction toward the bottom 22 as "lower." However, "upper" and "lower" are used to facilitate understanding of the invention with reference to the drawings, and the meaning of these terms does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Furthermore, parts with the same reference numerals appearing in multiple drawings indicate the same or equivalent parts or components. In this specification, "to" indicating a numerical range means that the numerical values before and after it are included as the lower and upper limits, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] <Water collection container> FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a water collection container according to one embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the water collection container according to one embodiment with the filler removed, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II of FIG. 2. The water collection container 1 of this embodiment is a water collection container that stores liquid that permeates into an embankment and has a sensor disposed therein that measures the internal environment of the embankment. Specifically, the water collection container 1 stores liquid that permeates into an unsaturated zone. The liquid stored in the water collection container 1 is rainwater or other liquid that has permeated through the embankment. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the water collection container 1 includes a container body 2, a guide pipe 3, filler 4A that filters the liquid and is disposed between the inner circumferential surface of the container body 2 and the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3, and a drain pipe 5. As shown in FIG. 3, the drain pipe 5 extends horizontally from the guide pipe 3 and penetrates the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, connecting the inside of the guide pipe 3 to the outside of the container body 2.

[0012] The container body 2 has an opening 21 at the top, and can store liquid that flows in through the opening 21. Specifically, the container body 2 is a cylindrical container having a bottom 22 and a peripheral wall 23 that extends upward from the bottom 22. The cross-sectional shape of the peripheral wall 23 in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the container body 2 is circular in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, but is not limited to this and can be, for example, elliptical or polygonal (hexagonal, pentagonal, rectangular, triangular, etc.).

[0013] The guide pipe 3 is provided inside the container body 2, extends upward from the bottom 22 of the container body 2, and is capable of accommodating a sensor inside. Specifically, the guide pipe 3 extends upward from the upper end of the container body 2. The axial length of the guide pipe 3 may be adjustable according to the length of the sensor to be accommodated. For example, the guide pipe 3 has a plurality of guide pipe units 3U (described later) and a connecting member 9 (described later), and as the length of the sensor to be accommodated increases, the axial length can be extended by connecting the guide pipe units 3U together. The length of the sensor to be accommodated corresponds to the depth from the surface of the embankment where the water collection container 1 is placed.

[0014] 1 to 3, the cross-sectional shape in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the guide tube 3 is circular, but is not limited to this and can be, for example, elliptical or polygonal (hexagonal, pentagonal, rectangular, triangular, etc.) An annular gap is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the container body 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the guide tube 3.

[0015] The guide pipe 3 is located on the peripheral wall 31, closer to (below) the bottom 22 of the container body 2 than the drain pipe 5. It has a communication hole 32 that allows liquid that has passed through the filler 4A to flow into the inside of the guide pipe 3. In Figure 3, arrows indicate the flow of liquid. Liquid, such as rainwater, that flows into the container body 2 through the opening 21 flows downward through the filler 4A and into the guide pipe 3 through the communication hole 32. When the liquid level in the water collection container 1 exceeds the position of the outlet 52, the liquid is discharged from the water collection container 1 through the drain pipe 5 due to hydraulic head pressure. Thus, the water collection container 1 can collect and circulate liquid that permeates the unsaturated zone inside the embankment. Furthermore, because the water collection container 1 can be constantly filled with a constant amount of liquid, the electrodes of the sensor housed inside the guide pipe 3 are constantly in contact with the liquid, preventing sensor failure.

[0016] A plurality of communication holes 32 may be provided along the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall 31 of the guide pipe 3. The distance L1 between the lower end of the communication hole 32 and the bottom 22 of the container body 2 is preferably 15% or less of the distance L2 between the bottom 54 of the drainage pipe 5 and the bottom 22 of the container body 2. This allows a flow of liquid to be formed from the communication holes 32 to the inside of the guide pipe 3 and from the inside of the guide pipe 3 to the drainage pipe 5, and the water collection container 1 can efficiently circulate the liquid that infiltrates into the unsaturated zone inside the embankment.

[0017] As shown in Fig. 3, the guide pipe 3 has a pressure adjustment port 33 that adjusts the difference in gas pressure between the inside and outside of the guide pipe 3. Specifically, the pressure adjustment port 33 adjusts the pressure so that there is no difference in gas pressure between the space inside the guide pipe 3 and the space between the inner circumferential surface of the container body 2 and the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3. The pressure adjustment port 33 may be provided by penetrating the peripheral wall 31 above the drain pipe 5 and below the upper end of the filler 4A. This eliminates the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the guide pipe 3, and prevents the liquid accumulated in the container body 2 from being difficult to discharge to the outside of the water collection container 1 due to the pressure difference.

[0018] The filler 4A can be, for example, a plurality of granules. The interior of the granules may be hollow or solid. The shape of the granules is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a sphere, an ellipsoid, a polyhedron, or the like. Among these, it is preferable that the filler 4A is a plurality of spheres, and the plurality of spheres includes a plurality of types of spheres with different diameters. Typically, when a water collection container is buried in an embankment and in use, a gas layer forms above the opening of the container body, and this gas layer prevents liquid permeating through the embankment from flowing into the container body. In the water collection container 1 of this embodiment, the filler 4A is a plurality of spheres, and the plurality of spheres includes a plurality of types of spheres with different diameters, thereby forming irregularly sized gaps between the spheres.

[0019] Therefore, in the water collection container 1, the size of the gaps in the filler 4A is larger and more irregular than when the filler 4A is made of silica sand or the like, so that liquid permeating the embankment can easily pass through the gas layer above the opening 21 of the container body 2 and flow into the gaps between the spheres. Furthermore, as the liquid flows into the container body 2, the gas inside the container body 2 and the guide tube 3 moves upward through the gaps between the spheres and is discharged into the embankment through the opening 21, destroying the gas layer above the opening 21 of the container body 2. As described above, the water collection container 1 promotes the flow of liquid permeating the embankment through the opening 21 of the container body 2, efficiently collecting liquid that permeates into the unsaturated zone inside the embankment, and also promotes the circulation of the collected liquid.

[0020] The filler 4A may contain two types of spheres having different diameters, and the ratio of the diameters of the two types of spheres may be, for example, 1:2. The filler 4A may contain three types of spheres having different diameters, and the ratio of the diameters of the three types of spheres may be, for example, 1:2:3. The particle size of the spheres is not particularly limited as long as it is larger than the diameter of the communicating hole 32, but is preferably 10 mm to 30 mm. Examples of materials that can be used to form the spheres include glass, resin, ceramics, etc. (excluding metals). The material that can be used to form the spheres may be an elastic material such as rubber. The material that can be used to form the spheres is preferably one that does not adsorb or elute the substance to be measured in the liquid.

[0021] The filler 4A may fill the entire gap between the inner circumferential surface of the container body 2 and the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3 below the upper end of the container body 2. Specifically, the filler 4A may fill the entire gap between the inner circumferential surface of the container body 2 and the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3 over a position that is 95% or less of the height from the bottom 22 to the upper end of the container body 2. In other words, the water collection container 1 may have a storage space S formed between the inner circumferential surface of the container body 2 and the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3 above the upper surface of the filler 4A. The storage space S is a space for storing fill soil. The storage space S is not filled with the filler 4A and is composed of the inner circumferential surface of the container body 2, the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3, and the upper surface of the filler 4A.

[0022] The drain pipe 5 has a discharge port 52 provided in the peripheral wall 51 at the tip exposed to the outside of the container body 2, and the discharge port 52 preferably opens on the bottom 22 side (downward) of the container body 2. This configuration can prevent the fill soil from entering the inside of the drain pipe 5 through the discharge port 52. That is, it is possible to prevent the discharge port 52 from becoming clogged and also to prevent liquid from entering through the discharge port 52 via the fill soil. The drain pipe 5 has a side wall 53 provided at the tip, and the tip of the drain pipe 5 is closed.

[0023] The distance L2 between the bottom 54 of the drain pipe 5 and the bottom 22 of the container body 2 is not particularly limited, but may be any distance that places the bottom 54 of the drain pipe 5 above the position of the electrode of the sensor part of the sensor housed inside the guide pipe 3. The distance L2 may be, for example, 65 mm to 90 mm.

[0024] The container body 2 may have a raised portion 24 that protrudes from the bottom 22 toward (above) the opening 21. This configuration reduces the volume of the container body 2 near the bottom 22, allowing the water collection container 1 to begin circulating the liquid at an earlier stage after the liquid accumulates, and improving the pore water replacement rate of the liquid in the water collection container 1. Here, the pore water replacement rate of the liquid means the value obtained by adding liquid through the opening 21, discharging the initially filled liquid from the discharge outlet 52 (initial state) in the container body 2, dividing the amount of liquid discharged by the amount of liquid initially filled, and multiplying this value by 100.

[0025] The raised portion 24 may have a shape obtained by cutting an inverted truncated cone from a cylinder, and may surround the outer peripheral surface of the guide tube 3. Specifically, the raised portion 24 has a cylindrical outer peripheral surface and an inverted truncated cone inner peripheral surface tapering toward the bottom 22 of the container body 2, and the outer peripheral surface of the raised portion 24 faces the inner peripheral surface of the container body 2. The outer peripheral surface of the raised portion 24 may or may not be joined to the inner peripheral surface of the container body 2. The raised portion 24 may not partially surround the outer peripheral surface of the guide tube 3, and may have a C-shape in a plan view, for example. The shape of the raised portion 24 is not limited to the above-mentioned shapes, and may be, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or the like.

[0026] The container body 2 may have a protrusion 25 that protrudes outward from the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, on the opening 21 side (above) of the drainage pipe 5. With this configuration, when the water collection container 1 is buried inside the embankment, a cavity can be formed below the protrusion 25 and below the tip of the drainage pipe 5 that is exposed to the outside of the container body 2. This makes it possible to prevent the discharge outlet 52 from coming into contact with the embankment or the embankment from entering the inside of the drainage pipe 5 through the discharge outlet 52.

[0027] The protrusion 25 may have a top surface 251, a bottom surface 252, a pair of first side surfaces 253 connecting the top surface 251 and the bottom surface 252 and extending along the axis of the drainage pipe 5, and a second side surface 254 connecting the first side surfaces 253 and extending in a direction perpendicular to the first side surfaces 253. The bottom surface 252 of the protrusion 25 is preferably positioned away from the drainage pipe 5. This allows cavities to be formed both between the bottom surface 252 of the protrusion 25 and the tip of the drainage pipe 5 exposed outside the container body 2, and below the tip, when the water collection container 1 is buried in the embankment. This makes it possible to further prevent the discharge outlet 52 from coming into contact with the embankment or the embankment from entering the drainage pipe 5 through the discharge outlet 52.

[0028] The second side surface 254 is positioned outside the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2. In the direction along the axis of the drain pipe 5, the second side surface 254 may be at the same position as the outer surface of the side wall 53 of the drain pipe 5, i.e., may be flush with the outer surface of the side wall 53, or may be positioned outside the outer surface of the side wall 53. The protrusion 25 may be a separate member from the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, or may be joined to a cutout portion of the peripheral wall 23. The protrusion 25 may be a member molded integrally with the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2.

[0029] Examples of materials that can be used to form the container body 2, the guide pipe 3, and the drain pipe 5 include resin materials such as polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene, and metal materials.

[0030] Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in Fig. 2 of a water collecting container according to another embodiment, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a guide member. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the water collecting container 1 may be provided with a guide member 6A that can be arranged along the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2 and that guides the flow of liquid permeating into the embankment toward the opening 21 of the container body 2. The guide member 6A has the function of changing the direction of the flow of liquid permeating into the embankment.

[0031] The guide member 6A is cylindrical and allows the guide pipe 3 to pass through. The inner circumferential surface of the guide member 6A has an expanded diameter portion 61A whose diameter increases upward from the opening 21 of the container body 2. Liquid permeating into the unsaturated zone in the embankment moves irregularly within the embankment. Therefore, if the water collection container 1 does not include the guide member 6A, the liquid will often miss the opening 21 of the container body 2 and flow outside the opening 21. With the water collection container 1 of this embodiment, when the guide member 6A is positioned along the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, the liquid permeating into the unsaturated zone in the embankment flows along the expanded diameter portion 61A of the guide member 6A toward the opening 21 of the container body 2. Therefore, the water collection container 1 can increase the amount of collected water or the probability of collection, efficiently collect liquid permeating into the unsaturated zone in the embankment, and circulate the collected liquid. Here, the probability of collection refers to the percentage of the possibility of collection.

[0032] The inner peripheral surface of the guide member 6A may have an expanding diameter portion 61A whose diameter increases from the second opening 63A toward the first opening 62A. Specifically, the inner peripheral surface of the guide member 6A may have an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases from the opening 21 side of the container body 2 toward the upper side.

[0033] The guide member 6A has a first opening (upper opening) 62A provided at one axial end of the guide member 6A, and a second opening (lower opening) 63A provided at the other axial end and having a smaller diameter than the first opening 62A. When the second opening 63A of the guide member 6A and the opening 21 of the container body 2 are each circular, it is preferable that the diameter of the second opening 63A of the guide member 6A be the same as or smaller than the diameter of the opening 21 of the container body 2. Furthermore, the diameter of the second opening 63A of the guide member 6A is larger than the outer diameter of the guide tube 3.

[0034] In the example shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the guide member 6A has a shape obtained by cutting an inverted truncated cone from a cylinder. In this case, the guide member 6A has a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 64A, an inverted truncated cone inner peripheral surface, and an annular bottom surface 65A. The guide member 6A may have a fitting portion 66A formed on the bottom surface 65A along the second opening 63A. The fitting portion 66A can be fitted into an upper portion of the peripheral wall 23, including the upper end surface 231, of the container body 2. The guide member 6A can be fixed to the container body 2 by fitting the fitting portion 66A into an upper portion of the peripheral wall 23, including the upper end surface 231 of the container body 2. In the example shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the fitting portion 66A is an annular recess, but it may also be an annular protrusion. When the fitting portion 66A is an annular convex portion, an annular concave portion may be formed in the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, into which the fitting portion 66A fits.

[0035] The outer diameter of the guide member 6A may be larger than the outer diameter of the container body 2. Specifically, the guide member 6A may have a flange-like shape that protrudes radially outward from the opening 21 of the container body 2 when arranged along the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2.

[0036] 4 and 5, the guide member 6A may have an inverted truncated cone cylindrical shape. That is, the guide member 6A may include an outer peripheral surface 64A having an inverted truncated cone surface shape and an inner peripheral surface having an inverted truncated cone surface shape.

[0037] Examples of materials that can be used to form the guide member 6A include resin materials such as polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene, and metal materials.

[0038] The water collection container 1 may have a storage space S1 formed above the upper surface of the filler 4A, between the inner circumferential surface of the guide member 6A and the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3. The storage space S1 is a space for storing embankment. The storage space S1 is not filled with the filler 4A, and is composed of the inner circumferential surface of the guide member 6A, the outer circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3, and the upper surface of the filler 4A. The water collection container 1 may also have the storage space S1 when it is equipped with guide members 6B and 6C, which will be described later.

[0039] Fig. 6 is a plan view showing a first modified example of the guide member, and Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing the first modified example of the guide member. As shown in Fig. 6, the water collection container 1 can be arranged along the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, and may be provided with a guide member 6B that guides the flow of liquid permeating into the embankment toward the opening 21 of the container body 2. Like guide member 6A, guide member 6B has the function of changing the direction of the flow of liquid permeating into the embankment.

[0040] The guide member 6B is sheet-like and has an insertion hole 61B provided in the center thereof through which the guide pipe 3 can be inserted, and is deformable into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases upward from the opening 21 side of the container body 2. With this configuration, when the guide member 6B is arranged along the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, liquid that permeates into the unsaturated zone inside the embankment flows along the surface of the guide member 6B, which has been deformed into an inverted truncated cone shape, toward the opening 21 of the container body 2. Therefore, the water collection container 1 can increase the amount or probability of water collection, can efficiently collect liquid that permeates into the unsaturated zone inside the embankment, and can circulate the collected liquid.

[0041] When the insertion hole 61B of the guide member 6B and the opening 21 of the container body 2 are each circular, it is preferable that the diameter of the insertion hole 61B of the guide member 6B be the same as or smaller than the diameter of the opening 21 of the container body 2. In addition, the diameter of the insertion hole 61B of the guide member 6B is larger than the outer diameter of the guide tube 3.

[0042] The outer shape of the guide member 6B can be circular in a plan view. The guide member 6B may have a plurality of first notches 62B extending radially outward from the insertion hole 61B (toward the outer peripheral edge of the guide member 6B) and a plurality of second notches 63B extending radially inward from the peripheral edge of the guide member 6B (toward the center of the guide member 6B). With this configuration, the guide member 6B can be easily deformed into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases upward from the opening 21 side of the container body 2.

[0043] Preferably, the first notches 62B and the second notches 63B are provided at positions that are n-fold rotationally symmetric about the center of the guide member 6B, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the example shown in FIG. 6, there are eight first notches 62B, and the eight first notches 62B are provided at positions that are eight-fold rotationally symmetric. Furthermore, there are eight second notches 63B, and the eight second notches 63B are provided at positions that are eight-fold rotationally symmetric. The first notches 62B and the second notches 63B are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the guide member 6B. Note that the guide member 6B does not necessarily have to have one or both of the first notches 62B and the second notches 63B.

[0044] As shown in Fig. 7, the guide member 6B can be a waterproof sheet having a two-layer structure consisting of a waterproof layer 64B and a nonwoven fabric layer 65B. Examples of materials that can be used to form the waterproof layer 64B include synthetic rubber, polyethylene, and vinyl chloride. The nonwoven fabric layer 65B has the function of preventing damage to the waterproof layer 64B due to gravel in the embankment.

[0045] Figure 8 is a plan view showing a second modified example of the guide member. As shown in Figure 8, the water collection container 1 may be provided with a guide member 6C that can be arranged along the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2 and that guides the flow of liquid seeping into the embankment toward the opening 21 of the container body 2. The guide member 6C according to the second modified example has a different shape from the guide member 6B according to the first modified example, but can otherwise be similar to the guide member 6B according to the first modified example.

[0046] The guide member 6C is sheet-like and has an insertion hole 61C located in the center thereof through which the guide pipe 3 can be inserted, and is deformable into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases upward from the opening 21 side of the container body 2. With this configuration, when the guide member 6C is arranged along the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, liquid that permeates the unsaturated zone inside the embankment flows along the surface of the guide member 6C, which has been deformed into an inverted truncated cone shape, toward the opening 21 of the container body 2. Therefore, the water collection container 1 can increase the amount or probability of water collection, efficiently collect liquid that permeates the unsaturated zone inside the embankment, and circulate the collected liquid.

[0047] The outer shape of the guide member 6C can be a polygon, such as an octagon, in a plan view. The guide member 6C is composed of multiple sheets 62C, each of which has a trapezoidal shape in a plan view. The multiple sheets 62C may be arranged in a ring shape and joined together. This configuration allows the guide member 6C to easily deform into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases from the opening 21 side of the container body 2 toward the top.

[0048] The water collecting vessel 1 having the above-mentioned guide members 6A, 6B, 6C and the additional filler 4B described below may constitute a water collecting vessel set.

[0049] <Water collection method> 9A to 9D are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a method for collecting liquid permeating into an embankment using a water collecting container according to another embodiment. An example of a method for collecting liquid permeating into an embankment using a water collecting container 1 according to another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A to 9D. In the water collecting method of this embodiment, the water collecting container 1 includes a guide member 6B. The water collecting container 1 and the guide member 6B are similar to the water collecting container 1 and the guide member 6B described above, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted here. The guide pipe 3 includes a plurality of guide pipe units 3U, which are axially connectable to one another. Below, a water collecting method will be described in which the water collecting container 1 includes the guide member 6B; however, in the water collecting method of this embodiment, the water collecting container 1 may include the above-described guide member 6C instead of the guide member 6B.

[0050] (Process of burying the water collection container) 9A, the water collecting method of this embodiment includes a step of burying the water collecting container 1 in fill material 13 that has been piled up on the ground 12, with the guide member 6B removed from the water collecting container 1. The water collecting container 1 is similar to the water collecting container 1 described above, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted here. In this step, the portion of the water collecting container 1 below the upper end surface 231 of the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2 is buried in the fill material 13, and the portion above the opening 21 of the container body 2 is not covered with the fill material 13.

[0051] (The process of piling up embankment materials) The water collection method of this embodiment includes a step of piling up embankment material 13 so as to form an inverted truncated cone-shaped slope 131, the diameter of which increases from the opening 21 side of the container body 2 toward the top, outside and above the peripheral wall 23 of the container body 2, as shown in Figure 9A.

[0052] (Step of deforming the guide member) 9B, the water collecting method of the present embodiment includes a step of arranging guide member 6B along upper end surface 231 and inclined surface 131 of peripheral wall 23 of container body 2, and deforming guide member 6B into an inverted truncated conical cylindrical shape whose diameter increases upward from the opening 21 side of container body 2. In this step, guide member 6B is preferably arranged so that the periphery of insertion hole 61B of guide member 6B is located below opening 21 of container body 2.

[0053] (Step of filling additional filling material) 9C, the water collecting method of this embodiment includes a step of filling additional filler 4B between the guide member 6B and the outer peripheral surface of the guide pipe 3. The additional filler 4B may be the same as the above-mentioned filler 4A. In this step, if the water collecting container 1 has an accommodation space S, the additional filler 4B may be filled in the accommodation space S and between the guide member 6B and the outer peripheral surface of the guide pipe 3.

[0054] In this step, the additional filler 4B is preferably filled so that it is positioned below the upper end of the guide member 6B. For example, it is preferable to fill the additional filler 4B so that it is positioned below a height that is approximately 95% of the height (shortest distance) from the bottom 22 of the container body 2 to the upper end of the guide member 6B. By this step, the water collection container 1 may have a storage space S1 formed between the inner peripheral surface of the guide member 6B and the outer peripheral surface of the guide pipe 3 above the upper surface of the additional filler 4B. The storage space S1 is a space for storing filler soil. The storage space S1 is not filled with the additional filler 4B and is composed of the inner peripheral surface of the guide member 6A, the outer peripheral surface of the guide pipe 3, and the upper surface of the additional filler 4B.

[0055] (Process of extending the guide tube) 9C, the water collecting method of the present embodiment includes a step of axially connecting the guide pipe units 3U to each other and extending the guide pipe 3. In this step, the guide pipe units 3U can be connected to each other via a connecting member 9.

[0056] (The process of constructing embankments) The water collection method of this embodiment includes the step of further piling up embankment material 13 above the additional filler 4B and around the guide pipe 3, and compacting the surface of the embankment material 13 to construct an embankment 11, as shown in Figure 9D.

[0057] As described above, the water collection method of this embodiment includes the steps of burying the water collection container 1, which includes the guide pipe 3 having multiple guide pipe units 3U that can be axially connected to one another, building up the fill material 13, deforming the guide member 6B, filling with additional filler 4B, extending the guide pipe 3, and constructing the fill 11. As a result, liquid that permeates the unsaturated zone inside the fill flows toward the opening 21 of the container body 2 along the surface of the guide member 6B, which has been deformed into an inverted truncated cone shape. Therefore, the water collection method of this embodiment can increase the amount or probability of water collection, efficiently collect liquid that permeates the unsaturated zone inside the fill in the water collection container 1, and circulate the collected liquid.

[0058] <Measuring equipment> FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device according to one embodiment, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a main portion of the measuring device according to one embodiment. The filler 4A is omitted from FIG. 10 . In FIG. 11 , arrows indicate the flow of liquid. The measuring device 10 of this embodiment measures the internal environment of an embankment. Specifically, the measuring device 10 measures the internal environment of the unsaturated zone of the embankment. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 , the measuring device 10 includes a water collection container 1 and a sensor 7 disposed inside the guide pipe 3. A flow passage is formed between the sensor 7 and the inner circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3, guiding liquid that flows into the guide pipe 3 through the communication hole 32 to the drain pipe 5. With this configuration, liquid such as rainwater that flows into the opening 21 of the container body 2 flows downward through the filler 4A, flows into the guide pipe 3 through the communication hole 32, and is discharged from the drain pipe 5 to the outside of the water collection container 1 via the flow passage between the sensor 7 and the inner circumferential surface of the guide pipe 3. Therefore, the measuring device 10 can collect and circulate the liquid that permeates into the unsaturated zone inside the embankment, and can measure the change over time in the internal environment of the unsaturated zone of the embankment.

[0059] The configuration of the water collection container 1 is the same as that described above, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted here. In the example shown in Figures 10 and 11, the water collection container 1 does not include guide members 6A, 6B, and 6C, but may include guide members 6A, 6B, and 6C.

[0060] The sensor 7 detects the internal environment of the embankment. Examples of the sensor 7 include an electric conductivity (electrical conductivity) sensor, a pH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor, etc. The sensor 7 may include one or more of these sensors.

[0061] The sensor 7 has a sensor main body 71 and a sensor unit 72 provided at the tip of the sensor main body 71 and detecting electrical conductivity (electrical conductivity), pH, the amount of dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), etc. In the measuring device 10, the water collection container 1 is always filled with a constant amount of liquid, so the electrodes 73 of the sensor unit 72 can be kept in contact with the liquid. This allows the measuring device 10 to measure changes over time in the electrical conductivity (electrical conductivity), pH, the amount of dissolved oxygen, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), etc. of the liquid stored in the water collection container 1. This also prevents the electrodes 73 of the sensor 7 from being exposed to gas, which can cause the sensor 7 to malfunction.

[0062] As shown in Figure 10, the measuring device 10 is provided on top of the sensor 7 and has an airtight cap C that covers the opening at the top end of the guide tube 3. The airtight cap C has the function of preventing gas from outside the embankment from passing through the gap between the guide tube 3 and the sensor body 71 and entering the liquid to be measured, thereby preventing damage to the original environment of the embankment gap. The measuring device 10 may also have a recording device 8, such as a data logger, that is connected to the sensor 7 and records data detected by the sensor 7.

[0063] <Method for measuring the internal environment of embankments> FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a method for measuring the internal environment of an embankment according to one embodiment. The method for measuring the internal environment of an embankment according to this embodiment is a measurement method using a measurement device 10 according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, the method for measuring the internal environment of an embankment according to this embodiment includes the steps of burying the measurement device 10 according to this embodiment in embankment material 13 laid on ground 12, compacting the surface of the embankment material 13 to construct an embankment 11 after the step of burying the measurement device 10, and measuring the internal environment of the unsaturated zone of the embankment using the measurement device 10. As a result, the method for measuring the internal environment of an embankment according to this embodiment includes the steps of compacting the embankment 11 to construct an embankment 11 after the step of burying the measurement device 10, and therefore it is possible to measure changes over time in the internal environment of the unsaturated zone of the embankment 11 without damaging the shape of the embankment 11.

[0064] If the guide pipe 3 has multiple guide pipe units 3U, the step of burying the measuring device 10 may include a step of compacting the embankment around one guide pipe unit 3U, then connecting another guide pipe unit 3U to the one guide pipe unit 3U, and extending the guide pipe 3. One guide pipe unit 3U and another guide pipe unit 3U can be connected via a connecting member 9. The step of burying the measuring device 10 may include a step of placing a sensor 7 inside the guide pipe 3 after the step of extending the guide pipe 3.

[0065] The measuring device 10 is the same as that described above, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted here. [Example]

[0066] The embodiment will be described in more detail below by way of examples.

[0067] Example 1 A container body was fabricated using vinyl chloride piping with an inner diameter of 146 mm. A vinyl chloride piping with an inner diameter of 51 mm was attached to the bottom of the container body as a guide tube. A piping with an inner diameter of 6 mm was attached as a drainage tube, penetrating the peripheral wall of the container body, and a raised portion was provided at the bottom of the container body. Furthermore, two types of glass spheres with diameters of 11 mm and 15 mm were packed as fillers between the inner peripheral surface of the container body and the outer peripheral surface of the guide tube, to fabricate the water collection container shown in Figures 1 to 3. The distance L1 between the lower end of the communication hole and the bottom of the container body was 11 mm, and the distance L2 between the bottom of the drainage tube and the bottom of the container body was 85 mm.

[0068] An electrical conductivity sensor was placed inside the guide tube, and after collecting water in the water collection container, an aqueous potassium chloride solution with an electrical conductivity of approximately 500 mS / m was poured from above the spheres filled in the container body at a rate of approximately 50 mL / min using a liquid delivery pump, and the electrical conductivity was measured until the amount of potassium chloride solution delivered reached a predetermined amount.

[0069] Example 2 The electrical conductivity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the water collection container was not provided with a raised portion.

[0070] (Comparative Example 1) The electrical conductivity was measured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that communication holes were provided above and below the drain pipe in the peripheral wall of the guide pipe.

[0071] Fig. 13 is a graph showing the liquid transfer time and pore water replacement rate in the examples. As shown in Fig. 13, the water collection containers of Examples 1 and 2 had higher pore water replacement rates than the water collection container of Comparative Example 1, and reached a pore water replacement rate of 100%. Furthermore, the water collection container of Example 1 with the raised portion progressed to a faster stage of replacement than the water collection container of Example 2 without the raised portion.

[0072] (Aspects of the present invention) The present invention includes the following aspects. <Aspect 1> A water collection container that collects liquid that permeates into the embankment and has a sensor disposed therein that measures the internal environment of the embankment, a container body having an opening at the top; a guide tube provided inside the container body, extending upward from the bottom of the container body, and capable of accommodating the sensor therein; a filler provided between an inner peripheral surface of the container body and an outer peripheral surface of the guide pipe, the filler filtering the liquid; a drain pipe extending horizontally from the guide pipe, penetrating the peripheral wall of the container body, and communicating the inside of the guide pipe with the outside of the container body; The guide tube is a water collection container having a pressure adjustment port that adjusts the pressure difference between the gas inside and outside the guide tube, and a communication hole that is provided on the peripheral wall on the bottom side of the container body from the drain pipe and allows the liquid that has passed through the filling to flow into the inside of the guide tube. <Aspect 2> In the water collection container according to aspect 1, the distance between the lower end of the communication hole and the bottom of the container body is 15% or less of the distance between the bottom of the drain pipe and the bottom of the container body. <Aspect 3> In the water collection container according to aspect 1 or 2, the container body has a raised portion that protrudes from the bottom of the container body toward the opening. <Aspect 4> The drain pipe has a discharge port provided in a peripheral wall at a tip end exposed to the outside of the container body, In the water collection container according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the outlet is open to the bottom side of the container body. <Aspect 5> The water collection container according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the container body has a protrusion that protrudes outward from the peripheral wall of the container body on the opening side of the drain pipe. <Aspect 6> the packing is a plurality of spheres, Aspect 6. The water collection vessel of any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of spheres includes a plurality of types of spheres having different diameters. <Aspect 7> a guide member that can be arranged along the upper end surface of the peripheral wall of the container body and that guides the flow of the liquid that permeates into the embankment toward the opening of the container body; the guide member is tubular and allows the guide tube to be inserted therethrough, In the water collection container according to aspect 6, the inner circumferential surface of the guide member has a diameter-increasing portion whose diameter increases upward from the opening side of the container body. <Aspect 8> a guide member that can be arranged along the upper end surface of the peripheral wall of the container body and that guides the flow of the liquid that permeates into the embankment toward the opening of the container body; The guide member is sheet-shaped, has a through hole in the center of the guide member through which the guide tube can be inserted, and is a water collection container described in embodiment 6 that can be deformed into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases as it extends upward from the opening side of the container body. <Aspect 9> A method for collecting liquid permeating into an embankment using the water collection container according to aspect 8, comprising: the guide pipe has a plurality of guide pipe units, and the plurality of guide pipe units are connectable to each other in the axial direction; a step of burying the water collection container in a banking material banked on the ground with the guide member removed from the water collection container; a step of piling up the embankment material so as to form an inverted truncated cone-shaped slope whose diameter increases from the opening side of the container body upward, outside and above the peripheral wall of the container body; a step of arranging the guide member along the upper end surface and the inclined surface of the peripheral wall of the container body, and deforming the guide member into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases upward from the opening side of the container body; a step of filling an additional filler between the guide member and the outer peripheral surface of the guide tube; a step of connecting the guide pipe units to each other in the axial direction and extending the guide pipe; and a step of piling up further embankment material above the additional filler and around the guide pipe, and compacting the surface of the embankment material to build an embankment. <Aspect 10> A measuring device for measuring the internal environment of an embankment, A water collection vessel according to any one of aspects 1 to 8; and a sensor disposed inside the guide tube; In this measuring device, a flow passage is formed between the sensor and the inner surface of the guide pipe, which guides the liquid that has flowed into the inside of the guide pipe from the communication hole to the drain pipe.

[0073] Although the embodiments have been described above, they are presented as examples and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various combinations, omissions, substitutions, modifications, etc. can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0074] 1 Water collection container 2 Container body 21 Opening 22 Bottom 23 Peripheral wall 24 Raised part 25 Protrusion 251 Top 252 bottom 253 First aspect 254 Second aspect 3 Guide tube 3U guide tube unit 31 Peripheral wall 32 Communication hole 33 Pressure adjustment port 4A filling 4B Additional filling 5 Drain pipe 51 Peripheral wall 52 Outlet 53 Side wall 54 Bottom 6A, 6B, 6C guide members 61A Expanded section 62A 1st opening 63A 2nd opening 64A Outer surface 65A Bottom 61B Insertion hole 62B First cut 63B Second cut 64B Water impermeable layer 65B Non-woven layer 61C Insertion hole 62C seat 7 Sensors 71 Sensor body 72 Sensor section 73 Electrode 8 Recording Devices 9 Connecting members 10. Measuring equipment 11 Embankment 12 Ground 13 Embankment materials 131 Slope C. Airtight Cap S Storage space

Claims

1. A water collection container that collects liquid that permeates into the embankment and has a sensor disposed therein that measures the internal environment of the embankment, a container body having an opening at the top; a guide tube provided inside the container body, extending upward from the bottom of the container body, and capable of accommodating the sensor therein; a filler provided between an inner peripheral surface of the container body and an outer peripheral surface of the guide pipe, the filler filtering the liquid; a drain pipe extending horizontally from the guide pipe, penetrating the peripheral wall of the container body, and communicating the inside of the guide pipe with the outside of the container body; The guide tube is a water collection container having a pressure adjustment port that adjusts the pressure difference between the gas inside and outside the guide tube, and a communication hole that is provided on the peripheral wall on the bottom side of the container body from the drain pipe and allows the liquid that has passed through the filling to flow into the inside of the guide tube.

2. 2. The water collection container according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the lower end of the communication hole and the bottom of the container body is 15% or less of the distance between the bottom of the drain pipe and the bottom of the container body.

3. The water collection container according to claim 2 , wherein the container body has a raised portion that protrudes from the bottom of the container body toward the opening.

4. The drain pipe has a discharge port provided in a peripheral wall at a tip end exposed to the outside of the container body, 4. The water collection container according to claim 3, wherein the outlet is open to the bottom side of the container body.

5. The water collection container according to claim 4, wherein the container body has a protrusion that protrudes outward from the peripheral wall of the container body on the opening side of the drain pipe.

6. the packing is a plurality of spheres, 6. The water collection vessel of claim 5, wherein the plurality of spheres includes a plurality of types of spheres having different diameters.

7. a guide member that can be arranged along the upper end surface of the peripheral wall of the container body and that guides the flow of the liquid that permeates into the embankment toward the opening of the container body; the guide member is tubular and allows the guide tube to be inserted therethrough, The water collection container according to claim 6, wherein the inner circumferential surface of the guide member has a diameter increasing portion whose diameter increases from the opening side of the container body toward the top.

8. a guide member that can be arranged along the upper end surface of the peripheral wall of the container body and that guides the flow of the liquid that permeates into the embankment toward the opening of the container body; The water collection container according to claim 6, wherein the guide member is sheet-shaped, has a through hole at the center of the guide member through which the guide tube can be inserted, and is deformable into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases as it extends upward from the opening side of the container body.

9. A method for collecting liquid permeating into an embankment using the water collection container according to claim 8, the guide pipe has a plurality of guide pipe units, and the plurality of guide pipe units are connectable to each other in the axial direction; a step of burying the water collection container in a banking material banked on the ground with the guide member removed from the water collection container; a step of piling up the embankment material outside and above the peripheral wall of the container body so as to form a sloped surface in the shape of an inverted truncated cone whose diameter increases from the opening side of the container body toward the upper side; a step of arranging the guide member along the upper end surface and the inclined surface of the peripheral wall of the container body, and deforming the guide member into an inverted truncated cone shape whose diameter increases upward from the opening side of the container body; a step of filling an additional filler between the guide member and the outer peripheral surface of the guide tube; a step of connecting the guide pipe units to each other in the axial direction and extending the guide pipe; and building an embankment by further piling up embankment material above the additional filler and around the guide pipe and compacting the surface of the embankment material.

10. A measuring device for measuring the internal environment of an embankment, A water collection vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 8; a sensor disposed inside the guide tube; A measuring device in which a flow passage is formed between the sensor and the inner surface of the guide pipe to guide the liquid that has flowed into the inside of the guide pipe from the communication hole to the drain pipe.

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