Firefighting training system

Abstract

To provide a firefighting training system enabling comprehensive training of how to extinguish a fire as well as how firefighters should act at fire scenes.SOLUTION: A firefighting training system 10 includes a simulated fire extinguisher 100 having a shape simulating a fire extinguisher and capable of detecting at least operations of a fire extinguishing agent ejection lever 101 and a hose 102 by a trainee, a smoke / flame image forming unit 205 for forming a smoke / flame image based on the detected operations of the ejection lever 101 and the hose 102, a composite image forming unit 206 for forming a composite image formed by combining an environmental image of a fire scene and the smoke / flame image formed by the smoke / flame image forming unit 205, a display 202 for displaying the composite image, and a presentation unit (presentation information control unit 207) that presents action instructions to the trainee 1 on the basis of a relation of the smoke / flame image to the environmental image included in the composite image.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a firefighting training system using a simulated fire extinguisher. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, there has been a fire-fighting training system that uses a simulated fire extinguisher. This type of fire-fighting training system, as described in Patent Document 1, for example, displays virtual smoke and flames and changes the virtual smoke and flames based on the user's operation of the simulated fire extinguisher. In other words, if the user operates the simulated fire extinguisher appropriately, the virtual smoke and flames are displayed in a reduced size, and if the user does not operate the simulated fire extinguisher appropriately, the virtual smoke and flames are displayed in an enlarged size. Patent Document 1 uses so-called AR (Augmented Reality) technology, which enables realistic fire-fighting training. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-21560 [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] Architectural Environmental Engineering and Building Equipment Engineering, Fundamentals of Ventilation Equipment [Last Update 2015 / 04 / 30] [Non-patent document 2] Fire and Disaster Management Agency Commissioner's Report on the Investigation into the Cause of the Building Fire in Kita Ward, Osaka City, June 21, 2022, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Incidentally, the conventional fire-fighting training system such as that disclosed in Patent Document 1 is very useful as training for extinguishing a fire.

[0006] However, it is still considered insufficient to provide comprehensive training for firefighters on how to act in an actual fire scene.

[0007] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above points, and provides a fire-fighting training system that not only provides training for extinguishing fires but also comprehensive training for firefighters on how to act at the scene of a fire. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] One aspect of the fire fighting training system of the present disclosure comprises: A simulated fire extinguisher having a shape simulating a fire extinguisher and capable of detecting at least the operation of a fire extinguishing agent spray lever and a hose by a training subject; a smoke and flame image forming unit that forms a smoke and flame image based on the detected operation of the injection lever and the hose; a composite image forming unit that forms a composite image by combining an environmental image of the fire scene and the smoke and flame image formed by the smoke and flame image forming unit; a display for displaying the composite image; a presentation unit that presents an action instruction to the trainee based on a relationship of the smoke and flame image with respect to the environmental image included in the composite image; Equipped with. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide not only training in how to extinguish a fire, but also comprehensive training in how firefighters should act at the scene of a fire. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] Figure showing the fatality rate in residential fires by stage [Figure 2] Diagram showing causes of death in building fires [Figure 3] Diagram showing the effects of carbon monoxide on the human body [Figure 4] An example of the change in carbon monoxide concentration over time [Figure 5] A graph showing the change in probability of evacuation over time [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a firefighting training using the firefighting training system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a firefighting training system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of the operation of a fire extinguishing training system according to an embodiment. [Figure 9] A diagram showing the image displayed when checking the location of the fire (120 seconds after the fire started) [Figure 10] A diagram showing the display image at the start of initial fire extinguishing (140 seconds after the fire started) [Figure 11] A diagram showing the display image when fire extinguishing fails (155 seconds after the fire started) [Figure 12] A diagram showing the image displayed after further time has passed since the fire failed to be extinguished (159 seconds after the fire started). [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an attachment according to an embodiment; [Figure 14] A perspective view showing the attachment with the hose and controller attached. [Figure 15] Exploded perspective view of the attachment [Figure 16] A perspective view of the controller in hand DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] <1> background Before describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the background to the present disclosure will be described.

[0012] The inventors of the present disclosure have extensive experience in firefighting activities and have thoroughly studied conventional firefighting training systems that use simulated fire extinguishers and virtual images, resulting in the realization of a system that can conduct highly meaningful firefighting training that saves lives.

[0013] <1-1> Deaths in residential fires by type of fire First, the inventors focused on the fatality rate in residential fires over time. Figure 1 is a pie chart showing the fatality rate in residential fires over time. Note that Figure 1 is based on residential fires that occurred in 2021, as published in the Fire and Disaster Management Agency's Fire and Disaster Management Agency's Fire and Disaster Management Agency White Paper 2022. The data in Figure 1 excludes arson suicides and other incidents.

[0014] The inventor noticed that, looking at the process leading to death in residential fires shown in Figure 1, 48.9% of deaths were due to insufficient evacuation, and of those, 5.1% died because they tried to extinguish the fire but were unable to do so in time. This means that there are cases where it is difficult to transition from extinguishing the fire to evacuating. In addition, among the other 446 deaths, there were cases where people failed to extinguish the fire initially, called the fire department, or were unable to evacuate because they were trying to rescue others. If these cases are included, the number of deaths due to insufficient evacuation caused by firefighting efforts accounts for approximately 10%.

[0015] <1-2>Causes of death in building fires The inventors also focused on causes of death in building fires. Figure 2 shows the causes of death in building fires that occurred in 2021, as published in the Fire and Disaster Management Agency's Fire and Disaster Management Agency's Fire and Disaster Management Agency's Fire and Disaster Management Agency's Fire and Disaster Management Agency White Paper for 2022. Figure 2 reveals that 429 of the 1,165 fatalities in building fires were due to carbon monoxide poisoning. This percentage is estimated to be even higher if those who were unable to escape due to CO poisoning are included. In other words, many of those who died from burns had CO-HB levels exceeding 50%, and there are many cases in which victims lost consciousness due to toxic gases such as CO and subsequently sustained burns. Even today, autopsy reports often list deaths as caused by burning, without examining blood samples. Therefore, it is believed that many of those whose cause of death is listed as burns actually died from carbon monoxide poisoning.

[0016] <1-3> Consideration of evacuation timing Furthermore, the inventors have considered the relationship between firefighting activities and appropriate evacuation timing.

[0017] Figure 3 shows the effects of carbon monoxide on the human body. Figure 3 shows numerical values ​​found in Non-Patent Document 1. The numerical values ​​in Figure 3 are merely an example, and the numerical values ​​for the effects of carbon monoxide on the human body vary, for example, depending on the Japan Association of Fire Safety, the Medical Association, and the Society of Emergency Medicine. According to these sources, when the carbon monoxide concentration exceeds approximately 3,000 ppm, death can occur within approximately 30 minutes. However, in past fires that spread quickly, such as gasoline arson, fatalities have occurred when people collapsed and died while evacuating, suggesting there was no time to spare.

[0018] Figure 4 is a graph showing an example of changes in carbon monoxide concentration over time. Figure 4 is described in Non-Patent Document 2. Specifically, the graph simulates the carbon monoxide concentration in the waiting room of a clinic that was hit by a gasoline arson fire that occurred on the fourth floor of the Dojima Kita Building at 1-3-17 Sonezaki-Shinchi, Kita-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture on December 17, 2021. Note that carbon monoxide concentration generally increases the higher the height from the floor, so to represent this, carbon monoxide concentrations at heights of 0.3 m, 1.0 m, and 1.8 m above the floor were simulated.

[0019] The inventors have inferred that the time available for evacuation will be as shown by curve K1 in Figure 5, based on the effects of carbon monoxide on the human body as shown in Figure 3, the change in carbon monoxide concentration over time during a fire as shown in Figure 4, and the increase in carbon dioxide, cyanide, and sulfur-based gases and the decrease in oxygen, all of which occur almost simultaneously. Curve K1 in Figure 5 shows the change in the probability of evacuation over time. As can be seen from curve K1 in Figure 5, the possibility of evacuation drops sharply around 160 seconds after the start of a fire.

[0020] Based on the above considerations, the inventors came to the conclusion that in firefighting training that assumes the rapid spread of a fire, such as a gasoline arson, it is extremely important not only to train in how to put out the fire, but also to train in when to evacuate, and have therefore come to this disclosure.

[0021] One feature of the present disclosure is that training subjects are provided with action instructions such as evacuation instructions.

[0022] Another feature of the present disclosure is that the timing for presenting action instructions such as evacuation instructions is determined based on a virtual smoke and flame image that reflects the fire-fighting operations of the trainee.

[0023] This allows trainees to experience what actions to take in different situations and at different times, significantly reducing the chances of dying in an actual fire due to being unable to escape.

[0024] <2> Embodiment Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0025] <2-1> Overall structure of the firefighting training system 6 is a diagram showing a fire-fighting training using the fire-fighting training system of the embodiment. The fire-fighting training system 10 includes a simulated fire extinguisher 100 operated by a trainee 1 and an HMD (Head Mounted Display) 200 worn on the head of the trainee 1. The simulated fire extinguisher 100 has a shape that imitates an actual fire extinguisher, and includes a cylinder 110, a lever 101, a hose 102, and a safety valve (not shown). A controller 300 is mechanically coupled to the hose 102 of the simulated fire extinguisher 100.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a firefighting training system 10 according to this embodiment.

[0027] When the trainee 1 grips the lever 101 for spraying the fire extinguisher, the simulated fire extinguisher 100 wirelessly transmits a signal indicating this from the transmitter 103 to the HMD 200.

[0028] The controller 300 includes an operation unit 301, a gyro sensor (hereinafter abbreviated as "gyro") 302, and a transmission unit 303. The operation unit 301 is, for example, an operation button or a jog dial, and receives operations from the trainee 1. The gyro 302 detects the direction of the hose 102. An operation signal output from the operation unit 301 and a detection signal output from the gyro 302 are wirelessly transmitted from the transmission unit 303 to the HMD 200.

[0029] The HMD 200 includes a control unit 210, a camera 201, a display 202, a communication unit 203, a basic smoke flame image storage unit 204, a smoke flame image formation unit 205, a composite image formation unit 206, a presentation information control unit 207, and a speaker 208. The control unit 210 controls the overall operation of the HMD 200.

[0030] Here, the HMD 200 of this embodiment performs so-called AR (Augmented Reality) display, in which various information such as virtual smoke and flame images is added to and displayed on an image of the real environment in front of the trainee 1.

[0031] The camera 201 captures an image in front of the trainee 1. The display 202 is provided in a position within the field of view of the trainee 1. The communication unit 203 wirelessly receives signals from the transmission unit 103 of the simulated fire extinguisher 100 and the transmission unit 303 of the controller 300. The communication unit 203 can also be wirelessly connected to an external server or the like.

[0032] The basic smoke and flame image storage unit 204 stores model images of flames and smoke when a fire breaks out as basic smoke and flame images. Specifically, the spread of flames and smoke over time after a fire breaks out is stored as time-varying image data. For example, the basic smoke and flame image storage unit 204 stores video data showing the spread of flames and smoke over time.

[0033] The basic smoke and flame images stored in the basic smoke and flame image storage unit 204 can also be acquired from an external server or the like via the communication unit 203. In this way, basic smoke and flame images of various patterns can be stored in the basic smoke and flame image storage unit 204. For example, the way flames and smoke spread over time differs between a wooden building and a concrete building. By storing various patterns of smoke and flame images in the basic smoke and flame image storage unit 204, it is possible to simulate various patterns of fires.

[0034] The smoke and flame image forming unit 205 inputs the basic smoke and flame image from the basic smoke and flame image storage unit 204, and also inputs the fire extinguisher operation information from the simulated fire extinguisher 100 and the controller 300 via the communication unit 203. Here, the fire extinguisher operation information is the operation information of the lever 101 from the transmission unit 103 and the information of the gyro 302 from the transmission unit 303 (i.e., information on the direction of the hose 102).

[0035] The smoke and flame image forming unit 205 forms a smoke and flame image by changing the basic smoke and flame image based on the fire extinguisher operation information. Specifically, when the lever 101 is not gripped or the direction of the hose 102 is significantly deviated from the direction of the flame, the smoke and flame image forming unit 205 forms a smoke and flame image in which the flame and smoke spread over time without changing the basic smoke and flame image.

[0036] On the other hand, when the lever 101 is gripped and the direction of the hose 102 (i.e., the direction of the extinguishing agent) is pointed toward the flames, the smoke and flame image forming unit 205 forms a smoke and flame image consisting of flames and smoke being extinguished by the extinguishing agent.

[0037] In this way, the smoke and flame image forming unit 205 forms a smoke and flame image showing the flame and smoke spreading over time, or a smoke and flame image showing the flame and smoke shrinking over time, based on the orientation of the hose 102 relative to the flame and the size of the flame when the hose 102 is pointed. The speed at which the flame and smoke spread or shrink in relation to the relationship between the flame and smoke and the extinguishing agent can be simulated from an actual fire, so the smoke and flame image forming unit 205 forms a smoke and flame image by performing a calculation that simulates an actual fire. The smoke and flame image also includes a virtual image of the sprayed extinguishing agent. The virtual image of the extinguishing agent can be formed based on the orientation of the hose 102.

[0038] The composite image forming unit 206 combines the captured image obtained by the camera 201 with the smoke and flame image formed by the smoke and flame image forming unit 205. As a result, the smoke and flame image is superimposed on the environmental image in front of the trainee 1 (the image captured by the camera 201), forming a simulated image that makes it appear as if a fire is occurring in front of the trainee 1. The simulated image (composite image) obtained by the composite image forming unit 206 is output to and displayed on the display 202.

[0039] Furthermore, the simulated image (composite image) obtained by the composite image forming unit 206 is output to the presented information control unit 207. The presented information control unit 207 presents action instructions to the training subject 1 based on the relationship of the smoke and flame image to the environmental image included in the simulated image (composite image).

[0040] Specifically, when the smoke and flame image has a predetermined relationship with the environmental image included in the simulated image (synthetic image), the presentation information control unit 207 presents the action instructions as an image from the display 202, or presents the action instructions as audio from the speaker 208.

[0041] Each of the smoke and flame image forming unit 205 and the presentation information control unit 207 has, as its main components, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The CPU reads a program corresponding to the processing content from the ROM, loads it into the RAM, and works with the loaded program to realize the above-mentioned smoke and flame image forming processing and presentation information control processing. All or part of the smoke and flame image forming unit 205 may be formed by a hardwired circuit such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).

[0042] <2-2> Operation of the fire extinguishing training system Next, the operation of the firefighting training system 10 of this embodiment will be described.

[0043] Fig. 8 is a sequence diagram showing an example of the operation of the fire extinguishing training system 10. In Fig. 8, the vertical axis is the time axis, and the horizontal axis shows the overall flow of the training, the status of smoke and flame images, display comments, and the status of the indicator lamps.

[0044] First, the fire extinguishing training system 10 enters a fire outbreak state when the trainee 1 operates the training start button included in the operation unit 301 of the controller 300 (0 second). At this time, a signal indicating the start of training is transmitted from the transmission unit 303 of the controller 300 to the HMD 200. Then, the control unit 210 of the HMD 200 controls the speaker 208 to activate the automatic fire alarm system from the speaker 208 5 seconds after the fire outbreak and to output a fire announcement from the speaker 208 40 seconds after the fire outbreak. The control unit 210 of the HMD 200 also controls the display 202 to display a comment such as "Fire Spot Check" on the display 202 and to flash a yellow lamp. This allows the trainee 1 to know that a fire has occurred through audio and images.

[0045] When 120 seconds have passed since the fire broke out, the location of the fire is confirmed by the training subject 1. Of course, the time required to confirm the location of the fire is not limited to 120 seconds. In the embodiment, the average time required from the outbreak of a fire to confirming the location of the fire is generally 120 seconds, so the time is set to 120 seconds, but this value can be set appropriately by a system administrator or the like.

[0046] When the location of the fire is confirmed by the trainee 1, the trainee 1 carries the simulated fire extinguisher 100 to the location of the fire.

[0047] 9 shows the image displayed on the display 202 at this time. Along with the initial smoke and flame image, the display 202 displays a comment saying "Hurry and put out the fire early!" and a yellow flashing light. Here, the smoke and flame image is a composite image formed by the composite image forming unit 206 combining an environmental image with the smoke and flame image, and the comment and light are images controlled by the presentation information control unit 207.

[0048] When 140 seconds have passed since the fire broke out, the trainee 1 starts spraying the fire extinguisher. Specifically, the trainee 1 removes the safety valve of the simulated fire extinguisher 100 and then grips the lever 101. The trainee 1 also points the hose 102 (controller 300) toward the flames in the smoke and flame image to perform simulated fire extinguishing.

[0049] Fig. 10 shows the image displayed on the display 202 at this time. In reality, the display 202 also displays an image of the extinguishing agent being sprayed, but in Fig. 10 and other figures, the extinguishing agent is omitted to make the illustration easier to understand. Along with the smoke and flame image, the display 202 displays a comment saying "Danger approaching!" and a yellow lit lamp. As described above, the smoke and flame image is a composite image formed by combining the environmental image and the smoke and flame image by the composite image forming unit 206, and the comment and lamp are images controlled by the presentation information control unit 207.

[0050] When 155 seconds have passed since the fire broke out, it is determined whether the training subject 1 has failed or succeeded in extinguishing the fire. The presentation information control unit 207 determines whether the fire has been extinguished successfully or unsuccessfully based on the size of the smoke and flame image.

[0051] In this embodiment, the presentation information control unit 207 determines whether or not the fire extinguishing has failed based on the distance of the flame from the ceiling and the distance of the smoke from the floor. For example, the presentation information control unit 207 determines that the fire extinguishing has failed when the distance of the flame from the ceiling is equal to or less than a first threshold value or when the distance of the smoke from the floor is equal to or less than a second threshold value.

[0052] 11 shows an image displayed on the display 202 when it is determined that fire extinguishing has failed. Along with the smoke and flame image, the display 202 displays a comment saying "Evacuation in danger!" and a red flashing light. As described above, the smoke and flame image is a composite image formed by combining an environmental image and a smoke and flame image by the composite image forming unit 206, and the comment and light are images controlled by the presentation information control unit 207.

[0053] On the other hand, when it is determined that the fire has been successfully extinguished, the presentation information control unit 207 displays a comment "Evacuation guidance begins" on the display 202, and prompts the trainee 1 to begin evacuation guidance.

[0054] When 159 seconds have passed since the fire broke out (i.e., immediately after it is determined that the fire has failed and an evacuation instruction has been displayed), an image such as that shown in Fig. 12 is displayed on display 202. Along with an image of smoke and flames (a cloudy yellow-brown color), display 202 displays the message "Evacuate immediately!" and a red light.

[0055] When 160 seconds have passed since the start of the fire, evacuation becomes difficult, and when 165 seconds have passed, evacuation reaches its limit. At this time, the smoke and flame image turns completely black, and the display control unit 207 displays the message "Evacuate immediately!" on the display 202.

[0056] In this way, the fire-fighting training system 10 of this embodiment is provided with a presentation information control unit 207 that presents action instructions to the trainee 1, such as instructing them to stop extinguishing the fire and begin evacuating, based on the relationship between the environmental image (an image that includes the ceiling and floor) and the smoke and flame image. This allows the trainee 1 to experience what action to take depending on the relationship between the environmental image and the smoke and flame image, thereby significantly reducing the probability of being unable to escape in time and dying in an actual fire.

[0057] <2-3> Controller 120 attachment configuration As described above, the controller 300 of this embodiment is mechanically coupled to the vicinity of the tip of the hose 102 by a dedicated attachment.

[0058] Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the attachment 400 of this embodiment. Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing the attachment 400 with the hose 102 and the controller 300 attached thereto.

[0059] The attachment 400 has, broadly speaking, a first engagement portion 410 that engages with the controller 300, a second engagement portion 420 that engages with the hose 102, and a connecting portion 430 that connects the first engagement portion 410 and the second engagement portion 420.

[0060] The first engagement part 410 has a fitting hole 411. The base part of the controller 300 fits into the fitting hole 411, thereby fixing the controller 300 to the first engagement part 410. The second engagement part 420 has a fitting hole 421. The hose 102 fits into the fitting hole 421, thereby fixing the hose 102 to the second engagement part 420. The axial directions of the fitting hole 411 and the fitting hole 421 are the same.

[0061] The connecting portion 430 has a rectangular opening 431 formed therein.

[0062] 15 is an exploded perspective view of attachment 400. As can be seen from the figure, attachment 400 is configured by joining two separate members 401 and 402. When separated into two separate members 401 and 402, controller 300 and hose 201 are abutted at positions corresponding to fitting holes 411 and 421, respectively, and fastened together with bolts 451 and nuts 452, thereby joining the two separate members 401 and 402. In this way, attachment 400 mechanically joins controller 300 and hose 102.

[0063] 16 is a perspective view showing a state in which the trainee 1 is holding the controller 300 during training. The trainee 1 can hold the controller 300 by placing the thumb along the top of the controller 300 and wrapping the other fingers around the bottom of the controller 300.

[0064] At this time, the trainee 1 inserts at least one of the fingers (three fingers in the illustrated example) wrapped around the underside of the controller 300 into the opening 431. This allows the trainee 1 to hold the controller 300 and the attachment 400 without being aware of the attachment 400, as if he or she were holding only the controller 300.

[0065] When the trainee 1 grips the controller 300 and the attachment 400 with the operating surface of the controller 300 facing upward, the hose 102 is positioned directly below the controller 300. In addition, the longitudinal direction of the controller 300 and the longitudinal direction of the hose 102 coincide with each other.

[0066] This allows the trainee 1 to perform simulated fire extinguishing by holding the controller 300 integrated with the hose 102 and pointing the controller 200 at the flame as if pointing the hose 102 at the flame. As a result, the trainee 1 can operate the controller 300 with his / her thumb while performing simulated fire extinguishing, which makes it easy to change the operation and settings of the HMD 200 during fire extinguishing training, for example.

[0067] <2-3> Summary of implementation form As described above, one aspect of the fire extinguishing training system of this embodiment comprises a simulated fire extinguisher 100 that has a shape simulating a fire extinguisher and is capable of detecting at least the operation of the extinguishing agent spray lever 101 and hose 102 by the trainee, a smoke and flame image forming unit 205 that forms a smoke and flame image based on the detected operation of the spray lever 101 and hose 102, a composite image forming unit 206 that forms a composite image by combining an environmental image of the fire scene with the smoke and flame image formed by the smoke and flame image forming unit 205, a display 202 that displays the composite image, and a presentation unit (presentation information control unit 207) that presents action instructions to the trainee 1 based on the relationship of the smoke and flame image to the environmental image included in the composite image.

[0068] This allows the trainee 1 to experience what action to take depending on the relationship between the environmental image and the smoke and flame image.

[0069] In one aspect of the firefighting training system of this embodiment, the action instructions include evacuation instructions (for example, "Start evacuation in case of danger!", "Evacuate immediately!", flashing red lamp, lighting red lamp).

[0070] This allows training subject 1 to experience when it is appropriate to give up on extinguishing the fire and evacuate.

[0071] In addition, in one aspect of the fire-fighting training system of this embodiment, the environmental image includes images of the floor and ceiling of the room where the fire has occurred, and the presentation unit (presentation information control unit 207) presents the evacuation instruction when the distance between the floor included in the environmental image and the bottom end of the smoke included in the smoke and flame image is less than a predetermined value (1 m, 30 cm).

[0072] In this example, the system recommends evacuation when the distance between the floor and the smoke is 1 m, and commands evacuation when the distance between the floor and the smoke is 30 cm. This is based on the knowledge that the height of smoke and the height of carbon monoxide are almost the same, and is intended to prevent people from being late in escaping due to carbon monoxide poisoning.

[0073] In addition, one aspect of the fire-fighting training system of this embodiment is that the environmental image includes images of the floor and ceiling of the room where the fire has occurred, and the presentation unit (presentation information control unit 207) presents the evacuation instruction when the distance between the ceiling included in the environmental image and the upper end of the flame included in the smoke and flame image is less than a predetermined value (20 cm, 0).

[0074] In this example, evacuation is recommended when the distance between the ceiling and the flame is 20 cm, and evacuation is commanded when the ceiling and the flame come into contact with each other. This is based on the knowledge that once the flame reaches the ceiling, the speed at which the fire spreads increases dramatically.

[0075] <3> Other embodiments The above-described embodiments are merely examples of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by these embodiments. In other words, the present invention can be embodied in various forms without departing from the gist or main characteristics thereof.

[0076] In the above embodiment, the case where the action instruction is presented by an image on the display 202 has been described, but the action instruction is not limited to this, and may be presented by sound from the speaker 208.

[0077] In the above-described embodiment, the smoke and flame image forming unit 205, the composite image forming unit 206, the display 202, and the presentation information control unit 207 are described as being provided in the HMD 200, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the control unit 210, the communication unit 203, the basic smoke and flame image storage unit 204, the smoke and flame image forming unit 205, the composite image forming unit 206, and the presentation information control unit 207 shown in Fig. 7 may be provided in an information processing device such as a personal computer, and the camera 201 and the display 202 may be provided in an eyeglass-type device of the training recipient 1, so that the operation of the embodiment can be realized by wireless communication between the information processing device and the eyeglass-type device.

[0078] In the above-described embodiment, the present disclosure is described as being applied to a system that displays AR images. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this and can also be applied to systems that display images such as VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality), and SR (Substitutional Reality). For example, when applied to a system that displays MR images, an environmental image forming unit that forms a virtual environmental image can be provided instead of the camera 202 in FIG. 7. The environmental image forming unit then changes the environmental image in accordance with the head and eye movements of the training subject 1. In this way, the composite image forming unit 206 can obtain a VR image that combines the virtual environmental image with the virtual smoke and flame image.

[0079] In the above-described embodiment, the presentation unit (presentation information control unit 207) determines the type and timing of action instructions based on the distance between the floor and the bottom of the smoke and the distance between the ceiling and the top of the flame. However, the type and timing of action instructions may be determined based on either the distance between the floor and the bottom of the smoke or the distance between the ceiling and the top of the flame. Furthermore, the distances between the floor and the bottom of the smoke and the distance between the ceiling and the top of the flame in the above-described embodiment are merely examples. Essentially, action instructions may be presented to the trainee based on the relationship of the smoke and flame images to the environmental images contained in the composite image. For example, an evacuation instruction may be presented when the ratio of smoke and flame images to the environmental images is, for example, eight times or more. In other words, an evacuation instruction may be presented when the ratio of smoke to all images is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. [Industrial Applicability]

[0080] The fire-fighting training system of the present disclosure is useful as a fire-fighting training system using a simulated fire extinguisher. [Explanation of symbols]

[0081] 1. Training target 10. Firefighting Training System 100 Simulated fire extinguisher 101 Lever 102 Hose 103, 303 Transmission unit 200 Head-Mounted Display (HMD) 201 Camera 202 Display 203 Communications Department 204 Basic smoke and flame image memory 205 Flame image forming section 206 Composite image forming unit 207 Presentation information control unit 208 speakers 210 Control Unit 300 Controller 301 Operation section 302 Gyro 400 attachments 410 First engagement portion 411, 421 fitting holes 420 Second engagement portion 430 Connection section 431 Opening

Claims

1. A simulated fire extinguisher having a shape simulating a fire extinguisher and capable of detecting at least the operation of a fire extinguishing agent spray lever and a hose by a training subject; a smoke and flame image forming unit that forms a smoke and flame image based on the detected operation of the injection lever and the hose; a composite image forming unit that forms a composite image by combining an environmental image of the fire scene and the smoke and flame image formed by the smoke and flame image forming unit; a display for displaying the composite image; Equipped with the smoke and flame image forming unit forms a virtual smoke and flame image as the smoke and flame image, the composite image forming unit forms the composite image of AR (Augmented Reality) by combining the real environmental image with the virtual smoke and flame image based on the operation of the injection lever and the hose; Fire training system.

2. the smoke and flame image forming unit, the composite image forming unit, and the display are provided on a head-mounted display worn by the trainee, The dummy fire extinguisher includes a transmitter that wirelessly transmits information on the detected operation of the injection lever and the hose, the head-mounted display includes a communication unit that receives information about the operation from the transmitter of the simulated fire extinguisher, the smoke and flame image forming unit forms the smoke and flame image based on the information of the operation received by the communication unit.

10. The fire fighting training system of claim 1.

3. a presentation unit that presents an action instruction to the training subject based on a relationship of the smoke and flame image with respect to the environmental image included in the composite image; 10. The fire fighting training system of claim 1.

4. A controller and an attachment for fixing the controller to the hose of the mock fire extinguisher; Further provided with 3. A firefighting training system according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The attachment is a first engagement portion that engages with the controller; a second engagement portion that engages with the hose; a connecting portion that connects the first engaging portion and the second engaging portion; and The connecting portion has an opening formed therein through which a finger can be inserted.

5. The fire fighting training system of claim 4.

Images