Hydraulic composition, and method and kit for applying hardening paste using the same

Abstract

To provide a hydraulic composition that can be applied to hardening paste application, such as small to medium-sized anchor element fixing work and wide-area crack repair work, can always prepare a hardening paste of the same quality by uniformly mixing and kneading the hydraulic composition and water in a simple manner in a short time, and can be used to fix anchor elements in drilled holes and perform wide-area crack repair work, and a hardening paste application method using the same.SOLUTION: A hydraulic composition C1 contains hydraulic components containing portland cement, alumina cement, and a quick-setting agent, a viscosity adjuster, a setting adjuster, and fine aggregate. The hardening paste application method includes a step of absorbing water W into the hydraulic composition C1 to cause it to aggregate, a step of putting an aggregate Ca into a cylinder cartridge 300, a step of discharging a hardening paste C2 in which the hardening composition C1 and water W are mixed to an application location, and a step of hardening the hardening paste C2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydraulic composition used for fixing anchor elements such as reinforcing bars and anchor bolts to concrete structures or bedrock such as culverts, dam bodies, and buildings, repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks, or tiles, filling joints, sealing off leaks, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or creating or decorating fixtures, and to a hardening paste application method and hardening paste application kit using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to enhance the seismic strength and durability of existing concrete artificial structures such as culverts, dam bodies, tunnels, and buildings, reinforcement work to improve shear strength is being carried out. Furthermore, work is also being carried out to install structures such as rockfall protection nets and avalanche fences as needed on so-called lining concrete, which covers slopes to prevent them from collapsing. These work involves drilling cylindrical holes in the concrete skeleton or bedrock that forms the concrete structure using rotary tools such as drills or core boring machines, pouring a hardening composition into the holes, and then driving anchor elements such as rebar or anchor bolts into the holes to secure the composition in place.

[0003] Cement-containing hydraulic compositions are used as the setting composition for anchor element installation. In anchor element installation, the hydraulic composition is brought into contact with water to form a paste. This setting paste is then injected between the anchor element and the inner wall of the drilled hole, cured, and hardened to form a hardened product. The amount of water relative to the hydraulic composition is predetermined to ensure the hardened product exhibits the desired strength, and the two components must be mixed uniformly. This allows the anchor element to be fixed to the concrete skeleton, increasing the shear strength of existing concrete structures and allowing workpieces to be attached to them. Methods for installing such anchor elements can be classified into cartridge and pack methods.

[0004] The cartridge method is a method in which water is poured into a hydraulic composition contained in a hard cylindrical cartridge to prepare a hardening paste, while the pack method is a method in which a hydraulic composition contained in a pouch-like container is mixed with water in the pouch to prepare a hardening paste.

[0005] As an example of the cartridge method, Patent Document 1 describes a method in which water is poured from a discharge port into a hydraulic composition, which is a cement-based composition powder that is previously contained in a cylinder having a discharge port at one end, and then the cylinder cartridge is shaken by hand or vibrated mechanically to agitate the hydraulic composition and water, and the highly fluid cement paste thus prepared is extruded from the discharge port and injected into a drilled hole in a concrete structure, and an anchor element is inserted therein.

[0006] On the other hand, as a packing method, Patent Document 2 describes a method of using a pouch container, in which a hydraulic composition is placed in the upper storage section of a pouch container divided into two sections by a partition, the lower storage section of the pouch container containing water is removed by pulling the upper and lower ends of the pouch container, the hydraulic composition is dropped into the water, and then the pouch container is mixed by kneading or shaking it by hand or by vibrating it with a machine to prepare a hardenable paste.This method does not require a large-scale kneading device and can be easily applied to anchor element fixing work.

[0007] With the cartridge and pack methods, the cement paste filled in the drilled holes has high fluidity, so anchor elements can be manually driven into the drilled holes into which the cement paste has been poured without using any driving equipment. Also, since the cement paste can be poured into multiple drilled holes one after another in an assembly line operation, construction in multiple locations can be carried out in a short period of time.

[0008] However, with the cartridge system described in Patent Document 1, if the worker spills water when injecting it from the outlet, the amount of water already injected becomes unclear, and the required amount of water cannot be absorbed by the cementitious composition powder. Furthermore, when water is injected from the outlet, the water is unevenly distributed on the outlet side of the cementitious composition powder, so after injecting the water, the cylinder cartridge must be shaken and mixed to ensure uniform mixing. When an inexperienced worker shakes the cylinder cartridge by hand, insufficient mixing can result in incomplete mixing, or excessive air can be entrained if the mixing is excessive. Furthermore, if such a worker takes too long to mix, the cement paste will reach the initial stage of setting, losing its fluidity and making it impossible to inject into the drilled hole.

[0009] In addition, separation of the water and the cementitious composition powder occurs, causing the cement paste to not set within the expected time frame, or the resulting hardened product to not exhibit the expected strength. As a result, the cementitious composition in the cylinder can no longer be used to fix anchor elements and must be discarded. Disposal of the cementitious composition due to such operational errors results in unnecessary costs and increases industrial waste.

[0010] Furthermore, in the packing method described in Patent Document 2, only an amount of hydraulic composition can be accommodated that the partition can withstand, and since the amount of hydraulic composition in the pouch container is limited to a small amount, the amount of hardening paste that can be prepared is also limited to a small amount. Therefore, anchor element fixing and retention to which this packing method can be applied is limited to small-scale installations, for example, two to three to ten installation locations.

[0011] On the other hand, hardening compositions such as hydraulic compositions are used not only for anchor element fixing work, but also for repairing cracks in concrete structures, fixing bricks, blocks, and tiles and filling their joints, stopping water leaks, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to the surface of buildings for their interior and exterior decoration, or for creating or decorating fixtures. In these cases, a hardening paste prepared by mixing the hardening composition with a liquid agent is filled into areas where cracks are to be repaired, where bricks or other materials are to be installed, where joints are to be filled, where water leaks occur, where the ground or cavities are to be installed, or where fixtures are to be installed, and then hardened. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0012] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-147883 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-25424 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0013] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a hydraulic composition that can be applied to hardening paste construction, such as anchor element fixing work on a small scale as well as medium scale and wide-area crack repair work, and that can consistently prepare a hardening paste of consistent quality by uniformly mixing and kneading the hydraulic composition and water in a short time using a simple method, and that can be used to fix anchor elements in drilled holes and perform wide-area crack repair work, as well as a hardening paste construction method and hardening paste construction kit using the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] The hydraulic composition of the present invention, which has been made to achieve the above-mentioned object, is characterized by containing hydraulic components including Portland cement, alumina cement, and an accelerator, a viscosity modifier, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate having a particle size classification of No. 4 to No. 8 in accordance with JIS G5901 (2016). Specifically, it is characterized by containing hydraulic components including portland cement, alumina cement, quick-setting agents, and strength enhancers, a viscosity adjuster, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate. More specifically, the hydraulic composition is for sealing in a water-permeable cylindrical container or a bag-shaped pack, and includes a hydraulic component containing Portland cement, alumina cement, an accelerator, and a strength enhancer, a viscosity modifier, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate having a particle size classification of No. 4, No. 4.5, No. 5, or No. 5.5 according to JIS G5901 (2016), wherein the strength enhancer is at least one selected from silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and kaolin, and the Portland cement, the alumina cement, the accelerator, the viscosity modifier, the setting modifier, and the fine aggregate are contained in a mass ratio of 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40, and wherein naphthalene The hydraulic composition for filling a water-permeable cylindrical container or a bag-shaped pack is characterized in that it does not contain a delayed-type fluidizing agent that is a sulfonic acid-based fluidizing agent selected from sulfonic acid-formalin condensates, melamine sulfonic acid-formalin condensates, aromatic sulfonic acid-formalin condensates, polystyrene sulfonic acid, lignin sulfonic acid, and salts thereof, and a carboxylic acid-based fluidizing agent selected from polycarboxylic acids and salts thereof, and is for preparing a hardenable paste that hardens by setting.

[0015] This hydraulic composition is used, for example, for fixing anchor elements, repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks or tiles, filling joints, stopping water leakage, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or for making or decorating fixtures.

[0016] The hydraulic composition is characterized in that the viscosity modifier is a thickener containing at least one selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives selected from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose; natural polysaccharide derivatives containing at least one of the above cellulose derivatives; acrylamide; starch ether; and polyelectrolytes.

[0017] In this hydraulic composition, the setting regulator is a setting time regulator containing at least one selected from the group consisting of at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof selected from citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid; lignosulfonic acid or a salt thereof; a sugar alcohol selected from sorbitol, pentitol, and hexitol; a carbonate; and silica.

[0018] This hydraulic composition preferably contains the Portland cement, the alumina cement, the quick-setting admixture, the viscosity modifier, the setting retarder, and the fine aggregate in a mass ratio of 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30.

[0019] The hydraulic composition preferably does not contain a delayed superplasticizer. This hydraulic composition contains at least one strength-enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and kaolin. The bag-shaped pack for applying hardening paste has a bag body containing the hydraulic composition to be enclosed in the bag-shaped pack, and a port that connects the outside world with the interior space of the bag body at its upper edge. This hardening paste application bag does not contain any water in advance. In this bag-shaped pack for applying hardenable paste, for example, the width of the upper end edge portion and the opposing lower end edge portion of the bag body is shorter than the vertical length of the side edge portions. The bag-shaped pack for applying the hardenable paste has, for example, a width of 50 to 300 mm and a length of 100 to 500 mm. In this bag-shaped pack for applying hardening paste, for example, the mass of the hydraulic composition is 100 to 3000 g. In this bag-shaped pack for applying hardenable paste, the bag body is formed of, for example, a resin film. In this bag-shaped pack for applying a curable paste, for example, the film has a thickness of 100 to 250 μm.

[0020] The hardenable paste application method of the present invention, which has been made to achieve the above-mentioned object, comprises the steps of: bringing a hydraulic composition into contact with water and a fixative capsule in which the hydraulic composition is sealed in a water-permeable cylindrical container, thereby causing the hydraulic composition to absorb the water and agglomerate the hydraulic composition; removing the agglomerated hydraulic composition from the water-permeable cylindrical container and putting it into a cylinder cartridge having a tip at its front end and an opening at its base end, and then inserting through the opening a lid that moves within the cylinder cartridge toward the tip in response to pressure; pressing the lid to push the hydraulic composition out of the tip, thereby discharging a hardenable paste in which the hydraulic composition and the water are mixed onto an application site; and hardening the hardenable paste.

[0021] In this hardening paste application method, the step of discharging the paste at the application site includes a step of injecting the paste into a drilled hole opened in the concrete body, and the step of hardening the hardening paste includes a step of inserting an anchor element into the drilled hole while piercing the hardening paste, thereby allowing the anchor element to be fixed.

[0022] This hardenable paste application method may include stirring and agitating the aggregated hydraulic composition in the cylinder cartridge to disperse the hydraulic composition and prepare the hardenable paste.

[0023] In this hardening paste application method, a nozzle having an injection tube with an injection amount indication mark attached to the tip is attached to the cylinder tip, the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole to inject the hydraulic composition, and the cylinder cartridge is moved in a direction to remove the injection tube from the drilled hole, and the injection of the hydraulic composition is completed when the injection amount indication mark appears and disappears from the drilled hole.

[0024] This curable paste application method involves contacting the water with the fixative capsules for 3 to 5 minutes.

[0025] This method of applying a hardenable paste may include a step of cleaning the inner wall surface of the cylinder cartridge after the step of injecting.

[0026] In this method of applying a hardenable paste, the water-permeable cylindrical container may contain paper.

[0027] Another hardenable paste application method of the present invention includes the steps of: pouring water from a port into a pack having a bag containing a hydraulic composition and a port that connects the inside of the bag to the outside at its upper edge; attaching a cap to the port that prevents leakage of the hydraulic composition and the water, and applying an external force to the pack to mix the hydraulic composition and the water to prepare a hardenable paste; removing the cap and then crushing the bag to push out the hardenable paste from the port and discharge the hardenable paste from the port to an application location; and hardening the hardenable paste.

[0028] In this hardening paste application method, the step of discharging the hardening paste at the application site may include a step of injecting the paste into a drilled hole in the concrete body, and the step of hardening the hardening paste may include a step of inserting an anchor element into the drilled hole while piercing the hardening paste, thereby allowing the anchor element to be fixed in place.

[0029] In this method of applying a hardenable paste, the external force is preferably a pressing force of a tool and / or human force.

[0030] It is even more preferable that this hardenable paste application method has an injection connector attached to the port, with an injection tube having an injection amount indication mark fitted to the tip, and the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole to inject the hardenable paste while the pack is moved in the direction of removing the injection tube from the drilled hole, and the injection of the hardenable paste is completed when the injection amount indication mark appears and disappears from the drilled hole.

[0031] It is even more preferable that this hardenable paste application method involves ejecting the hardenable paste up to the tip of the injection tube, inserting the injection tube into the drilled hole and injecting the hardenable paste while moving the pack in a direction that removes the injection tube from the drilled hole, and pulling up the injection tube while squeezing it, and completing the injection of the hardenable paste when the injection amount indication mark appears and disappears from the drilled hole.

[0032] Even more preferably, this method of applying hardenable paste involves injecting hardenable paste into the drilled hole from the inside of the pack and the inside of the injection tube from the pack to the injection amount indication mark.

[0033] This hardenable paste application method may involve fitting a spout nozzle of a bottle containing the amount of water required to harden the hydraulic composition into the port, and then pouring the water into the pack.

[0034] In this hardening paste application method, for example, 20 to 40 parts by mass of the water is added per 100 parts by mass of the hydraulic composition.

[0035] The hardenable paste application kit of the present invention, which has been made to achieve the above-mentioned object, comprises a pack having a bag containing the hydraulic composition and a port that connects the inside of the bag to the outside at its upper edge, a bottle that contains or is intended to contain the amount of water required to harden the hydraulic composition, and a pouring nozzle that is fitted into the port and is attached to the spout of the bottle so as to pour the water into the pack.

[0036] It is even more preferable that this hardenable paste application kit separately comprises a cap that can be screwed or fitted onto the port and that seals the contained hydraulic composition and / or the paste mixed with the hydraulic composition and water, and an injection connector that can be screwed or fitted onto the port and that has an injection tube with an injection amount indication mark fitted to the tip.

[0037] This hardening paste application kit is intended for fixing anchor elements, for example.

[0038] In this hardening paste application kit, for example, the bag contains up to 3000 g of the hydraulic composition. [Effects of the Invention]

[0039] The hydraulic composition of the present invention is suitable for applying a hardening paste, particularly for fixing anchor elements, repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks, or tiles or filling joints, stopping water leaks, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or for making or decorating fixtures. By adding a predetermined amount of water to this hydraulic composition, a hardening paste having high fluidity and easy mixing when rubbed, shaken, vibrated, or kneaded can be prepared.

[0040] This hydraulic composition contains a viscosity modifier, which, when converted into a hardening paste, provides adequate fluidity for easy injection into drilled holes and adequate viscosity to prevent spillage even when injected into upward-facing drilled holes. Use of this composition prevents anchor elements from coming loose and ensures a secure anchoring. Furthermore, this composition is highly versatile and can be used in a variety of construction and production applications, including repairing cracks in concrete structures, fixing tiles, bricks, and blocks and filling their joints, sealing leaks, preparing grout for civil engineering and construction work such as ground improvement and cavity filling, applying decorative mortar to the surface or wall of a building for its interior or exterior, and creating mortar shapes for artistic creation and decorative fixtures.

[0041] This hydraulic composition contains a setting regulator, which prevents heat generation and prevents cracks during expansion and cooling, and is slow to harden until construction begins, but hardens quickly during curing after injection. In particular, when used to fix anchor elements, the setting is delayed, so that the hardening paste is slow to harden until it is injected into the drilled hole, but hardens quickly during curing after injection.

[0042] Furthermore, since the resulting hardenable paste contains relatively coarse fine aggregate with a particle size classification of No. 4 to No. 8, when used to fix anchor elements, the unevenness of the inner surface of the drilled hole and the unevenness of the anchor elements make it easy for the fine aggregate to get caught, compressing them like a wedge and making it difficult for the anchor elements to come loose, ensuring a firm fixation.

[0043] The resulting hardenable paste can be easily injected into drilled holes to secure anchor elements such as rebar or anchor bolts in concrete structures or bedrock, such as culverts, dam bodies, and buildings. Furthermore, anchor elements can be manually driven into the drilled holes into which the hardenable paste has been injected without the use of driving equipment. Furthermore, since the hardenable paste can be injected into multiple drilled holes one after another in an assembly line process, construction work can be carried out in multiple locations in a short period of time. Furthermore, even large-scale or large-volume construction work, such as crack repair, fixing or filling joints between bricks, blocks, or tiles, watertightness of leaking areas, ground improvement, cavity filling, surface application of decorative mortar, wall plastering, or the creation or decoration of fixtures, can be carried out in a short period of time.

[0044] According to the hardening paste application method of the present invention, specifically the cartridge-type hardening paste application method, simply by bringing the fixing agent capsule containing the hydraulic composition described above, sealed in a water-permeable cylindrical container, into contact with water, the hydraulic composition absorbs the required amount of water exactly and evenly throughout, preventing mistakes such as overflowing or using the wrong amount of water and ensuring that the anchor element fixing method can be carried out reliably within the desired setting time. Furthermore, because the hydraulic composition absorbs water evenly, even an inexperienced worker who is not familiar with stirring the hydraulic composition can carry out the application easily and reliably.

[0045] This hardening paste application method involves a simple process in which the hydraulic composition coagulates by absorbing water, which is then picked up by hand and poured into a cylinder cartridge with a discharge port. This method does not require any special techniques and is not dependent on the skill level of the worker, allowing for a uniform injection-type post-installed anchor construction method. As a result, the anchor element can always be fixed to the concrete structure with the desired strength.

[0046] This hardenable paste application method includes a step of stirring and agitating the aggregated hydraulic composition in a cylinder cartridge, so that the aggregated hydraulic composition is uniformly dispersed to prepare a hardenable paste having appropriate fluidity, thereby significantly reducing the resistance to extrusion of the hardenable paste from the cylinder cartridge and reducing the burden on the worker.

[0047] If this hardenable paste application method includes a step of cleaning the inner wall surface of the cylinder cartridge after the step of injecting the hydraulic composition is completed, the cylinder cartridge can be reused, which contributes to reducing waste and costs.

[0048] In this hardening paste application method, if the water-permeable cylindrical container in which the hydraulic composition is sealed contains paper and is therefore easily breakable, the agglomerated hydraulic composition can be removed by simply breaking it by hand, and no tools are required, allowing the worker to carry out the application smoothly.

[0049] According to the hardenable paste application method of the present invention, specifically the pack-type hardenable paste application method, water is not pre-packed, but is added in the required amount when needed. This eliminates the need to separate the water and hydraulic composition with a partition, simplifying the pack structure and eliminating the problem of the partition coming off or loosening during transportation or storage, causing the two to come into contact. Furthermore, since there is no need to handle the pack carefully to prevent the partition from coming off, transportation and storage are simplified. Furthermore, without considering the load-bearing capacity of the partition, an appropriate amount of hydraulic composition can be stored in the pack depending on the construction scale, from small to medium, and an appropriate amount of hardenable paste can be prepared.

[0050] In the hardening paste application method, the hydraulic composition and water can be mixed to prepare the hardening paste by a very simple method such as stepping on, kneading or shaking the pack.

[0051] In both cartridge and pack methods, the hardening paste application method uses an injection tube with an injection amount indicator mark. The worker injects the hardening paste while moving the cylinder cartridge or pack in the direction of removing the injection tube from the hole drilled in the concrete frame. The injection is then stopped when the injection amount indicator mark appears and disappears from the hole opening. This simple procedure ensures that the correct amount of hardening paste is injected into the hole. This prevents excess hardening paste from overflowing the hole opening during the process of inserting the anchor element into the hole into which the hardening paste has been injected, resulting in economical savings and reduced waste. Furthermore, since there is no shortage of hardening paste, there is no need to inject additional hardening paste to make up for the shortfall in a later process, allowing for the anchor element installation work to proceed quickly.

[0052] Furthermore, by using this injection amount indication mark as a guide, the hardening paste can be injected into the drilled hole from the inside of the cylinder cartridge or pack and from the inside of the cylinder cartridge or pack to the injection amount indication mark on the injection tube.Since the injection amount does not vary from cylinder cartridge to cylinder cartridge, pack to pack, or worker to worker, a uniform amount can be injected into the drilled hole, allowing for repeated, uniform construction.

[0053] Maintaining a consistent discharge rate has been a major challenge for contractors and the construction industry, but this hardening paste application method solves this problem. Conventional methods for controlling the discharge rate involve attaching an injection rate indicator to the hose, manually squeezing the pack and pulling it up, and determining that dispensing is complete when the injection rate indicator appears and disappears from the opening of the drilled hole. This method results in variations in the speed of pulling up, and even if the mark appears and disappears from the opening of the drilled hole, it is not possible to guarantee that the required amount of hardening paste has entered the drilled hole. However, by adopting a method in which the hardening paste is first dispensed to the very tip of the injection tube, and then the tube is inserted into the drilled hole and then pulled up while squeezing the injection tube itself, only the amount of hardening paste that is squeezed enters the drilled hole, ensuring the required amount of hardening paste is dispensed, thereby achieving excellent discharge control.

[0054] Furthermore, the hardenable paste application kit of the present invention comprises a pack containing the hydraulic composition, a bottle that contains a predetermined amount of water in advance or that is empty so that it can be easily transported to the site and that contains a predetermined amount of water at the site when needed, and a pouring nozzle that is attached to the spout of the bottle in advance or that is attached when needed to fit into the port and pour water into the pack, thereby making it possible to carry out the hardenable paste application method described above easily, reliably, and in a short period of time.

[0055] In addition, this hardening paste application kit allows mixing and injection to be carried out quickly and easily by making the cap for enclosing the stored hydraulic composition or the paste obtained by mixing it with water, and the injection connector having an injection tube with an injection amount indication mark attached to the tip, interchangeably screwable or engageable with the port. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0056] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the first half of a method for fixing an anchor element by an example of a method for applying a hardening paste using a hydraulic composition according to the present invention (cartridge system). [Figure 2]FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating the latter half of the process of the anchor element fixing method according to an example of a hardening paste application method (cartridge system) using the hydraulic composition to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a hardenable paste kit having a hydraulic composition to which the present invention is applied, and the first half of the steps of a method for fixing an anchor element by another example (pack method) of a hardenable paste application method using the same. [Figure 4] 10 is a perspective view illustrating the middle step of a method for fixing an anchor element using another example (pack method) of a hardenable paste application method to which the present invention is applied. FIG. [Figure 5] 10 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view illustrating the latter half of the anchor element fixing method using another example (pack method) of the curable paste application method to which the present invention is applied. FIG. [Figure 6] 1 is a graph showing the results of a tensile strength test of anchors fixed to a concrete mass using the hydraulic compositions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and a graph showing the results of a linear expansion test of hardened bodies prepared using the hydraulic compositions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0057] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0058] The hydraulic composition of the present invention and an example of a method for applying a hardening paste using the same, particularly a cartridge-type hardening paste application method, will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0059] First, the hydraulic composition of the present invention will be described. Hydraulic composition C1 shown in Fig. 1(a) is contained in a water-permeable cylindrical container 110, and contains hydraulic components including Portland cement, alumina cement, and an accelerator, a viscosity modifier, a setting retarder, and fine aggregate.

[0060] The contents of portland cement, alumina cement, quick-setting admixture, viscosity modifier, setting retarder, and fine aggregate in the hydraulic composition C1 are preferably in a mass ratio of 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30.

[0061] For example, when Portland cement is used as a standard, the ratio of alumina cement: quick-setting admixture: viscosity modifier: set retarder: fine aggregate to 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 parts by mass of Portland cement is preferably 30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass, more preferably 30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0062] When alumina cement is used as a standard, the ratio of Portland cement: quick-setting admixture: viscosity modifier: set retarder: fine aggregate to 30, 40, 50, 60, or 70 parts by mass of alumina cement is preferably 20-60:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass, more preferably 20-50:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0063] When the quick-setting admixture is used as a standard, the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:viscosity modifier:setting retarder:fine aggregate to 10, 20, 30, or 40 parts by mass of the quick-setting admixture is preferably 20-60:30-70:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass, more preferably 20-50:30-60:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0064] When the viscosity modifier is used as a standard, the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:accelerating admixture:setting retarder:fine aggregate is preferably 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass per 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1.0 part by mass of the viscosity modifier.

[0065] When the set retarder is used as a standard, the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:accelerating agent:viscosity modifier:fine aggregate to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 parts by mass of set retarder is preferably 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:10-40 parts by mass, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0066] When fine aggregate is used as a standard, the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:accelerating agent:viscosity modifier:setting retarder to 10, 15, 20, or 30 parts by mass of fine aggregate is preferably 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10 parts by mass, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5 parts by mass.

[0067] The fine aggregate reduces shrinkage that occurs when the hardening paste C2 hardens after setting, preventing cracks from occurring in the hardened paste C3. It also reduces heat generated by the hydration reaction of the hydraulic components, suppressing the temperature rise of the hardening paste C2 and preventing excessive fluidity and prolonged setting time. The fine aggregate is at least one selected from sands such as silica sand, river sand, sea sand, and crushed sand; inorganic materials such as alumina clinker, silica powder, and limestone; crushed urethane, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) foam, and crushed foam resin, with silica sand being preferred.

[0068] It is preferable that the fine aggregate does not contain coarse particles of 1 mm or larger. Specifically, the particle size classification according to Table 3 of JIS G5901 (2016) is preferably No. 4 to No. 8, more preferably No. 4 to No. 7, and even more preferably No. 4 to No. 6. By using this particle size classification, coarse particles of 1 mm or larger can be excluded. Specific particle size distributions within this particle size classification are: No. 4: 600 to 1180 μm, No. 4.5: 425 to 850 μm, No. 5: 300 to 600 μm, No. 5.5: 212 to 425 μm, No. 6: 150 to 300 μm, No. 6.5: 106 to 212 μm, No. 7: 75 to 150 μm, No. 7.5: 53 to 106 μm, and No. 8: 38 to 75 μm.

[0069] The particle size classification is determined using mesh sieves with three nominal mesh openings. The mass ratio of the fine aggregate on each mesh sieve to the total mass of the fine aggregate measurement sample is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.

[0070] The hydraulic composition C1 contains 10 to 40 parts by mass of fine aggregate, preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 15 to 30 parts by mass. The lower limit of the fine aggregate content within this range is 8 to 38% by mass, preferably 8 to 25% by mass, and the upper limit is 27 to 67% by mass, preferably 27 to 33% by mass, based on the total amount of the hydraulic composition C1. Since the fine aggregate is fine particles with a particle size of less than 1.2 mm and is contained in the hydraulic composition C1 at a low content of at most 67% by mass, cohesion of the hydraulic composition C1 is not inhibited. If the particle size, content, or content of the fine aggregate exceeds the above upper limits, the hydraulic components and the fine aggregate separate during construction using the hardening paste C2, and the hardened product C3 fails to exhibit the desired strength.

[0071] The viscosity modifier is, for example, a thickener, and more specifically, examples thereof include methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, as well as natural polysaccharide derivatives which may contain at least one of these; acrylamide; starch ether; and polyelectrolytes. Any of these may be used alone or in combination.

[0072] Examples of such viscosity modifiers as thickeners include commercially available products such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide, starch ether, and polyelectrolytes, such as ESAMID HP (manufactured by Lamberti Spa), a natural polysaccharide derivative, STARVIS S 5514 F, a mixture of polycarboxylic acid ether and polyacrylamide, and STARVIS SE 35 F, a starch ether (both manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.).

[0073] The polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it has a dissociative group in the main chain or side chain of the polymer chain and dissociates in water to form a polymer ion, and examples thereof include polymer ions having a hydrocarbon, ether group or amino group-containing heterohydrocarbon, aromatic group, heterocyclic group, amide group, and / or organic acid group polymer chain having at least one dissociative group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, or salts thereof, an aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic group-containing amino group, or salts such as inorganic acid salts, organic acid salts, alkali metal salts, or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, a primary to quaternary ammonium group, or an organic ammonium group; specifically, natural products such as alginic acid and salts thereof, pectin (polygalacturonic acid) and salts thereof, carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof, and proteins or polypeptides. Examples of synthetic polymer compounds include polyacrylic acid or its salts such as polyacrylic acid sodium salt, polystyrene sulfonic acid or its salts such as polystyrene sodium sulfonate, poly(allylamine) or its hydrochloride, quaternized poly(vinylpyridine) or its salts, anionic polyacrylamides such as poly(acrylamide / sodium acrylate) copolymer and poly(acrylamido-2-methyl-1-sodium propane sulfonate), polymers containing anionic group-containing cyclic repeating units such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid polymers such as Nafion (trade name manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich), semi-aromatic ammonium ionenes, aliphatic ammonium ionenes, heterocyclic ammonium ionenes, alkyl ether ionenes, and the like. Ammonium nitriles and free radical-containing polymeric compounds include, for example, STARVIS 308F (trade name of BASF Japan), Duramax, Tamol, Romax, and Dowex (all trade names of Dow Chemical Company), Acusol and Acumer (all trade names of Rohm and Haas Company), Dispex, and Magnafloc (all trade names of BASF).

[0074] If the hydraulic composition C1 contains a viscosity modifier, when the hydraulic composition C1 is mixed with water to form a hardening paste, it exhibits a moderate fluidity that makes it easy to inject into drilled holes, and a moderate viscosity that prevents it from flowing out even when injected into an upward drilled hole, thereby achieving a balance between the two and adjusting the composition to exhibit both effects. Moreover, the viscosity modifier gives the hardening paste excellent wettability, so it adheres to the fine aggregate and increases its fluidity, which in turn makes it easier for the fine aggregate to penetrate the unevenness of the inner surface of the drilled hole and the unevenness of the anchor element, and hardens while remaining caught in it. As a result, when the hardening paste is injected into the drilled hole and an anchor element such as a rebar is driven in, the anchor element is less likely to come out and can be firmly fixed.

[0075] The hydraulic composition C1 contains 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass of the viscosity modifier as a thickener, preferably 0.1 to 0.8 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass. If the content exceeds this upper limit, the extrusion resistance of the hardenable paste C2 from the pack 10 increases significantly, and a hardened body C3 having sufficient strength cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content is less than the lower limit, the viscosity of the hardenable paste C2 is insufficient.

[0076] The hydraulic composition C1 includes a setting regulator, such as a setting time regulator, which regulates the setting time from the initial setting (when the setting paste C2 loses fluidity) to the final setting (when the setting paste C2 begins to harden). The setting regulator adsorbs to the hydraulic component particles in the setting paste C2, coating their surfaces and inhibiting contact between the hydraulic component and water. This allows the hydraulic component to gradually hydrate, preventing instant setting of the setting paste C2. Examples of setting time regulators include hydroxycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, as well as their salts; inorganic carbonates; lignosulfonic acid or its salts; and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, pentitol, and hexitol. One or more of these may be used. The setting time regulator may be an alkali metal salt such as lithium salt, potassium salt, or sodium salt of carbonic acid, oxycarboxylic acid, or lignosulfonic acid, or an alkaline earth metal salt such as magnesium salt or calcium salt. Among these, sodium citrate, lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and fumed silica (for example, Aerosil (trade name manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), which also functions as a strength enhancer) are preferred, and any one or a combination of two or more of trisodium citrate, lithium carbonate, and potassium carbonate are more preferred.

[0077] The hydraulic composition contains a set adjuster, which prevents heat generation when mixed with water, preventing cracks from expanding or cracking when cooling or when the hardening paste hardens, and also delays hardening, so that the hardening paste does not harden until it is injected into the drilled hole, but hardens quickly during curing after injection. Also, a delayed-type superplasticizer is not required.

[0078] The hydraulic composition C1 contains 1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 8 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass of the setting regulator, which is a setting time regulator. If the content exceeds this upper limit, the setting time becomes excessively long, and separation of the hydraulic component and the fine aggregate occurs before the setting is completed. On the other hand, if the content is below this lower limit, the hydration reaction of the hydraulic component proceeds too rapidly, and the setting paste C2 immediately reaches the completion and hardens after the initial setting. This causes cracks in the hardened body C3, which impairs the aesthetic appearance and can cause water leakage when used as a water-stopping material.

[0079] The hydraulic components of hydraulic composition C1 are M-type expansive cement essentially containing portland cement, alumina cement, and an accelerator. Portland cement is primarily composed of silica (SiO2) and calcia (CaO), and may contain, for example, 20-25% by mass of silica and 60-70% by mass of calcia. Additionally, alumina (Al2O3), magnesia (MgO), and iron oxide (Fe2O3) are contained in amounts of 1-6% by mass each. These components exist, for example, as calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, and calcium aluminoferrite.

[0080] Specific examples of Portland cement include ordinary Portland cement, high-early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-early-strength Portland cement, moderate-heat Portland cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, and white Portland cement. Among these, high-early-strength Portland cement is preferred. Only one of these Portland cements may be used, or multiple types may be mixed. The hydraulic composition C1 contains 20 to 60 parts by mass of Portland cement, preferably 20 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass.

[0081] Alumina cement is a special cement whose main component is calcium aluminate (CaO·Al2O3), and examples thereof include those containing 20 to 40 mass% of calcia and 40 to 80 mass% of alumina. The hydraulic composition C1 contains 30 to 70 parts by mass of alumina cement, preferably 30 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 30 to 50 parts by mass.

[0082] Portland cement and alumina cement are finely divided cement powders, preferably with an average particle size of 10 to 50 μm, more preferably 20 to 40 μm, and even more preferably 20 to 30 μm. The average particle size refers to the volume-based distribution measured by laser diffraction and scattering. An example of an average particle size measurement device is the Shimadzu Laser Diffraction Particle Size Distribution Analyzer SALD-3100-WJA1:V1.00 (Shimadzu Corporation). Because the cement powder is such a fine powder, chemical coagulation due to hydration of the cement powder caused by water absorption and physical coagulation due to the surface potential of the cement powder are likely to occur. As a result, chemical coagulation, physical coagulation, or the combined effect of both, makes it difficult for the hardening paste C2 injected into cracks in the ceiling or wall of a concrete structure to leak through the cracks.

[0083] Examples of the accelerator include sulfates such as sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and calcium sulfate, and one or more of these can be used. As calcium sulfate, gypsum such as anhydrous gypsum (CaSO4), hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO4·1 / 2H2O), and dihydrate gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is preferred from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of ettringite produced, which will be described later. These accelerators may be used alone or in combination. The hydraulic composition C1 contains 10 to 40 parts by mass of the accelerator, preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 30 parts by mass.

[0084] The hydraulic composition C1 preferably does not contain a delayed-type superplasticizer. However, it may contain a strength-enhancing agent. Examples of the strength-enhancing agent include silica fume, which is fine silica particles, siliceous powders such as blast furnace slag powder and / or fly ash, and kaolin (kaolin containing silica and alumina, calcined kaolin, etc.). Examples of the delayed-type superplasticizer include sulfonic acid-based superplasticizers such as naphthalene sulfonic acid-formalin condensate, melamine sulfonic acid-formalin condensate, aromatic sulfonic acid-formalin condensate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, lignin sulfonic acid, and salts thereof; and carboxylic acid-based superplasticizers such as polycarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

[0085] Over time, the hydraulic components of the setting paste C2 undergo a hydration reaction, setting, and then hardening. Specifically, the reaction between calcium aluminate, gypsum, and water in the alumina cement progresses, producing ettringite (3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O), a calcium aluminate sulfate hydrate. Furthermore, as the gypsum accelerator is consumed, ettringite reacts with the calcium aluminate (aluminate phase) in the alumina cement to produce monosulfate hydrate. Calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates, such as ettringite and monosulfate hydrate, are bulky, water-insoluble needle-shaped crystals. As these crystals grow, the setting paste C2 expands and sets, gradually hardening. Furthermore, the gypsum accelerator serves as a source of calcium sulfate, increasing the amount of ettringite produced and forming a high-strength hardened body C3.

[0086] Hardening paste C2 contains calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), which is formed when the calcia in alumina cement dissolves in water. Silica fume and kaolin, which are included in the strength-enhancing agent, react with the calcium hydroxide to form water-insoluble hydrates, a so-called pozzolanic reaction. This produces fine, dense crystals of calcium silicate hydrate (3CaO·2SiO2·3H2O) and calcium aluminate hydrate (3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O), which harden the hardening paste to high strength. Compared to blast furnace slag, which is ground into powder, and fly ash, which is relatively large and spherical due to its nature, calcined kaolin particles are particularly fine, resulting in a large surface area per unit mass. Therefore, silica fume and calcined kaolin have significantly higher pozzolanic activity than other siliceous powders, forming dense hydrate crystals and imparting high compressive strength to the hardened paste C3.

[0087] As described above, the hydraulic composition C1 contains alumina cement, a quick-setting agent such as gypsum, and a strength enhancer whose main component is kaolin, and therefore its hardened body C3 exhibits early strength, i.e., it develops high strength within a few hours to a day after construction.

[0088] In parallel with the formation of ettringite and the pozzolanic reaction, the hydration reaction of calcium silicate in Portland cement progresses, producing a hardened calcium silicate hydrate C3 such as tobermorite crystals. Because the hydration reaction of calcium silicate is slower than that of calcium aluminate, Portland cement excels in maintaining high strength for long periods after construction, for example, from 7 days to several months later.

[0089] As described above, hydraulic composition C1 contains Portland cement, alumina cement, quick-setting admixture, strength enhancer, fine aggregate, setting time modifier, and viscosity modifier, and these are combined in a certain range of composition ratio, which lengthens the time until the initial setting, giving workers sufficient time to complete the work. As a result, even inexperienced workers can easily fix tiles and fill joints.

[0090] The compressive strength (according to JIS A1108 (2006)) of the hardened body C3 obtained from this hydraulic composition C1 was 55 N / mm at a curing temperature of 20-25°C, just one day after application. 2 reached 65N / mm after 7 days. 2 , 80N / mm after 28 days 2 It improves to.

[0091] The hardenable paste C2 exhibits a flow value of 40 to 90 seconds (based on the JSCE-F 541-2013 fluidity test method for filling mortar (J14 funnel test) specified in the Standard Specifications for Concrete). It also exhibits high fluidity in a flow test (based on JIS R5201 (2015)). This allows workers to easily push the hardenable paste C2 out of the bag 11 with their hands 31 and 32, and allows the hardened paste C2 to be used in applications where relatively high strength is required, such as construction grout.

[0092] The hydraulic composition C1 may further contain a thickener in addition to a strength enhancer such as silica microparticles, which exhibits a thickening effect. The thickener exhibits a thickening effect similar to that of a binder, which binds hydraulic component particles together. Furthermore, the thickener imparts an appropriate viscosity to the hardenable paste C2, preventing separation of hydraulic components in the hardenable paste C2 due to differences in specific gravity and separation from water due to sedimentation of the hydraulic components. This promotes uniform dispersion of particles in the hardenable paste C2 and reduces extrusion resistance from the pack 10. Furthermore, the thickener causes the hardenable paste C2 to exhibit thixotropy, thereby increasing its viscosity and reducing its fluidity when external force is removed. As a result, when used in mortar molding, such as for decorating vertical walls, the hardenable paste C2 does not drip, demonstrating good workability.

[0093] Although a hydraulic composition containing cement has been exemplified as the hardenable composition, other hydraulic compositions include those which are prepared by mixing with water to form a hardenable paste, such as hydraulic slag (granulated blast furnace slag), hydraulic lime (slaked lime containing CaO·SiO2), gypsum, starch, protein, and hydraulic urethane (for example, Alltac Act ("Alltac" is a registered trademark) manufactured by Tajima Roofing Co., Ltd.). The hardenable composition is not limited to hydraulic compositions, and may also be bisphenol A, which reacts with epichlorohydrin to harden and produce polycarbonate.

[0094] Next, a cartridge-type hardening paste application method using the above hydraulic composition will be described.

[0095] A method for fixing an anchor element using a cartridge-type hardening paste application method is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows an example of the first half of the process of a method for fixing an anchor element using a cartridge-type hardening paste application method. The fixer capsule 100 shown in Figure 1(a) has a water-permeable cylindrical container 110 and a powdered hydraulic composition C1 sealed therein. The fixer capsule 100 has a generally cylindrical shape with narrowed ends. The water-permeable cylindrical container 110 is made of a nonwoven sheet, for example, made of paper and resin fiber, which has good water permeability and is easily breakable.

[0096] The water-permeable cylindrical container 110 is preferably made of a nonwoven sheet that has high water permeability and is easily crushable. Examples of such nonwoven sheets include fine paper, medium-quality paper, kraft paper, Kent paper, construction paper, crepe paper, heatlon paper, corn paper, and Japanese paper. These materials may be made from any one of wood pulp (e.g., pulp made from conifers or hardwoods), non-wood pulp (e.g., mitsumata, straw, bagasse, reed, kenaf, or mulberry), and recycled paper pulp, or a mixture of these. The paper may also be synthetic fiber paper (e.g., rayon paper or acetate paper).

[0097] The nonwoven sheet may contain a resin in addition to paper, which prevents the sheet from breaking easily during transportation, storage, or installation, and prevents leakage of the hydraulic composition C1 contained therein. Examples of such resins include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polytributylene terephthalate; polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 66, and aramid; and polyacrylic resins whose main component is acrylonitrile.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 1(a), water W is collected in a tray 200. Tap water is preferred because it is readily available at the construction site. The temperature of the water W is preferably 5 to 30°C, more preferably 15 to 25°C. If the temperature of the water W exceeds this upper limit, the usable time of the hardenable paste C2 becomes extremely short, and the setting end point is reached before the completion of the hardenable paste application method (see FIG. 2). On the other hand, if the temperature is below this lower limit, the curing time of the hardened body C3, which is the hardened product of the hardenable paste C2, is prolonged (see FIG. 2(f)), resulting in a decrease in its strength. The fixative capsule 100 is immersed in the water W, and the water W is absorbed into the hydraulic composition C1. The water W passes through the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 and penetrates into the powdered hydraulic composition C1. The water W penetrates between the hydraulic component particles contained in the hydraulic composition C1, causing them to adhere to each other. This causes the hydraulic composition C1 to aggregate.

[0099] The length L from the tip to the base of the fixative capsule 100 is, for example, 100 to 400 mm, preferably 200 to 400 mm, more preferably 200 to 350 mm, even more preferably 200 to 300 mm, and even more preferably 250 to 300 mm. The diameter D is, for example, 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 to 40 mm, more preferably 20 to 35 mm, and even more preferably 30 to 35 mm. Having the length L within this range simplifies storage and transportation of the fixative capsule 100 and provides good handleability, preventing damage to the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 caused by bending during manual handling.

[0100] Furthermore, by changing the value of the diameter D, the time required for the hydraulic composition C1 to absorb the required amount of water W, i.e., the immersion time in water W, can be changed. When the diameter D is within the above range, the immersion time can be shortened to 5 minutes or less, specifically 3 to 5 minutes. Even with such a short immersion time, a water absorption rate of 25 to 32 mass% can be obtained. The water absorption rate is expressed as a percentage obtained by dividing the weight before immersion in water by the weight after immersion. The required amount of water W is the upper limit of the amount of water W that the hydraulic composition C1 can absorb. Therefore, even if the fixer capsule 100 is immersed in water W for longer than this immersion time, the hydraulic composition C1 will not absorb more water W than required. Furthermore, as long as at least the above immersion time has elapsed, the amount of water W absorbed will not be insufficient. Moreover, unlike pouring water into a cylinder cartridge containing a hydraulic composition, uneven distribution of water does not occur in the hydraulic composition, and the water W can be brought into uniform contact with the hydraulic composition C1.

[0101] The fixative capsule 100 is removed from the water W. Because the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 contains resin fibers, it maintains sufficient strength to be handled by hand without leaking the hydraulic composition C1, even when wet. As shown in FIG. 1(b), a portion of the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 is broken at one end of the fixative capsule 100, and then the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 is rolled up and broken toward the other end to expose and remove the aggregate Ca of the hydraulic composition C1. The aggregate Ca is then removed from the water-permeable cylindrical container 110. Because the aggregate Ca has solidified as if it had undergone false coagulation, it maintains its approximately cylindrical shape even after the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 has been removed. Therefore, the aggregate Ca can be grasped and handled by hand.

[0102] 1(b) includes a cylindrical body 320 having an opening 330 at its base end, and a tip 310 that protrudes from the tip of the body 320 in a direction away from the opening 330. The tip 310 is connected to the interior of the body 320, connecting the interior of the body 320 with the outside. A male thread is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the tip 310, and a cap 310a having a female thread on its inner circumferential surface is threadedly engaged with the male thread of the tip 310. The aggregate Ca removed from the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 is inserted into the body 320 through the opening 330.

[0103] Figure 1(c) shows the agitation process for the aggregate Ca. The agitator 400 includes a rotating rod 420 with two agitating blades 430 protruding from its tip, and a rotary tool 410 connected to the base end of the rotating rod 420 and rotating the rotating rod 420 together with the agitating blades 430 around its central axis. The agitating blades 430 each have an oval-shaped plate portion 430b with two opposing straight sides and two arc-shaped sides connecting the ends of the two sides. The plate portion 430b has protruding portions 430d protruding along each of the two arc-shaped sides. An opening 430a is provided in the plate portion 430b, symmetrically with respect to a point. A tongue portion 430c is partially connected to the opening 430a and extends away from the protruding portions 430d. The agitating blades 430 are fixed by welding to the rotating rod 420, which passes through the center of the plate portion 430b, sandwiching the opening 430a. The two stirring blades 430 are fixed in series to the rotating rod 420 so that the tongue portions 430c face each other and cross each other.

[0104] The stirring blade 430 is inserted into the cylindrical body 320 together with the rotating rod 420. When the rotary tool 410 is operated, the rotating rod 420 and the stirring blade 430 rotate. The aggregate Ca in the cylinder cartridge 300 comes into contact with the stirring blade 430 and is stirred. The stirring time is preferably 5 to 60 seconds, more preferably 20 to 60 seconds, and even more preferably 20 to 40 seconds. Note that when stirring the aggregate Ca and the hardenable paste C2, the cylinder cartridge 300 may be fixed vertically with the opening 330 facing upward and the cylindrical tip 310 facing downward, so as to prevent the hardenable paste C2 from leaking from the opening 330.

[0105] By stirring, the aggregated particles of the aggregate Ca are dispersed uniformly, and the aggregate Ca changes into the hardenable paste C2 shown in Figure 1(d). The hardenable paste C2 has fluidity. By converting the aggregate Ca into the hardenable paste C2 in advance, the extrusion resistance when extruding the hardenable paste C2 from the cylinder cartridge 300 and injecting it into the drilled hole (see Figure 2(c)) can be significantly reduced compared to when the aggregate Ca is extruded directly, thereby reducing the burden on the worker.

[0106] Next, as shown in FIG. 1(d), a disk-shaped lid 340 slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 320 and opening 330 is fitted into the opening 330. The lid 340 can move within the cylindrical body 320 in response to pressure applied toward the cylindrical tip 310. Next, an injection tube 310c is connected to a nozzle 310b, which has the same internal thread as the cap 310a at its base end and an outlet opening at its tip. The injection tube 310c and the tip of the nozzle 310b, which gradually narrows toward the outlet, are fastened and fixed with a fastener 310d. Vinyl tape is wrapped around and attached to the middle of the injection tube 310c to form an injection amount indication mark 310e. This injection amount indication mark 310e is attached at a position that will be exposed from the opening of the drilled hole when an amount of hardening paste C2 that satisfies the difference between the volume of the hole drilled in a concrete body such as a concrete foundation and the volume of the anchor element to be inserted therein is injected into the hole (see FIG. 2(d)). Furthermore, the cap 310a is removed, and the nozzle 310b to which the injection tube 310c is connected is screwed onto the nozzle 310 and attached.

[0107] The injection gun 500 shown in Figure 1(e) has a cylindrical body support part 520 in the shape of a curved gutter with a diameter somewhat larger than that of the cylindrical body 320 of the cylinder cartridge 300 and supporting the cylindrical body 320, a tip side support part 510 erected at the tip of the cylindrical body support part 520 and supporting the tip side of the cylindrical body 320, a base end part 550 provided at the base end of the cylindrical body support part 520, an operation part 540 fixed to the base end part 550, a piston 530 that is movable on the cylindrical body support part 520 between the tip side support part 510 and the base end part 550, and a delivery rod 560 that is connected at one end to the piston 530, passes through the base end part 550 and the operation part 540, extends beyond them, and is curved so as to bend back at the other end.

[0108] The tip-side support part 510 has two claws so that it can support the cylinder cartridge 300 by contacting the tip side of the cylindrical body 320 without contacting the cylindrical tip 310. The operating part 540 has a grip part 540b that is held by the palm and thumb of the operator, and a trigger 540a on which the operator's fingers other than the thumb are hooked. The trigger 540a and the delivery rod 560 are connected via, for example, a ratchet mechanism. When the trigger 540a is pulled and moves toward the grip part 540b, the delivery rod 560 is delivered toward the tip-side support part 510, and the piston 530 moves on the cylindrical body support part 520. The piston 530 is disk-shaped with a diameter smaller than the cylindrical body 320 and the opening 330 so that it can move from the opening 330 of the cylinder cartridge 300 set in the injection gun 500 into the cylindrical body 320 and press the lid 340.

[0109] The lid 340 is fitted into the opening 330, and the delivery rod 560 is pulled in a direction away from the tip support part 510 to move the piston 53 toward the base end part 550. The cylinder cartridge 300 is set in the injection gun 500 so that the nozzle 310 protrudes between the two claws of the tip support part 510. Next, the trigger 540a is pulled multiple times to move the piston 530 toward the tip support part 510 until it abuts against the lid 340.

[0110] Injection gun 500 may be connected to a compressor (not shown) that generates compressed air, and this compressed air may be used to advance delivery rod 560 in response to operation of trigger 540a. This reduces the burden on the operator who operates trigger 540a.

[0111] Figure 2 shows an example of the latter half of the anchor element fixing method using the cartridge-type hardening paste application method. The figure shows the process of attaching the posts that secure the rockfall protection net to the concrete using the cartridge-type hardening paste application method.

[0112] 2(a) is formed by concrete lining on a slope 62, and covers the slope 62 with a substantially uniform thickness. Therefore, the surface 61a of the lining concrete 61 is inclined. A worker sets a core boring machine 71 on the surface 61a and rotates a core drill 71a attached to the tip of the machine to form a cylindrical hole 61b.

[0113] As shown in FIG. 2(b), the operator inserts the injection tube 310c into the drilled hole 61b until the tip of the injection tube 310c contacts the bottom surface 61b1 of the drilled hole 61b. Next, the operator pulls the trigger 540a as shown in FIG. 2(c). The hardenable paste C2 is extruded and injected from the injection tube 310c into the drilled hole 61b. At this time, the operator gradually moves the injection gun 500 together with the cylinder cartridge 300 in the direction X away from the opening of the drilled hole 61b, while continuing to inject the hardenable paste C2 while bringing the tip of the injection tube 310c into contact with the liquid surface of the hardenable paste C2. As a result, the amount of hardenable paste C2 injected into the drilled hole 61b increases, and the injection tube 310c moves in a direction to be removed from the drilled hole 61b. The worker can also sense the pressure of the hardenable paste C2 generated when the liquid surface of the hardenable paste C2 moves toward the opening of the drilled hole 61b. This allows the worker to recognize that the hardenable paste C2 is being injected smoothly. As the worker continues this operation, the injection amount indication mark 310e appears and disappears at the opening of the drilled hole 61b, as shown in FIG. 1(d). When the worker visually confirms that the injection amount indication mark 310e has appeared and disappeared at the opening of the drilled hole 61b, the worker releases the trigger 540a to end the injection. In this way, during the hardenable paste C2 injection process, the worker can inject the hardenable paste C2 while leaving a space in the drilled hole 61b equivalent to the volume of the anchor element, simply by performing the simple and easy task of moving the injection gun 500 and watching the opening of the drilled hole 61b. As a result, when the anchor element is inserted into the drilled hole 61b, it is possible to prevent the hardenable paste C2 from overflowing in large amounts from the opening of the drilled hole 61b, which is uneconomical.

[0114] In this way, by providing the injection amount indication mark 310e on the injection tube 310c and performing the injection process as described above, the worker can inject the appropriate amount of hardenable paste C2 into the drilled hole 61b, without excess or deficiency. In particular, when inserting the anchor bolt 81, which is the anchor element, into the drilled hole 61b after the hardenable paste C2 injection process (see FIG. 2(e)), waste such as overflowing of the hardenable paste C2 from the drilled hole 61b and poor construction due to insufficient injection are prevented. Furthermore, by simply visually checking the injection amount indication mark 310e, the amount of hardenable paste C2 required per drilled hole 61b can be grasped, for example, and the number of drilled holes 61b that can be injected and filled per cylinder cartridge can be determined.

[0115] Figure 2(e) shows the process of driving the anchor element. The anchor bolt 81, which is the anchor element, is long and approximately cylindrical, with a base end (see Figure 2(f)) that forms a surface approximately perpendicular to its central axis, and a tip end that is inclined relative to the base end surface and therefore has an elliptical surface. This makes the tip of the anchor bolt 81 sharp, making it easy to insert into the drilled hole 61b filled with hardenable paste C2. Multiple ribs 81a protrude from the tip to the middle of the anchor bolt 81. A male thread 81b is provided on the surface of the base end of the anchor bolt 81. A nut 83 that secures the support post of the rockfall protection net is screwed onto this male thread 81b (see Figure 2(f)). The total length of the anchor bolt 81 satisfies the anchor bolt fixing length specified in the standard and is longer than the drilling length (depth) of the drilled hole 61b so that the male thread 81b protrudes from the opening of the drilled hole 61b when driven into the drilled hole 61b.

[0116] The worker holds the base end of the anchor bolt 81 with his hand 31 and inserts it into the hardenable paste C2 in the drilled hole 61b while rotating the anchor bolt 81 around its central axis to prevent air from getting mixed into the hardenable paste C2. The hardenable paste C2 has appropriate fluidity, and the sharp tip of the anchor bolt 81 allows the worker to drive the anchor bolt 81 into the drilled hole 61b filled with the hardenable paste C2 without much force. The worker performs this process within the usable time, which is the time from when the hardenable paste C2 has completely absorbed water to when the hardenable paste C2 begins to set. If the usable time is exceeded, the fluidity of the hardenable paste C2, which has reached the beginning of setting, gradually decreases, increasing the driving resistance of the anchor bolt 81 and making it difficult to drive it manually with the hand 31.

[0117] The worker supports the anchor bolt 81 with his hand 90 so that it is at a predetermined angle in the drilled hole 61b. As the hardening paste C2 reaches the end of setting and begins to harden, the anchor bolt 81 becomes fixed in the drilled hole 61b while maintaining the predetermined angle without the worker's support. If necessary, the worker can remove any hardening paste C2 that has slightly overflowed from the drilled hole 61b.

[0118] 2(f) shows the lining concrete 61 after the steps shown in Fig. 2(a) to (e). A hardened mass C3 formed by hardening of the hardenable paste C2 seals the opening of the drilled hole 61b and also tightly fills the gap between the inner wall surface of the drilled hole 61b and the anchor bolt 81. The anchor bolt 81 is fixed to the lining concrete 61, and a nut 83 is threaded onto the male thread 81b at its base end, fixing the support 82. The anchor effect of the rib 81a improves the pull-out strength of the anchor bolt 81 from the hardened mass C3.

[0119] Thus, according to the cartridge-type hardening paste application method using the hydraulic composition of the present invention, the required amount of water W can be absorbed into the hydraulic composition C1 simply by immersing the fixative capsule 100 in water W for a predetermined period of time, eliminating the need to pour water into the cartridge, which can lead to overflow or measurement errors, or to shake the cartridge after pouring water. As a result, even inexperienced workers can work easily and reliably, enabling uniform application, simplifying application management, and improving application efficiency.

[0120] As a result, the worker does not have to strictly control the immersion time of the fixative capsule 100 in the water W, and can reliably carry out the process from removing the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 of the fixative capsule 100 (see Figure 1(b)) to inserting the anchor bolt 81 into the drilled hole 61b (see Figure 2(e)) with ample time to spare.

[0121] After the hardenable paste C2 injection process is completed and the hardenable paste C2 in the cylindrical body 320 of the cylinder cartridge 300 is completely discharged through the injection tube 310c, the cylindrical body 320 may be emptied. In this case, it is preferable that the piston 530 of the injection gun 500 also serves as the lid 340. This allows the operator to pull the delivery rod 560 to remove the piston 530 (lid 340) from the opening 330, and then clean the inner wall of the cylindrical body 320 (see FIGS. 1(d) and 1(e)). This cleaning process is preferably performed after removing the nozzle 310b from the cylindrical body 320. It is more preferable to loosen the fastener 310d to remove the injection tube 310c from the nozzle 310b, and then clean the nozzle 310b and the injection tube 310c. During this cleaning process, the hardenable paste C2 may be scraped off using water or a brush. The cleaning process allows the cylindrical body 310, the nozzle 310b, and the injection tube 310c to be reused instead of being discarded, which contributes to reducing waste and construction costs. This cleaning process may be performed immediately after the injection process of the hardenable paste C2, or after the subsequent insertion process of the anchor bolt 81.

[0122] The tip of the anchor element may have a so-called cut-off shape, pyramidal shape, conical shape, or hemispherical shape, which has a surface parallel to the base end surface of the anchor element; it may have a so-called double-sided cut shape, in which two inclined surfaces formed by extending from opposing arcs at the tip of the anchor element in the extension direction of the tip, share a side facing the arcs; or it may have a so-called tip bifurcated shape, in which two inclined surfaces formed by extending from opposing arcs at the tip of the anchor element in the direction of the base end, share a side facing the arcs.

[0123] Alternatively, the fixative capsule 100 may be removed from the water W after being immersed for a predetermined time and inserted directly into the drilled hole. After the fixative capsule 100 has absorbed water, it is inserted into the drilled hole. Then, the anchor bolt is inserted into the drilled hole while striking the pointed base end of the anchor bolt, which breaks through the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 and causes the hardenable paste C2 to flow into the drilled hole. The anchor bolt advances through the drilled hole, pushing aside the hardenable paste C2. The hardened paste C2 hardens to produce a hardened mass C3, which seals the opening of the drilled hole and also tightly fills the space between the inner wall of the drilled hole and the anchor bolt.

[0124] Further, another example of the curable paste application method of the present invention, specifically a pack-type curable paste application method, and a curable paste application kit used therein will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0125] 3 to 5 show a method for fixing an anchor element using a pack-type hardenable paste application method. FIG. 3 shows the first half of the process of the method for fixing an anchor element using a pack-type hardenable paste application method. As shown in FIG. 3(a), the pack-type hardenable paste application method uses a pack 10 containing only a hydraulic composition C1, which is a powder containing cement as the hardenable composition, in a bag 11, and a hardenable paste application kit 1 including a bottle 21 containing water W as a liquid required for hardening the hydraulic composition C1. When the hydraulic composition C1 comes into contact with and is mixed with the water W, it changes into a hardenable paste C2 (see FIG. 4(b)), which then undergoes a hydration reaction, sets, and hardens to form a hardened product C3 (see FIG. 5(f)).

[0126] Pack 10 comprises a bag 11 having a welded strip 11a formed by welding two roughly rectangular films together at their peripheries to form a strip of a fixed width, and a port 12 fixed to the upper edge 11a1 of bag 11. Port 12 comprises a tubular portion 12a that connects the interior of bag 11 to the outside, and a base portion 12b that is connected to the base of tubular portion 12a and welded to the upper edge 11a1. A male thread is provided on the outer surface of tubular portion 12a (see FIG. 3(c)), which threads into a female thread on the inner surface of cap 13. This allows cap 13 to be attached to tubular portion 12a.

[0127] In the bag body 11, the length of the upper end edge portion 11a1 having the port 12 and the opposing lower end edge portion 11a3 are preferably shorter than the length of the side edge portions 11a2 of the bag body 11. Specifically, with regard to the outer dimensions of the bag body 11, the lengths (widths) of the upper end edge portion 11a1 and the lower end edge portion 11a3 are preferably 50 to 300 mm, more preferably 100 to 250 mm, and even more preferably 100 to 200 mm. Furthermore, the length (vertical length) of the side edge portion 11a2 is preferably 100 to 500 mm, preferably 250 to 500 mm, more preferably 250 to 400 mm, and even more preferably 300 to 400 mm. The outer dimensions of the bag body 11 are determined within these ranges depending on the amount (mass and volume) of the hydraulic composition C1 to be contained and the amount (mass and volume) of water W to be poured into the bag body 11. When the bag body 11 is upright, the flattened upper end surface of the hydraulic composition C1 is preferably located between the upper end edge portion 11a1 and the lower end edge portion 11a3 and closer to the lower end edge portion 11a3, i.e., in the lower half of the bag body 11 in the vertical direction.

[0128] The mass of the hydraulic composition C1 contained in the bag body 11 is 100 to 3000 g. The amount contained may be within this range, and can be appropriately selected depending on the number of application locations and the diameter and length of the anchor elements to be fixed, such as, for example, just under 300 g, 500 g, 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, and 2500 g. If the mass of the hydraulic composition C1 contained in the bag body 11 exceeds 3000 g, the hardenable paste C2 (see FIGS. 5(b) to (d)) prepared by adding water W to the hydraulic composition C1 becomes too heavy, as will be described later, making it difficult to work with by hand.

[0129] For example, the weight of the hydraulic composition C1 contained in the bag body 11 is preferably 100 to 2000 g, but even if it exceeds 500 g, the total weight of the hydraulic composition C1 per bag and the amount of water required to harden it becomes heavy, which causes a considerable physical burden when mixing by kneading or stepping on it at the time of use. Therefore, if the hydraulic composition C1 per bag is 500 g or less, preferably 200 to 400 g, the total weight including the amount of water required for hardening is only about twice as much, so it is relatively light, easy to carry, and relatively compact, so that it can be mixed uniformly by kneading or stepping on it at the time of use at the time of use without much physical burden in a shorter time, and it is also easy to discharge. For example, if 780 g of hydraulic composition C1 is contained in a bag 11 having a width of approximately 150 mm and a length of approximately 350 mm, it takes approximately one and a half to three minutes to mix it with a predetermined amount of water, whereas if 280 g of hydraulic composition C1 is contained in a bag 11 having a width of approximately 100 mm and a length of approximately 320 mm, it takes only one minute or less to mix it uniformly with a predetermined amount of water.

[0130] The bag 11 is made of a resin, such as polyamide, that is impermeable to water and has high strength, and is formed of a relatively thick film. The thickness of this film is preferably 100 to 250 μm, more preferably 100 to 180 μm, and even more preferably 100 to 150 μm. Such a bag 11 will not be damaged by vibration or friction that occurs during transportation or storage, and since the tip opening of the tubular portion 12a is closed by the cap 13, the hydraulic composition C1 will not come into contact with water unexpectedly.

[0131] In addition, it is preferable that the film is colorless and transparent or translucent and colored in any color such as white or blue so that the hydraulic composition C1, the hardenable paste C2, and the water W in the bag body 11 can be seen through the bag body 11.

[0132] Meanwhile, a bottle 21 contains a predetermined amount of water W corresponding to the mass of the hydraulic composition C1. An example of a commercially available bottle 21 containing water W is Eiser Pure Water (250 mL, manufactured by Axis Corporation). However, transporting the bottle 21 filled with water to the work site is quite time-consuming. Therefore, it is simpler and more efficient to transport an empty bottle 21 to the work site and pour a predetermined amount of readily available water, such as tap water, into the bottle 21. A cap (not shown) that liquid-tightly seals the nozzle 21a of the bottle 21 containing water W is screwed onto the nozzle 21a until just before use. Furthermore, the bottle 21 is molded from a hard resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate, which provides excellent formability, maintains its shape without deformation due to the flow of water W, and is not damaged by vibration or friction. Therefore, the water W does not accidentally leak from the bottle 21 during transportation or storage.

[0133] In this way, the hydraulic composition C1 and the water W are contained separately in the bag body 11 and the bottle 21, respectively, thereby reliably preventing accidental contact between the two, and since the water W is contained in the bottle 21, which has a fixed shape, handling during transportation and storage is excellent. Moreover, since the hydraulic composition C1 and the water W do not necessarily need to be transported at the same time, the materials for preparing the hardenable paste can be dispersed and carried to any location. Thus, when a large amount of hardenable paste needs to be prepared, the labor required for transportation can be reduced compared to transporting a pouch container in which the hydraulic composition and water of the required weight are inseparably contained.

[0134] Immediately before preparing the hardenable paste C2, the operator removes the cap attached to the nozzle 21a and replaces it by attaching the injection nozzle 22 to the nozzle 21a in a liquid-tight manner. The injection nozzle 22 has a cap-like attachment portion 22a that is threaded onto the bottle 21 at its base end and a conical portion 22b that extends upward while gradually reducing in diameter from its upper surface. This results in the conical portion 22b forming a tapered, truncated cone-shaped cylinder. A rib 22c protrudes from the outer surface of the conical portion 22b between its tip and the upper surface of the attachment portion 22a. The rib 22c protrudes in four directions along orthogonal diameters of the circular cross section of the conical portion 22b, and at a constant height along the tapered cone of the conical portion 22b. While FIG. 3 shows an example in which the rib 22c is provided, it is not necessary.

[0135] Next, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the worker removes the cap 13 and places the pack 10 upright on a suitable platform (not shown). The worker pinches the tubular portion 12a of the port 12 with his right hand 31 so that it faces slightly downward, and folds the bag body 11 closer to the upper edge 11a1 than the top surface of the hydraulic composition C1. This prevents the hydraulic composition C1 from leaking from the tip opening of the tubular portion 12a. Next, the worker holds the bottle 21 with his left hand 32 and inserts the conical portion 22b, tip first, into the tip opening of the tubular portion 12a. If the tip of the conical portion 22b is not positioned above the bottom of the bottle 21, the injection nozzle 22 cannot be inserted into the port 12, and water W will not leak from the tip opening of the conical portion 22b.

[0136] The taper of the conical portion 22b or a rib 22c provided as needed bites into and fits into the opening of the tubular portion 12a. At this time, since the rib 22c protrudes from the outer surface of the conical portion 22b, a gap S corresponding to the height of the rib 22c is formed between the outer surface of the conical portion 22b and the opening of the tubular portion 12a (see FIG. 1(c)). By connecting the port 12 and the injection nozzle 22 in this way, the pack 10 and the bottle 21 are connected.

[0137] As shown in FIG. 3(c), the worker holds the upper edge 11a1 of the bag body 11 with his right hand 31 to hold the pack 10 upright, and then inverts the bottle 21 so that the bottom of the bottle 21 is on the top and the injection nozzle 22 is on the bottom. This causes the water W in the bottle 21 to flow through the injection nozzle 22 and into the bag body 11. As the water W flows into the bag body 11, air in the bag body 11 is expelled through the gap S. Because the pack 10 and the bottle 21 are integrally connected by the injection nozzle 22, a predetermined amount of water W can be reliably and quickly absorbed into the hydraulic composition C1 without spilling any water, and the expulsion of air ensures that the water W is quickly absorbed into the hydraulic composition C1. After visually confirming that the entire amount of water W in the bottle 21 has been poured into the bag body 11, the worker removes the injection nozzle 22 from the tubular portion 12a to release the connection between the pack 10 and the bottle 21.

[0138] The amount of water W per 100 parts by mass of hydraulic composition C1 is preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 25 to 40 parts by mass, and even more preferably 25 to 35 parts by mass. If the amount of water W is less than this lower limit, the amount of water W is insufficient to prepare a hardenable paste C2 with appropriate fluidity, reducing workability in repairing cracks, filling tile joints, and the like. On the other hand, if the amount of water W exceeds this upper limit, the hardenable paste C2 will exhibit excessive fluidity, lacking in crack filling ability and lengthening the curing time until hardening. The temperature of the water is preferably 3 to 50°C, and more preferably 10 to 20°C.

[0139] Figure 4 shows the middle step of the anchor element fixing method using the pack-type hardening paste application method. As shown in Figure 4(a), the cap 13 is screwed onto the tubular portion 12a to seal the bag body 11. The cap 13 covers the tip opening of the tubular portion 12a, sealing it liquid-tight, so that the hydraulic composition C1 and water W inside the bag body 11 do not leak. The worker grasps the pack 10 with both hands 31 and 32 and kneads and presses the bag body 11. This deforms the bag body 11, mixing the hydraulic composition C1 and water W and preparing the hardening paste C2.

[0140] If necessary, the pack 10 may be turned upside down so that the upper edge 11a1 faces downward and the lower edge 11a3 faces upward, or the pack 10 may be rocked back and forth horizontally or vertically, or the bag 11 may be folded. Alternatively, after adding water, the pack may be shaken up and down vigorously about 10 times, then turned upside down, and then shaken up and down vigorously again about 10 times. This procedure may be repeated 4 to 5 times to premix the water throughout the cement. Note that air A may occupy part of the internal volume of the bag 11 along with the hydraulic composition C1 and water W. In this process, it is not necessary to knead or press the bag 11 with such force or for such a long time that the water W poured from above the hydraulic composition C1 reaches the vicinity of the lower edge 11a3. This is because, in addition to being able to thoroughly mix them later using a pressing tool as needed, it increases the burden on the worker and may cause the mixture of hydraulic composition C1 and water W to reach the initial setting point and begin hardening.

[0141] As shown in FIG. 4(b), the operator again supports the pack 10 with his right hand 31 so that it stands upright on the platform. He loosens and removes the cap 13 with his left hand 32, unsealing the bag 11. This connects the interior of the bag 11 to the outside. He then deforms the bag 11 by gripping and pushing it with his right hand 31. This causes at least a portion of the opposing inner surfaces of the bag 11 to come into contact with each other, and air A within the bag 11 is discharged through the port 12. At this time, the operator can quickly discharge the air A by pinching the air retention portion above the bag 11 with his right hand 31 and sliding his right hand 31 toward the upper edge 11a1. Once most of the air A has been discharged, he or she re-tightens the cap 13.

[0142] The order of the step of kneading the bag body 11 shown in Fig. 4(a) and the step of discharging the air A shown in Fig. 4(b) may be reversed. In this case, specifically, after pouring water W into the pack 10 (see Fig. 3(c)), and before attaching the cap 13 to the tubular portion 12a to seal the bag body 11, the pack 10 is deformed to discharge the air A from the port 12. Next, while the pack 10 is still deformed, the cap 13 is attached to the tubular portion 12a to seal the bag body 11, and the pack 10 is grasped with both hands 31 and 32 and pressed and kneaded to mix the water W and the hydraulic composition C1 to prepare a hardenable paste C2.

[0143] The external force applied to pack 10 during mixing may be manual force, such as pushing or kneading pack 10, or stepping or shaking pack 10. When this method is adopted, the hardenable paste C2 can be prepared by contacting pack 10 with a part of the human body, such as a hand, elbow, knee, or foot, or by holding pack 10 with the hand, thereby applying pressure or shaking to pack 10. The time for applying manual force is preferably 30 to 120 seconds, more preferably 30 to 90 seconds, and even more preferably 30 to 60 seconds. Note that the external force applied to pack 10 during mixing of the hydraulic composition and water and / or extrusion of the hardenable paste may be mechanical power, or may be either or both of the pressure of a pressure roller (not shown) and manual force.

[0144] The film forming the bag body 11 is preferably soft and flexible. Examples of materials for this film include thermoplastic resins, specifically, homopolymers and / or copolymers and / or polymer blends containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, cyclic polyolefins, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide (nylon), polyester, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0145] The film may have a single layer structure made of one of the above thermoplastic resins, or a multilayer structure in which multiple films made of the same or different thermoplastic resins are bonded together. When the film has a multilayer structure, for example, a multilayer structure may be used in which, from the inner layer to the outer layer, a polyamide (nylon) layer (PA; 15 μm thick) / a barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick) / a linear low-density polyethylene layer (LLDPE; 130 μm thick) are laminated in this order. Alternatively, the multilayer structure may have, from the inner layer to the outer layer, a linear low-density polyethylene layer (LLDPE; 130 μm thick) / a polyamide (nylon) layer (PA; 15 μm thick) / a barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick) in this order. Furthermore, the multilayer structure may have, from inner to outer, the following order: polyethylene terephthalate layer (PET; 12 μm thick), barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick), and linear low-density polyethylene layer (LLDPE; 130 μm thick). In particular, the outermost LLDPE layer preferably has a thickness of at least 100 μm. This prevents the film from tearing or ripping even when the internal pressure of the bag body 11 increases due to friction with hands or feet or pressure from such friction. On the other hand, if the thickness of the LLDPE layer exceeds 150 μm, the film is difficult to deform under external pressure, preventing sufficient mixing and kneading of the hydraulic composition C1 and water W, and thus preventing the production of a homogeneous hardenable paste C2. The welding zone 11a can be formed by thermal welding, ultrasonic welding, or induction welding.

[0146] The thermosetting resin can also be used as the material for the port 12 .

[0147] As shown in FIG. 4(c), an injection connector 23 that can be threaded interchangeably with the cap 13 and an injection tube 24 that is thick enough to fit over the tip of the injection connector 23 and has injection volume indicator markings 25 attached or printed on it are prepared. The injection connector 23 is cylindrical and has a circular opening at its upper end. The inner wall surface of the base end of the injection connector 23 has an internal thread that can be threaded onto the external thread of the tubular portion 12a, and the outer surface of the injection connector 23 from the middle to the tip has multiple scale-like rings 23a. Each scale-like ring 23a is formed concentrically with the circular opening and has a truncated shape that gradually widens toward the base end. This creates multiple steps on the outer surface of the injection connector 23. Connectors with this type of outer shape are called bamboo shoots. The operator attaches the injection connector 23 by threading it onto the tubular portion 12a.

[0148] Next, as shown in FIG. 4(c), one end of injection tube 24 is fitted into injection connector 23, and this and injection connector 23 are fastened and fixed with fastener 26. Injection connector 23 has multiple steps due to scale-like ring portion 23a, and injection tube 24 is fastened with fastener 26, so it does not easily come off injection connector 23. Vinyl tape serving as injection amount indication mark 25 is wrapped around and affixed to the middle of injection tube 24. This injection amount indication mark 25 is attached in a position that will be exposed from the opening of drilled hole 61b when an amount of hardenable paste C2 that satisfies the difference between the volume of drilled hole 61b and the volume of the insertion portion of the anchor element to be inserted therein has been injected into drilled hole 61b (see FIG. 5(d)).

[0149] The latter half of the process of the anchor element fixing method using the pack-type hardening paste application method, which is an example of the hardening paste application method of the present invention, is shown in Figure 5. This figure shows the process of attaching the posts that secure the rockfall protection net to the concrete.

[0150] The concrete lining 61 shown in Figure 5(a) is formed by concrete lining on a slope 62, and covers the slope 62 with a substantially uniform thickness. Therefore, the surface 61a of the concrete lining 61 is inclined. A worker sets a core boring machine 71 on the surface 61a and rotates a core drill 71a attached to the tip of the machine to drill twenty to thirty cylindrical holes 61b.

[0151] The depth (length) and diameter of drilled hole 61b are determined depending on the thickness of concrete 61 and the length and diameter of the anchor element to be fixed. In particular, the depth of drilled hole 61b is preferably at least 5 to 10 times the diameter of the anchor element. For example, when the anchor element is a D25 rebar (the name of a deformed steel bar specified in JIS G3112 (2010): nominal diameter 25.4 mm), drilled hole 61b may have a depth of 125 to 250 mm, specifically 175 to 200 mm, and even more specifically 175 to 180 mm, and a diameter of 27 to 38 mm, specifically 30 to 35 mm, and even more specifically 30 to 33 mm.

[0152] As shown in FIG. 5(b), the operator inserts the injection tube 24 into the drilled hole 61b until the tip of the injection tube 24 contacts the bottom surface 61b1 of the drilled hole 61b. Next, as shown in FIG. 5(c), the operator grasps the bag body 11 with, for example, the left hand 32, and applies pressure to both sides of the bag body 11 in opposite directions so that the inner surfaces of the bag body 11 contact each other. This causes the hardenable paste C2 in the bag body 11 to be discharged from the injection tube 24 and flow into the drilled hole 61b. At this time, it is preferable to discharge the hardenable paste C2 by squeezing the bag body 11 from the lower end edge portion 11a3 toward the injection tube 24 with the hands 31 and 32. Alternatively, the operator may gradually roll up the bag body 11 with the hands 31 and 32 from the lower end edge portion 11a3 toward the port 12, thereby applying pressure to the hardenable paste C2 in the bag body 11 and discharging it from the injection connector 23 and the injection tube 24.

[0153] As shown in FIG. 5(c), the worker gradually moves the pack 10 in the direction X away from the opening of the drilled hole 61b while injecting the hardenable paste C2 into the drilled hole 61b. At this time, the worker continues to inject the hardenable paste C2 while keeping the tip of the injection tube 24 in contact with the liquid surface of the hardenable paste C2. As a result, the injection amount of the hardenable paste C2 increases within the drilled hole 61b, and the injection tube 24 moves in a direction to be removed from the drilled hole 61b. The worker can also sense the pressure of the hardenable paste C2 generated as the liquid surface of the hardenable paste C2 moves toward the opening of the drilled hole 61b. This allows the worker to recognize that the hardenable paste C2 is being injected smoothly.

[0154] As the worker continues this operation, the injection amount indication mark 25 appears and disappears at the opening of the drilled hole 61b, as shown in Figure 5(d). When the worker visually confirms that the injection amount indication mark 25 has appeared and disappeared at the opening of the drilled hole 61b, the worker handles and extrudes the hardenable paste C2 from the inside of the bag body 11 and the inside of the injection tube 24 from the bag body 11 to the injection amount indication mark 15 up to the injection amount indication mark 15, thereby completing the injection of the hardenable paste C2 into one drilled hole 61b. In this way, the worker can complete the injection of the hardenable paste C2 by simply performing the simple task of moving the pack 10 and watching the opening of the drilled hole 61b during the injection process of the hardenable paste C2, leaving only the volume of the portion of the anchor element inserted into the drilled hole 61b in the drilled hole 61b. As a result, when the anchor element is inserted into the drilled hole 61b, it is possible to prevent the hardenable paste C2 from overflowing in large amounts from the opening of the drilled hole 61b, which is uneconomical.

[0155] Figure 5(e) shows the process of driving the anchor element. The anchor bolt 81, which is the anchor element, is long and approximately cylindrical, with a base end (see Figure 5(f)) that forms a surface approximately perpendicular to its central axis, and a tip end that is inclined relative to the base end surface and therefore has an elliptical surface. This makes the tip of the anchor bolt 81 sharp, making it easy to insert into the drilled hole 61b filled with hardenable paste C2. Multiple ribs 81a protrude from the tip to the middle of the anchor bolt 81. A male thread 81b is provided on the surface of the base end of the anchor bolt 81. A nut 83 that secures the support post of the rockfall protection net is screwed onto this male thread 81b (see Figure 5(f)). The overall length of anchor bolt 81 satisfies the anchor bolt fixing length specified in the standard, and is longer than the drilling length (depth) of drilled hole 61b so that when anchor bolt 81 is driven into drilled hole 61b, the male thread 81b protrudes from the opening of drilled hole 61b. Note that the tip of anchor bolt 81 does not have to be sharp, and even a so-called cut-to-length product with a substantially circular end face can be inserted sufficiently without any problems.

[0156] There are no particular limitations on the dimensions of the anchor bolt 81, but for example, deformed steel bars with names D4 to D51 specified in JIS G3112 (2010) can be used. The anchor bolt 81 may also be a fully threaded bolt with a nominal diameter of M6 to M100.

[0157] The worker holds the base end of the anchor bolt 81 with the right hand 31 (or left hand 32, or both hands) and inserts it into the hardenable paste C2 in the drilled hole 61b while rotating the anchor bolt 81 around its central axis to prevent air from getting mixed into the hardenable paste C2. The hardenable paste C2 has appropriate fluidity, and the sharp tip of the anchor bolt 81 allows the worker to drive the anchor bolt 81 into the drilled hole 61b filled with the hardenable paste C2 without much force. The worker performs this process within the usable time, which is the time from when the hardenable paste C2 is prepared to when it starts to set. If the usable time is exceeded, the fluidity of the hardenable paste C2, which has reached the start of setting, gradually decreases, increasing the resistance to driving the anchor bolt 81 and making it difficult to drive it manually with the right hand 31 (and / or left hand 32).

[0158] The worker supports the anchor bolt 81 with his hands 31 and 32 so that it is at a predetermined angle in the drilled hole 61b. As the hardenable paste C2 reaches the end of setting and begins to harden, the anchor bolt 81 becomes fixed in the drilled hole 61b while maintaining the predetermined angle without the worker's support. If necessary, the worker removes the small amount of hardenable paste C2 that has overflowed from the drilled hole 61b. The worker then moves to another drilled hole 61b and repeats the steps shown in Figures 5(b) to 5(e).

[0159] Since the pack 10 contains a sufficient amount of hardenable paste C2 prepared from 100 to 3000 g of hydraulic composition C1, the worker does not need to prepare new hardenable paste C2 using a separate pack 10 each time. Therefore, in a medium-scale construction project in which anchor elements are to be fixed in several tens of drilled holes 61b, this hardenable paste application method allows the injection of hardenable paste C2 and the insertion of anchor elements to be carried out as a continuous assembly line without interruption, thereby reducing the burden on the worker and contributing to shortening the work time.

[0160] 5(f) shows the lining concrete 61 after the processes shown in Fig. 5(a) to (e). A hardened body C3 formed by hardening of the hardenable paste C2 seals the opening of the drilled hole 61b and also tightly fills the space between the inner wall surface of the drilled hole 61b and the anchor bolt 81. The anchor bolt 81 is fixed to the lining concrete 61, and a nut 83 is threaded onto the male thread 81b at its base end, fixing the support 82. The anchor effect of the rib 81a improves the pull-out strength of the anchor bolt 81 from the hardened body C3. [Example]

[0161] Hereinafter, examples of the hydraulic composition to which the present invention is applied, a hardening paste application kit using the same, and a method for fixing an anchor element by the hardening paste application method will be described in detail.

[0162] (Example 1 and Comparative Example 1) (Preparation of hydraulic composition) The raw materials, high-early-strength Portland cement (Ube Mitsubishi Cement Corporation, high-early-strength Portland cement), alumina cement (Denka Company, Ltd., Alumina Cement No. 1 molten product), quick-setting admixture (Noritake Company, Limited, β-type SB hemihydrate gypsum), STARVIS 308F (BASF Japan Ltd., product name) as a viscosity modifier, a 20:1:30:1 mass ratio mixture of trisodium citrate hydrate, lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and Aerosil (Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., product name) as a set modifier, and silica sand No. 4 (Nippou Kogyo Co., Ltd., product name) as a fine aggregate, were weighed out in the mass ratios shown in Table 1, charged into a mixer, and stirred to prepare the hydraulic compositions of the Preparation Examples.

[0163] A hydraulic composition consisting of only high-early-strength Portland cement, the same as that used in the Preparation Examples, was used as a Preparation Comparative Example.

[0164] [Table 1]

[0165] (Preparation of fixative capsules) 450 g of the hydraulic compositions of Preparation Examples and Preparation Comparative Examples were mixed in a 40 g / m 2 The mixture was then sealed in a water-permeable cylindrical container made of a nonwoven sheet of Heatlon paper to obtain fixing agent capsules of the example and comparative example, each having a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 34 mm.

[0166] (Measurement of water / cement ratio) The weight of the fixing agent capsule of the example was measured, and then it was immersed in tap water at 20°C for 5 minutes, removed, and the weight was measured. The water / cement ratio, which is the percentage of the weight before immersion to the weight after immersion, was calculated and found to be 29%.

[0167] (Compression test) After measuring the water / cement ratio, the water-permeable cylindrical container of the fixing agent capsule of the example was broken, and the aggregated fixing agent was removed and placed in a cylindrical cartridge having a capped tip and an opening at the base end. Using a mixer consisting of a stirring rod (manufactured by Fujiwara Sangyo Co., Ltd., product name: Paint Mixer SPM-4) with a stirring blade at the tip of the rotating rod connected to an electric impact driver, the stirring blade was inserted into the cylindrical cartridge through the opening and stirred for 1 minute to disperse the aggregated fixing agent within the cylindrical cartridge, preparing the hardenable paste of the example. The hardenable paste of the example was poured into a mold, and a hardened body of the example was produced in accordance with JIS A1108 (2006). Compressive strength tests were conducted on this hardened body in accordance with the same standard, and the compressive strength (N / mm) was measured after 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days of curing. 2 ) was measured. All curing conditions were 20°C and relative humidity 90%. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0168] The hardened materials of the comparative examples were prepared in the same manner as in the examples, and the compressive strengths thereof were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0169] [Table 2]

[0170] The hardened product using the hydraulic composition of the example achieved a resistance of 50N / mm after just 3 hours of curing. 2 After 7 days, the compressive strength reached approximately 90% of that of the hardened body cured for 28 days. It was found that the hydraulic compositions of the Examples exhibited extremely high compressive strength even after short curing periods. On the other hand, the hardened body using the hydraulic compositions of the Comparative Examples exhibited significantly lower compressive strengths than those of the Examples.

[0171] (Anchor bolt tension test) A 28mm diameter hole was drilled using a hammer drill in a 1000 x 1000 x 3000mm concrete block. An anchor bolt (SD345 deformed steel bar, D22, nominal cross-sectional area 3.871cm, specified in JIS G3112 (2010)) was fixed to the concrete block. 2 The drilling length was set to 245 mm to achieve a 220 mm anchorage length for the 1000 mm long, 45-degree beveled tip. The fixative capsule of the example was immersed in tap water at 20°C with a water / cement ratio of 3 minutes. The hardening paste was prepared in the same manner as in the compression test. A lid was fitted to the opening of the cylinder cartridge, the cap screwed onto the end of the cylinder was removed, and a nozzle connected to an injection tube with an injection amount indicator mark on its outer surface was screwed onto the end of the cylinder, and the cylinder cartridge was set on the injection gun. The injection tube was then inserted into the drilled hole and the hardening paste was injected into the drilled hole. The injection of the hardening paste was continued while the injection gun was pulled toward the user. Injection was completed when the entire injection amount indicator mark appeared and disappeared from the drilled hole opening. The anchor bolt was then inserted into the drilled hole while being rotated by hand, and the anchor bolt was fixed into the concrete mass. After curing for one day at an air temperature of 20°C to produce a hardened mass, a tensile test was conducted in accordance with JIS G3112 (2010) using a tensile testing machine equipped with a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic jack connected to the pump that uses hydraulic pressure generated by the pump to pull the anchor bolt out of the concrete mass, a load cell that measures the load generated by the hydraulic jack, and a displacement meter that measures the displacement of the anchor bolt. The number of samples was N=3. The results are shown in Figure 6(a).

[0172] The comparative fixing agent capsule was subjected to a tensile test in the same manner as in the example, with the number of samples set to N=1. The results are shown in Figure 6(a).

[0173] Figure 6(a) is a graph showing the results of a tensile test on an anchor bolt fixed to a concrete mass using the hydraulic composition of the example, illustrating the correlation between displacement and load. The horizontal axis represents the displacement (mm) of the anchor bolt, and the vertical axis represents the tensile load (kN) of the anchor bolt. As shown in Figure 6(a), even when the tensile load exceeded 133.5 kN (the solid line between 120 and 140 kN in the graph), which is the yield point of the anchor bolt specified in JIS G3112 (2010), and reached 189.6 kN (the solid line between 180 and 200 kN in the graph), which is the fracture point (tensile strength) specified in the same standard, there was no fracture between the wall of the drilled hole and the hardened body, and the anchor bolt did not come out of the concrete mass. Note that the test was terminated when the tensile load reached 190 kN to avoid possible fracture of the anchor bolt. On the other hand, when the hydraulic composition of the comparative example was used, the hardened body came out of the drilled hole together with the anchor bolt before reaching the yield point specified in the JIS standard.

[0174] (Linear expansion test) A linear expansion test was carried out using a linear expansion measuring instrument (manufactured by Marubishi Scientific Machinery Works, Ltd.). This linear expansion measuring instrument has a rectangular parallelepiped formwork with an open top and longitudinal and lateral directions, a measuring probe connected to a displacement surface of the formwork, which is one of the lateral sides, and extends outward from the formwork to displace together with the displacement surface, and a displacement sensor that detects the displacement of the measuring probe. The displacement sensor is electrically connected to an information processing storage device.

[0175] Using the fixative capsules from the example, a hardenable paste was prepared in the same manner as in the compression test, except that it was immersed in tap water at 20°C for 5 minutes in an environment of 20°C temperature and 80% or higher relative humidity. This hardenable paste was poured into the top of the formwork, filling the cavity without any gaps. While maintaining the above environment, the hardenable paste was cured, and the displacement was detected with a displacement sensor, and the uniaxial linear expansion of the hardenable paste during the hardening process was continuously measured. The results are shown in Figure 6(b).

[0176] The comparative fixing agent capsules were subjected to a linear expansion test in the same manner as in the example, and the results are shown in Figure 6(b).

[0177] Figure 6(b) is a graph showing the results of a uniaxial linear expansion test of the hardenable paste. This graph shows the correlation between time and displacement. The horizontal axis represents time (hours), and the vertical axis represents displacement (mm). The thick line represents the Example, and the thin line represents the Comparative Example. Immediately after the start of the test, the displacement of the Example increases, then remains almost constant, and no decrease in displacement is observed. This indicates that the hardenable paste expands slightly immediately after the start of the test and does not shrink thereafter. This indicates that the hydraulic composition of the present invention is a cement-containing composition that shows slight expansion at the start of hardening and does not shrink. This indicates that the hydraulic composition of the present invention provides close contact between the hardened body and the inner wall surface of the drilled hole, allowing the anchor element to be anchored to the concrete skeleton with high strength. On the other hand, the displacement of the Comparative Example hardly increased immediately after the start of the test. This indicates that the hydraulic composition of the Comparative Example does not expand during the hardening process, so the hardened body does not adhere to the wall surface of the drilled hole, resulting in only low anchor strength.

[0178] (Example 2 and Comparative Example 2) (Pack Creation) Two rectangular multilayer films (160 μm thick) were prepared to form a bag. The multilayer structure consisted of a linear low-density polyethylene layer (LLDPE; 130 μm thick) / polyamide (nylon) layer (PA; 15 μm thick) / barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick) laminated in this order from inner layer to outer layer. The port, whose opening was sealed with a cap, was sandwiched between two 15 μm-thick nylon films and heat-sealed to secure the port. The upper edge of the port was designated as the upper edge, and the side edges were heat-sealed, leaving the lower edge intact, to produce a pack measuring 100 mm wide x 320 mm long. This resulted in a bag with a port and an opening at the bottom edge. 270 g of the hydraulic composition prepared in Example 1 was poured into the open lower edge of the bag. Thereafter, the lower edge was heat-sealed to contain the hydraulic composition in the bag, thereby producing a plurality of packs of the example.

[0179] The cap of the obtained pack was removed, and 87 g of water was poured into the bag from the port so that the water ratio (mass of water to mass of hydraulic composition) was 32%. The cap was fitted to the port and the bag was kneaded with both hands, then the cap was loosened and the bag was slowly pressed to expel the air from the port. After tightening the cap, the bag was kneaded again. After kneading for a total of 1 minute, no lumps were visible. 357 g of a hardenable paste of the example was obtained, in which the hydraulic composition and water in the bag were homogeneously kneaded.

[0180] A hydraulic powder consisting only of high-early-strength Portland cement, the same as that used in Example 2, was used as a comparative example. A pack was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the hydraulic composition used in Preparation Comparative Example 1 was used instead.

[0181] (Compression test) The packs of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 and the required amount of water (32% by mass) were placed in a constant temperature bath at 20°C. After 24 hours, the hardenable paste of the example was prepared by the same procedure as above in an atmosphere of 20°C. The bag of the pack was crushed and the hardenable paste was poured into a formwork from a nozzle, and a hardened body of the example was produced in accordance with JIS A1108 (2006). A compressive strength test was carried out on this hardened body in accordance with the same standard, and the compressive strength (N / mm) was measured after 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days of curing. 2 All curing conditions were 20°C and a relative humidity of 90%. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0182] [Table 3]

[0183] The hardened paste prepared using the pack of the example achieved a strength of 55N / mm after just one day of curing. 2 After 7 days, the compressive strength of the hardened body cured for 28 days was approximately 80% of that of the hardened body cured for 28 days. It was found that Example 2 exhibited extremely high compressive strength even after short-term curing. On the other hand, the hardened body of Comparative Example 2 exhibited significantly lower compressive strength than that of Example 2.

[0184] (Example 3, Comparative Example 3, and Tensile Test of Anchor Bolts) A 14 mm diameter, 70 mm long hole was drilled in a 1000 x 1000 x 3000 mm concrete block using a hammer drill. The anchor bolt (SD345 deformed steel bar specified in JIS G3112 (2010), name D10, nominal diameter 9.5 mm; standard yield strength 24.5 kN (= cross-sectional area of ​​SD345 deformed steel bar 126.7 mm)) was fixed to the concrete block. 2A 1000 mm long, 1000 mm tip was prepared. The hardenable paste of Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in the compression test. The cap was removed from the port, and a nozzle was screwed onto the port instead. An injection tube with an injection amount indication mark was then attached to the tip of the nozzle. The bag was squeezed by hand to inject the hardenable paste into the drilled hole. When the injection amount indication mark appeared and disappeared from the opening of the drilled hole, the hardenable paste inside the pack and injection tube up to the injection amount indication mark was pushed out, and then injection was stopped.

[0185] The anchor bolt was then inserted into the drilled hole while rotating it by hand, and the anchor bolt was fixed into the concrete mass to prepare a sample for tensile testing. The anchor bolt's fixed length at this time was 70 mm. After 24 hours of curing at 20°C to produce the hardened body of Example 3, a tensile test was conducted in accordance with JIS G3112 (2010) using a tensile testing machine equipped with a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic jack connected to the pump that uses hydraulic pressure generated by the hydraulic pump to pull the anchor bolt out of the concrete mass, a load cell that measures the load generated by the hydraulic jack, and a displacement meter that measures the anchor bolt's displacement. The number of samples was N=3. As a result, the anchor bolt did not come out of the concrete mass even when the tensile load reached 30 kN, exceeding the standard yield point, and the test was discontinued due to the risk of the anchor bolt breaking. The results are shown in Table 4. In this table, an "*" next to a value in the "Maximum Tensile Load" column for Example 3 indicates that the test was discontinued when the tensile load reached that value.

[0186] Furthermore, test samples were prepared in the same manner as above, with the name or nominal diameter of the anchor bolt changed as shown in Table 4. A total of 24 samples were prepared. To prepare these samples, the hardenable paste preparation process was repeated three times. Note that if the preparation amount is adjusted, it is not necessary to repeat the hardenable paste preparation process, and some hardenable paste may remain in the bag when all samples have been prepared.

[0187] The hardenable paste of Comparative Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in the compression test described above. Furthermore, samples for tensile tests were prepared in the same manner as in the examples. Since the hardenable paste ran out midway through the preparation of 24 samples, hardenable paste was prepared twice more. A tensile test was conducted on the prepared samples. As a result, the hardened paste of Comparative Example 3 came out of the drilled hole together with the anchor bolt near the standard yield point of the anchor bolt.

[0188] [Table 4]

[0189] (Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, and bending strength test) The hardenable paste of Example 4 was prepared using the same procedure as in "Preparation of Hardenable Paste" above. This was poured into a mold measuring 40 mm in length, 160 mm in width, and 40 mm in height, and cured for 7 days at 20°C and 90% relative humidity to produce three hardened samples for bending strength testing of this example. These hardened samples were subjected to bending strength testing at a loading rate of 50 N / s in accordance with "11.2.5 Bending Strength Tester" and "11.7.2 Bending Strength" of JIS R5201 (2015). A hardened sample of Comparative Example 4 was also prepared using the same procedure as in Example 1, and a bending strength test was performed. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0190] [Table 5]

[0191] As can be seen from the average values ​​in Table 5, the cured product of Example 4 had a significantly higher bending strength than that of Comparative Example 4. [Industrial Applicability]

[0192] The hydraulic composition of the present invention, as well as the hardening paste application method and hardening paste application kit using the same, are used to fix anchor elements such as anchor bolts and reinforcing bars when increasing the shear strength of existing artificial concrete structures or attaching workpieces to them. [Explanation of symbols]

[0193] 1 is a hardenable paste application kit, 10 is a pack, 11 is a bag body, 11a is a welding band, 11a1 is an upper edge portion, 11a2 is a side edge portion, 11a3 is a lower edge portion, 12 is a port, 12a is a cylindrical portion, 12b is a base portion, 13 is a cap, 21 is a bottle, 21a is a cylindrical mouth, 22 is an injection nozzle, 22a is an attachment portion, 22b is a conical portion, 22c is a rib, 23 is an injection connector, 24 is an injection Inlet tube, 25 is an injection amount indication mark, 26 is a fastener, 31 and 32 are hands, 61 is a concrete layer, 61a is a surface, 61b is a drilling hole, 61b1 is a bottom surface, 62 is a slope, 71 is a core boring machine, 71a is a core drill, 81 is an anchor bolt, 81a is a rib, 81b is a male thread, 82 is a support, 83 is a nut, 100 is a fixing agent capsule, 110 is a water-permeable cylindrical container, 200 is a tray, 300 is a cylinder cartridge, 310 is a cylinder tip, 310a is a cap, 310b is a nozzle, 310c is an injection tube, 310d is a fastener, 310e is an injection amount indication mark, 320 is a cylinder, 330 is an opening, 340 is a lid, 400 is a mixer, 410 is a rotating tool, 420 is a rotating rod, 430 is a mixing blade, 430a is an opening, 43 0b is the plate portion, 430c is the tongue portion, 430d is the protrusion portion, 500 is the injection gun, 510 is the tip support portion, 520 is the main body support portion, 530 is the piston, 540 is the operation portion, 540a is the trigger, 540b is the grip portion, 550 is the base end portion, 560 is the delivery rod, Ca is the aggregate, C1 is the hydraulic composition, C2 is the hardening paste, C3 is the hardened body, S is the gap, and W is water.

Claims

1. A hydraulic composition to be enclosed in a water-permeable cylindrical container or a bag-shaped pack, the hydraulic composition comprising: a hydraulic component containing portland cement, alumina cement, an accelerator, and a strength enhancer; a viscosity modifier; a setting modifier; and fine aggregate having a particle size classification of No. 4, No. 4.5, No. 5, or No. 5.5 in accordance with JIS G5901 (2016), wherein the strength enhancer is at least one selected from silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and kaolin; and the portland cement, alumina cement, accelerator, viscosity modifier, setting modifier, and fine aggregate are contained in a mass ratio of 20 to 60:30 to 70:10 to 40:0.1 to 1.0:1 to 10:10 to 40; and wherein naphthalene 1. A hydraulic composition for use in the preparation of a hardening paste that hardens by setting, the hydraulic composition being free of a delayed-type fluidizing agent selected from sulfonic acid-formalin condensates, melamine sulfonic acid-formalin condensates, aromatic sulfonic acid-formalin condensates, polystyrene sulfonic acid, lignin sulfonic acid, and salts thereof, and a carboxylic acid-based fluidizing agent selected from polycarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

2. 2. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, which is used for fixing anchor elements, repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks or tiles or filling joints, stopping water leakage, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or for making or decorating fixtures.

3. 2. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier is a thickener containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a cellulose derivative selected from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose; a natural polysaccharide derivative containing at least one of the cellulose derivatives; acrylamide; a starch ether; and a polyelectrolyte.

4. 2. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the setting regulator is a setting time regulator containing at least one selected from the group consisting of at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof selected from citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid; lignosulfonic acid or a salt thereof; a sugar alcohol selected from sorbitol, pentitol, and hexitol; a carbonate; and silica.

5. 2. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, comprising the Portland cement, the alumina cement, the quick-setting admixture, the viscosity modifier, the setting retarder, and the fine aggregate in a mass ratio of 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30.

6. 2. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, which does not contain a delayed-type superplasticizer.

7. a step of contacting a fixer capsule in which the hydraulic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is enclosed in a water-permeable cylindrical container with water, thereby causing the hydraulic composition to absorb the water and agglomerate the hydraulic composition; a step of removing the agglomerated hydraulic composition from the water-permeable cylindrical container and placing it in a cylinder cartridge having a tip at the front end and an opening at the base end, and then inserting a lid body, which moves within the cylinder cartridge toward the tip in response to pressure, through the opening; a step of pressing the lid to extrude the hydraulic composition from the cylindrical tip, and discharging a hardening paste obtained by mixing the hydraulic composition and the water onto a work site; and curing the curable paste. A method for applying a hardenable paste, comprising:

8. The step of discharging the mixture to the construction site includes a step of injecting the mixture into a drilled hole in a concrete body, The step of hardening the hardenable paste includes a step of inserting an anchor element into the drilled hole while piercing the hardenable paste, 8. The method for applying a curable paste according to claim 7, further comprising the step of fixing an anchor element.

9. A method for applying a hardenable paste as described in claim 8, characterized in that a nozzle having an injection tube with an injection amount indication mark attached to the tip is attached to the cylindrical tip, the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole to inject the hydraulic composition while the cylinder cartridge is moved in a direction to remove the injection tube from the drilled hole, and the injection of the hydraulic composition is completed when the injection amount indication mark appears and disappears from the drilled hole.

10. 8. The method for applying a hardenable paste according to claim 7, wherein the agglomerated hydraulic composition is stirred and agitated in the cylinder cartridge to disperse the hydraulic composition and prepare the hardenable paste.

11. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the water and the fixative capsules are in contact for 3 to 5 minutes.

12. 8. The method for applying a hardenable paste according to claim 7, further comprising the step of cleaning the inner wall surface of the cylinder cartridge after the step of discharging the paste onto the application location.

13. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the water-permeable cylindrical container comprises paper.

14. A pack having a bag containing the hydraulic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and a port communicating the inside of the bag with the outside at an upper edge thereof, and a step of pouring water into the pack through the port; a step of attaching a cap that prevents leakage of the hydraulic composition and the water to the port and applying an external force to the pack to mix the hydraulic composition and the water to prepare a hardenable paste; removing the cap, and then squeezing the bag to extrude the hardenable paste from the port and discharge the hardenable paste from the port to a treatment location; and curing the curable paste. A method for applying a hardenable paste, comprising:

15. The step of discharging the mixture to the construction site includes a step of injecting the mixture into a drilled hole in a concrete body, The step of hardening the hardenable paste includes a step of inserting an anchor element into the drilled hole while piercing the hardenable paste, 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising anchoring an anchor element.

16. The method for applying a hardenable paste according to claim 14, characterized in that the external force is a pressing force of a tool and / or human force.

17. A method for applying a hardenable paste as described in claim 15, characterized in that an injection connector having an injection tube with an injection amount indication mark attached to the tip is attached to the port, the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole to inject the hardenable paste while the pack is moved in a direction to remove the injection tube from the drilled hole, and the injection of the hardenable paste is completed when the injection amount indication mark appears and disappears from the drilled hole.

18. A method for applying a hardenable paste as described in claim 17, characterized in that the hardenable paste is ejected up to the tip of the injection tube, the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole, and the pack is moved in a direction to remove the injection tube from the drilled hole while the injection tube itself is squeezed and pulled up, and the injection of the hardenable paste is completed when the injection amount indication mark appears and disappears from the drilled hole.

19. 18. The method for applying hardenable paste according to claim 17, wherein the hardenable paste from the inside of the pack and the inside of the injection tube from the pack to the injection amount indication mark is injected into the drilled hole.

20. 15. The method for applying a hardenable paste according to claim 14, wherein a spout nozzle of a bottle containing the amount of water required to harden the hydraulic composition is inserted into the port, and then the water is poured into the pack.

21. 15. The method for applying a hardenable paste according to claim 14, wherein 20 to 40 parts by mass of the water is added per 100 parts by mass of the hydraulic composition.

22. A pack having a bag containing the hydraulic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and a port that connects the inside of the bag to the outside at an upper edge thereof; a bottle containing or for containing a required amount of water for hardening the hydraulic composition; a pour nozzle attached to or adapted to be attached to the spout of the bottle to fit into the port and pour the water into the pack; A hardenable paste application kit comprising:

23. a cap that can be screwed or fitted onto the port and that seals the hydraulic composition and / or the paste that is a mixture of the hydraulic composition and water; an injection connector that can be screwed or fitted to the port and has an injection tube with an injection amount indication mark fitted to its tip; 23. The curable paste application kit of claim 22, comprising:

24. 23. The curable paste application kit according to claim 22, characterized in that it is for fixing anchor elements.

25. 23. The hardenable paste application kit according to claim 22, wherein the pouch contains a maximum of 3000 g of the hydraulic composition.

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