Medical sensor, molecular machine, and programmable nanorobot with controller

Abstract

To provide a molecular structure which allows seamless communication and cooperation between functional elements to perform multiple programmable tasks at once.SOLUTION: A programmable molecular structure (100) comprises a matrix molecule (110), one or more receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), at least one of which is linked to a portion of the matrix molecule (110), one or more molecular machines (106, 107), at least one of which is linked to another portion of the matrix molecule (110), and one or more controller molecules (101) that control at least a portion of the molecular machines (106, 107).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to integrated molecular machines based on nanoscale programmable devices that can be wirelessly instructed to perform a variety of tasks, and methods for designing such molecular machines. [Background technology]

[0002] In the fields of nanotechnology and molecular engineering, numerous attempts have been made to realize nanorobots and nanomachines that can perform desired tasks autonomously or according to user instructions (see, for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3, and Non-Patent Documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] US Patent Number: US 7,687,146 B1 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent Application Publication No.: US 2005 / 0136453 A1 [Patent Document 3] US Patent Number: US 5,372,930 [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Chandrasekaran, G., Tatrai, P., & Gergely, F. (2015). Hitting the brakes: targeting microtubule motors in cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 113(5), 693-698. https: / / doi.org / 10.1038 / bjc.2015.264 [Patent Document 2] Gondal, M., Butt, R., Shah, O., Sultan, M., Mustafa, G., Nasir, Z., … & Chaudhary, S. (2021). A personalized therapeutics approach using an in silico drosophila patient model reveals optimal chemo- and targeted therapy combinations for colorectal cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 11. https: / / doi.org / 10.3389 / fonc.2021.692592

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Patent Document 5

Patent Document 6

Patent Document 7

[0005] In traditional approaches to the design of molecular machines, it is difficult to encode programs that deal with different functional parts and operate them in isolation or together.

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a molecular architecture that allows seamless communication and coordinated action between functional components to perform multiple programmable tasks at once. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, a programmable molecular structure comprises a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, at least any of which is bound to a part of the matrix molecule, one or more molecular machines, at least any of which is bound to another part of the matrix molecule, and one or more controller molecules that control at least a part of the molecular machines.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, a method for designing a programmable molecular structure includes a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, and includes the steps of preparing a matrix molecule including at least one cavity, and binding surface elements including the receptor molecules to the ends of the matrix molecule through covalent bonds, coordinate bonds, electrostatic bonds, or weak interaction forces, wherein the boundary molecules on the surface within the cavity are composed of chelating atoms and non-chelating atoms that trigger hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the matrix molecule to the surface elements.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for designing a molecular structure includes a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, the method comprising applying any one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to the molecular structure, and obtaining a map of one or more energy transfer loops in the molecular structure, the energy transfer loops being subject to a user wishing to program, edit, write, erase, or rewrite any task performed by the molecular system.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned object, a molecular structure includes a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, wherein at least one of the receptor molecules and the molecular machines absorbs energy from the external environment, and the molecular structure converts the energy into vibrational energy, resonates the vibrational energy, and releases energy packets in the form of vortices or rings of an electromagnetic field.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, a molecular structure includes a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, wherein the receptor molecules receive an electromagnetic pulse sent by a user and transmit the electromagnetic pulse to the matrix molecules, and the controller molecules receive an energy packet corresponding to the electromagnetic pulse from the matrix molecules and instruct the molecular machines to perform one or more specific functions corresponding to the electromagnetic pulse.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for manufacturing a molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules includes the steps of preparing a matrix molecule comprising at least one cavity, and attaching surface elements comprising the receptor molecules to the ends of the matrix molecule via covalent bonds, coordinate bonds, electrostatic bonds, or weak interaction forces, wherein the boundary molecules on the surface of the cavity are composed of chelating atoms and non-chelating atoms that trigger hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the matrix molecule to the surface elements.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for producing a molecular structure, comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, includes applying any one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to the molecular structure, and obtaining a map of one or more energy transfer loops in the molecular structure. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a molecular structure can be provided that enables seamless communication and coordinated action between functional components. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary architecture of a molecular structure according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing various possible matrix structures of matrix molecules and the various nature of the cavities for molecular encapsulation. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the curve of the encapsulation number of controller molecules versus the pH of the reaction medium. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing how information spreads from the controller molecule to all branches of the matrix molecule. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the overall synthesis scheme for the matrix structure synthesis. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing that the behavior of molecular structures is controlled by the nature of the energy transfer pathway and the associated energy content. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing how a receptor molecule changes its state upon receiving an external stimulus. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing receptor molecules attached onto the surface of matrix molecules. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows that different molecular machines located on the surface of a matrix molecule have different operational motions. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a single branch of a molecular structure with a triangular energy transfer pathway designated. [Figure 11] Figure 11 shows that the resonances match and the intensity increases. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows the potential fluctuations of a molecular structure measured between two electrodes. [Figure 13] Figure 13 shows that the external trigger in the first column activates the S (sensor molecule, receptor molecule) → C (controller molecule) → M (rotor, molecular machine) pathway. [Figure 14] Figure 14 shows that the addition of small amounts of molecular structure destroys cancer cells. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows that the oscillations of the molecular structure are consistent with the vibrations of beta plaque. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a CEES (Combined Excitation-Emission Spectroscopy) image of the molecular structure. [Figure 17] Figure 17 shows CEES images of various molecular structure configurations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] <<Embodiment Mode>> Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0017] Historical Overview and Implementation of Embodiments Before going into the details of this embodiment, a brief historical overview and some aspects of this embodiment will be provided.

[0018] The "Age of Nano Machines" campaign is all about the need for truly tiny decision-makers (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1). It's worth imagining tiny brains on a microscopic scale making decisions and completing tasks on their own, without human intervention. The environment changes so quickly that these tiny systems must also change quickly. Sometimes the environment changes so dramatically that even the way decisions are made must be completely altered, just as algorithms must change the main ideas on which they are built. What we really need are clever little factories that are tiny and can be programmed to do clever things (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

[0019] "Making decisions at such a small scale is very similar to how living organisms work, so we may have to use basic rules like those in nature. We want to build tiny robots that can sense things, decide what to do, and actually do it. These particular robots can be built using natural processes and chemicals, and they represent a new and important solution to the challenge of working at such small scales."

[0020] The effectiveness of conventional molecular drugs relies on precise interactions between the drug and target molecules. However, the success of this binding is limited, often resulting in both desirable effects and undesirable side effects. The breakthrough innovation in this application proposes a new approach: the design of drug molecules that function without the need for direct binding to a target site.

[0021] Despite the remarkable progress being made in the fields of nanotechnology and molecular engineering, a significant challenge remains: the lack of comprehensive and efficient means to regulate and control dynamic energy exchange pathways within nanoscale structures. Existing approaches rely on conventional binding interactions, which limit their precision and effectiveness and often result in undesirable side effects. The need for new solutions is clear. This application describes methods for designing and creating functional nanoscale systems that can dynamically respond to environmental cues, perform complex tasks, and communicate seamlessly.

[0022] The complexity of orchestrating energy flow and interactions between molecular components within nanoscale architectures presents significant scientific hurdles. Traditional bond-based approaches have inherent limitations that prevent complex control and adaptive functionality from being achieved. Traditional methods struggle to facilitate efficient energy exchange due to their linear, one-dimensional nature. Furthermore, this challenge extends to enabling these systems to process and transmit signals similar to logic gates, mirroring classical or quantum logic, as achieved in embodiments of the present application.

[0023] As some of the challenges discussed above exist in the realm of nanotechnology, significant challenges hinder efficient information transmission and controlled dynamic reactions within nanoscale systems. Traditional approaches to designing molecular structures lack the precision and versatility necessary to achieve seamless communication and coordinated action between functional components. Traditional methods struggle to maintain signal integrity, transmit information, and ensure dynamic adaptability within complex nanoscale architectures.

[0024] The need for a solution is clear. As one aspect of our invention, we propose a method for creating nanoscale systems that can respond to specific environmental cues, perform tasks, and transmit signals with the greatest precision. As one aspect of our invention, we devise and propose a comprehensive molecular protocol that can accommodate a variety of connection networks, promoting controlled interactions among functional groups while ensuring robust signal transmission. Previous approaches have fallen short in achieving a unified design that enables effective signal propagation and dynamic response. Existing methods often result in signal degradation, reduced precision, and inefficient interactions between components. This hinders the realization of nanoscale systems that can dynamically adapt to changing conditions and perform tasks with high precision.

[0025] The current scientific challenge is to establish a comprehensive molecular framework that enables controlled information propagation, dynamic responses, and precise interactions within nanoscale systems. This application proposes a solution based on a specific molecular structure called a nanobrain (NB). The nanobrain's (NB) molecular structure and its complex interconnection network address the above challenges by promoting efficient communication, adaptive responses, and coordinated actions among functional components. Embodiments of the present invention can change the conventional concept that drugs act by chemically interacting with biomaterials. Chemical interactions lead to side effects. As an aspect of embodiments of the present invention, non-chemical drugs are proposed to minimize side effects.

[0026] To overcome the obstacles described above and unlock the true potential of nanotechnology, attention must be focused on a paradigm-shifting problem: the development of versatile molecular systems that can control dynamic energy exchange pathways, respond to various stimuli, and transmit signals in a manner analogous to logic gates. This encompasses the challenge of designing sophisticated nanoscale frameworks that can host diverse components, each contributing to overall functionality, while maintaining precise control and adaptability. Holistic solutions are needed to facilitate the seamless exchange of energy, utilize multiple input sources, and direct output responses with high precision and efficiency. Such solutions are provided in embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Light, magnetic fields, or simple direct energy sources have always been used to activate specific dynamics within molecular structures. No attempt has been made to generate and control many decisions using truth tables. In molecular systems, logic gates can be classical or quantum. This application broadly proposes a possible language for programming nanorobots and demonstrates several applications using this "conversation." One problem is to destroy mutated DNA in cancer cells, while another is to destroy beta plaques extracted from Alzheimer's disease patients. Biomimetics is considered a key technology for technological advancement (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 5). When mutation pathways are adaptive and new pathways are invented, immune proteins, our body's last line of defense, become unable to cope with the rapid progression of these diseases. Such failures in mutagenic diseases remain untreatable even with chemical drugs. In recent years, carcinoma treatment using immune cells and electric fields has attracted considerable attention, but no universal combination therapy has yet been proposed.

[0028] (Outline of measures to solve the problem) Below is a brief overview of some of the solutions to the problem.

[0029] One of the objectives of this invention is to design and synthesize a practical molecular robot (molecular structure, nanoplatform) that has the following three functional parts (functional components): First, one or more components for sensing the environment; Second, one or more parts for processing the signals and deriving logical decisions; Finally, one or more parts to instruct the attached molecular machine to perform a job.

[0030] A key feature of nanoplatform design is programmability. The idea we developed implements a clock-like energy transfer in a loop connecting multiple functional groups, each of which is assigned a specific task.

[0031] We have designed nanoplatforms that can be instructed by applying a combination of electromagnetic frequencies or pulsed thermal noise externally to living life forms (molecular robots, molecular structures, and nanoplatforms). The functional components of the nanoplatforms activate in loops. The very loops that activate functional molecular domains are assigned to perform highly specific tasks. One aspect of an embodiment of this invention involves the discovery of the infrared language of immune proteins and mutant DNA, as well as the discovery of a thermal resonance frequency-based clock structure that can be addressed by externally excited electromagnetic signals. Following the discovery of this common language, in one aspect of an embodiment of this application, we invented a complex nanomachine architecture that we can call PCMS (P = PAMAM dendrimer, C = controller, M = motor, S = sensor), designed exclusively to speak the same language and provide programmed interactions with multiple targets at once. Multi-agent communication through equivalent adaptive logic gates with astronomical instructions makes PCMS ideal non-chemical drugs without the side effects of chemotherapy or blind electric field-based targeting.

[0032] For the first time, we have developed a framework for the communication and operation language of novel "nanorobots." The most important problem is how multiple functional components communicate with each other in a coordinated manner to perform complex tasks. The solution to the problem of nanoscale instantaneous intelligence lies in the introduction of a revolutionary supramolecular structure, called a nanobrain (NB), proposed in our embodiments. This molecular structure's innovative architecture incorporates fractal molecular branches (sometimes called a "matrix"), molecular sensors and actuators, molecular machines, and a multilevel "controller unit" encapsulated within a matrix with dynamic void spaces. The encapsulated guest molecules function as the controller unit, enabling the transfer of energy and signals between components through the matrix according to logical rules. Molecular motors, sensors, and emitters attached to the surface (the matrix surface) further amplify the system's capabilities by enabling energy harvesting, storage, and diverse signal detection. Integrating these components enables complex energy exchange pathways and logical operations, addressing important questions and paving the way for unprecedented advances in nanoscale technology and molecular engineering.

[0033] One of the important characteristics of the nanorobot (molecular structure) according to the embodiment of the present application is that it can swim underwater like a nanosubmarine. Its operation is wireless, with atomic-scale precision, allowing it to blow up or manipulate hostile targets (e.g., nanoparticles) without destroying them. Target detection is based on resonance, an inherent property of matter, so there is no chance of selecting the wrong target. Furthermore, because the execution mode is wireless, there are no side effects. In addition to new types of medical treatment, nanorobots (molecular structures) can be used for environmental purification and operations in harsh environments such as outer space.

[0034] The nanorobot (molecular structure) according to the embodiment of the present application is controlled (feed it) by simple physical interactions such as sound, light, and noise, without using chemicals. The nanorobot (molecular structure) can act as a non-invasive drug (see, for example, Patent Document 2 for a conventional discussion). The nanorobot NB can be controlled by using a truth table. Therefore, it can also be called an analog nanorobot. The advantages of nanoscale dynamics have not been explored before. Two notable characteristics of the nanorobot according to the embodiment of the present application are as follows: 1. Nanorobots harvest noise. If you intentionally stop them from running, they will automatically start running again. No artificial roboticist can even imagine building this capability into their robots in a practical scenario. Once started, they can run nonstop for 18 hours. 2. Nanorobots provide stability and keep large, complex molecular systems composed of various components isolated from the environment and operational. Motors provide structural stability in solution apart from the directed movement of the entire system.

[0035] These innovative nanorobotic drugs, according to embodiments of the present application, overcome the inefficiencies associated with binding. Instead of relying on binding interactions, they utilize chemical processes to modify target sites. To enhance functionality, nanorobot communication is facilitated by resonance energy transfer. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention employ sophisticated multi-level intelligence systems to regulate and control target modification (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3, for a discussion).

[0036] Nanorobots according to embodiments of the present application are capable of navigating, selecting, and executing tasks in response to specific triggers. Operating like a "fire-and-forget" self-contained factory, this advanced model far surpasses prior art (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 4 for a discussion of the prior art).

[0037] One aspect of the invention proposed here is the integration of functional components. The nanoplatforms described here can be reconfigured depending on the type of task, the machines attached to them can be changed, and sensors can be changed depending on the environment. It is a versatile nanotool for multitasking (see, for example, US Patent No. 5,949,399 for a discussion of the prior art). Such machines were envisioned by Eric Drexler but have never been realized before.

[0038] Integrating diverse life-like functions onto a molecular chip was unknown. Our molecular swarm (molecular structure) is the smallest robot ever created. There were three fold challenges in the practical application of molecular swarms: (i) The functionality of the various components will survive the integration. (ii) Synthesizing functional parts as designed (iii) If functional parts prevent gradual integration into the dendritic platform, redo the first two steps.

[0039] Therefore, two cyclical optimizations had to be performed in parallel: first, to maintain life-like functionality after integration, and second, to synthesize a combined architecture that avoids single cross-reactions.

[0040] (Summary of the effects of the invention) Exemplary advantageous effects of the present invention are summarized below: Each aspect according to an embodiment of the present invention may have at least one of the following advantageous effects.

[0041] 1. The first advantageous effect is that the nanorobot (molecular structure) according to the embodiment of the present invention is actually realized as the world's first life-like nanorobot that can sense its environment, make decisions, and perform tasks. Furthermore, the nanorobot (molecular structure) according to the embodiment of the present invention is a complete standalone system.

[0042] 2. A second advantageous effect is that nanorobots (molecular structures) according to embodiments of the present invention can be used as a general-purpose decision-making platform for existing molecular machines to perform tasks at the nanoscale. Although primitive, embodiments of the present invention provide basic facilities for controlling nanomachines.

[0043] 3. A third advantageous effect is that nanorobots (molecular structures) according to embodiments of the present invention can be used for a wide range of medical applications. By resonantly communicating with an external device, the nanorobots can destroy invading molecular assemblies. This resonant communication aspect of nanorobots (molecular structures) according to embodiments of the present invention can be used as a medical tool without side effects.

[0044] 4. The fourth beneficial effect concerns the new communication language between nanosystems. Energy transfer protocols between multiple nano-objects simultaneously are a game-changer in the methodology by which next-generation machines are developed.

[0045] 5. A fifth advantageous effect is that, according to an embodiment of the present invention, it serves as a basic protocol for the nanoplatform, and can hold other nanodevices and operate them as independent functional devices.

[0046] 6. A sixth advantageous effect is that the nanorobots (molecular structures) according to embodiments of the present invention can be used in any hostile environment, such as outer space, critical environmental domains, etc. The functionality of the nanorobot can be easily changed by modifying the machines or sensors attached to it.

[0047] (Some aspects of the present embodiment) (Side 1) In embodiments of the present invention, functionality emerges from the geometric arrangement of assembled molecular components localized on a primary matrix structure (matrix molecule). The matrix structure (also referred to as a matrix molecule or neural network) exhibits a fractal-shaped neural network, encompassing cavities with chelating and nonchelating atoms that induce hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic attraction. These cavities can have hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or amphiphilic functional groups, and their size is determined by the surrounding atoms, their bond distances, the dynamics of the matrix molecules, population density, pH, viscosity, dipole moment, temperature, pressure, and the molecular's two- and three-dimensional environment. Neural networks (matrix molecules) can take various forms, including dendrimers, linear or branched polymers, copolymers, polyfunctional buckyballs, micelles, and composite nanomaterials with fractal-like wiring.

[0048] (Aspect 2) Sensors attached to nanobrains (molecular structures) exhibit controlled relaxation dynamics, generating periodic and / or analog complex waveforms, and the sensor and matrix (matrix molecules) act as sensing antennas and receivers of electromagnetic signals. The encapsulation environment of guest molecules (controller molecules) influences the transfer of energy between the guest molecules (controller molecules) and host components (matrix molecules or other components of the molecular structure).

[0049] (Aspect 3) Quantum logic operations are possible within molecules (molecular structures). Furthermore, changes in the "controller unit" (controller molecule) involve factors such as shape potential, electrical potential, magnetic potential, dynamic vibrational potential, and thermal potential. Manipulation of this controller unit allows activation and deactivation of molecular machines (molecular structures), sensors, and specific dynamics within the controller unit, all of which follow logical rules of energy transport. Stimuli such as heat, light, density, pH, ionic pressure, electrical bias, and the presence of specific ions and atoms control energy transfer within the matrix (matrix molecule) and its components.

[0050] (Aspect 4) The nanobrain (molecular structure) architecture ensures information transmission without signal loss by transmitting changes to encapsulated guest molecules (controller molecules) or matrix-associated components (components within the matrix molecules) via receptors (molecular sensors, molecular motors, and emitters). Mechanical extensions involve chemically bonded or physically absorbed molecular machines, generating dynamics from thermal or chemical / physical energy sources under the control of a "controller unit." The inherent intelligence of nanorobots (molecular structures) comes from complex energy-level interactions. Nanorobot drug interaction, cancer cell targeting, and invasion process selection are independent of cell receptor selection, percolation, and diffusion. Multiple nanorobot variants according to embodiments of the present invention can function simultaneously without cross-interaction. The effectiveness of embodiments of the present invention arises from the resonant interaction between the nanorobot drug and the target biomolecule, which does not require chemical or hydrogen bonding, but rather utilizes non-bonding through space interactions for resonant energy transfer.

[0051] Some aspects of the present invention can be expressed as follows: We have conceptualized versatile nanorobots with multiple functional groups attached to an organic platform. These components can operate both autonomously and cooperatively.

[0052] (Further Aspect 1) Molecular bonds for specific tasks: Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and weak interactions are responsible for binding functional components to organic molecular platforms (nanobrains, molecular structures) to perform specific tasks.

[0053] (Further Aspect 2) Energy Transfer Loops: All components attached to the organic platform (nanobrain, molecular structure) create multiple energy transfer loops. When any component or loop receives the required energy, a cascade effect is triggered, activating all cyclic paths or components sequentially.

[0054] (Further Aspect 3) Communication and Molecular Dynamics: Certain components of the nanobrain (molecular structure) can communicate chemically or resonantly with external entities. This interaction can activate or deactivate the nanobrain's molecular dynamics, allowing for fine-tuning of the nanobrain's functional properties in the vicinity of multiple targeted molecular events.

[0055] (Further Aspect 4) Infrared sensing capabilities: Certain components of nanorobots (nanobrains, molecular structures) are designed as infrared sensors. These sensors harness thermal noise in the energy transmission loop to ensure the continuous operation of attached functional molecules, such as sensors (molecular sensors) or machines (molecular machines).

[0056] (Further Aspect 5) Electromagnetic Vortex Generation: Nanorobots (nanobrains, molecular structures) have the ability to generate electromagnetic vortices. These vortices are periodically directed toward target molecules. The nanorobots then capture the reflected energy, assess the energy packets, and use this information to modulate the frequency and power of the emitted vortex stream. This modulation can effectively activate or deactivate the dynamics of the target molecule.

[0057] Within biological systems, nanorobots according to embodiments of the present invention demonstrate the remarkable ability to detect abnormal surface polarity on any biological element. Once identified, the nanorobot navigates to the location and strategically neutralizes the nearby effects of this polarity. As a result, the nanorobot becomes a powerful therapeutic agent against diseases associated with altered surface polarity.

[0058] Embodiments of the present application encompass a wide variety of nanorobot (nanobrain, molecular structure) drug variations designed to address various disease mechanisms. Notable applications include treating cellular damage in cancer, dissolving Alzheimer's-related plaques, stabilizing neural networks in Parkinson's disease, combating viral and bacterial infections, managing kidney disease, and solving problems such as blood clots and general thrombosis.

[0059] (Detailed Description of the Embodiments) The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention. Some aspects of the embodiments include: molecular structures (also known as nanobrains, nanorobots, and nanoplatforms); Methods for designing molecular structures; and Method for manufacturing molecular structures Contains:

[0060] The expression "molecular structure" according to the embodiments of the present invention can be considered as an abbreviation for "super molecular structure," but these terms do not limit the embodiments of the present invention.

[0061] As described above, the molecular structure according to the embodiment is referred to herein as a "nanobrain" or simply "NB." The three fundamental properties of living organisms—sensing the environment, decision-making ability, and task execution—are incorporated into a single structure, the nanobrain. Because the NB is a single molecular system, it is a quantum mechanical device. This protocol involves the design of a molecular structure (the nanobrain) that encompasses a sophisticated bonding network. This bonding network includes independent hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and a covalent bond network connecting all functional components. Strategically attached molecular sensors on the terminal groups of the nanobrain's branches play a key role in sensing and disseminating information.

[0062] The nanobrain design also takes into account the reception of environmental stimuli, encompassing various variables that can affect energy transfer and signal propagation within the molecular structure (nanobrain). This comprehensive approach ensures that information received by receptors, such as sensors and motors, is transmitted internally effectively without compromising signal properties.

[0063] Some aspects of embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

[0064] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary architecture of a molecular structure (nanobrain) 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the molecular structure (programmable molecular structure, nanobrain, NB) 100 comprises a matrix molecule 110, one or more receptor molecules (thermal sensor 103, target sensor 104, pH sensor 105), one or more molecular machines (molecular rotors (or molecular motors) 106, chemical clippers 107), and one or more controller molecules (program controller 101). Here, as shown in FIG. 1, at least one of the receptor molecules (103, 104, 105) is connected to a portion of the matrix molecule 110, and at least one of the molecular machines (106, 107) is connected to another portion of the matrix molecule 110. The controller molecule 101 controls at least a portion of the molecular machines (106, 107). The molecular rotor 106 can also be considered an exemplary configuration of a receptor molecule, as will be understood in the following description.

[0065] 1, the matrix molecule 110 has one or more cavities 102, and the controller molecule 101 is doped into the cavity 102. In other words, the matrix molecule 110 has one or more cavities 102 that embed the controller molecule 101. As will be described below, the controller molecule 101 is composed of encapsulated multi-level molecules.

[0066] As shown in FIG. 1, the matrix molecule 110 has multiple outward branchings. The branches of the matrix molecule 110 may have a fractal structure. In other words, the matrix molecule 110 has fractal molecular branches. The branches of the matrix molecule 110 provide ample space available for attaching other functional units, such as sensors (e.g., thermal sensors 103, target sensors 104, pH sensors 105, etc.) or molecular machines (e.g., molecular rotors 106, chemical clippers 107, etc.). Boundary molecules on the surface of the matrix molecule 110 or within the surface of the cavity 102 of the NB 100 may also play a crucial role by inducing specific binding interactions and connecting the central core of the matrix molecule 110 to its surface elements. The size of the cavity 102 is intricately determined by the repeating molecular structure (in other words, the fractal structure) that constitutes the matrix molecule 110 (or the core portion of the matrix molecule 110) of the NB100, thereby affecting the overall functionality of the system (molecular structure 100).

[0067] As shown in Figure 1, sensors (receptors) and machines may be connected side by side on the surface of a matrix molecule 110. Multiple sensors 103, 104, and 105 with different activities may be used in the same matrix molecule 110 to function as multiple stimulant receivers. Furthermore, the same nanorobot (NB100) may incorporate a single or multiple diverse molecular machines 106 and 107 depending on the intended use. These sensors (receptors) and machines function as functional molecular components. As mentioned above, these multiple sensors (receptors) include a thermal sensor 103, a target sensor 104, and a pH sensor 105. These molecular machines include a molecular rotor 106 and a chemical clipper 107. The controller unit (controller molecule 101), their receptors (thermal sensor 103, target sensor 104, pH sensor 105), and molecular machines (molecular rotor 106, chemical clipper 107) are called functional molecular components or functional molecular component groups. For example, the controller molecule 101 may belong to a molecular component group (functional group) with a control function, while the thermal sensor 103, target sensor 104, and pH sensor 105 may belong to a molecular component group (functional group) with a sensing (or receiving) function. The molecular rotor 106 and chemical clipper 107 may belong to a molecular component group (functional group) with an executive function.

[0068] (Matrix molecule 110) The matrix molecule 110 may be a molecule larger than the functional molecular components of the nanorobotic system (NB100) (e.g., the controller molecule 101, the thermal sensor 103, the target sensor 104, the pH sensor 105, the molecular rotor 106, and the chemical clipper 107). This larger molecular portion (the matrix molecule 110) contains multi-directional energy transmission channels, and this molecular portion (the matrix molecule 110) acts as a backbone. The matrix molecule 110 can be described as a matrix that holds multiple functional components (e.g., the controller molecule 101, the thermal sensor 103, the target sensor 104, the pH sensor 105, the molecular rotor 106, and the chemical clipper 107) together through chemical and / or physical bonds.

[0069] During energy transfer across this particular matrix (matrix molecule 110), a certain balance in energy transport between functional elements may need to be maintained. Therefore, the matrix structure of the matrix molecule 110 is as important as the functional components (e.g., controller molecule 101, thermal sensor 103, target sensor 104, pH sensor 105, molecular rotor 106, chemical clipper 107). The matrix molecule 110 may be a neural network, or a dendritic structure with multiple branching termini, a linear or branched polymer or copolymer having multiple functionalized termini, or Polyfunctional buckyballs, or composite nano-materials with fractal-like wiring or fractal-like structure.

[0070] If the branches of the matrix molecule 110 are fully conjugated, energy transport is trivial, but the structure of the matrix molecule 110 may be rigid. On the other hand, if the branches of the matrix molecule 110 are non-conjugated (not fully conjugated), noise in transport may become apparent. Therefore, a mixture of conjugated and non-conjugated domains of the matrix molecule 110 may be the most appropriate choice. Depending on the choice of functional component (e.g., controller molecule 101, thermal sensor 103, target sensor 104, pH sensor 105, molecular rotor 106, chemical clipper 107), the matrix shape of the matrix molecule 110 may need to be selected.

[0071] One of the most notable aspects of this embodiment is the generation of distinct molecular dynamics within NB100. These dynamics give rise to an adiabatic system that generates helical geometric phases and dynamic phases, both of which contribute to the responsiveness and adaptability of the system.

[0072] All biological molecules are quantum mechanical systems, and quantum mechanical codes are stored and implemented in living organisms through the mechanisms of their biological systems. The molecule has two parts: the periphery atoms receive heat and other noise from environmental molecules, forming a layer that vibrates very slowly. However, the inner core of the molecule is isolated from the environment and vibrates very quickly. Together, they form a single quantum mechanical system with two fundamentally different dynamic regions. The outer layer ensures that the inner core is adiabatically shielded while retaining its quantum mechanical properties. These two layers create a push-pull effect, as the inner core tries to force the outer region into a dynamic state similar to that of the inner core. A dynamic phase, such as that described by a pendulum, can be represented as a circle in which the system points are continuously rotating. However, the continuous loop between the inner and outer cores ensures that the system points never complete a circular orbit. In this way, a helical phase is generated, which we call the helical geometric phase.

[0073] Modulation of the core and periphery dynamics of matrix molecules 110 can be influenced by various factors, including environmental conditions, the presence of molecular motors (molecular machines) and sensors (e.g., thermal sensors 103, target sensors 104, pH sensors 105).

[0074] In other words, the molecular structure 100 generates two different molecular dynamics, one being a faster vibration in the core part of the matrix molecule 110 and the other being a slower vibration in the peripheral part of the matrix molecule 110, and the two different molecular dynamics together form an adiabatic system that generates a helical geometric phase in addition to the dynamic phase.

[0075] As explained elsewhere in this specification, the number of basic molecular structures that combine to form the center of the matrix molecule 110 (also called the core matrix) in the first generation of branch formation corresponds to the number of cavities 102 formed in the molecular matrix 110 (PAMAM or any dendrimer molecule has different generations: from the seed structure, the first set of identical branch molecules attached to end groups forms the first generation; the terminal groups of the resulting structure are attached to similar branch molecules to form second generation derivatives, and this process continues).

[0076] As described above and elsewhere herein, the matrix molecules 110 comprise at least one selected from the following group: A dendritic structure with multiple branching termini; a linear or branched polymer or copolymer having multiple functionalized termini; and Polyfunctional buckyballs, or composite nanomaterials with fractal wiring. Additionally, the matrix molecules 110 may take any shape including spherical, cubic, polyhedral, circular, polygonal, and fractal branching.

[0077] (Cavity 102) As partially described above, the matrix molecule 110 has one or more cavities 102. The cavities 102 are voids within the nanorobot (NB100). The cavities 102 may be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or amphiphilic, and selectively incorporate guest controller molecules, such as the controller molecule 101 (the selection is based on the size and shape of the molecule to be doped and the size and shape of the cavity to be doped). The size and electronic properties of the cavity 102 determine the selection of the guest molecule. The environment after encapsulation of the guest molecule (controller molecule 101) also controls how the guest molecule controls the transfer of energy from the guest molecule to the host component (e.g., the matrix molecule 110). As described above, the encapsulated guest molecule may be a controller molecule (controller unit) 101. The controller molecule 101 can be realized as: a multi-level redox molecule; a dye molecule; protein; polymer; copolymer; a bio-molecule; Micelle (a micelle); nanoparticle; a quantum dot; or Any material that receives energy from the matrix molecule 110 and its components (e.g., heat sensor 103, target sensor 104, pH sensor 105, molecular rotor 106, chemical clipper 107) and sends another signal back to the components via the matrix molecule 110 according to certain logic rules.

[0078] The change in potential of the controller unit (controller molecule) 101 can be related to electric potential, magnetic potential, dynamic vibration potential, thermal potential, etc. The main functions of the controller unit (controller molecule) 101 are as follows: It receives instructions from sensors 103, 104, and 105, Analyze the nature of the instructions; Based on this, molecular machines 106 and 107 are made to perform specific tasks.

[0079] Thus, the controller molecule 101 is realized as a multi-level logic switch that simultaneously performs two stages of logical operations: one stage involving one-to-many routes using sensors only, and the other stage involving one-to-many routes using machines.

[0080] (Size of cavity 102) The cavity 102 comprises chelating or non-chelating atoms and electrostatic ions that trigger hydrogen bond formation. In other words, the boundary molecules on the inner surface of the cavity 102 are composed of chelating and non-chelating atoms that induce hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the matrix molecule 110 (the central part of the NB 100) to the surface elements. The size of the cavity 102 can be determined by the following: Number of atoms; The size of the atoms surrounding the cavity 102; the bond distances between the atoms surrounding the cavity 102; Changes in the dynamics of matrix molecules 110; Individual density (number density) in 100 molecular structures; pH factor; viscosity of the medium; dipole moment of the medium; temperature; pressure; Two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments around molecular structures 100. Controlling the cavity size is important for several reasons. First, these control parameters determine which molecules will enter the cavity 102 if there are multiple options. Second, after encapsulation, the electronic properties of the vicinity of the controller molecule 101 largely govern the energy transfer, since in most cases the encapsulated molecules (e.g., the controller molecule 101) do not undergo chemical bonding processes. Therefore, these molecules are very sensitive during changes in the electrical potential of their environment.

[0081] As explained above and elsewhere herein, the size of the cavity is determined by one or more basic molecular structures that are repeated to create the fractal chains that make up the matrix molecules (the core matrix of the NB structure).

[0082] (Receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) The sensor molecules (receptor molecules) 103, 104, 105 are molecular structures attached to the matrix molecules 110 and have the ability to sense or receive any kind of external stimulus. The external stimulus can be heat, light, color (chrome), density, pH, ionic pressure, electrical bias, the presence of certain metal and non-metal ions or atoms, internal ion movement, etc. These external stimuli regulate the energy transfer between the sensor (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) and the matrix molecules 110 and / or other components attached to the matrix molecules 110.

[0083] The sensor molecules 103, 104, and 105 receive energy from external agents and transmit it to the controller molecule 101 or other molecules via the sensors 103, 104, and 105. The vibrational frequency of the molecules is an important parameter because it determines the matching of the energy level that is allowed to be transmitted through the matrix molecules 110 and reach the controller molecule 101. The vibrational frequency ultimately changes the state of the controller molecule 101. The sensor molecules (receptor molecules) 103, 104, and 105 can respond to one or more stimuli at a time or sequentially. Therefore, the selection of the sensor molecules (receptor molecules) plays a fundamental role in generating a series of decision-making events. Because external energy transmission to molecules is fast, typically on the order of a few picoseconds, continuous pumping of external energy can generate a series of events.

[0084] Each molecule of the sensors 103, 104, 105 in the molecular structure 100 can temporarily or permanently change its state in response to an external stimulus to maintain sensitivity, including: redox state; conformational state; intramolecular ionization; A change in electronic or optical properties that sends a ripple effect to associated components such as the matrix molecule 110 and / or the encapsulated guest molecule (controller molecule 101), attached molecular machine (106, 107).

[0085] By controlling the relaxation dynamics of the sensor molecules (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105), complex periodic and / or analog waveforms can be generated, thereby inducing complex programming in the system (molecular structure 100). Because multilevel decision-making is associated with memory, the system (molecular structure 100) can store information that can then be used to generate very specific types of dynamics in the system (molecular structure 100). Furthermore, this specialized functionality allows the system (molecular structure 100) to make logical decisions and trigger sequential signal responses.

[0086] As described above and elsewhere herein, the controller molecule (101) alters at least one selected from the group of electric field-induced potential, magnetic potential, dynamic vibration potential, and thermal energy-induced potential to activate or deactivate the dynamics of receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), molecular machines (106, 107), and matrix molecules (110).

[0087] Furthermore, as explained above, in this embodiment, the relaxation or activation of the energy transfer loop is monitored and any one of the matrix molecule (110), receptor molecule (103, 104, 105), molecular machine (106, 107), and controller molecule (101) may be altered.

[0088] (Binding of receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) The sensors (receptor molecules) 103, 104, 105 in the molecular structure 100 are bound to the ends of the matrix molecule 110 by covalent bonds, coordinate bonds, electrostatic bonds, or weak interaction forces. The bonds are arranged so that any information received by the receptor molecules 103, 104, 105 can propagate towards the encapsulated guest (controller molecule 101) and / or other components of the matrix molecule 110, changing their state without impairing the signal properties. In other words, one or more types of chemical and physical bonds of functional groups, including any one of receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), molecular machines (106, 107), and controller molecules (101), are arranged in a pattern that allows information received by the receptor molecules (103, 104, 105) to propagate inward through the matrix molecules (110) (molecular branches) toward the controller molecules (101) (encapsulated guests).

[0089] The bond between the sensor molecules (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) determines the degree of control one wants to introduce into the system. It can be covalent, weakly bonded, or a mixture of both. If the bond is covalent with a strong bond to the matrix molecule 110, the energy transfer is fast and the system (molecular structure 100) undergoes complex dynamics. The nature of the bond, conjugated, non-covalent, or semi-covalent, can also make a difference.

[0090] As explained above and elsewhere in the specification, the receptor molecules (103, 104, 105) comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of: a molecular motor (molecular rotor 106) that receives chemical noise, thermal noise, or user-transmitted signals; and Molecular sensors that sense molecules, ions, or electromagnetic fields.

[0091] Here, as mentioned above, the molecular rotor 106 can act as a receptor molecule (103, 104, 105) and a molecular machine (106, 107) according to this embodiment.

[0092] (Molecular Machines 106, 107). To achieve controlled and precise reactions, one solution according to the present invention incorporates strategic placement of molecular machines, including molecular motors or rotors 106, on the surface of a core branched matrix (matrix molecule 110). This placement prevents excessive binding with neighboring molecules and enables collective motor dynamics that suppress unwanted chemical interactions.

[0093] The molecular machines 106 and 107 are attached to the nanorobot (molecular structure 100). Several molecular systems have been invented to date that claim to function as molecular machines. However, not all of these molecular machines are useful for our purposes. They must function after binding, and a controller must determine when they will and will not function. These two fundamental factors determine the suitability of a molecular machine. Chemically and physically bound molecular machines (molecular machines 106 and 107) are dynamic molecules that can exhibit rotational, translational, and vibrational dynamics, as well as sponging activity. These activities can change the physical scenario of the external environment. The molecular machines 106 and 107 obtain energy from kT (temperature of the external environment) and / or chemical / physical energy to generate their dynamics. Therefore, their energy supply must come from the external environment. The multiple mechanical motions of the molecular machines 106, 107 can be controlled like reversible switches, like logic gates, and the molecular machines 106, 107 can perform chemical work in addition to physical work, and can be induced to break and regenerate bonds like a catalyst. All molecular machines 106, 107 can resonate with another molecular machine system located outside and generate resonant vibrations that can destroy objects.

[0094] As described above and elsewhere herein, the molecular machines (106, 107) perform tasks including at least one selected from the group of rotational, translational, and vibrational motions as directed by the controller molecule 101.

[0095] As described above and elsewhere herein, the molecular structure (100) can be configured as follows: More than half of the branch terminals of the matrix molecule (110) are occupied by molecular machines (106, 107) on the surface of the matrix molecule (110); The molecular structure (100) physically interacts with a target molecular system using electromagnetic or electromechanical waves to resonantly activate, enhance, deactivate, or destroy the target molecular system.

[0096] (Controller Molecule 101) The dynamics of the molecular machines 106 and 107 are controlled by the controller unit (controller molecule) 101. The controller unit 101 can switch on or off any specific dynamics of the molecular machines 106 and 107. The sensor molecules (receptor molecules) 103, 104, and 105, the molecular machines 106 and 107, the controller unit 101, and other components of the molecular structure 100 follow logical rules for energy transfer between them. Essentially, a triangular transmission pathway is thought to function to control the machines. A one-way pathway, from the sensor molecule to the controller unit and then from the controller unit to the machine molecule, is the most common pathway we have developed through direct synthesis and demonstrated live. However, complex interactions between the components also exist, where the sensor molecule, molecular machine, and controller unit simultaneously exchange energy and participate in decision-making. There are several control parameters, including the matrix geometry (the geometry of the matrix molecule 110) and the electronic properties of the components of the molecular structure 100. These characteristics relate to the coherence between all components attached to the matrix molecule 110 .

[0097] The "controller unit (controller molecule) 101" includes multi-level redox molecules. heterocyclic molecules, heterocyclic dye molecules, pro-piezoelectric molecules, Piezoelectric peptides, protein molecules, sugar molecules, unsaturated fatty acids, nanoparticles, quantum dots, or It is any material that receives energy from the matrix molecule 110 and its components and sends another signal back to the components via the matrix molecule 110 according to certain logical rules; Here, the heterocyclic molecule is benzofurans, Dibenzofurans, 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofurans, benzofuranones, phthalides, benzofuran-3(2H)-ones, benzoxazoles, benzoxazolones, benzisoxazoles, chromans, isochromans, 4H-chromenes, 2H-chromenes, isochromenes, chromanones, isochromanones, 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines, benzoxazinones, benzoxepines, Indoles, indolenines, indolines, oxindoles, 3-oxindoles, isatins, Azaindoles, carbazoles, isoindoles, isoindolines, isoindolinones, phthalimides, benzimidazoles, benzimidazolones, indazoles, 2H-indazoles, indazolones, benzoxazoles, benzoxazolones, benzothiazoles, benzisoxazoles, benzisothiazoles, benzotriazoles, 2H-benzotriazoles, indolizines, indolizinones, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, quinolines, tetrahydroquinolines, 1,2-dihydroquinolines, isoquinolines, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, tetrahydroisoquinolines, phthalazines, 1,8-naphthyridines, quinazolines, quinoxalines, tetrahydro-quinoxalines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines, 1,2,4-benzotriazines, dihydroquinolinones, 2,3-dihydroquinolin-4-ones, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolones, 4-quinolones, 2-quinolones, isoquinolones, isoquinolin-3-ones, quinazolinones, quinoxalinones, 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones, quinazolinediones, 1,2,3-benzotriazine-4(3H)-ones, benzoxazinones, carbazoles, phenothiazines, pyrido-(3,2-a) cabazoles, alloxazines, phenoxazines, phenothiazines, adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, riboflavin, and folic acid, selected from the group consisting of: Here, the heterocyclic dye molecule is Coumarin, Any coumarin derivative, flavonoids, Indigo, Any indigo derivative, 9,10-anthraquinone, Any 9,10-anthraquinone derivative, 9,10-phenanthraquinone, Any 9,10 phenanthraquinone derivative, Diketopyrrolopyrrol (DPP), Any DPP derivative, Formazan, Any formazan derivative, 2,2'-azapyridine, Any derivative of 2,2'-azapyridine, Indanthrones, anthraquinone vat dyes, Nigrosines, Aniline purple, Nile red, Cresyl violet, Nile blue, and methylene blue, selected from the group consisting of: Here, the piezoelectric molecule is Piezoelectric peptides, Poly(L-lactic acid) (poly(L-lactic acid): PLA), Poly(gamma-benzyl glutamate) (PBG), L-arginine phosphate (LAP), Triglycine sulfate (TGS), s-di-phenylalanine (FF), and L-glycine is selected from the group consisting of:

[0098] As described above and elsewhere herein, the controller molecule 101 is comprised of at least one selected from the following group: Multilevel redox molecules, dye molecules, proteins, polymers, copolymers, biomolecules, micelles, nanoparticles, and quantum dots.

[0099] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating various possible matrix structures and the various properties of the cavity 102 for molecular encapsulation in the matrix molecule 110. Figure 2 shows four different types of matrix structures 201, 202, 203, and 204 that can be used depending on the application of the nanorobot (NB100, molecular structure 100). Depending on the conjugation and elemental blocks used to create the matrix (matrix molecule 110), a wide variety of nanorobots can be developed. 201 and 202 show conjugated structures, which means that these structures have molecular chains with consecutive double or triple bonds, e.g., C=C≡C=C=C=C=C=C=C=C=C≡C=C=C=. Pi orbitals make the structure planar and highly inflexible. In 203, we showed a structure with only a single bond, which rotates very quickly and changes conformation. However, conduction -CCCCCC- is very noisy and local conformational changes cannot store information or provide stable energy transfer. 204 shows conjugated (-C=C-, -C≡C-) and non-conjugated (-C-C-) bonds. For example, =CC≡CC=CC≡CC=CC≡CC=, -C≡C=CC≡CC≡CCCC≡CC-, etc. Depending on the nature of the matrix cavity (cavity 102 of matrix molecule 110), different molecules can be encapsulated.

[0100] (Shape of matrix molecule 110) The shape of the matrix molecules 110 is an important parameter. It determines the symmetry breaking and thus the energy transfer protocol. The matrix molecules 110 can adopt different shapes, such as spheres, cubes, polyhedrons, circles, polygons, and fractal branches. In all cases, energy transmission along the network (molecular structure 100) involves splitting the input signal into multiple channels and summing multiple input signals into a single signal, as required. End groups protruding from the surface of these matrices (matrix molecules 110) carry different functional groups. The shape of the matrix molecules 110 controls the global and local dynamics, and therefore the transfer of energy between the various components attached to the platform (molecular structure 100) is strictly controlled by this specific feature and therefore needs to be controlled.

[0101] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the curve of the number of encapsulated controller molecules (number of encapsulations) versus the pH of the reaction solution. As shown by reference numeral 302, a pH below 9.5 shows a matrix structure without encapsulation (controller molecules 101 are not encapsulated in the cavities 102 of the matrix molecules 110), while as shown by reference numeral 330, at pH 9.5 or above, the cavities of the matrix encapsulate the controller molecules (controller molecules 101 are encapsulated in the cavities 102 of the matrix molecules 110). In Figure 3, "NLR" stands for "Nile Red" and "encapped" stands for "encapsulation."

[0102] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing how information spreads from the controller unit (controller molecule 101) to all branches of the matrix molecule 110. Reference numeral 401 indicates that information spreads from the controller unit to all branches. Energy fluctuations in one branch of the matrix molecule 110 determine the rotation angles of molecular rotors (molecular machines) 402, 403, and 404 connected to that branch. Here, 402 is a specific type of molecular rotor, 403 is another molecular rotor that may be similar or dissimilar to 402, and finally, 404 may have a structure similar or dissimilar to 402 and 403. In Figure 4, "Central control" refers to "control information from the control molecule 101."

[0103] The complete structures of nanorobots (molecular structures 100) are shown as 405, 406, and 407. Here, 405 and 406 are two structures in which the molecular rotors 106 connected to the outside are similar, but the encapsulated molecules (controller molecules 101) are different: 405 is Nile red, 406 is fluorescein (fluorescent dye), and 407 is connected to several types of molecular rotors 106.

[0104] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the overall synthetic scheme for the synthesis of a complete nanorobot (matrix structure 100). Reference numeral 501 represents a fifth-generation PAMAM dendrimer matrix (matrix molecule 110). Reference numeral 502 represents Nile Red (as controller molecule 101) doped inside the PAMAM (matrix molecule 110). Reference numeral 503 represents the sensor molecule (receptor molecule (103, 104, 105)) attached to the matrix molecule 110 of 502. Reference numeral 504 represents the molecular rotor 106 attached to the matrix molecule 110 of 503. This is the stepwise synthesis of the nanobot (matrix structure 100) from 501 to 504.

[0105] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of how the motion of a molecule (molecular structure 100) is controlled by the nature of the energy transfer pathway and its associated energy content. Reference numeral 601 represents an energy diagram of the active triangular energy transfer from the sensor (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) to the controller molecule 101, and from the controller molecule 101 to the molecular machines 106, 107. Here, MM stands for molecular machine (106, 107), NR stands for Nile Red (controller molecule 101), PM stands for Pamam (matrix molecule 110), EL stands for field effect, and LT stands for photo effect.

[0106] Reference numeral 602 shows the controlled rotation of the molecular rotor 106 attached to the matrix surface (surface of the matrix molecule 110). Reference numeral 603 shows the energy-minimized structure of the nanobrain 100 and the potential distribution on its surface. Reference numeral 604 shows a rotated version of structure 603. Reference numeral 605 is a magnified image of the circled portion of 604, underpinning the energy transfer pathway and the corresponding dynamic energy fluctuations along the pathway.

[0107] FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of how sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) receive an external stimulus and change their state from 701 to 702, 704 (examples of state changes include an increase in size or a change in tone). Here, there are two possibilities: by releasing and transmitting stimulus information (Eout) 707 to the controller molecule 101 via the matrix molecule 110, the sensor returns to the initial state 703, 705, or the change may become permanent, as shown by 706. Here, the stimulus information (Eout) 707 serves as information to change the controller molecule 101 to the next allowed level.

[0108] 8 is a schematic diagram showing that sensor molecules (receptor molecules) 801 are attached to the surface 802 of a matrix molecule 110. An input stimulus (energy) 803 is received by the sensor molecule (receptor molecule) and directed along a specific path 807 through layers 804, 805, 806 of the matrix molecule 110 to the center 808, where a controller unit (controller molecule) 809 receives the stimulus as output energy 810 from the matrix molecule 110. The total input energy is always equal to the total output energy, e.g., Eoutput = n × Einput, where "n" can be any integer greater than zero (n times the input, n being an integer).

[0109] 9 shows that different molecular machines 901, 902, 903, and 904 located on the surface of a matrix molecule 110 have different operational motions, where molecular machine 901 has a rotational motion, molecular machine 902 has a translational motion, molecular machine 903 has a transverse vibration, and molecular machine 904 has a longitudinal vibration.

[0110] 9 also shows a schematic transfer of resonance energy Er 905 from a bunch of synchronized molecular machines 906 to an isolated system 907 with the same resonance energy state 908 having the same resonance energy Er 909. Thus, the resonant interaction between the bunch of molecular machines 906 and the isolated system 907 causes the destruction 910 of the isolated system.

[0111] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing a single branch 1001 of a nanorobot (NB100, molecular structure 100), specifying a triangular path 1002 of energy transmission. This path leads to information processing, the transfer of energy 1003, from a sensor (or receptor) 1004 on the outer surface of a matrix molecule 110 to a controller molecule 1005 at the center 1006 of the matrix molecule 110. The modified information (energy) is then transferred from the controller molecule 1005 to a molecular machine 1007 attached back to the outer surface of the matrix molecule 110.

[0112] In Figure 10, reference numeral 1008 denotes a model of a single branch of a nanorobot (NB100, molecular structure 100). From the center 1009 of the matrix molecule 110, a controller unit (controller molecule) 1010 sends commands to molecular machines 1011, 1012, and 1013. The commands in the form of different energies 1014 reach different molecular machines. The commands in the form of different energies 1014 control the movement and speed 1015, 1016, and 1017 of those molecular machines.

[0113] As described above and elsewhere herein, molecular structure 100 includes: Receptor molecules (103, 104, 105) receive external stimuli, transmitting the external stimulus to the matrix molecules (110); The controller molecule (101) is Receives energy corresponding to an external stimulus from the matrix molecules (110), The molecular machines (106, 107) are instructed to perform a task corresponding to the external stimulus.

[0114] Figures 11-13 illustrate mechanisms for using the molecular composite (molecular structure 100) produced as described in Figures 1-10. Finally, Figures 14-16 illustrate various practical applications of the produced material. Thus, Figures 11-16 provide evidence of the uses of the claimed material (particularly molecular structure 100).

[0115] Figure 11 shows that the resonances match (the sum of two AC signals from two objects) and the intensity increases (top). In Figure 11, reference symbol AC1 indicates an AC signal from one object, and AC2 indicates another AC signal from another object. A series of movements of the nanorobot (PCMS) (molecular structure 100) destroys a nanoparticle (in this study, an organic, self-assembled azo molecular cluster) that has the same resonance characteristics as the nanorobot (scale bar drawn with a white line in Figure 11 is 6 nm).

[0116] FIG. 12 shows the potential fluctuation of the nanorobot (PCMS) (molecular structure 100) measured between two electrodes E1 and E2.

[0117] Figure 13 is a truth table for the operation of the nanorobot (molecular structure 100), and has four columns. In Figure 13, the first column, "Operation Mode," indicates the input to the molecular structure 100, and the fourth column, "Logic Output," indicates the output signal of the PCMS (molecular structure 100). The second column, "Potential Lobe," indicates the electric field distribution. The third column, "Supramolecular System," indicates the most likely conformation of the PCMS (molecular structure 100) to generate the potential in the third column. Four potential lobes are visible here.

[0118] Note that, as mentioned above, the nanosystem (NB100, molecular structure 100) is named PCMS by combining the four letters P (for PAMAM), C (for controller), M (for rotor), and S (for sensor). To express different combinations, the letters are combined as PC, PCM, PCS, and PCMS. A PC comprising a PAMAM (matrix molecule 110) and a controller molecule 101 is an example of a molecular structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A PC comprising a PAMAM (matrix molecule 110), a controller molecule 101, and rotors (molecular machines 106 and 107) is another example of a molecular structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A PCS comprising a PAMAM (matrix molecule 110), a controller molecule 101, and sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, and 105) is yet another example of a molecular structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0119] When the energy transmission pathway (in other words, the information transmission pathway or the signal transmission pathway) is triggered by immersing the PCMS(NB100) in a specific solution or irradiating it with an electric field or laser light, the PCMS's unique dynamics are generated, resulting in periodic oscillations of its brightness (or potential). If the natural resonant oscillation of the PCMS(NB100) completely or partially matches that of the enemy or target's hostile system, the two systems couple just like two coupled oscillators (Figure 11).

[0120] In response to the binding, the PCMS(NB100) can either degrade the hardware of the threatening system or stop its unwanted dynamics. Thus, like a nanofactory, the PCMS(NB100) can sense the atomically precise dynamics of neighboring objects, generate appropriate response dynamics, and specifically interact with that system. While resonant vibrations involve statistical fluctuations, the truth table for the PCMS(NB100) nanosystem in Figure 13 shows the average data (Figure 12).

[0121] FIG. 13 shows in the first column the external trigger that activates the pathway S (sensor molecule, receptor molecule) → C (controller molecule) → M (rotor, molecular machine). Here, as partially described above, the external trigger can be a DC bias, ultrasound, an AC signal, or light. The second and third columns of FIG. 13 show the corresponding dynamics that generate electromagnetic oscillations with varying frequencies. These varied frequencies are shown in the fourth column of FIG. 13.

[0122] To perform complex system operations with frequency aspects such as those shown in Figure 12, it is necessary to find the resonant frequency of the enemy system and provide a specific environment for the PCMS (NB100) from the rows of Figure 13. In other words, to destroy or inactivate the enemy target, (a) Find the resonant frequency of the enemy system; (b) Providing a specific environment for the PCMS (NB100) so that a resonant interaction between the PCMS (NB100) and the enemy target causes the destruction of the enemy target.

[0123] Here, in step (b), the "particular environment" can be selected depending on the relationship between various responses of the PCMS (NB100) to various external triggers, as shown in FIG.

[0124] As shown in FIG. 13, the output frequency changes in an analog manner depending on the input frequency, so the nanosystem PCMS (NB100) can be described as an analog decision-making machine.

[0125] The molecular dynamics of the PCMS (NB100) reveal two interesting aspects. The rotor molecule (molecular rotor 106) flips two planes in opposite directions by ±180° using available energy kT (thermal energy provided by an external temperature), thereby stabilizing the random dynamics of the dendrimer (matrix molecule 110). At the same time, simply attaching sensors S (receptor molecules 103, 104, and 105) to the matrix molecule 110 provides a tool to regulate the potential fluctuations of the entire PCMS system (NB100) (Figure 13, columns 2 and 3). Because DNA is composed of weak hydrogen bonds, the ±180° rotational dynamics of our rotor molecule (molecular rotor 106) allowed us to calculate the resonance frequency of DNA string regions containing unusually long repeat sequences known as microsatellites, which are commonly found in colon, endometrial, ovarian, and gastric cancers. In another example, the resonant frequency of beta plaques was also calculated. Therefore, from Figure 13, it was found that when ultrasound and normal sunlight were supplied to the PCMS (NB100), the vibration of the PCMS (NB100) matched the DNA of cancer cells (Figure 14) and beta plaques (Figure 15), respectively.

[0126] Therefore, nanoborot (PCMS system, NB100) can be applied to inactivate these cancers and beta plaques by the above-mentioned resonant frequencies (resonant interactions). To perform other types of tasks, after appropriate modifications, existing or new molecular machines can be replaced by our M (molecular machines).

[0127] In other words, according to this embodiment, the molecular structure (100) is configured as follows: In response to an electromagnetic pulse transmitted by a user, the molecular structure (100) searches for and identifies target molecular systems having a complementary electromagnetic resonance band (electromagnetic resonance band); The molecular structure (100) moves to an energy-minimized position where the molecular structure and the target molecular system coexist.

[0128] Besides "termination," hijacking the energy transfer process of a hostile object can also allow for rewriting molecular programs, correcting mechanical faults, etc. Such possibilities were investigated by similar simulations with DNA as shown in Figure 14, and then tested for stability with beta plaques as shown in Figure 15, and with microtubules as shown in Figure 16.

[0129] In general, a logical and straightforward interpretation of this observation is that DNA in which two TSG alleles have already been inactivated due to the unusual length of the repetitive DNA sequence is sensitive to the collective whirling motions produced by the numerous rotors (molecular rotors 106) on the PCMS (NB100) surface. Addition of small amounts of nanorobots (NB100) destroys cancer cells, as shown at the single-cell scale in Figure 14a, and then at multiple cancer cells in Figure 14b.

[0130] That is, according to this embodiment, one or more types of molecular motors can be attached onto the surface region of the matrix molecule 110 (the core branch matrix of NB100) to ensure that a minimum number of ends (branches) of the matrix molecule 110 are accessible by environmental agents and that the collective dynamics of the molecular motors generates whirls around the molecular structure 100.

[0131] However, because the structure of dendrites (the structure of matrix molecules 110) has an astronomical number of conformational states, PCMS(NB100) may attack elements other than DNA in healthy cells. Specifically, (i) matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are important molecules for invasiveness, and (ii) caspases, which are considered markers of apoptosis, may be attacked by the molecular rotors. Therefore, we tested the toxicity of this material and found that it promoted comprehensive proliferation of living cells. Therefore, while PCM is toxic to normal cells, PCMS(NB100) is not (Figure 14c).

[0132] Two toxicity studies were conducted over time. PCMS(NB100) destroyed nearly 6% of cancer cells within 1.2 hours, with only 25% of the remaining cells able to divide (Figure 14d). To rule out the possibility that PCMS(NB100) disrupts the membranes of cancer cells rather than DNA to kill them, carboxyflurocene was absorbed into liposomes and treated with PCMS, PC, PCM, P, and PCS. P and PC disrupted the membranes and released the most flurocene, while PCMS(NB100) showed no membrane disruption as the number of functional groups on its surface increased. This may explain why cells survive normally under PCMS(NB100).

[0133] The molecular recognition and physical action activated by the molecular rotor is atomically precise and cross-checked multiple times during periodic oscillation as shown in Figure 14e, indicating that PCMS(NB100) has much more to offer for multi-path-mutating diseases such as cancer.

[0134] Similarly, when we studied het-s prion amyloid fibrils and added a molecular robot (NB100) as shown in Figure 15, we found that the material was destroyed and the entire complex structure was disrupted, as shown in Figure 15 (top to bottom).

[0135] We also investigated whether these studies had any effect on cellular processes and found that they did not. As shown in Figure 16, in the CEES (Combined Excitation-Emission Spectroscopy) image of PCMS (NB100), from left to right, we can see that there is no change in the peak over time (temporal dynamics). This proves that using nanorobots (NB100) as a drug does not have any effect on the health of normal cells.

[0136] (Synthesis of a molecular rotor and four supramolecular architectures) (Synthesis of molecular machines (MM or M)) The inventors have observed the following results for the synthesis of molecular machines (106, 107) according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0137] First, the reactive amine group of 1-amino-4-bromonaphthalene was protected with di-tertiary-butyl dicarbonate (Boc) to facilitate Sonogashira coupling with 2-ethynyl anisole. The Boc-derivative of 1-amino-4-bromonaphthalene was coupled with 2-ethynylanisole in the presence of palladium acetate as a catalyst and triphenyl phosphene as a cocatalyst to generate the Boc-derivative of 4-(2-Methoxy-phenyl ethynyl)-naphthalen-1-ylamine, which was then treated with hydrated tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride to give 4-(2-Methoxy-phenyl ethynyl)-naphthalen-1-ylamine (MM: molecular machine (106, 107)).

[0138] (PC, PM, PCM, PCS, PCMS synthesis) The inventors have confirmed the following results regarding the synthesis of PC, PM, PCM, PCS, and PCMS according to embodiments of the present invention: As noted above, PC, PM, PCM, PCS, and PCMS can be considered as exemplary configurations of molecular structure 100).

[0139] Combining PC, PCM, and PCMS: First, two PAMAM G5 dendrimers were encapsulated in the deep cores of the four dendritic cavities in an aqueous sodium carbonate, methanol solution (1:2) at a pH above 9.5 in the presence of Nile Red dye molecules to obtain [PAMAM5-NR] dendritic boxes (PC, Step I); Next, PC is placed in a 10% and 40% mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile, and a solution of the sensor (NIR797 isothiocyanate, S) in borate buffer (50% of the total volume) is added all at once. The reaction continues at room temperature. The primary amine groups on the PAMAM surface are then bonded to the NIR797 isothiocyanate dye molecules. The reaction product, [PAMAM-NR]-NIR797 isothiocyanate (PCS, Step II), is then carried on to the next step.

[0140] The multicomponent mixture of PCS, MM, diisopropylamine, and triethylamine was dissolved in dry dimethyl sulfoxide, and glutaryl chloride was slowly added below 20°C. The reaction was allowed to proceed at room temperature for 48 hours, and the final product, [PAMAM-NLR]-NIR797 isothiocyanate-MM, was recovered (PCMS, Step III). For PMS, Step I was bypassed, and the remaining steps remained the same. For PCM, the attachment of M instead of S was performed on the PC. At every step, the product was purified by extensive dialysis and subjected to MALDI-TOF, Raman, FTIR, NMR, and stepwise CEES (combined excitation-emission spectroscopy) spectroscopy to confirm the product's identity.

[0141] In other words, one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy is applied to the molecular structure (110) to obtain a map of one or more energy transfer loops in the molecular structure.

[0142] Using either CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy, the receptor molecules (103, 104, 105) are observed to undergo state changes in response to external stimuli.

[0143] Furthermore, according to an embodiment, among the functional elements of the molecular structure (100), those responsible for non-radiative functions are identified, and the identified functional elements may be substituted.

[0144] (Combined excitation emission spectroscopy (CEES)) As described above, the inventors performed combined excitation emission spectroscopy (CEES) in the analysis and / or synthesis of the molecular structure 100 according to the present invention. An explanation of CEES is shown below.

[0145] Approximately 200 emission spectra are recorded at excitation wavelengths with a 5 nm interval. The output intensity is plotted as a function of the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength and converted to energy (eV). Peaks are detected from an iso-contour plot. At each peak, three values are obtained. Depending on the sign of the excitation energy (Ex), the emission energy (Em), and ΔE (= Ex - Em), it is the energy absorbed or emitted by the molecular structure during the emission process. Raman solution and molecular dynamics are used to find which group of atoms uses ΔE. Using this concept, band transitions are evaluated for all events. The region above the Raman ridge at 450 is ignored (Ex < Em). Near 450, ΔE ~ 0, there is no absorption, and all the added energy is emitted.

[0146] Figure 17 shows CEES images of various example configurations of molecular structure 100. Figure 17(a) is the CEES spectrum of PAMAM (P, top). Figure 17(b) is the CEES spectrum of NR-PAMAM (PC, bottom). Figure 17(c) is the CEES spectrum of NR-PAMAM (PC, top). Figure 17(d) is the CEES spectrum of PAMAM-NR-NIR797 (PCS, bottom). Figure 17(e) is the CEES spectrum of PAMAM-NR-MM (PCM, top). Figure 17(f) is the CEES spectrum of PAMAM-NR-NIR797-MM (PCMS, bottom). The data are very dense and pH dependent.

[0147] (Design and manufacturing methods) The above-described embodiment includes aspects of a design method and a manufacturing method. That is, the following design method is described in this specification.

[0148] A method for designing a molecular structure (100) comprising a matrix molecule (110), one or more receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), one or more molecular machines (106, 107), and one or more controller molecules (101), the method comprising: providing a matrix molecule (110) containing at least one cavity (102); and Attaching surface elements, including receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), to the ends of matrix molecules (110) via covalent bonds, coordinate bonds, electrostatic bonding, or weakly interacting forces; Including, The boundary molecules at the inner surface of the cavity (102) consist of chelating and non-chelating atoms that trigger hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the matrix molecule (110) (the central part of NB100) to the surface elements.

[0149] As noted above, the method further comprises: The method includes arranging one or more types of chemical and physical bonds of functional groups, including any one of receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), molecular machines (106, 107), and controller molecules (101), in a pattern that allows information received by the receptor molecules to propagate inward through matrix molecules (molecular branches) toward the controller molecules (encapsulated guests).

[0150] The method further comprises: This involves attaching one or more types of molecular motors to the surface region of the matrix molecule 110 (the core branched matrix of NB100) in such a way that a minimum number of ends of the matrix molecule 110 (branches) are accessible to environmental agents and the collective dynamics of the molecular motors can create spirals around the molecular structure 100.

[0151] This specification also presents the following design methodology.

[0152] A method for designing a molecular structure (100) comprising a matrix molecule (110), one or more receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), one or more molecular machines (106, 107), and one or more controller molecules (101), comprising: applying any one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to the molecular structure (110); and Obtain a map of one or more energy transfer loops in a molecular structure, and that the energy transfer loops are targets for users wishing to program, edit, write, erase, or rewrite any task performed by the molecular system. Contains:

[0153] The method further comprises: Monitoring the relaxation or activation of the energy transfer loop; and Modifying any one of the matrix molecules, receptor molecules, molecular machines, and controller molecules Includes.

[0154] The method further comprises: If inactivation of molecular structure (100) is observed, the method involves obtaining data from one of a transcriptome database, a protein upregulation database, and a protein downregulation database. (To understand the transcriptome data, the database must be analyzed. https: / / string-db.org / cgi / input?sessionId=bPMjeAXm5Cts&input_page_show_search=on. This site allows you to upload protein combinations from the transcriptome data. Commas are not required, but spaces are required to select multiple proteins. As shown in the slide, this allows you to understand the interactions between different proteins. By searching the transcriptome data, you can see that there are many controls. Here, we analyzed pancreatic genomic data and found that there is no existing path. In other words, the pathway for knocking out genes is unknown, and we have no choice but to find a new pathway. Gene symbols and proteins are different. https: / / www.uniprot.org / Here, check the protein particular. Usually, different databases use different names for the same protein, so you need to check synonyms and alternative names. http: / / biogps.org / #goto=genereport&id=6166 https: / / www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / gene / 100271645 https: / / www.genome.jp / kegg / pathway.html) and and redesigning any one of the matrix molecule (110), receptor molecule (103, 104, 105), molecular machine (106, 107), and controller molecule (101) with reference to the obtained data. Contains:

[0155] The method further comprises: Observing receptor molecules undergoing state changes in response to external stimuli using either CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy Includes:

[0156] The method further comprises: and observing that the controller molecule changes at least one selected from the group consisting of an electric field induced potential, a magnetic potential, a dynamic vibrational potential, and a thermal energy induced potential, thereby activating or inactivating the dynamics of receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), molecular machines (106, 107), and matrix molecules (110). Includes:

[0157] The method is further specified as follows: applying CEES spectroscopy to the molecular structure (100) using a CEES measurement chamber having an antenna array disposed around a cuvette holding a PCMS solution to monitor electromagnetic emissions from the molecular structure (100); and the method further comprises: Identifying functional elements of the molecular structure responsible for the non-radiative function; replacing the identified functional elements; Contains:

[0158] The method presented in this specification can be used as a manufacturing method. In other words, the following manufacturing method is presented in this specification.

[0159] A method for producing a molecular structure (100) comprising a matrix molecule (110), one or more receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), one or more molecular machines (106, 107), and one or more controller molecules (101), the method comprising: preparing a matrix molecule (110) comprising at least one cavity (102); and The method comprises the step of attaching surface elements, including receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), to the ends of matrix molecules (110) via covalent bonds, coordinate bonds, electrostatic bonds, or weak interaction forces, wherein: The boundary molecules at the inner surface of the cavity (102) consist of chelating and non-chelating atoms that trigger hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the matrix molecule (110) (the central part of NB100) to the surface elements.

[0160] 1. A method for producing a molecular structure (100) comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), one or more molecular machines (106, 107), and one or more controller molecules (101), the method comprising: applying any one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to the molecular structure (100); and Obtaining a map of one or more energy transfer loops in the molecular structure.

[0161] (Aspects of molecular structure 100) An embodiment of molecular structure 100 can be represented as follows:

[0162] The molecular structure (100) comprises a matrix molecule (110), one or more receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), one or more molecular machines (106, 107), and one or more controller molecules (101), wherein: At least one selected from the group consisting of receptor molecules (103, 104, 105) and molecular machines (106, 107) absorbs energy from the external environment; The molecular structure (100) converts energy into vibrational energy, resonates the vibrational energy, and emits energy packets in the form of electromagnetic vortices or rings. When polarized light converted into single photons is excited through a PCMS solution using a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), an oscillatory change is observed in the output current of the SPAD. Since the oscillating current pattern changes when the orientation is changed, it is concluded that the electromagnetic vortices emitted from the PCMS detected by the SPAD have vortex properties, i.e., a loop-like electric field structure.

[0163] A molecular structure (100) comprising: Molecular machines (106, 107) exhibit rotational, translational, and vibrational dynamics; At least one of the molecular machines (106, 107) is connected to a portion of a matrix molecule (110) that exhibits vibrational dynamics; and The combination of molecular machines (106, 107) and matrix molecules (110) acts as a specific vibrational energy emitter.

[0164] A molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule (110), one or more receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), one or more molecular machines (106, 107), and one or more controller molecules (101), wherein Receptor molecules (103, 104, 105) are: Receives electromagnetic pulses sent by the user; transmitting an electromagnetic pulse to the matrix molecules (110); The controller molecule (101) is: receiving an energy packet corresponding to the electromagnetic pulse from a matrix molecule (110); and instructing the molecular machines (106, 107) to perform one or more specific functions corresponding to the electromagnetic pulse;

[0165] A molecular structure (100) comprising: Electromagnetic pulses transmitted by a user activate specific components of the molecular structure (100), resulting in modulation of the dynamics of molecular machines (106, 107) through the selection of one or more energy transfer pathways.

[0166] A molecular structure (100) comprising: The branches of the matrix molecule (110) absorb one or more vortices or field rings (when a field changes phase along X, Y, Z, or a combination of these directions as it flows, it can take the shape of a particle, called a vortex, and vortices usually contain phase singularities in between to capture larger spaces, like ripples in water) consisting of electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and electromechanical elements; The absorbed vortex or ring fields are utilized to induce specific energy transfer loops or pathways.

[0167] A molecular structure (100) comprising: More than half of the branch terminals of the matrix molecule (110) are occupied by molecular machines (106, 107) on the surface of the matrix molecule (110); The molecular structure (100) physically interacts with a target molecular system using electromagnetic or electrodynamic waves to resonantly activate, enhance, deactivate, or destroy the target molecular system.

[0168] A molecular structure (100) comprising: In response to an electromagnetic pulse transmitted by a user, the molecular structure searches for and identifies a target molecular system having a complementary electromagnetic resonance band (electromagnetic resonance band); The molecular structure moves to a position of minimum energy where the molecular structure and the target molecular system coexist.

[0169] Further Aspects of the Embodiments This embodiment includes the following aspects.

[0170] (Aspect 1-1) The present invention introduces a supramolecular structure (100) called Nanobrain (NB100), which is composed of four components: fractal molecular branches (branches of matrix molecules 110) that act as a core matrix (core of matrix molecules 110); molecular sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) or actuators (rotors 106), molecular machines or motors (106, 107), connected to the core matrix; and Embedded in the core matrix is a multilevel molecular switch called the "controller unit" (controller molecule 101), which acts as a coordinator and director of the signaling pathways of other components attached to NB100.

[0171] (Aspect 1-2) The matrix (matrix molecule 110) is composed of a fractal-like molecular branching-out network, such as a dendritic structure with multiple branching termini, a linear or branched polymer or copolymer with multiple functionalized termini, a polyfunctional buckyball, or a composite nanomaterial with fractal-like wiring, and the matrix molecule (110) can take on a variety of shapes, including spherical, cubic, polyhedral, circular, polygonal, and fractal-branched.

[0172] (Aspects 1-3) The matrix (matrix molecule 110) formed by the fractal molecular branches contains cavities (voids 102) that represent voids within the matrix (matrix molecule 110), which may be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or amphiphilic in nature and have the ability to selectively incorporate guest controller molecules (101).

[0173] (Aspects 1-4) The guest molecule encapsulated in the cavity (102), the "controller unit" (controller molecule 101), can be a multilevel redox molecule, a dye molecule, a protein, a polymer, a copolymer, a biomolecule, a micelle, a nanoparticle, a quantum dot, or any material that can receive energy from the matrix (matrix molecule 110) and its components, and then send another signal back to the components via the matrix (matrix molecule 110) according to a certain logic rule.

[0174] (Aspects 1-5) Molecular motors (molecular machines 106, 107), as one class of building blocks, are attached to surfaces via terminal functional groups on the core branches (matrix molecules 110) of nanobrains (NBs 100), harvesting chemical, thermal noise, or user-generated signals to facilitate the storage of energy and the execution of various dynamic energy exchange pathways.

[0175] (Aspects 1-6) Molecular sensors, actuators (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105), or molecular emitters with various classes of energy (molecular machines 106, 107) can be attached to the terminal groups of the surface to sense molecules, ions, and fields.

[0176] (Aspects 1-7) All components attached to the NB100 exchange energy among themselves in one or more loops according to truth tables similar to classical or quantum logic gates.

[0177] (Aspect 2-1) The protocol for designing the molecular structure of NB100 involves creating various bonding networks throughout the complete structure, including independent hydrogen bond networks connecting all major functional groups, independent dipole-dipole interaction networks, and covalent bond networks connecting all functional components. (Aspect 2-2) The molecular sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) are bound to the terminal groups of the branches extending from the core structure (core of the matrix molecule 110) via covalent bonds, coordinate bonds, electrostatic bonds, or weak interaction forces.

[0178] (Aspect 2-3) The boundary molecules at the inner surface of the cavity (102) consist of chelating and non-chelating atoms that trigger hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the central part of NB100 (matrix molecule 110) with its surface elements.

[0179] (Aspects 2-4) The size of the cavity 102 is determined by the basic molecular structures that are repeated to create the fractal that constitutes the core matrix (core of the matrix molecule 110) of the NB100 structure, and the number of basic molecular structures that combine to create the center of the core matrix (core of the matrix molecule 110) as the first generation of branch formation corresponds to the number of cavities formed in the NB110 core. (Aspects 2-5) NB100 generates two distinct molecular dynamics: a rapidly oscillating core and a much slower oscillating peripheral region that interacts with the environment. Together, these two regions form an adiabatic system that generates a helical geometric phase in addition to the dynamic phase; the core dynamics is regulated by the bond distance between the two functional groups, while the peripheral dynamics is influenced by the population density of molecular motors on the surface, the density of sensors, the pH factor of the peripheral functional groups, the viscosity of the medium in which the NB is dissolved, the dipole moment of the solvent, temperature, the pressure exerted by the molecular motor as a rotor or thruster, and the ratio of the three components: unused ends, sensors, and motors.

[0180] (Aspects 2-6) Various types of chemical and physical bonds of functional groups are arranged in a pattern that allows the information received by the receptor molecules (103, 104, 105), such as sensors and / or motors, to propagate inward through the molecular branches towards the encapsulated guest and / or other components of the matrix (matrix molecule 110), effectively changing their state without losing signal properties.

[0181] (Aspects 2-7) The environmental stimuli from the desired molecular system include at least one of the following variables: heat, light, chrome, density, pH, ionic pressure, electric bias, magnetic bias, electromagnetic field, ultrasound, the presence of certain metal and non-metal ions or atoms, and internal ionic mobility that regulates energy transfer between the sensor (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) and the matrix (matrix molecules 110) and / or other components attached to the matrix (matrix molecules 110).

[0182] (Aspects 2-8) One or more types of molecular motors (molecular machines 106, 107) are attached to the surface region of the core branched matrix of NB100 (matrix molecules 110) so that a minimum number of branched ends are accessible by environmental agents and the collective dynamics of the motors spiral around the periphery of NB100, inhibiting chemical bonding with neighboring molecules.

[0183] (Aspect 3-1) Using CEES spectroscopy, we mapped the energy transfer pathway of NB100, and by modifying the functional molecules attached to NB100, we can precisely control the energy transfer loop and program the desired functionality. CEES spectroscopy involves varying the input laser frequency to map the output fluorescence frequency, and a 3D fluorescence plot shows high-intensity regions connected by loops that link orbital transitions between the active components of NB.

[0184] (Aspect 3-2) The four main molecular components, the branched core (matrix molecule 110), the sensor (receptor molecule 103, 104, 105), the motor (molecular machine 106, 107), and the controller unit (controller molecule 101), all exhibit natural fluorescence that can be distinguished by CEES, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, allowing for mapping of the energy transfer loop.

[0185] (Aspect 3-3) In CEES, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105) exhibit transient or permanent state changes in response to external stimuli, demonstrating sensitivity. These state changes include changes in redox state, conformational state, intramolecular ionization, or electronic or optical properties, and propagate through the matrix (matrix molecules 110) and associated components, such as encapsulated guest molecules (controller molecules 101) or attached molecular machines. (106, 107)

[0186] (Aspect 3-4) We live-monitor the relaxation dynamics of the loops under CEES for each environmental condition and observe the activation of specific energy transfer loops. If the desired loop is not activated or multiple loops are activated instead of one, we modify the functional groups of NB100, such as sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105), motors (molecular machines 106, 107), controller units (controller molecule 101), or branch designs, and construct new versions of NB100.

[0187] (Aspects 3-5) CEES will monitor the deactivation of NBs against biological samples, especially mRNA and proteins, confirm that there is no shift in the fluorescence peak upon deactivation, collect transcriptome and protein up- and down-regulation databases, and use them to redesign NB100 and synthesize a new version with improved deactivation. (Aspects 3-5) In the CEES measurement chamber, an antenna array is placed in the solution to monitor the electromagnetic radiation from NB100 under various thermal conditions. Through analysis of the CEES plots, we can detect the molecular functions in NB100 that activate its radiation, identify and replace the functional elements responsible for its non-radiative functions, and synthesize a new, improved version of NB100.

[0188] (Aspects 3-6) The "controller unit" (controller molecule 101) changes at least one of the electric potential, electric field-induced potential, magnetic potential, dynamic vibration potential, and thermal energy-induced potential to activate or deactivate sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105), motors (molecular machines 106, 107), and branching dynamics (branching dynamics of matrix molecules 110). During the operation of a series of tasks performed by NB100, state changes are read live in CEES, and if a malfunction occurs in one or more steps of the programmed operation, the controller unit (controller molecule 101) and other components are redesigned and a new version of the NB100 system is constructed.

[0189] (Aspect 4-1) The molecular design mechanism of NB antenna behavior is that various functional groups attached to the ends of the branches (the ends of the branches on the matrix molecules 110) absorb thermal noise, chemical noise, and abundant energy from the surrounding solution environment, utilize that energy for electromagnetic beating, and sequentially emit the resulting beating signal as a ring-shaped field or vortex throughout the entire NB100 structure.

[0190] (Aspect 4-2) Chemically and / or physically coupled molecular machines (106, 107) are dynamic molecules with rotational, translational, or vibrational dynamics, complemented by multiple branches of NB100 that act as a matrix that also exhibits natural vibrational dynamics in various modes. As a result, these two electromechanically vibrating systems exhibit synergistic effects and are sources of energy release in specific vibrational modes.

[0191] (Aspect 4-3) Molecular machines (106, 107) absorb energy from freely available thermal energy in the form of kT, supplied by thermal noise and / or chemical / physical energy naturally present in the cellular environment, convert this thermal noise into quantized vibrational energy, promote loop dynamics of functional groups and asymmetric regions that resonate (resonate) with said vibrational energy, and sequentially release energy packets in the form of field vortices or rings.

[0192] (Aspect 5-1) This is an engineered molecular mechanism for the receiver operation of NB100. The user wirelessly transmits electromagnetic pulses to one of three types of components added externally to the branch of NB100: sensors (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105), motors (molecular machines 106, 107), or a "controller unit" (controller molecule 101). When the energy packet reaches the controller unit (controller molecule 101), the controller (controller molecule 101) can send a final command to switch on or off a specific function or characteristic of NB100, thereby carrying out the received command.

[0193] (Aspect 5-2) When the user sends an appropriate electromagnetic signal, the desired loop or specific component is activated, modulating the dynamics of the molecular machine (106, 107) through the selection of one or more energy transfer pathways, causing the sensor molecules (receptor molecules 103, 104, 105), controller unit (controller molecule 101), and other components to follow logical rules. When necessary, vortices similar to radiation from an antenna are released, transmitting information related to the electromagnetic resonance properties of one or more components.

[0194] (Aspect 5-3) The branches of NB100's matrix (matrix molecules 110) absorb various vortex and ring-like fields consisting of electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and electromechanical elements, all with multiple angular momentum. These absorbed elements are utilized to trigger specific energy transfer loops, effectively functioning as encoded programs or algorithms.

[0195] (Aspect 5-4) To ensure chemical neutrality or to prevent chemical bonding with environmental molecules or particles, more than 50% of the branch ends of the matrix molecule (110) are occupied by molecular machines (106, 107) on the surface of the NB matrix branches (matrix molecule (110)), designed as rotors (106) that thermally stabilize the fractal branches within the NB core (core of matrix molecule 110). Degradation is stopped while unused surface ends that could chemically interact with external agents are screened by the rotors. Therefore, NB 100 physically interacts only with target molecular systems using electromagnetic or electromechanical waves, resonantly activating, deactivating, or destroying targets.

[0196] (Aspect 5-5) By transmitting electromagnetic waves and receiving reflected waves, NB100 actively searches for and identifies target molecular systems with complementary electromagnetic resonance bands, utilizes its rotor properties to glide toward the target molecules in solution, strategically distributes itself to neutralize long-range electromagnetic coupling, and finally achieves a position where both NB100 and the target molecular system coexist and minimize energy.

[0197] While several embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing is illustrative and not limiting. Numerous other embodiments and modifications are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0198] 100 Molecular Structure (Nanobrain, NB) 101, 809, 1010 Controller molecules 102 Cavity 103 Temperature Sensor 104 Target Sensor 105 pH sensor 106, 402, 403, 404 Molecular rotors (molecular motors) 107 Chemical Clipper 110, 1005 Matrix molecules 802 Surface of matrix molecules 804, 805, 806 Layer of matrix molecules 808, 1006, 1009 Center of matrix molecule 901, 902, 903, 904, 906, 1007, 1011, 1012, 1013 Molecular Machines 1004 Receptor molecules

Claims

1. matrix molecules, one or more receptor molecules, at least one of which is bound to a portion of the matrix molecule; one or more molecular machines, at least one of which is attached to another portion of the matrix molecule; and one or more controller molecules that control at least a portion of the molecular machine A programmable molecular structure.

2. 10. The programmable molecular structure of claim 1, The matrix molecules have fractal molecular branches. Programmable molecular structures.

3. 3. The programmable molecular structure of claim 2, The matrix molecule has one or more cavities in which the controller molecule is embedded. Programmable molecular structures.

4. 4. The programmable molecular structure of claim 3, The controller molecule is composed of encapsulated multi-level molecules. Programmable molecular structures.

5. 5. The programmable molecular structure of claim 4, The receptor molecule is receive external stimuli, transmitting the external stimulus to the matrix molecules; The controller molecule receiving energy corresponding to the external stimulus from the matrix molecules; instructing said molecular machine to perform a task in response to said external stimulus; Programmable molecular structures.

6. 6. The programmable molecular structure according to claim 1, The matrix molecule is a dendritic structure with multiple branching ends; a multifunctional linear or branched polymer or copolymer; and Multifunctional buckyballs, or composite nanomaterials with fractal wiring and The matrix molecules may be spherical, cubic, polyhedral, circular, polygonal, or fractal branched. Programmable molecular structures.

7. 6. The programmable molecular structure according to claim 1, The controller molecule Multilevel redox molecules, dye molecules, proteins, polymers, copolymers, biomolecules, micelles, nanoparticles, and quantum dots have at least one of the following: Programmable molecular structures.

8. 6. The programmable molecular structure according to claim 1, The receptor molecule is Molecular motors that receive chemical noise, thermal noise, or user-transmitted signals; and Molecular sensors that detect molecules, ions, or electromagnetic fields have at least one of the following: Programmable molecular structures.

9. 6. The programmable molecular structure according to claim 1, The molecular machine performs tasks including rotational, translational, and / or vibrational motions according to instructions from the controller molecule. Programmable molecular structures.

10. A method for designing a programmable molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, comprising: providing a matrix molecule comprising at least one cavity; and Attaching the surface elements containing the receptor molecules to the ends of the matrix molecules via covalent bonds, coordinate bonds, electrostatic bonds, or weak interaction forces. Including, The boundary molecules at the inner cavity surface are composed of chelating and non-chelating atoms that trigger hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the matrix molecules to the surface elements. Design method.

11. The design method according to claim 10, the size of the cavity is determined by one or more basic molecular structures that are repeated to form fractal chains that make up the matrix molecule; The number of basic molecular structures that combine to form the core of the matrix molecule as the first generation of branching corresponds to the number of cavities formed in the molecular matrix. Design method.

12. The design method according to claim 11, adjusting the chemical and physical bonds of one or more of the functional groups comprising the receptor molecule, the molecular machine, or the controller molecule in a pattern such that information received by the receptor molecule propagates inward through the matrix molecule toward the controller molecule; Contains Design method.

13. 13. The design method according to claim 12, the molecular structure generates two different molecular dynamics, one being a faster vibration in the core of the matrix molecule and the other being a slower vibration in the periphery of the matrix molecule; The two different molecular dynamics together form an adiabatic system that generates a helical geometry phase in addition to the dynamic phase. Design method.

14. 14. The design method according to claim 10, The method further includes attaching one or more types of molecular motors to the surface region of the matrix molecule to ensure that a minimum of the ends of the matrix molecule are accessible by environmental agents and that the collective dynamics of the molecular motors induces vortices around the molecular structure. Design method.

15. 14. The design method according to claim 10, The receptor molecule is Heat, light, saturation, density, pH, ion pressure, electric bias, magnetic bias, electromagnetic field, ultrasound, the presence of certain metals, the presence of certain non-metallic ions, the presence of certain atoms, and internal ion movement within the molecular structure. receive environmental stimuli including at least one of Design method.

16. A method for designing a molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, comprising: applying any one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to the molecular structure; and obtaining a map of one or more energy transfer loops in said molecular structure; Including, The energy transfer loop is subject to users wishing to program, edit, write, erase, and rewrite any task performed by the molecular system. Design method.

17. 17. The design method according to claim 16, monitoring the relaxation or activation of the energy transfer loop; and Modifying any of the matrix molecule, the receptor molecule, the molecular machine, and the controller molecule. The design method further includes:

18. 18. The design method according to claim 17, If the inactivation of the molecular structure is observed, obtaining data from any one of a transcriptome database, a protein upregulation database, and a protein upregulation database; and a step of redesigning any one of the matrix molecule, the receptor molecule, the molecular machine, and the controller molecule with reference to the acquired data. The design method further includes:

19. 19. The design method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, a step of observing the receptor molecule exhibiting a state change in response to an external stimulus by any one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy; The design method further includes:

20. 19. The design method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, Observing that the controller molecule changes at least one of an electric field-induced potential, a magnetic potential, a dynamic vibration potential, and a thermal energy-induced potential to activate or deactivate the dynamics of the receptor molecule, the molecular machine, and the matrix molecule. The design method further includes:

21. 19. The design method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, applying CEES spectroscopy to the molecular structure is carried out using a CEES measurement chamber in which an antenna array is positioned to monitor electromagnetic emissions from the molecular structure; The design method is Identifying the functional elements of the molecular structure responsible for the non-radiative properties; and replacing the identified functional element The design method further includes:

22. A molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, At least one of the receptor molecule and the molecular machine absorbs energy from an external environment; The molecular structure converts the energy into vibrational energy, resonates the vibrational energy, and releases energy packets in the form of electromagnetic vortices or rings. Molecular structure.

23. 23. The molecular structure of claim 22, the molecular machine exhibits rotational, translational, or vibrational dynamics; at least one of the molecular machines is connected to a portion of a matrix molecule that exhibits vibrational dynamics; The combination of the molecular machine and the matrix molecule acts as an energy emitter in a specific vibrational mode. Molecular structure.

24. A molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, The receptor molecule is Receives electromagnetic pulses sent by the user, transmitting said electromagnetic pulse to said matrix molecules; The controller molecule receiving an energy packet corresponding to the electromagnetic pulse from the matrix molecule; instructing said molecular machine to perform one or more specific functions in response to said electromagnetic pulse; Molecular structure.

25. 25. The molecular structure of claim 24, The electromagnetic pulses transmitted by the user activate specific components of the molecular structure and modulate the dynamics of the molecular machine through the selection of one or more energy transfer pathways. Molecular structure.

26. 26. The molecular structure of claim 25, the branches of the matrix molecules absorb one or more field vortices or rings made up of electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and electrodynamic elements; The absorbed field vortices or rings are utilized to trigger specific energy transfer loops or pathways. Molecular structure.

27. 27. The molecular structure of any one of claims 24 to 26, more than half of the ends of the branches of the matrix molecule are occupied by the molecular machines on the surface of the matrix molecule; The molecular structures physically interact with target molecular systems using electromagnetic or electrodynamic waves to resonantly activate, enhance, inactivate, or destroy the target molecular systems. Molecular structure.

28. 27. The molecular structure of any one of claims 24 to 26, In response to an electromagnetic pulse transmitted by the user, the molecular structure searches for and identifies a target molecular system having a complementary electromagnetic resonance band; The molecular structure moves to a position of minimum energy where the molecular structure and the target molecular system coexist. Molecular structure.

29. 1. A method for producing a molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, comprising: providing a matrix molecule comprising at least one cavity; and Attaching the surface elements containing the receptor molecules to the ends of the matrix molecules via covalent, coordinate, electrostatic, or weak interaction forces. Including, The boundary molecules at the inner cavity surface are composed of chelating and non-chelating atoms that trigger hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic ionic bond formation, thereby connecting the matrix molecules to the surface elements. Methods for manufacturing molecular structures.

30. 1. A method for producing a molecular structure comprising a matrix molecule, one or more receptor molecules, one or more molecular machines, and one or more controller molecules, comprising: applying any one of CEES spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to the molecular structure; and obtaining a map of one or more energy transfer loops in said molecular structure; A method for producing a molecular structure comprising:

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