Simulator

Abstract

To provide an education-purposed simulator that enables experiencing a medical instrument operation when a catheter is blocked.SOLUTION: A simulator comprises: a sheet; a container; and a catheter assembly which has a catheter on a tip end side, and to which a medical instrument enabling a fluid to communicate with the catheter is connected on a rear end side. A first member of one of a lid and a main body of the container has an inner side surface and an outer side surface on a second member side of the other. The sheet is bonded onto the outer side surface. The first member and the sheet have through-holes for inserting the catheter to the inside of the container, which are formed at the same location in a top surface view of the container. The catheter has at least a part inserted into the inside of the container via the through-holes from the tip end side. The simulator further comprises a third member in the container, which limits at least one of a flow in a first direction of the fluid in the catheter from the inside of the container toward the outside of the container and a flow in a second direction opposite the first direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to simulators, and more particularly to educational simulators for catheter assemblies. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, a catheter assembly having a catheter has been used when a shunt has not been created or cannot be used during dialysis treatment. German Utility Model No. 202004006035 (Patent Document 1) discloses a human body model for educational purposes into which a catheter can be inserted. By using the human body model in Patent Document 1, catheterization procedures can be learned. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] German Utility Model No. 202004006035 [Patent Document 2] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 106781812 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Incidentally, when a catheter is left indwelling in the human body, blood components (coagulation) may adhere to the tip of the catheter inside the human body. In such cases, the opening of the catheter lumen may be blocked in whole or in part by the blood coagulation. However, Patent Document 1 does not allow the user to experience the operation of a medical device such as a syringe when the catheter is blocked by the blood coagulation.

[0005] The present disclosure provides an educational simulator that allows the user to experience operating a medical device when a catheter is occluded. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a simulator includes a sheet, a container having a lid and a body, and a catheter assembly having a catheter at its distal end through which a fluid flows and a medical device connected at its proximal end for fluid communication with the catheter. A first member of one of the lid and the body has an inner surface facing a second member of the other of the lid and the body, and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The sheet is attached to the outer surface. A through-hole for inserting the catheter into the container is formed in each of the first member and the sheet at the same position in a top view of the container. At least a portion of the catheter is inserted into the container from the distal end through each through-hole. The simulator further includes a third member in the container that restricts at least one of the flow of fluid in the catheter in a first direction from inside the container to outside the container and the flow of fluid in the catheter in a second direction opposite the first direction.

[0007] Preferably, the catheter is formed with a first lumen for blood removal and a second lumen for blood return, through which fluid flows, and the third member restricts the flow of fluid in the first and second directions in the first and second lumens.

[0008] Preferably, the third member is an occlusion member that occludes the first lumen and the second lumen. Preferably, the catheter is formed with a first lumen for blood removal and a second lumen for blood return, through which fluid flows, and the third member restricts only the first direction of fluid flow in the first and second lumens.

[0009] Preferably, the simulator further includes a check valve disposed within the container and a first tube connecting the first and second lumens to the check valve, the check valve preventing fluid from flowing in a first direction through the first and second lumens and allowing fluid to flow in a second direction through the first and second lumens.

[0010] Preferably, the catheter is formed with a first lumen for blood removal and a second lumen for blood return, through which fluid flows, and the third member restricts the flow of fluid in one of the first and second lumens in the first and second directions.

[0011] Preferably, the catheter has a first open end of the first lumen and a second open end of the second lumen at the distal end of the catheter. The second lumen extends further toward the distal end of the catheter than the first lumen. The third member is an occlusion member that occludes only the second lumen of the first and second lumens at a position between the first and second open ends of the catheter.

[0012] Preferably, the catheter has a first open end of the first lumen and a second open end of the second lumen at the distal end of the catheter. The second lumen extends further toward the distal end of the catheter than the first lumen. The third member is a covering member that covers only the first open end of the first and second open ends.

[0013] Preferably, the simulator further includes a bag filled with a liquid and housed in the container, and a second tube connected to a check valve. The first tube and the second tube communicate with each other through the check valve in a direction from the first tube side to the second tube side. The second tube is inserted into the bag.

[0014] Preferably, the simulator further comprises a fluid-filled bag housed within the container, and the catheter is inserted into the bag such that the first open end and the second open end are located within the bag.

[0015] Preferably, the first member is opaque. Preferably, the simulator further comprises a medical device. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to experience operating a medical device when the catheter is occluded. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing devices that constitute a part of a simulator. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a simulator. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the simulator shown in FIG. 4 as seen from the back side. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the state of an actual catheter simulated by the simulator. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining another type of simulator. [Figure 8] 10A and 10B are diagrams for explaining the state of an actual catheter simulated by another type of simulator. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a simulator of still another form. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a simulator of still another form. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 shows a CVC simulator with an infectious disease simulating an infectious disease. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 shows a CVC simulator with bleeding due to sutures. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 shows a CVC simulator with the cuff protruding. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 shows the simulator when the catheter tip is in the correct position. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 shows the simulator when the catheter tip is in the wrong position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, identical components are assigned the same reference numerals. Their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed descriptions thereof will not be repeated. Note that each simulator described below is an educational (training) simulator for medical professionals.

[0019] [Embodiment 1] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing devices that form part of the simulator. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1, the simulator 1 includes a catheter assembly 10 and two syringes 20V and 20A.

[0020] The catheter assembly 10 is primarily used for hemodialysis or percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention. The catheter assembly 10 includes a hub 11A on the blood removal side (arterial side), a hub 11V on the blood return side (venous side), a branch tube 12A on the blood removal side, a branch tube 12V on the blood return side, a branch 13, a rotor 14, a catheter 15, a plug 16A on the blood removal side, a plug 16V on the blood return side, a cuff 17, a clamp 18A on the blood removal side, and a clamp 18V on the blood return side.

[0021] Specifically, the catheter assembly 10 has a catheter 15 at its distal end, through which a fluid flows, and syringes 20A and 20V are connected at its proximal end. The syringes 20A and 20V are capable of fluid communication with the catheter 15. The catheter 15 has a first portion 15a at the distal end of the catheter assembly 10 and a second portion 15b at the branching portion 13. In the simulator 1, the fluid may be either gas or liquid. In the case of liquid, it can simulate blood.

[0022] In this example, the catheter 15 is a double-lumen catheter. However, this is not limited to this. The number of lumens (number of internal cavities) of the catheter is not limited to two, and may be, for example, one, three, or four. In this embodiment, the term "catheter" refers to the soft, thin tube itself that is inserted into the body.

[0023] The cuff 17 is attached to the catheter 15. The cuff 17 is used to fix the catheter 15 inside the body. The cuff 17 swells with bodily fluids, thereby fixing the catheter 15 inside the body outside the blood vessel.

[0024] Syringes 20A and 20V each include a syringe (outer cylinder, barrel) 21, a plunger (push member, piston) 22, a gasket 23, and a flange 24. The tip (cylinder tip) of syringe 20A is connected to plug 16A. The tip of syringe 20V is connected to plug 16V.

[0025] As shown in Fig. 2, a blood return flow path 121V is formed in branch pipe 12V. Similarly, a blood removal flow path 121A is formed in branch pipe 12A. Flow path 121V is connected to syringe 20V via hub 11V and plug 16V. Flow path 121A is connected to syringe 20A via hub 11A and plug 16A.

[0026] 3, catheter 15 is formed with a blood removal lumen (first lumen) 151A and a blood return lumen (second lumen) 151V, through which fluids flow, respectively. Lumen 151A is connected to flow path 121A in branch pipe 12A via branch portion 13. Lumen 151V is connected to flow path 121V in branch pipe 12V via branch portion 13. Lumen 151V extends closer to the tip of catheter 15 than lumen 151A.

[0027] Lumens 151A and 151V are formed in the second portion 15b of the catheter 15. Only lumen 151V is formed in the first portion 15a of the catheter 15. No lumen 151A is formed in the first portion 15a. As shown in FIG. 1, the catheter 15 is formed with an open end 150A of the lumen 151A and an open end 150V of the lumen 151V.

[0028] Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the simulator 1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the simulator 1 shown in Fig. 4 as viewed from the back. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the simulator 1 includes a catheter assembly 10, syringes 20A and 20V, a container 30, artificial skin 40, and tape 50. The syringes 20A and 20V are an example of a "medical device" in the present disclosure. The artificial skin 40 is an example of a "sheet" in the present disclosure.

[0029] The container 30 includes a main body 31, a lid 32, and a hinge portion 33. In FIG. 5, the container 30 is turned upside down so that the lid 32 is below the main body 31. The lid 32 is connected to the main body 31 by the hinge portion 33 in an openable and closable manner. In this example, the container 30 is made of resin. The main body 31 has an inner surface 311 on the lid 32 side and an outer surface 312 opposite the inner surface. The interior of the container 30 formed by the main body 31 and the lid 32 simulates the inside of the human body.

[0030] In this example, the main body 31 is opaque so that the inside of the container 30 cannot be seen from the main body 31 side. The lid 32 is transparent. When the simulator 1 is in use, the main body 31 is positioned on the user side. This prevents the user from seeing the inside of the container 30 when the simulator 1 is in use.

[0031] More preferably, the container 30 is entirely opaque. That is, both the main body 31 and the lid 32 are opaque. This prevents the user from seeing the inside of the container 30 when viewed from the side or when the container 30 is lifted up and viewed from the outside of the lid 32. On the other hand, if the container 30 is entirely opaque, the host preparing the simulator for the user will be unable to identify which of the multiple embodiments described below it is. Therefore, for example, if the lid 32 is transparent, it is preferable that the host cover the entire lid 32 with a cover made of an opaque material when the user is using the simulator.

[0032] Artificial skin 40 is attached to the outer surface 312 of the main body 31. Through holes 31h, 40h for inserting the catheter 15 into the container 30 are formed in each of the main body 31 and the artificial skin 40 at the same positions when viewed from above the container 30.

[0033] At least a portion of the catheter 15 is inserted into the container 30 from the tip side through each of the through-holes 31h, 40h. Specifically, the catheter 15 is inserted into the container 30 up to a position where the rotor 14 contacts the artificial skin 40. A portion of the catheter 15 on the rotor 14 side (the base portion) is exposed to the outside of the container 30.

[0034] The catheter assembly 10 is fixed to the container 30 with tape 50. More specifically, the branching portion 13 is fixed to the artificial skin 40 with tape 50. In this example, the tape 50 has a substantially rectangular shape with an oval opening 51h on the inside. In a top view of the container 30, the through holes 31h, 40h and the rotor 14 are located within the opening 51h.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 5, the simulator 1 further includes an occlusion member 510. The occlusion member 510 restricts the flow of fluid in the catheter 15 in a first direction D1 from inside the container 30 to outside the container 30 (flow from inside the human body to outside the human body) and in a second direction D2 opposite to the first direction D1 (flow from outside the human body to inside the human body). The occlusion member 510 occludes two lumens 151A, 151V of the catheter 15 in the container 30. In this example, the occlusion member 510 occludes each open end 150A, 150V of the catheter 15. The occlusion member 510 is formed, for example, from a bag-shaped member and tape. More specifically, the occlusion member 510 is a bag-shaped member fixed to the outer periphery of the catheter 15 with tape.

[0036] The occlusion member 510 is not limited thereto and may be formed of, for example, tape alone. In this case, the tape may be wrapped around the catheter 15 so as to cover the open ends 150A and 150V of the catheter 15. Alternatively, the occlusion member 510 may be formed of a binding member such as a cable tie. In this case, the lumens 151A and 151V may be occluded by bending the second section 15b of the catheter approximately 180 degrees and binding the bent portion and the unbent portion with a cable tie or the like. Furthermore, in consideration of the possibility that a binding member such as tape or a cable tie may loosen after multiple uses of the simulator 1, the lumens 151A and 151V may be occluded by combining a binding member such as tape or a cable tie. The occlusion member 510 is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude the two lumens 151A and 151V of the catheter 15 within the container 30.

[0037] It is preferable to fill the portion of the catheter assembly 10 outside the artificial skin 40 (outside the container 30) (particularly the flow paths 121V, 121A) with heparin-containing saline for the following reasons: If blood is allowed to stagnate in the catheter, it will clot. For this reason, a procedure called heparin lock is performed, in which the blood is pushed out using saline. To simulate this procedure, the outside of the artificial skin 40 is filled with saline. Note that, as shown in other embodiments described below, when the tip of the catheter 15 is inserted into a liquid bag, it is preferable that the liquid sealed in the liquid bag is red and the liquid used for heparin lock is transparent. With this configuration, blood and saline can be color-coded to more faithfully reproduce the situation.

[0038] Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining the state of an actual catheter simulated by simulator 1. As shown in Fig. 6, when catheter 915 is placed inside a human body, blood components (coagulation) may adhere to the tip side of the catheter (the side opposite the rotor). Fig. 6 shows a state in which the two open ends of catheter 915 (the open end of the lumen on the blood removal side and the open end of the lumen on the blood return side) are blocked by coagulations 901 and 902.

[0039] The simulator 1 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can simulate an occluded state as shown in FIG. 6 using the occlusion member 510. Furthermore, the simulator 1 can also simulate a case where a clot is present not at the open end but deep inside the lumen (deep inside the catheter). In these cases, the plunger 22 of the syringe 20A on the blood removal side (arterial side) of the simulator 1 cannot be pulled or pushed. Similarly, the plunger 22 of the syringe 20V on the blood return side (venous side) cannot be pulled or pushed. That is, the plunger 22 of the syringe 20V and the syringe 20A cannot be moved relative to the syringe 21.

[0040] As described above, by using simulator 1 for training, a user of simulator 1 can experience operating syringes on the blood removal side and the blood return side when the lumen on the blood removal side and the blood return side are simultaneously blocked by blood clots 901, 902.

[0041] [Embodiment 2] In the first embodiment, a simulator capable of simulating a state in which the blood removal side lumen 151A and the blood return side lumen 151V are simultaneously blocked was described. In the present embodiment, a simulator 1A will be described in which the blood removal and blood return lumens 151A, 151V are blocked only when the plungers of the syringes for blood removal and blood return are pulled.

[0042] Similar to simulator 1, simulator 1A includes catheter assembly 10, syringes 20A and 20V, a container 30, artificial skin 40, and tape 50. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating simulator 1A of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, simulator 1A further includes a blocking member 520. Simulator 1A differs from simulator 1 of embodiment 1 in that it includes blocking member 520 instead of blocking member 510. The following mainly describes the configuration of simulator 1A that differs from simulator 1. In this embodiment, the length of catheter 15 is shorter than that of embodiment 1.

[0043] Closing member 520 is housed in container 30. Closing member 520 restricts only the flow in first direction D1 of the flow of fluid in lumens 151A, 151V in first direction D1 and second direction D2. Details of closing member 520 will be described below.

[0044] The blocking member 520 includes tubes 521, 522, and 523, a three-way valve 524, and cable ties 525 and 526. The tube 521 has ends 5211 and 5212. The tube 522 has ends 5221 and 5222. The tube 523 has ends 5231 and 5232. The three-way valve 524 has a first port 5241, a second port 5242, and a third port 5243.

[0045] An end 5211 of the tube 521 is connected to the catheter 15. Specifically, a first portion 15a of the catheter 15 is inserted into the tube 521 from the end 5211 side. On the end 5211 side, the outer circumference of the tube 521 is tied with a cable tie 526 so that the catheter 15 does not come off the tube 521. An end 5212 of the tube 521 is connected to a first port 5241 of the three-way valve 524. Specifically, the first port 5241 is inserted into the tube 521 from the end 5212 side.

[0046] End 5221 of tube 522 is connected to second port 5242 of three-way valve 524. More specifically, second port 5242 is inserted into tube 522 from the end 5221 side. In this example, no other members are connected to end 5222 of tube 522. However, this is not limiting, and a liquid bag filled with liquid may be connected to end 5222. The liquid simulates blood. The liquid is preferably red. When the liquid bag is connected to end 5222, tube 522 is inserted into the liquid bag.

[0047] End 5231 of tube 523 is connected to third port 5243 of three-way valve 524. More specifically, third port 5243 is inserted into tube 523 from the end 5231 side. Tube 523 is tied with a cable tie 525 on the end 5232 side. In this way, tube 523 is closed on the end 5232 side. The reason that end 5232 side of tube 523 is closed is to prevent liquid from leaking from end 5232 when end 5222 of tube 522 is inserted into the liquid bag described above.

[0048] Three-way valve 524 is a check valve (one-way valve). Three-way valve 524 restricts only the flow of fluid in first direction D1 among the flow of fluid in first direction D1 and second direction D2 in lumens 151A and 151V. That is, three-way valve 524 prevents fluid from flowing in first direction D1 and allows fluid to flow in second direction D2 in lumens 151A and 151V.

[0049] Specifically, the fluid sent from inside the catheter 15 passes through the tube 521 and the three-way valve 524 and reaches the tube 522. On the other hand, the movement of the fluid in the tube 522 toward the catheter 15 side is restricted by the three-way valve 524. In this way, the tubes 521 and 522 communicate with each other only in the direction from the tube 521 side to the tube 522 side via the three-way valve 524.

[0050] Although the simulator 1A uses the three-way valve 524, the type of valve is not particularly limited as long as it has the function of a check valve.

[0051] Fig. 8 is a diagram for explaining the state of an actual catheter simulated by simulator 1A. As shown in Fig. 8, when catheter 915 is placed inside the human body, blood clots may adhere over a wide area to the distal end of the catheter. Such clots that adhere over a wide area are sleeve-shaped (more specifically, nearly cylindrical) and have the deformability and elasticity of jelly.

[0052] 8, a large area of ​​clot 903 is fixed to the outer periphery of catheter 915. An end of clot 903 (the end on the left side in the figure) is located near each open end (not shown) of each lumen (not shown). When fluid flows in a first direction D1 through each lumen, the end is sucked into each lumen from each open end. When fluid flows in a second direction D2 through each lumen, the end moves in a direction away from each open end.

[0053] According to simulator 1A shown in Fig. 7, it is possible to simulate an occlusion state caused by coagulation 903 as shown in Fig. 8 by using occlusion member 520. In this case, for syringe 20A on the blood removal side (arterial side) of simulator 1A, it is not possible to pull back plunger 22, but it is possible to push it. Similarly, for syringe 20V on the blood return side (venous side), it is not possible to pull back plunger 22, but it is possible to push it. That is, for syringe 20V and syringe 20A, it is possible to move plunger 22 only in the direction of pushing plunger 22 relative to syringe 21.

[0054] As described above, by using simulator 1A for training, a user of simulator 1A can experience operating syringes on the blood removal side and blood return side in a state in which the lumen on the blood removal side and the lumen on the blood return side are simultaneously blocked only in the direction from the inside to the outside of the body (first direction) by blood clot 903.

[0055] [Embodiment 3] In the first embodiment, a simulator capable of simulating a state in which the blood removal side lumen 151A and the blood return side lumen 151V are simultaneously blocked has been described. In the present embodiment, a simulator 1B will be described that can simulate a state in which only the blood removal side lumen 151A is blocked, out of the blood removal side lumen 151A and the blood return side lumen 151V.

[0056] Similar to the simulators 1 and 1A, the simulator 1B includes a catheter assembly 10, syringes 20A and 20V, a container 30, artificial skin 40, and tape 50. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the simulator 1B of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, the simulator 1B further includes a blocking member 530. The simulator 1B differs from the simulator 1 of the first embodiment in that it includes a blocking member 530 instead of the blocking member 510.

[0057] A liquid bag 60 containing a blood-simulating liquid 61 is contained within the container 30. The first section 15a and a part of the second section 15b of the catheter 15 are inserted into the liquid bag 60. The catheter 15 is inserted into the liquid bag 60 so that the open ends 150A and 150V are located within the liquid bag 60.

[0058] In this example, the occlusion member 530 is a cable tie. The occlusion member 530 restricts the flow of fluid in the first and second directions D1 and D2 in the lumen 151V. The occlusion member 530 occludes only the lumen 151V of the lumen 151A and the lumen 151V at a position between the open ends 150A and 150V of the catheter 15. Specifically, in this example, the occlusion member 530 ties the first portion 15a of the catheter 15 from the outer periphery, thereby occluding the lumen 151V. Meanwhile, the lumen 151A is not occluded.

[0059] 9, it is possible to simulate a state in which lumen 151V on the blood return side (venous side) is blocked by blocking member 530. In this case, it is possible to both pull and push plunger 22 of syringe 20A on the blood removal side (arterial side) of simulator 1B. On the other hand, it is difficult to both pull and push plunger 22 of syringe 20V on the blood return side (venous side).

[0060] As described above, by using simulator 1B for training, a user of simulator 1B can experience operating syringes on the blood removal side and the blood return side when only the blood return side lumen 151V is blocked, out of the blood removal side lumen 151A and the blood return side lumen 151V.

[0061] [Embodiment 4] In the third embodiment, a simulator capable of simulating a state in which only the blood return side lumen 151V of the blood removal side lumen 151A and the blood return side lumen 151V is blocked was described. In the present embodiment, a simulator 1C capable of simulating a state in which only the blood removal side lumen 151A of the blood removal side lumen 151A and the blood return side lumen 151V is blocked will be described.

[0062] Similar to the simulators 1, 1A, and 1B, the simulator 1C includes a catheter assembly 10, syringes 20A and 20V, a container 30, an artificial skin 40, and a tape 50. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the simulator 1C of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, the simulator 1C further includes a blocking member 540. The simulator 1C differs from the simulator 1B of the third embodiment in that it includes a blocking member 540 instead of the blocking member 530.

[0063] As in the third embodiment, a liquid bag 60 containing a blood-simulating liquid 61 is contained within the container 30. First section 15a and a part of second section 15b of catheter 15 are inserted into the liquid bag 60. Catheter 15 is inserted into the liquid bag 60 so that open ends 150A and 150V are located within the liquid bag 60.

[0064] The occluding member 540 is a covering member that covers only the opening end 150A of the opening ends 150A and 150V. The occluding member 540 restricts the flow of fluid in the first and second directions D1 and D2 through the lumen 151A. Specifically, the occluding member 540 includes a substantially cylindrical sleeve 541 and two cable ties 542 and 543. In this example, the sleeve 541 is made of rubber. The catheter 15 is inserted into the sleeve 541. The sleeve 541 is fixed around the opening end 150A with the cable ties 542 and 543 so as to hide the opening end 150A on the blood removal side. The cable tie 542, the opening end 150A, the cable tie 543, and the opening end 150V are positioned in this order along the extension direction of the catheter 15. With this configuration, the lumen 151A is occluded while the lumen 151V is not occluded.

[0065] Note that if the binding bands 542, 543 are tightened too much, the lumen 151V on the blood return side will also be blocked. Therefore, the binding bands 542, 543 are tightened with a strength that does not block the lumen 151V on the blood return side. The binding bands 542, 543 fasten the sleeve 541 to the catheter 15 to the extent that no gap through which fluid can flow is formed between the sleeve 541 and the outer peripheral surface of the catheter 15.

[0066] 10, it is possible to simulate a state in which the lumen 151A on the blood removal side (arterial side) is blocked by the blocking member 540. In this case, it is possible to both pull and push the plunger 22 of the syringe 20V on the blood return side (venous side) of the simulator 1C. On the other hand, it is difficult to both pull and push the plunger 22 of the syringe 20A on the blood removal side (arterial side).

[0067] As described above, by using simulator 1C for training, a user of simulator 1C can experience operating syringes on the blood removal side and blood return side when only the blood removal side lumen 151A is blocked out of the blood removal side lumen 151A and the blood return side lumen 151V.

[0068] <Modification> (1) In the above, an example was described in which artificial skin 40 is attached to the outer surface 312 of main body 31, but this is not limiting. Artificial skin 40 may be attached to the outer surface of lid 32 (the surface opposite to the inner surface on the main body 31 side). In this case, through-holes 31h, 40h for inserting catheter 15 into container 30 may be formed in lid 32 and artificial skin 40 at the same positions in a top view of container 30.

[0069] (2) In the above description, an example was given in which the container 30 includes the hinge portion 33, but the container 30 does not necessarily have to include the hinge portion 33.

[0070] (3) In the above description, the liquid bag 60 containing the blood-simulating liquid 61 is housed in the container 30. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the following configurations (i) and (ii) may be used.

[0071] (i) The liquid 61 may be sealed in the container 30 itself, rather than in the liquid bag 60. In this case, the container 30 must be configured to be liquid-tight so that the liquid 61 does not leak out. However, this configuration has the advantage of eliminating the need for the liquid bag 60, thereby reducing the number of parts.

[0072] (ii) For example, a through hole is provided in the lid 32 in addition to the through holes 31h and 40h. A tube that is in fluid communication with a pump device is inserted into the through hole. By connecting the tube to the catheter 15, the liquid is fluidly connected to the catheter. In this case, by using the pump device to flow the liquid at a flow rate that mimics pulsation so that the tube resembles a blood vessel, it is possible to perform a simulation that is closer to the human body.

[0073] (4) In the above, by using the artificial skin 40 as an example of a sheet, it is possible to perform a simulation that is closer to the human body. However, this is not limited to this, and various sheets other than the artificial skin 40 may be used instead of the artificial skin 40.

[0074] <Additional Notes> This section explains the complication simulator. The simulator includes components such as a torso simulator, a catheter assembly for hemodialysis, blood paste (fake blood), synthetic pus, sutures, and a wound dressing (covering material). Below, we explain the simulator that simulates four conditions. Note that a central venous catheter (CVC) is used as the catheter.

[0075] (1) Infectious disease Figure 11 shows a CVC simulator with an infectious disease that simulates an infectious disease. As shown in Figure 11, artificial skin 1100 is attached to a torso simulator 1000. An area 1101 that simulates an infectious disease is formed on the artificial skin 1100. Such a simulator is made as follows.

[0076] Step 1: Drill holes in the artificial skin sheet. Step 2: Insert a hemodialysis catheter through the hole in the artificial skin sheet.

[0077] Step 3: Insert catheter 15 into the internal jugular vein of torso simulator 1000. Step 4: Surgically suture the puncture site.

[0078] Step 5: Fake blood is diluted and applied around the catheter site to simulate inflammation. Step 6: Apply synthetic pus to the catheter site to simulate the pus of an infection.

[0079] Step 7: Apply a dressing to cover the catheter site. (2) Bleeding due to sutures Figure 12 shows a CVC simulator with bleeding due to suturing. As shown in Figure 12, fake blood is applied to torso simulator 1000 to simulate bleeding due to suturing. Fake blood 1211 is applied around puncture site 1201 after suturing to simulate bleeding. Fake blood 1212 is applied around puncture site 1202 after suturing with suture 1203 to simulate bleeding. Such a simulator is made as follows.

[0080] Step 1: Insert a hemodialysis catheter 15 into the internal jugular vein of the torso simulator. Step 2: Suture the puncture site. (Step 2A: Suture the insertion site. Step 2B: Suture the tunnel exit site.) Step 3: Apply fake blood to the puncture site and catheter site to simulate bleeding.

[0081] Step 4: Apply a dressing to cover the catheter site. (3) Cuff protrusion Figure 13 shows a CVC simulator with a protruding cuff. As shown in Figure 13, part of the cuff 17, which should be placed inside the body, is protruding outside the body. Such a simulator can be made as follows.

[0082] Step 1: Insert a hemodialysis catheter 15 into the internal jugular vein of the torso simulator 1000.

[0083] Step 2: Pull back the catheter slightly so that the cuff 17 (see Figure 1) is visible outside the skin.

[0084] Step 3: Simulate slight bleeding by applying fake blood to the catheter site. Step 4: Apply a dressing to cover the catheter site.

[0085] (4) Incorrect position of the catheter tip Figure 14 is a diagram showing the simulator when the tip of catheter 15 is in the correct position. As shown in Figure 14, first portion 15a on the tip side of catheter 15 reaches the inside of the right atrium. More specifically, the correct position is a position that does not contact the wall surface inside the right atrium.

[0086] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a simulator in which the tip of catheter 15 is in an incorrect position. As shown in FIG. 15, first portion 15a on the tip side of catheter 15 is in the superior vena cava. Specifically, in the simulator in FIG. 15, the tip of catheter 15 is located in the superior vena cava, several centimeters away from the right atrium. More specifically, this simulator simulates a situation in which the tip of catheter 15 was originally placed in the right atrium after passing through the superior vena cava, which is the correct position, but for some reason in daily life it has risen to the incorrect position shown in FIG. 15. The method for creating a simulator in which the catheter tip is in an incorrect position as shown in FIG. 15 is as follows.

[0087] Step 1: Use the torso simulator 1000 with the anatomical block. Step 2: Insert a catheter 15 for hemodialysis into the internal jugular vein of the anatomical block.

[0088] Step 3: The catheter 15 is allowed to exit by pulling it back from its position in the right atrium.

[0089] Step 4: Apply a dressing to cover the catheter site. The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the scope of the claims, and it is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0090] 1, 1A, 1B, 1C simulator, 10 catheter assembly, 11A, 11V hub, 12A, 12V branch tube, 13 branch portion, 14 rotor, 15, 915 catheter, 15a first part, 15b second part, 16A, 16V plug, 17 cuff, 18A, 18V clamp, 20A, 20V syringe, 21 syringe, 22 plunger, 23 gasket, 24 flange, 30 container, 31 main body, 31h, 40h through hole, 32 lid, 33 hinge portion, 40, 1100 artificial skin, 50 tape, 51h opening, 60 liquid bag, 61 liquid, 121A, 121V flow path, 150A, 150V open end, 151A, 151V lumen, 311 Inner surface, 312 outer surface, 510, 520, 530, 540 occlusion member, 521, 522, 523 tubing, 524 three-way valve, 525, 526, 542, 543 cable tie, 541 sleeve, 901, 902, 903 clot, 1000 torso simulator, 1101 site, 1201, 1202 puncture site, 1203 suture, 1211, 1212 fake blood, 5211, 5212, 5221, 5222, 5231, 5232 end, 5241 first port, 5242 second port, 5243 third port, D1 first direction, D2 second direction.

Claims

1. A seat and a container having a lid and a body; a catheter assembly having a catheter at its distal end through which a fluid flows and a medical device that can be fluidly connected to the catheter at its proximal end; a first member of the lid or the main body having an inner surface facing a second member of the other of the lid or the main body and an outer surface opposite to the inner surface; The sheet is attached to the outer surface, a through-hole for inserting the catheter into the container is formed in each of the first member and the sheet at the same position in a top view of the container, At least a portion of the catheter is inserted into the container from the distal end side through each of the through holes, The simulator further comprises a third member in the container that restricts at least one of a flow of the fluid in the catheter in a first direction from inside the container to outside the container and a flow of the fluid in the catheter in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

2. The catheter is formed with a first lumen for blood removal and a second lumen for blood return, through which the fluid flows, respectively; The simulator of claim 1 , wherein the third member restricts flow of the fluid in the first and second lumens in the first and second directions.

3. The simulator according to claim 2 , wherein the third member is an occlusion member that occludes the first lumen and the second lumen.

4. The catheter is formed with a first lumen for blood removal and a second lumen for blood return, through which the fluid flows, respectively; The simulator of claim 1 , wherein the third member restricts only the first direction of flow of the fluid in the first and second lumens.

5. a check valve installed in the container; a first tube connecting the first and second lumens to the check valve; 5. The simulator of claim 4, wherein the check valves prevent the fluid from flowing in the first direction and allow the fluid to flow in the second direction in the first and second lumens.

6. The catheter is formed with a first lumen for blood removal and a second lumen for blood return, through which the fluid flows, respectively; The simulator of claim 1 , wherein the third member restricts flow of the fluid in one of the first and second lumens in the first and second directions.

7. the catheter has a first open end of the first lumen and a second open end of the second lumen at a distal end side of the catheter; the second lumen extends closer to the distal end of the catheter than the first lumen; 7. The simulator according to claim 6, wherein the third member is an occlusion member that occludes only the second lumen of the first lumen and the second lumen at a position between the first open end and the second open end of the catheter.

8. the catheter has a first open end of the first lumen and a second open end of the second lumen at a distal end side of the catheter; the second lumen extends closer to the distal end of the catheter than the first lumen; The simulator according to claim 6 , wherein the third member is a covering member that covers only the first opening end of the first opening end and the second opening end.

9. a liquid-filled bag contained within the container; a second tube connected to the check valve; the first tube and the second tube communicate with each other in a direction from the first tube side to the second tube side via the check valve, The simulator of claim 5 , wherein the second tube is inserted into the bag.

10. a liquid-filled bag contained within the container; 9. The simulator according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the catheter is inserted into the bag so that the first open end and the second open end are located within the bag.

11. The simulator of claim 1 , wherein the first member is opaque.

12. The simulator of claim 1 , further comprising the medical device.

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