Terminal, radio communication method, and base station

Abstract

To improve sensing performance.SOLUTION: A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure has: a receiving section that receives trajectory information related to a trajectory on which a plurality of times of measurement are to be conducted for aperture synthesis; and a control section that conducts the plurality of times of measurement at a plurality of positions based on the trajectory.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later) are also being considered. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Various sensing methods are being considered for future wireless communication systems. For example, a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) / base station (e.g., gNB) may transmit a sensing signal to the base station / terminal via a target.

[0006] However, the details of sensing involving terminals have not been sufficiently considered, and if this consideration is insufficient, there is a risk that the desired sensing performance will not be achieved.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that improve sensing performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives orbit information regarding an orbit along which multiple measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed, and a control unit that performs the multiple measurements at multiple positions based on the orbit. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, sensing performance can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B show an example of a monostatic sensing scenario at a BS or a UE. [Figure 2] 2A and 2B show an example of a scenario of inter-BS or inter-UE bistatic sensing. [Figure 3] 3A and 3B show an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between a BS and a UE. [Figure 4]Figure 4 shows an example of an NR positioning architecture. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows an example of a sequence of location services. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows an example of a synthetic aperture sensing method. [Figure 7] 7A and 7B show an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme. [Figure 8] 8A-8C show another example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows an example of a procedure for receiving orbit setting according to embodiment A1. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 1 of embodiment A1-2a. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to a variation of option 1 of embodiment A1-2a. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 shows an example of setting a circular arc type trajectory. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to multiple sets of information in option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 illustrates another example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to multiple sets of information in option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 illustrates another example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 shows an example of a sensing procedure according to Option 2-a of embodiment A2-0. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 shows an example of a sensing procedure according to option 2-b of embodiment A2-0. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (ISAC) The motivation for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is to achieve high sensing performance and new / extended services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and possible requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address different target industries / applications are considered, and some use cases may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, camera).

[0012] For example, use case 1 is sensing for tourist destination traffic management. For example, use case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0013] For ISAC, sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing are being considered. For sensing-assisted communication, sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation are being considered. For communication-assisted sensing, network sensing and coordinated sensing are being considered. To realize these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) operating radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are being considered. In addition, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC are being considered, including higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing.

[0014] In ISAC, the challenges are unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmitted signals, received signals) and sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmitted signals, reflected signals) through beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI / DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmitted signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals).

[0015] Three types of radar and communication systems are considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). Hereinafter, we focus on ISAC systems, where hardware and bandwidth are shared between radar and communication systems.

[0016] (wireless sensing) Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is a key enabler for the prospect of 6G cyber physical systems (CPS). ISAC can be realized by 5G-advanced (A) and 6G with the development of higher frequencies and wider bandwidths. The design of ISAC waveforms and sensing reference signals (RS) is a key technology for realizing wireless sensing.

[0017] Use cases for ISAC include the metaverse, high altitude platform station (HAPS) sensing, crowd estimation, etc. HAPS may be an aircraft with an altitude of about 20 km and may be used in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

[0018] HAPS sensing realizes ultra-remote distance sensing using echo signals based on the support of communication functions. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the strength of the echo signal, a sensing shape or sensing sequence with an extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal under a given transmission power.

[0019] (Sensing mode / method) Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station, gNB) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radar, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radar, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

[0020] Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications, which may be co-located or in separate locations.

[0021] A joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0022] A unified system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0023] Sensing in an ISAC system can be achieved by any of the following sensing methods: ◆Monostatic sensing: Monostatic sensing uses the idea of ​​monostatic radar. This sensing method requires one BS or one UE, and sensing is performed using echo signals. In this sensing method, there is no BS-to-BS, UE-to-UE, or BS-to-UE cooperation. A use case of this sensing method is, for example, imaging using terahertz. Bistatic / multistatic sensing: Bistatic / multistatic sensing using bistatic radar / multistatic radar. This sensing method requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs, and performs sensing by reflected signals. A use case of this sensing method is, for example, positioning. UE-assisted sensing: Sensing aided by the UE using the idea of ​​NR positioning. This sensing method requires a BS and a UE, and sensing is performed through communication (UL / DL) signals. This sensing method works within the existing 5G NR framework. This sensing method requires a UE, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. An example of a use case for this sensing method is breath monitoring.

[0024] [Monostatic sensing] This sensing method includes BS (gNB) monostatic sensing (Figure 1A) and UE monostatic sensing (Figure 1B).

[0025] A scenario suitable for monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◆ The sensing target is in the vicinity of the sensing BS / UE, and high or medium SNR of the echo signal is required. ◆The target does not need to have communication capabilities.

[0026] The capability requirements for monostatic sensing have the following characteristics: High capacity is required for full duplex at the BS or UE.

[0027] The performance of monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◆By not using quantization, accuracy is increased. *Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◆Latency is short.

[0028] [Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing] This sensing method includes bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 (BS1-to-BS2, BS1-BS2) (Figure 2A), bistatic sensing from UE to BS (UE-to-BS, UE-BS) (Figure 2B), bistatic sensing from BS to UE (BS-to-UE, BS-UE) (Figure 3A), and bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2 (UE1-to-UE2, UE1-UE2) (Figure 3B).

[0029] A scenario suitable for bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 has the following characteristics: * Tight synchronization and coordination between BSs is required, and scheduling coordination among multiple BSs is required. ◆The target does not need to have communication capabilities.

[0030] The capability requirements for bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 have the following characteristics: ◆Because it is half duplex, it can be achieved even with low capacity. *High capacity is required for synchronization between BSs.

[0031] The performance of bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 has the following characteristics: ◆By not using quantization, accuracy is increased. *Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◆Latency is medium.

[0032] Scenarios suitable for UE-to-BS bistatic sensing, BS-to-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◆It is required that there is a communicating UE around the target.

[0033] The capability requirements for bistatic sensing from the UE to the BS have the following characteristics: ◆Because it is half duplex, it can be achieved even with low capacity. High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0034] The capability requirements for bistatic sensing from BS to UE and bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2 have the following characteristics: ◆Because it is half duplex, it can be achieved even with low capacity. The UE needs sufficient computational resources and high accuracy in detecting reflected signals. High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0035] The performance of UE-to-BS bistatic sensing, BS-to-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◆Quantization of the feedback value results in medium accuracy. ◆The accuracy is related to the deployed resources and the UE location. ◆Latency is long.

[0036] In each of the embodiments described below, the following scenarios and assumptions may be used. *In ISAC scenarios, communication and sensing functions are required. For lower complexity and backward compatibility, TDD (half duplex) may be envisaged instead of full duplex at the BS and UE.

[0037] In a TDD-based ISAC system, sensing signals and reflected / echo signals are preferably transmitted and received in different time resources. For example, in BS-based sensing, including monostatic BS sensing and bistatic BS1-to-BS2 sensing, sensing signals are preferably transmitted in DL time resources, and reflected / echo signals are preferably received in UL time resources. For example, in UE-based sensing, including monostatic UE sensing and bistatic UE1-to-UE2 sensing, sensing signals are preferably transmitted in UL time resources, and reflected / echo signals are preferably received in DL time resources. In bistatic BS-to-UE sensing, DL time resources are preferably used for sensing. In bistatic UE-to-DL sensing, UL time resources are preferably used for sensing.

[0038] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing mode, sensing method, sensing type, and sensing use case may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0039] (UE positioning using AI technology) Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the location of wireless devices by utilizing the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS) scenarios.

[0040] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in an environment where they can see each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there are obstructions).

[0041] Fingerprinting location estimates the UE's location based on a database / AI model from the fingerprints of the UE's multiple transmission paths (multipath).

[0042] The multipath information may be, for example, information relating to the Angle of Arrival (AoA) / Angle of Departure (AoD) of the signal for optimal / candidate transmission paths.

[0043] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of arrival and zenith angles of arrival, and the information on AoD may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of departure and zenith angles of departure.

[0044] 3GPP Rel.16 NR supports the following positioning technologies: ◆ Positioning based on DL / UL Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA), ◆ Positioning based on angles (DL AoD / UL AoA), ◆ Positioning based on multi-Round Trip Time (RTT), ◆Positioning based on Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID).

[0045] In positioning based on DL / UL TDOA, for example, assume that multiple base stations (TRP#0-#2) are located around the UE. In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated (measured) using a measurement value of the Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD). For example, the RSTD (Time Difference Between RSTDs) for two specific base stations (TRP#i, #j (i and j are integers)) is i -T j ) for some value (k i,j ) to draw the hyperbola H i,j The intersection of multiple such hyperbolas (H in this example) 0,1、 H 1,2、 H 2,0 The location of the UE may be estimated by using the RSRP of the reference signal.

[0046] In a DL AoD / UL AoA based positioning method, the UE location is estimated using DL AoD measurements (e.g., θ or φ) or UL AoA measurements (e.g., θ or φ). The UE location may also be estimated using RSRP.

[0047] In a multi-RTT-based positioning method, the location of a UE is estimated using multiple RTTs calculated from the Tx / Rx time difference of reference signals (and additionally RSRP, RSRQ, etc.). For example, geometric circles based on the RTTs can be drawn with each base station at its center. The intersection of these multiple circles may be estimated as the location of the UE.

[0048] E-CID based positioning / In this positioning method, the UE's location is estimated based on the geometric location of the serving cell / neighbor cells and additional measurements (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0049] The positioning in the DL (DL TDOA, DL AoD) described above may be performed by the UE side or the LMF side. For example, in UE-based positioning, the UE may calculate the UE position based on various measurement results of the UE and assistance information from the LMF. In addition, in UE-assisted positioning, the UE may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE position. The assistance information may be information for assisting in estimating the UE's position.

[0050] The above-mentioned positioning in UL (UL TDOA, UL AoA) may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0051] The above-mentioned DL and UL (multi-RTT, E-CID) positioning may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position.

[0052] Furthermore, in 3GPP Rel. 17, a positioning method using assistance information is proposed for the purpose of further improving positioning accuracy. The assistance information may be transmitted between the UE, the base station, and the LMF as measurement information for the above-mentioned DL / UL-TDOA, DL-AoD / UL-AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID.

[0053] The assistance information may include information regarding at least one of the following: ◆Timing Error Group (TEG), ◆RSRPP (path-specific RSRP), ◆Expected angle, ◆Adjacent beam information, ◆TRP antenna / beam information, ◆LOS / NLOS indicator, ◆Additional path reports.

[0054] The TEG may indicate one or more Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resources whose transmit / receive timing errors (Rx / Tx timing errors) are within a certain margin.

[0055] The RSRPP may indicate the measurement result of the RSRP on the first pass.

[0056] In UL positioning, the assistance information regarding the expected angle may indicate an expected UL-AoA / ZoA. The assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the base station. The assistance information may also support at least one of UL TDOA, UL AoA, and multi-RTT positioning.

[0057] In DL positioning, the assistance information regarding the expected angle may include information regarding the expected DL-AoA / ZoA or DL-AoD / ZoD. The assistance information may be transmitted to the UE from the LMF. The assistance information may also support at least one of DL TDOA, DL AoA, and multi-RTT positioning. This improves the accuracy of angle-based UE positioning and enables optimization of Rx beamforming for the UE or base station.

[0058] The assistance information regarding the predicted angles may include, in addition to the information on the values ​​of AoA / ZoA / AoD / ZoD themselves as described above, information indicating the uncertainty range of these values.

[0059] As additional beam information, the neighboring beam information may include information about a subset of DL-PRS resources (Option 1) for the purpose of prioritizing DL-AoD reports, or the boresight direction of each DL-PRS resource (Option 2), allowing for optimization of UE Rx beam sweeping and DL-AoD measurements.

[0060] As additional beam information, the assistance information may also include PRS beam pattern information, which may include information regarding the relative power between DL-PRS resources for each angle for each TRP.

[0061] The LOS / NLOS indicator may indicate information regarding Line Of Site (LOS) / Non-Line Of Site (NLOS).

[0062] In addition, in order to improve the UE positioning delay, pre-configured measurement gaps (MG), activation of MG via lower layers, MG-less location, PRS Rx / Tx in RRC_INACTIVE state, or on-demand PRS may be configured for the UE (or may be used by the UE).

[0063] In 3GPP Rel.17 NR, it is agreed that the UE measures / reports the RSRP of neighboring beams to improve the accuracy of UE location estimation. For example, in the UE-assisted DL-AoD positioning method, the LMF can indicate at least one of the following options 1 to 2 in the assistance information:

[0064] ◆ Option 1: Subset of PRS resources for DL-AOD reporting prioritization. The subset may be configured for each PRS resource depending on the UE capabilities. The UE may include requested PRS measurements for a subset of PRSs in the DL-AoD additional measurements if requested PRS measurements are reported for the associated PRS. The requested PRS measurements may be DL PRS RSRP / path PRS RSRP. The UE may report PRS measurements only for a subset of PRS resources. Note that the subset associated with a PRS resource may be in the same / different PRS resource set as the PRS resource. ◆ Option 2: Information about the boresight direction to be configured for each PRS resource depending on the UE capabilities.

[0065] In 3GPP Rel.16 NR, it is agreed that the expected RSTD and its uncertainty range will be indicated to the UE from the LMF. Furthermore, in Rel.17, it is agreed that the expected angle and its uncertainty range will be indicated to the UE from the LMF to reduce errors and complexity in AoA / AoD measurements.

[0066] 3GPP Rel.17 NR is considering the introduction of a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) for positioning. The PRU is being discussed as a reference device with a known location to mitigate transmission and reception timing errors of UEs and gNBs. PRU may also be interpreted as UEs, gNBs, transmission reception points (TRPs), or transmission points (TPs).

[0067] For example, a PRU may support at least one of the following: ◆Measure DL PRS and report related measurements (e.g., RSTD / transmit / receive time difference / RSRP) to the LMF; ◆ Transmitting SRS and enabling the TRP to measure and report measurements relative to the reference device (e.g., Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) / AOA) to the LMF; ◆ Operation, measurement, various parameters (parameters related to transmit / receive timing delay, AoD and AOA enhancement, and calibration of measurement values), If the LMF does not have the position coordinate information, report the position coordinate information of the reference device to the LMF; The reference device with a known location is a UE / gNB. ◆The accuracy with which the position of the reference device can be known.

[0068] There are two use cases for positioning using AI models: ◆ Direct AI / ML positioning, ◆AI / ML assisted positioning.

[0069] Direct AI / ML positioning outputs, for example, UE positioning (UE location), while AI / ML assisted positioning outputs, for example, intermediate features, which may be input back into the AI / ML model.

[0070] Example outputs of the AI / ML assisted positioning described above may include at least one of the following: ◆LOS / NLOS identification (LOS / NLOS probability), ◆ToA (PRS / SRS arrival time), ◆Rx-Tx (transmission and reception) time difference, ◆AoA / AoD, Number of waves, Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) phase difference (Rel.18 phase measurement), ◆DL RSTD / UL TDOA, ◆DL-PRS / UL-SRS, RSRPs / RSRPPs, ◆Likelihood of the above number (e.g., probability of ToA).

[0071] Rel. 18 positioning introduces sidelink positioning based on the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP). For example, SL-RTT, SL-AoA, SL-TDOA, and SL-TOA are introduced. For example, the sidelink reference signal used for position calculation is called SL-PRS. Measurements based on SL-PRS may include at least one of the following: SL PRS-RSRP, SL PRS-RSRPP, SL RTOA, SL AoA, sidelink receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference, SL RSTD, SL PRS-RSSI, SL PRS-channel occupancy ratio (CR), and SL PRS-channel busy ratio (CBR). Furthermore, measurements related to the carrier phase positioning method may include at least one of UL / DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) and DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD).

[0072] (Location Services: 5G System (5GS) Location Services (LCS) / Architecture Model and Concepts / Functional description of LCS per network function) The following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure: ◆5G Core Network: 5GC, 5GCN ◆5G System:5GS ◆[Radio] Access Network:[R]AN ◆Next Generation-Radio Access Network:NG-RAN ◆Access and Mobility Management Function:AMF ◆Location Management Function:LMF ◆Non-3GPP InterWorking Function:N3IWF ◆Mobile Originated Location Request:MO-LR ◆Mobile Terminated Location Request:MT-LR ◆Network Induced Location Request:NI-LR ◆Gateway Mobile Location Center:GMLC ◆Network Exposure Function: NEF ◆Public Land Mobile Network: PLMN ◆Trusted Non-3GPP Access Network: TNAN ◆Internet Protocol:IP ◆IP Multimedia Subsystem: IMS ◆Unified Data Management: UDM ◆Unified Data Repository: UDR ◆Quality of Service: QoS

[0073] The 5G system architecture includes the following service-based interfaces: ◆ Namf: A service-based interface presented by AMF. ◆Nnef: A service-based interface presented by NEF.

[0074] The 5GS LCS architecture includes the following service-based interfaces for Location Services: ◆Nlmf: A service-based interface presented by LMF. ◆Ngmlc: A service-based interface presented by GMLC.

[0075] The 5G system architecture includes the following reference points: ◆N1: Reference point between UE and AMF. ◆N2: Reference point between (R)AN and AMF.

[0076] The NG-RAN node is a gNB or ng-eNB. The gNB provides protocol termination for the NR user plane and control plane for the UE and is connected to the 5GC via the NG interface. The ng-eNB provides protocol termination for the E-UTRA user plane and control plane for the UE and is connected to the 5GC via the NG interface.

[0077] The gNB may provide measurement information for the target UE and convey this information to the LMF. To support NR RAT-dependent positioning, the gNB may perform measurements of radio signals for the target UE and provide the measurement results for position estimation.

[0078] The ng-eNB may provide measurement results for location estimation, provide measurement information for the target UE, and convey these measurements to the LMF. The ng-eNB performs its measurements upon request (on-demand or periodic) from the LMF. The ng-eNB may provide multiple TPs. The ng-eNB may broadcast the Assistance Data information received from the LMF in Positioning System Information messages.

[0079] The UE may perform measurements on DL signals from the NG-RAN and other sources such as E-UTRAN, different GNSS and TBS systems, WLAN access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE barometric and motion sensors. The measurements performed are determined by the selected positioning method. The UE may, for example, include independent positioning capabilities (e.g., global positioning systems (GPS)) that may enable it to report its location independent of NG-RAN transmissions. UEs with independent positioning capabilities may utilize assistance information obtained from the network.

[0080] The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) contains the functions responsible for managing the positioning of the target UE for all types of location requests. The AMF has access to the GMLC and NEF via the Namf interface, to the RAN via the N2 reference point, and to the UE via the N1 reference point. Functions performed by the AMF to support location services include: ◆ The AMF initiates an NI-LR location request for a UE making an IMS emergency call or to know the UE geographical area in which the NE has satellite access for PLMN selection verification. ◆The AMF receives and manages location requests for periodic location events, triggered location events, and location events available to the UE from the GMLC for 5GC-MT-LR and delayed 5GC-MT-LR. ◆AMF receives and manages location requests for 5GC-MO-LR from the UE. ◆AMF receives and manages event publishing requests for location information from NEF. ◆For AMF, select LMF. ◆The AMF receives updated privacy requirements from the UE and forwards them to the UDR via the UDM. ◆AMF supports cancellation of periodic or triggered location reports for target UEs. ◆The AMF supports changing the serving LMF for periodic or triggered location reporting for the target UE. ◆If the assistance data is broadcast by 5GS in encrypted form, the AMF receives the encryption key from the LMF and forwards it to appropriately subscribed UEs using mobility management procedures. ◆The AMF stores the UE positioning capability received from the LMF and sends the UE positioning capability to the LMF together with the received location request.

[0081] The Location Management Function (LMF) manages the support of different location services for the target UE, including UE positioning and delivery of assistance data to the UE. The LMF may interact with the serving gNB or eNB to obtain location measurements for the UE, including UL measurements made by the NG-RAN and DL measurements made by the UE and provided to the NG-RAN as part of other functions, such as for handover.

[0082] The LMF manages all standby coordination and scheduling of resources required for the location of UEs registering or accessing the 5GCN. It may also calculate or verify estimates of the final location and any velocity and estimate the achieved accuracy. The LMF receives location requests for target UEs from the serving AMF using the Nlmf interface. The LMF interacts with UEs for location information exchange, which applies to UE assisted and UE based positioning methods, and interacts with the NG-RAN, N3IWF, or TNAN to obtain location information.

[0083] Additional functions that may be performed by the LMF to support location services include: ◆The LMF supports a request for a single location received from the serving AMF for the target UE. ◆The LMF supports periodic or triggered location requests received from the serving AMF for the target UE. ◆The LMF determines the type and number of positioning methods and procedures based on the UE, PLMN capabilities, QoS, UE connectivity state per access type, LCS client type, coordinate type, and optionally, service type and an indication of requiring reliable UE location information. ◆ The LMF reports UE location estimates directly to the GMLC for periodic or triggered location of the target UE. ◆LMF supports periodic or triggered location cancellation for target UE. ◆The LMF supports the provision of broadcast assistance data via the NG-RAN in encrypted or unencrypted form and the transfer of encryption keys to authorized UEs via the AMF. ◆ The LMF supports changing the serving LMF for periodic or triggered location reporting for the target UE. ◆The LMF supports receiving stored UE positioning capabilities from the AMF and providing updated UE positioning capabilities to the AMF. ◆ The LMF maps the UE location to a geographical area in which the PLMN is allowed or not allowed to operate based on a request from the AMF. ◆LMF supports determination of UE location at scheduled location time. ◆LMF decides whether to use the user plane or the control plane for positioning. ◆The LMF supports handling of 5GC-MT-LR, 5GC-NI-LR, 5GC-MO-LR, and delayed 5GC-MT-LR for periodic or triggered location across the user plane connection between the UE and the LMF.

[0084] (NR Positioning Architecture: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / NG-RAN UE Positioning Architecture) The following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure:

[0085] Figure 4 shows an example of an architecture (NR positioning architecture) in 5GS applicable to UE positioning using NR or E-UTRA access. In the case of a split gNB architecture as in this example, the gNB-DU may include a TRP function, and the TRP function may support functions for the TP, the RP, or both the TP and the RP. The gNB-DU including the TRP function does not need to provide cell services. The NG-RAN includes the ng-eNB and the gNB.

[0086] The AMF receives a request for some location services associated with a specific target UE from another entity (e.g., a GLMC or a UE), or the AMF itself decides to initiate some location services on behalf of a specific target UE (e.g., for an IMS emergency call from the UE). The AMF then sends a location service request to the LMF. The LMF processes the location service request, which may include at least one of transferring assistance data to the target UE to assist in UE-based / UE-assisted positioning and positioning the target UE. The LMF then returns the results of the location service (e.g., a position estimate for the UE) to the AMF.

[0087] The NR-Uu interface (UE-UTRA radio interface), which connects the UE to the gNB wirelessly, is used as one of several transport links for the NR positioning protocol for target UEs with NR access to the NG-RAN.

[0088] The LTE-Uu interface (radio interface), which wirelessly connects the UE to the ng-eNB, is used as one of several transport links for the LTE positioning protocol for target UEs with LTE access to the NG-RAN.

[0089] The NG-C interface between the gNB and AMF, and between the ng-eNB and AMF, is transparent to all UE positioning related procedures. The NG-C interface is involved in these procedures only as a transport link for the NR positioning protocol.

[0090] The NL1 interface between the LMF and AMF is transparent to all UEs, gNBs, and ng-eNBs involved in the positioning procedure. The NL1 interface is used only as a transport link between the LPP and NRPPa.

[0091] As shown in Figure 5, the overall sequence of events for location services, which applies to the UE, NG-RAN, and LMF, follows several steps: ◆1a. Some entity in the 5GC (e.g., GMLC) requests some location service (e.g., positioning) for the target UE from the serving AMF. ◆1b. Alternatively, the serving AMF for the target UE determines that some location services are required (e.g., to locate the UE for an emergency call). ◆1c. Or the UE requests some location service from the serving AMF at the NAS level. ◆2. The AMF forwards the location service request to the LMF. ◆3a. The LMF initiates a location procedure using a serving ng-eNB or gNB in ​​the NG-RAN, and if possible, a neighboring ng-eNB or gNB in ​​the NG-RAN (e.g., to obtain location measurements or assistance data). ◆3b. In addition to or instead of step 3a, the LMF initiates a location procedure with the UE (e.g., to obtain a position estimate or position measurement or to transfer assistance data to the UE). ◆4. The LMF provides a location service response to the AMF, including any required results (e.g., an indication of success or failure and a location estimate of the UE if requested and obtained). ◆5a. If step 1a is executed, the AMF returns a location service response to the 5GC entity in step 1a, including any required results (e.g., the UE's location estimate). ◆5b. If step 1b is performed, the AMF may use the location service response received in step 4 to support the service that triggered it in step 1b (e.g., provide the GMLC with a location estimate associated with the emergency call). ◆5c. If step 1c is performed, the AMF returns a location service response to the UE, including any required results (e.g., a location estimate of the UE).

[0092] (NR positioning protocol: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / Signalling protocols and interfaces) The following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure: ◆Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method):E-CID ◆Observed Time Difference Of Arrival:OTDOA ◆Multi-Round Trip Time: Multi-RTT ◆Uplink Angle of Arrival:UL-AoA ◆Azimuth-Angle of Arrival:A-AoA ◆Zenith-Angle of Arrival:Z-AoA ◆Uplink Time Difference of Arrival:UL-TDOA ◆Downlink Time Difference of Arrival:DL-TDOA ◆Downlink Angle-of-Departure:DL-AoD ◆wireless local area network: WLAN ◆terrestrial beacon system:TBS ◆Metropolitan Beacon System:MBS ◆Positioning Reference Signal:PRS ◆UserPlane Location Protocol:ULP

[0093] The NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) conveys information between NG-RAN nodes and the LMF. It is used to support the following positioning functions: ◆ E-CID for E-UTRA, where measurements are transferred from the ng-eNB to the LMF. ◆Data collection from ng-eNB or gNB for support of OTDOA for E-UTRA. Acquisition of cell ID and cell portion ID from gNB to support NR cell ID positioning method. ◆ Exchange of information between LMF and NG-RAN nodes for the purpose of broadcasting assistance data. ◆NR E-CID where measurements are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆NR multi-RTT where measurements are forwarded from the gNB to the LMF. ◆NR UL-AoA where measurements are forwarded from the gNB to the LMF. ◆NR UL-TDOA where measurements are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆Data collection from gNBs for support of DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, multi-RTT, UL-TDOA, and UL-AoA. ◆ Measurement Preconfiguration Information Transfer, which allows the LMF to request NG-RAN nodes to preconfigure and activate / deactivate measurement gaps / PRS processing windows.

[0094] The LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) is terminated between the target device (UE in the control plane case or SET in the user plane case) and the positioning server (LMF in the control plane case or SLP in the user plane case).

[0095] The LPP protocol aims to enable NR and LTE positioning using multiple different positioning methods while separating the details of any particular positioning method from the details of the underlying transport.

[0096] LPP procedures involve multiple messages or one or more "unsolicited" message request / response pairings. Each procedure has a single purpose (e.g., transfer of Assistance Data, exchange of LPP-related capabilities, or positioning of a target device according to some QoS and one or more positioning method specifications). To achieve more complex purposes (e.g., transfer of Assistance Data and exchange of LPP-related capabilities, and positioning of a target device), multiple procedures can be used in series / parallel. Multiple procedures also allow for more than one positioning attempt at the same time (e.g., to obtain a coarse location estimate using low latency and a more accurate location estimate using high latency).

[0097] (Standard UE Positioning Methods: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / Main concepts and requirements / Standard UE Positioning Methods) The standard UE positioning methods supported for NG-RAN access are: ◆ GNSS method for network assistance ◆OT-DOA positioning based on LTE signals ◆Extended Cell ID method (E-CID) based on LTE signals ◆WLAN positioning ◆Bluetooth (registered trademark) positioning ◆TBS Positioning ◆Sensor-based positioning: - Barometric Pressure Sensor - Motion sensor ◆NR Extended Cell ID Method Based on NR Signals (NR E-CID) ◆Multi-RTT based on NR signals ◆DL-AoD based on NR signals DL-TDOA based on NR signals ◆UL-TDOA based on NR signals ◆UL-AoA including A-AoA and Z-AoA based on NR signals

[0098] OTDOA includes TBS positioning based on PRS. In the existing specifications, only OTDOA based on LTE signals is supported. If the UE is served by a gNB, E-CID includes the cell ID for NR methods. E-CID is an enhanced cell ID based on LTE signals. In the existing specifications, only TBS positioning based on MBS signals is supported.

[0099] Hybrid positioning using multiple methods from a list of multiple positioning methods is supported. Standalone (i.e., autonomous without network assistance) mode using one or more methods from a list of multiple positioning methods is also supported.

[0100] These multiple positioning methods may be supported for at least one of a UE-based version, a UE-assisted / LMF-based version, and an NG-RAN node-assisted version.

[0101] (synthetic aperture sensing scheme) In sensing modes involving UE (monostatic / bistatic), higher resolution sensing performance can be achieved based on a synthetic aperture scheme by taking advantage of the UE's mobility without any hardware changes.

[0102] In a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme, a UE moves between multiple set locations and transmits / measures sensing signals, thereby overcoming the resolution limitations of a physical aperture. A trajectory may be formed connecting the multiple locations. The UE may follow the multiple locations by moving along the trajectory.

[0103] Figure 6 shows an example of a synthetic aperture sensing method. In this example, a physical antenna (UE) moves between multiple locations and transmits / measures sensing signals to form a synthetic aperture. In this way, a moving small aperture antenna can achieve spatial resolution equivalent to that of an extremely large aperture array (ELAA) through temporal accumulation.

[0104] (Issues) Figure 7A shows an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme using bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE. In this example, a gNB transmits a sensing signal to a target. The UE receives / measures echoes from the target while moving along an orbit.

[0105] Figure 7B shows an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme using bistatic sensing from a US to a BS. In this example, the UE transmits sensing signals while moving along an orbit. The BS receives / measures echoes from targets.

[0106] 8A shows an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme using bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2. In this example, UE1 (a cooperative UE) transmits a sensing signal to a target. UE2 receives / measures the echo from the target while moving along a trajectory.

[0107] Figure 8B shows another example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing method using bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2. UE1 transmits sensing signals while moving along a trajectory. UE2 (a cooperative UE) receives / measures echoes from the target.

[0108] 8C is an example of UE monostatic sensing, in which the UE transmits sensing signals and receives echoes from targets while moving along a trajectory.

[0109] In the UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing method, in order to utilize the UE's mobility to achieve sensing resolution that exceeds the limits of the physical aperture, the measurement position needs to be recognized, but there has been insufficient research into methods for recognizing, determining, and sharing the measurement position.

[0110] In bistatic / monostatic sensing, where the UE moves and performs measurements, there has been insufficient consideration of the method for receiving / measuring sensing signals at the measurement position.

[0111] In bistatic sensing, where the UE moves and performs measurements, there has been insufficient consideration given to reporting measurement locations / measurement results.

[0112] If such considerations are not sufficient, it may not be possible to achieve the desired sensing performance.

[0113] Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method for improving sensing performance.

[0114] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0115] (Various reading changes) In this disclosure, words enclosed in "()" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the immediately preceding wording (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding the meaning of the entire sentence (ignoring the meaning of the entire sentence). Note that "()" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0116] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0117] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be interchangeable.

[0118] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0119] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0120] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0121] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0122] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, and ceiling function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, floor(x), floor function, and floor function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), square root of x, and root x may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x,y), mod function, and modulo operation may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i),Σ i=M M+N-1 f i , f(i) or f for i=M, M+1,..., M+N-1 i summation of f(M)+f(M+1)+...+f(M+N-1), f M +f M+1 +...+f M+N-1 , may be read interchangeably. C(n,k) is the number of combinations of k values ​​selected from n values ​​(combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n C k , C n k , may be read as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, x / y and floor(x / y) may be read as interchangeable. ||v|| for a vector v may be the magnitude / length / norm of v.

[0123] In this disclosure, A b , A_b, Ab, and A with b added to the bottom right may be read interchangeably. c , A^c, and the notation of A with c added to the upper right may be read interchangeably. b c, A_b^c, and the notation in which b is added to the bottom right of A and c is added to the top right of A may be read interchangeably. ~ may be expressed by adding 〜 to the x, or may be referred to as x tilde. - may be represented by placing a - on top of the x, or may be referred to as an x-bar. ^ may be represented by placing a ^ above the x, or may be called an x-hat.

[0124] In the present disclosure, reflection, echo, and scattering may be read interchangeably.

[0125] In the present disclosure, the wireless communication method, the sensing method, and the measurement method may be read interchangeably.

[0126] In the present disclosure, NW, gNB, CN, and [extended] LMF / sensing function (SF) / AMF may be interchangeable.

[0127] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing mode and sensing method may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms use case, sensing use case, service, sensing service, sensing service type, and sensing type may be interchangeable.

[0128] In the present disclosure, measurement, detection, estimation, calculation, processing, conversion, Fourier transform, DFT, FFT, and correlation operation may be read interchangeably.

[0129] In the present disclosure, the terms measurement value, received signal, measurement result, report amount, and channel path / channel information may be read interchangeably.

[0130] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing transmitter, transmitter, sensing station, wireless communication device, BS, gNB, UE, TRP, panel, UE, and cooperative UE may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sensing receiver, receiver, sensing station, wireless communication device, BS, gNB, UE, TRP, panel, UE, and cooperative UE may be interchangeable.

[0131] In this disclosure, the sensing transmitter may be a TRP or a UE that transmits a sensing signal used in the operation of a sensing service. The sensing transmitter may be in the same location / device as the TRP or UE as the sensing receiver, or in a different location / device.

[0132] In this disclosure, the sensing receiver may be a TRP or a UE that receives a sensing signal used in the operation of a sensing service. The sensing receiver may be in the same location / device as the TRP or UE as the sensing transmitter, or may be in a different location / device.

[0133] In the present disclosure, a TRP may be a network device that transmits / receives a sensing signal, such as a BS or a BS antenna. In the present disclosure, gNB and BS may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, a TRP, BS, IAB node, mobile IAD node, repeater, access point (AP), reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), drone, gNB, eNB, 6G BS, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0134] In the present disclosure, a sensing target, a target may be a target that needs to be detected by deriving the properties of an object in an environment from a sensing signal.

[0135] In the present disclosure, the background environment, the environment, may be a background (clutter / environmental objects) that is not a sensing target.

[0136] In the present disclosure, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are within the same TRP / UE.

[0137] In the present disclosure, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are in different TRPs / UEs.

[0138] In the present disclosure, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which a plurality of sensing devices, including at least one of a plurality of sensing transmitters and a plurality of sensing receivers, are used for a sensing target.

[0139] In the present disclosure, the sensing signal may be a transmission over a wireless communication interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0140] In the present disclosure, a header UE may be a UE that triggers / performs UE-to-UE (U2U) sensing based on a request from a NW / client UE.

[0141] In the present disclosure, a client UE may be a UE that requests other UEs to perform sensing and report the sensing results.

[0142] In the present disclosure, the anchor UE may be a UE that performs transmission / reception with the header UE in relation to sensing based on a request from the header UE.

[0143] In the present disclosure, time domain behavior, report type, periodic (P) / semi-persistent (SP) / aperiodic (AP) / event-triggered may be read interchangeably.

[0144] (Wireless communication method) In the present disclosure, information regarding the sensing area / area of ​​interest, such as the range, approximate location, etc., may be obtained by the network and indicated to the UE, or may be detected and obtained by the UE itself.

[0145] In the present disclosure, [one or] multiple locations may be configured / instructed by the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE.

[0146] In the present disclosure, in addition to the settings / indications / values / parameters according to each embodiment, the UE may use other settings / indications / values / parameters that explicitly / implicitly set / indicate [one or] more locations.

[0147] In the present disclosure, the location information of the UE may be obtained by a 3GPP-based positioning method / system or a non-3GPP-based positioning method / system. As another example, a BS or a similar entity may estimate the UE's location based on a sensing signal transmitted by the UE. In this case, the UE does not need to report its location.

[0148] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure assume that the UE moves on a two-dimensional plane, the application of the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to a UE moving in a three-dimensional space.

[0149] In the present disclosure, sensing control device, gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE / sensing transmitter may be interchangeable.

[0150] In the present disclosure, terms such as [one or] multiple locations [for the movement of a UE], trajectory, track, journey [including / following multiple locations], [movement] route, route, course, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0151] In the present disclosure, the terms "position [set / instructed by] a sensing control device," "designated position," "position where a measurement is to be made [by a UE]," "set position," "instructed position," "reference position," "measurement position," and "position index" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "orbit setting," "setting / instructing / reporting [a set of] [one or more] orbits," "setting / instructing / reporting [one or] multiple positions," "designated" orbit information, "designated" position information, "movement" information regarding an orbit [where multiple measurements are to be made], "designated position" information regarding multiple designated positions [where multiple measurements are to be made], and the like may be interchangeable.

[0152] In this disclosure, the terms "predicted by the UE," "predicted location," "estimated location," and "calculated location" may be used interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "predicted" location report and "predicted location" report indicating multiple predicted locations may be used interchangeably.

[0153] In the present disclosure, the terms location [actually measured by the UE], actual measurement location, reported location, measurement location tag [based on the measurement location], and measurement location information may be interchangeable.

[0154] In the present disclosure, information based on measurement location, [measurement location] tag, information, index, coordinate, [measurement location] record, [measurement location] log, [measurement] location information [report], and measurement location information [report of] indicating multiple locations where multiple sensing signals are respectively measured may be read interchangeably.

[0155] In the present disclosure, measurement results, measurement locations and measurement results, multiple measurement results associated with multiple measurement location [tags], [measurement] reports including multiple measurement locations and multiple measurement results, measurement location tag reports, measurement result reports, and sensing reports may be read interchangeably.

[0156] In the present disclosure, sensing signal configuration, sensing signal [resource / reception / measurement] configuration / instruction, sensing signal resource [configuration], and [signal] information related to sensing signals may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, multiple sensing signal configuration, multiple sensing signal [resource / reception / measurement] configuration / instruction, sensing signal resource set [configuration], and [signal] information related to multiple sensing signals may be interchangeable.

[0157] In the present disclosure, the terms "measurement position interval" and "interval between multiple designated / measurement positions" may be read interchangeably.

[0158] In this disclosure, the terms "measurement timing [at a UE] [of a sensing signal]" and "transmission timing [at a sensing transmitter]" may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms "measurement time interval," "interval between multiple measurement timings," "transmission time interval," and "interval between multiple transmission timings" may be interchangeable.

[0159] In the present disclosure, the terms error, deviation, and variance may be read interchangeably.

[0160] The UE may receive (from the sensing control device) signaling / information (orbit configuration indicating multiple designated locations or orbits, designated location information) for setting / instructing multiple locations (multiple designated locations) (orbit including the multiple designated locations) where measurements will be taken by the UE. The UE may predict multiple locations (multiple predicted locations) where measurements will be taken. The UE may transmit (to the sensing control device) a report of the multiple predicted locations. After transmitting the report, the UE may receive (from the sensing control device) a determined / updated orbit configuration. The UE may transmit (to the sensing control device) a report indicating multiple predicted locations based on the orbit. The UE may move to each designated location based on the orbit configuration and measure sensing signals corresponding to the designated location.

[0161] The UE may receive one or more sensing signals from a sensing transmitter at one or more designated / measurement positions. The UE may measure one or more sensing signals at one or more measurement positions based on the designated positions after the UE has moved, and record a measurement position tag based on the measurement position corresponding to each measurement result. The measurement position tag may indicate the measurement position or may be information corresponding to the measurement position. One or more sensing signal configurations associated with the configurations / instructions (trajectory configurations) of multiple designated positions may be provided, and the UE may measure multiple sensing signals associated with the multiple designated positions at the multiple designated positions.

[0162] The UE may send a report (measurement location tag report, measurement result report) indicating one or more measurement results and one or more measurement locations (tags) (to the sensing control device).

[0163] The sensing control device can improve sensing performance by performing aperture synthesis processing (sensing using synthetic apertures) [synthesizing multiple physical apertures at multiple measurement positions] based on reports on measurement results / measurement positions from the UE.

[0164] <Embodiment A1> This embodiment relates to signaling for setting / indicating multiple designated locations.

[0165] The UE may receive an orbit configuration for setting / indicating multiple designated positions. Figure 9 shows an example of a procedure for receiving an orbit configuration according to embodiment A1. The UE may receive an explicit or implicit orbit configuration for setting / indicating multiple designated positions from a gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE.

[0166] According to this embodiment, the UE can be appropriately set / instructed on a trajectory (multiple designated positions) for synthetic aperture sensing.

[0167] This embodiment may be based on at least one of the following embodiments A1-x.

[0168] <<Embodiment A1-1>> The multiple designated locations of the UE may be predefined by the specification, may be configured / indicated by the gNB via RRC / DCI / MAC CE / SIB, may be configured / indicated by the LMF / SF / AMF via LPP or a new protocol for sensing [such as LPP], or may be configured / indicated by the cooperative UE via sidelink or a new protocol for sensing [such as SLPP].

[0169] <<Embodiment A1-2>> The setting / indication of the multiple designated positions (trajectory setting) may be explicit or implicit. This embodiment A1-2 may be based on at least one of the following multiple embodiments A1-2x.

[0170] <<<Embodiment A1-2a>>> An explicit orbit setting may be set / commanded.Embodiment A1-2a may be based on at least one of the following options x / variations:

[0171] ◆Option 1 The orbit configuration may include a coordinate system and the coordinates of all designated locations. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 1 of embodiment A1-2a. In this example, the UE receives the orbit configuration. The orbit configuration includes a coordinate system "global coordinate system" and coordinates of N designated locations (x0, y0),...,(x N-1 ,y N-1) As in this example, the distance between two adjacent designated positions may be constant, or all designated positions may be arranged on an equally spaced grid. As in this example, in bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE, the BS may transmit a sensing signal at each of multiple designated positions of the UE [multiple measurement timings corresponding to the multiple designated positions], and the UE may receive the sensing signal at each of multiple designated positions [multiple measurement timings corresponding to the multiple designated positions]. The coordinate system may be a global coordinate system or another defined local coordinate system. The multiple designated positions may be uniformly or non-uniformly distributed along the trajectory.

[0172] ◆ Option 1 variation The orbit setting may include a coordinate system, coordinates of an initial designated position, and one or more position intervals (measurement position interval, designated position interval, relative position [vector], movement vector) from the initial or one or more previous designated positions to one or more subsequent (remaining) designated positions. FIG. 11 shows an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to a variation of option 1 of embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, the UE receives the orbit setting. The orbit setting may include a coordinate system "global coordinate system," coordinates (x0, y0) of the initial designated position, and one or more position intervals. The one or more position intervals may be a single value or multiple values. In this example, the orbit setting includes multiple position intervals, each of which has a unit length Δ in the x direction. x and the unit length in the y direction Δ yand a multiple of . Each specified position may be obtained by adding each position interval to (x0, y0). For example, if one or more position intervals have only one value Δ, the multiple specified positions may be distributed with the position interval Δ. For example, if one or more position intervals have multiple values ​​Δ1, Δ2, ..., the multiple specified positions may be distributed with the position intervals Δ1, Δ2, ... from the first specified position to the last specified position. Δ, Δ1, Δ2, ... may be a vector [indicating the relative position from a specific specified position to the next specified position] or a scalar [indicating the movement distance].

[0173] Option 2 The trajectory setting may include a type of trajectory (trajectory type), one or more parameters (characteristic parameters) / values ​​that represent the characteristics of the trajectory, a coordinate system, and one or more position intervals between multiple designated positions. FIG. 12 shows an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, the UE receives the trajectory setting. The trajectory setting includes the trajectory type "linear (type)" and values ​​of the start and end positions (x0, y0), (x N-1 ,y N-1 ), a coordinate system "global coordinate system", and one or more position intervals [between the N specified positions included in the trajectory]. Each specified position may be obtained by adding each position interval to (x0, y0). Figure 13 shows an example of an arc-type trajectory setting. As in this example, the trajectory setting includes the trajectory type "arc [type]", the radius r of the trajectory (arc), the central angle θ of the trajectory, and the coordinates (x0, y0) and (x N-1 ,y N-1 ), a coordinate system "global coordinate system", one or more position intervals [between the N specified positions included in the trajectory], the radius r of the trajectory (arc), the central angle θ of the trajectory, and the coordinates (x0, y0), (x r ,yr ), a coordinate system "global coordinate system," and one or more position intervals [between the N specified positions included in the trajectory]. A position interval may be the central angle from one specified position to the next.

[0174] The trajectory setting may include a measurement count (number of specified positions) N instead of one or more position intervals. The position interval may be obtained by dividing the distance traveled from the start position to the end position on the trajectory (trajectory length) by N-1.

[0175] Typical orbit types and specific parameters may be defined in a specification, may be configured, or may be reported by the UE as capability information.

[0176] For a particular trajectory type, there may be different characteristic parameters. For example, for a line type, the characteristic parameters may include the coordinates of the starting position, the extension direction, and the length. For an arc type, the characteristic parameters may include the radius r, the coordinates of the starting position (x0, y0), and the coordinates of the center position (x r ,y r ) and the coordinates of the end position (x N-1 ,y N-1 ) and at least one of.

[0177] Multiple sets of Option 2 orbit configurations may be supported in one orbit configuration. For example, an orbit type that is not defined / configured may be decomposed into multiple orbit types that are defined / configured [depending on the implementation]. The multiple orbit types may be indicated using multiple sets of Option 2 orbit configurations (or multiple sets of orbit configurations). FIG. 14 shows an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to multiple sets of Option 2 orbit configurations in embodiment A1-2a. In this example, a linear orbit type is defined as the orbit type, and a [complex / combined] orbit different from the defined orbit type is divided into five partial orbits #1 to #5, each of which may be a linear orbit. The orbit configuration may include five sets of Option 2 orbit configurations corresponding to the five partial orbits.

[0178] In one or more cases, multiple specific parameters may be integrated to reduce overhead. The one or more cases may include a case where a trajectory is continuous and multiple trajectories obtained by decomposing the trajectory are of the same type. Figure 15 shows another example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to multiple sets of trajectory configurations in Option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. In this example, a linear type is defined as the trajectory type, and a [complex / combined] trajectory different from the defined trajectory type is divided into three partial trajectories #1 to #3, and each partial trajectory may be of the linear type.

[0179] In this example, if no parameter integration is applied, the orbit configuration includes the following sets: -◆Set for sub-orbit #1. It is a set of line type and the values ​​of the start and end positions of the sub-orbit (x 11 ,y 11 ),(x 1n ,y 1n ), the coordinate system "global coordinate system", and the position interval Δ T1 and, -◆Set for sub-orbit #2. It has the line type and the values ​​of the start and end positions of the sub-orbit (x 21 ,y 21 ),(x 2n ,y 2n ), the coordinate system "global coordinate system", and the position interval Δ T2 and, -◆Set for sub-orbit #3. It is a set of line type and the values ​​of the start and end positions of the sub-orbit (x 31 ,y 31 ),(x 3n ,y 3n ), the coordinate system "global coordinate system", and the position interval Δ T3 and,

[0180] In this example, when parameter integration is applied, the trajectory settings are the linear type and the value of the trajectory start position (start position of partial trajectory #1) (x 10 ,y 10 ) and the end position of sub-orbital #1 (the start position of sub-orbital #2) (x 1(N-1) ,y 1(N-1) ) and the end position of sub-orbital #2 (the start position of sub-orbital #3) (x 2(N-1) ,y 2(N-1) ) and the end position of partial orbit #3 (end position of the orbit) value (x 3(N-1) ,y 3(N-1) ) and the position intervals Δ T1 , Δ T2 , Δ T3 The overhead of orbit planning when parameter integration is applied is less than the overhead of orbit planning when parameter integration is not applied.

[0181] The trajectory (multiple designated positions) may be expressed in three-dimensional coordinates. For example, the coordinates of the start position and end position of the partial trajectory #1 are (x 10 ,y 10 ,z 10 ),(x 1(N-1) ,y 1(N-1) ,z 1(N-1) ) may also be used.

[0182] The position interval for different trajectory types may have different definitions. For example, for a straight line type, the position interval may be defined as a coordinate increment along the x-axis (straight line). For example, for an arc type, the position interval may be defined as an angle increment.

[0183] Option 3 The trajectory configuration may include one or more parameters / values ​​related to UE mobility and a time interval for measurement (measurement time interval). For example, the one or more parameters may include the speed (speed / direction) of the UE movement v UE and the duration T of the UE movement. UE may be a vector or a scalar. The time interval may have one value or multiple values. Figure 16 shows an example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. In this example, the trajectory setting is performed based on the speed of movement of the UE, v UE , the duration of the UE movement T, and one time interval Δ t The position interval may include v UE *Δ t Each specified position may be obtained by sequentially adding a position interval to the start position. The end position may be obtained by adding v to the start position. UE 17 shows another example of bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. In this example, the trajectory setting is performed based on the speed of the UE movement v UE and the duration of the UE movement, T, and the number of time intervals [Δ t1 ,Δ t2 ,...,Δ t(N-1) ]. The position interval may include v UE *Δ tn (n=1, 2, ..., N-1) Each specified position may be obtained by adding each position interval to the starting position.

[0184] Option 1, Option 2, and Option 3 may be used independently or in combination.

[0185] <<<Embodiment A1-2b>>> An implicit orbit setting may be set / commanded. Embodiment A1-2b may be based on at least one of the following options:

[0186] ◆Option x The orbit configuration may include one or more parameters / values ​​related to sensing requirements. For example, the parameter may be the required sensing accuracy and its value may be 10 cm. For example, the parameter may be the required [synthetic] aperture size and its value may be 2 m. The UE may determine multiple designated locations for sensing based on the implicit orbit configuration.

[0187] ◆Option y The trajectory setting may include one or more indices of the specified location / trajectory. For example, the information may include location index #1. The one or more indices may be defined in the specification or may be set.

[0188] <Embodiment A2> This embodiment relates to the prediction / reporting of multiple locations (multiple predicted locations) where measurements will be predicted by the UE.

[0189] The UE may predict multiple locations and may report multiple predicted locations (predicted location reports).

[0190] A UE may predict and report multiple predicted positions of the UE based on its capabilities to assist the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE in determining orbital configuration, thereby improving the accuracy of orbital configuration and improving the accuracy of synthetic aperture sensing.

[0191] This embodiment may be based on at least one of the following embodiments A2-x / variations:

[0192] <<Embodiment A2-0>> The reporting of the plurality of predicted positions may be triggered based on at least one of the following plurality of options 2-x:

[0193] <<<Option 2-a>>> The report may be triggered by an event (an event-triggered report). The event may be, for example, a significant deviation between multiple locations (multiple designated locations) set / instructed by the sensing control device and multiple locations (multiple predicted locations) predicted by the UE (the magnitude of the error between the multiple designated locations and the multiple predicted locations exceeds an error threshold). The UE may make the report.

[0194] The method for determining whether there is a significant deviation between the plurality of designated locations and the plurality of predicted locations may be based on any of the following examples x.

[0195] - Example 1 Error [magnitude] δ actual and the error threshold δ, and the error satisfies the condition (δ actual ≥ δ), one or more measurement location tags may be reported. The error threshold δ may be defined in the specification or may be set. N location indices n=0, 1,...,N-1, a specified location l n , predicted position ρ n Whereas, the error δ actual may be based on any of the following examples 1-x:

[0196] --◆Example 1-1 error δ actual may be defined for all predicted positions. For example, the error δ for all predicted positions actual,all may be calculated as follows: δactual,all =Σ n=0 N-1 (||ρ0-l0||)+(||ρ1-l1||)+...+(||ρ N-1 -l N-1 ||) / Σ n=0 N-1 (||l0||)+(||l1||)+...+(||l N-1 ||) (E1)

[0197] The UE may determine whether there is a significant deviation between the plurality of specified locations and the plurality of predicted locations based on the result of determining whether the error satisfies the condition.

[0198] --◆Example 1-2 error δ actual may be defined for each predicted position. For example, the error δ for each predicted position (position index n) actual,n may be calculated as follows: δ actual,n =||ρ n-1 -l n-1 || / ||l n-1 || (E2)

[0199] The UE may determine whether there is a significant deviation between the corresponding designated location and the predicted location based on whether the error for each predicted location satisfies the condition.

[0200] - Example 2 The method for determining whether to report one or more measurement location tags based on the error may depend on the UE implementation.

[0201] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a sensing procedure according to Option 2-a of embodiment A2-0. In this example, the UE may receive an orbit configuration from a sensing control device (gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE / sensing transmitter). The UE may then predict multiple predicted locations and, upon occurrence of an event (a significant deviation between the multiple predicted locations and the multiple designated locations), report the multiple predicted locations to the sensing control device. The sensing control device may then determine / update new multiple designated locations based on the reported multiple predicted locations. The UE may then receive a [determined / updated] orbit configuration indicating the [determined / updated] multiple designated locations.

[0202] The UE behavior after that report may be based on one of several options 2-ax: ◆Option 2-ai: The UE continues current measurements / transmissions unless it receives any additional configuration / instructions from the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE. ◆Option 2-a-ii: The UE stops current measurements / transmissions until it receives further configuration / instructions from the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE.

[0203] <<<Option 2-b>>> To assist the sensing control device in determining multiple designated positions, reporting of multiple predicted positions prior to transmission of orbit settings for measurements may be triggered by the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE.

[0204] 19 illustrates an example of a sensing procedure according to Option 2-b of embodiment A2-0. In this example, the UE may receive a trigger for reporting multiple predicted locations from a sensing control device (gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE / sensing transmitter). The UE may then predict multiple predicted locations and report the multiple predicted locations to the sensing control device. The sensing control device may then determine multiple designated locations based on the reported multiple predicted locations. The UE may then receive a trajectory configuration indicating the determined multiple designated locations.

[0205] <<Embodiment A2-1>> The UE may report multiple predicted locations to the gNB via UCI / PUSCH / RRC IE / MAC CE, to the LMF / SF / AMF via LPP or a new protocol for sensing [such as LPP], or to a cooperative UE via the sidelink (e.g., physical sidelink shared channel, PSSCH) or a new protocol for sensing [such as SLPP].

[0206] <<Embodiment A2-2>> The multiple predicted locations may be reported explicitly or implicitly. In embodiment A1-2, "configured / instructed location (multiple specified locations)" is replaced with "predicted location (multiple predicted locations)" and "configuration / instruction (trajectory configuration)" [from gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE to UE] is replaced with "report (predicted location report)" [from UE to gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE], so that embodiment A1-2 may be applied to reporting of multiple predicted locations.

[0207] <<Variations of embodiment A2-2>> The predicted / reported information for multiple predicted positions may be incomplete (or may be part of the set / commanded information (orbit set)).

[0208] The completeness of the predicted / reported information may depend on the UE capabilities.

[0209] The predicted / reported information may be part of the information (trajectory setting) set / instructed based on at least one of the options in embodiment A1-2. For example, the predicted / reported information may include the trajectory type "straight line [type]" and the values ​​(x1, y1), (x N-1 ,y N-1) and a coordinate system "global coordinate system", which may or may not include one or more position intervals.

[0210] <<Embodiment A2-3>> The UE may receive a plurality of determined designated position configurations / instructions (trajectory configurations), which may be based on at least one of the following options 2-x:

[0211] <<<Option 2-1>>> The trajectory setting for the determined plurality of designated positions may be explicitly set / instructed or implicitly set / instructed. In embodiment A1-2, "plurality of designated positions" may be replaced with "determined plurality of designated positions," so that embodiment A1-2 may be applied to the trajectory setting for the determined plurality of designated positions.

[0212] <<<Option 2-2>>> The orbit settings for the determined designated positions may include the difference between the determined designated positions and the reported predicted positions. For example, if the reported information is the orbit type "arc [type]", the radius r of the orbit (arc), the central angle θ, and the coordinates (x1, y1) of the start position and the center position, (x r ,y r ), a coordinate system "global coordinate system," and one or more location intervals, the determined orbit configuration for the multiple designated locations may include a parameter (change amount) Δr corresponding to a change in radius r. The UE may recognize the determined multiple designated locations by adding Δr in the orbit configuration to the predicted / reported r.

[0213] <<<Option 2-3>>> The orbit setting for the determined specified positions may include confirmation / permission / acceptance of the reported predicted positions. For example, if the reported information is the orbit type "arc [type]", the radius r of the orbit (arc), the central angle θ, and the coordinates (x1, y1) of the start and center positions, (x r ,yr ), a coordinate system "global coordinate system", and one or more position intervals, the determined trajectory settings for the specified positions may include verification of the reported information.

[0214] <<<Others>>> Options 2-2 and 2-3 can reduce the overhead of orbit setting compared to Option 2-1.

[0215] <Embodiment A3> This embodiment relates to UE behavior with respect to signaling of multiple designated location settings / indications (orbit settings).

[0216] According to this embodiment, the UE can properly process / recognize the impact on other UE behavior based on the orbit setting.

[0217] The UE behavior in response to the orbit setting signaling may be based on at least one of the following embodiments A3-x.

[0218] <<Embodiment A3-1>> The trajectory configuration may be associated with DL RS configuration signaling and may affect the behavior of DL RS measurements by the UE. The DL RS configuration signaling may be a configuration / instruction of a set of DL RSs [resources] to be received at multiple designated locations, respectively. This trajectory configuration may apply to at least one of bistatic sensing from the BS to the UE and UE monostatic sensing.

[0219] <<Embodiment A3-2>> The trajectory setting may be associated with UL RS setting signaling and may affect the behavior of UL RS transmission by the UE. The UL RS setting signaling may be the setting / indication of a set of UL RS [resources] that will be transmitted at a plurality of designated positions respectively. This trajectory setting may be applied to at least one of bistatic sensing from the UE to the BS and UE monostatic sensing.

[0220] <<Embodiment A3-3>> The trajectory setting may be associated with reporting setting signaling and may affect the behavior of reporting by the UE. The reporting setting signaling may be the setting / indication of a report [time domain behavior [type] / report amount / resource] that includes at least one of a plurality of positions and a plurality of measurement results measured at the plurality of positions respectively.

[0221] <<Embodiment A3-4>> The trajectory setting may affect the trajectory (movement path) of the UE.

[0222] <<Embodiment A3-5>> The trajectory setting may be associated with sidelink (SL) RS setting signaling and may affect the transmission / reception behavior of SL RS by the UE. The SL RS setting signaling may be the setting / indication of a set of SL RS [resources] that will be transmitted / received at a plurality of designated positions respectively. This trajectory setting may be applied to at least one of bistatic sensing from the UE to the UE and UE monostatic sensing.

[0223] <Supplementary Note> <<Notification of Information to the UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0224] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not defined in existing standards. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may be an existing MAC CE with a new octet introduced.

[0225] When the notification is performed by DCI, the notification may be performed by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0226] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or the gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or the gNB).

[0227] In the above embodiments, the UE may receive from the NW at least one piece of information of several of the following QCL rules. ◆QCL type A ◆QCL type B ◆QCL type C ◆QCL type D

[0228] In the above embodiments, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of several of the following RSs. ◆SSB ◆Repeated / non-repeated CSI-RS ◆TRS ◆DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH

[0229] In the above embodiments, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by the following methods. ◆Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific ◆Cell-specific or common to multiple cells ◆Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG)

[0230] <<Notification of information from UE>> The notification of any information from the UE to the NW (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) in the above embodiments may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LPP message), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0231] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not defined in existing standards. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE by introducing a new octet.

[0232] If the notification is performed by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0233] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or the gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or the gNB).

[0234] <<Application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS, the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information(s) of at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ Upper layer parameters indicating the above specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information are set. ◆The above specific processing / action / control / assuming / information is determined based on the relevant upper layer parameters, ◆The above specific processing / action / control / assuming / information is specified / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS, Reporting or supporting specific UE capabilities that indicate (or relate to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information mentioned above; ◆The application of the above specific processing / action / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0235] The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: ◆Supporting the above specific processing / action / control / assumptions / information. ◆ Capabilities of each embodiment. * Capabilities of each option in each embodiment, or capabilities of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment. ◆The capabilities of each option in each embodiment, or the capabilities of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment. ◆ Supports setting / receiving instructions for one or more locations. ◆ Support reporting of one or more location settings / indications. ◆Support setting of movement trajectory for sensing based on received settings / instructions. ◆Support real-time positioning. * Support the derivation of one or more positions based on explicit / implicit settings / instructions. ◆ Support reporting whether or not setting / indicating one or more locations is supported by explicit / implicit methods. Support sensing methods that utilize UE mobility capabilities (e.g., synthetic aperture sensing methods). ◆Support measurement of sensing signals at one or more locations per sensing measurement configuration. ◆ Supports transmission of sensing signals at one or more locations per sensing measurement configuration. ◆Supporting trajectory prediction.

[0236] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0237] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (for example, Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0238] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0239] Information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆The information is set by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs / messages. ◆The information is determined by one or more relevant higher layer parameters / RRC IEs / messages. ◆The information is indicated by the MAC CE / DCI. The information is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆The information is based on the conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆The information is determined by a combination of several pieces of information above. For example, the information is determined by upper layer parameters / MAC CE / DCI settings / indications, and reported by UE capabilities.

[0240] The above embodiments / options / choices may be combined into one embodiment / option / choice.

[0241] In the above embodiments, the RS to be measured may be a QCL source RS in an active TCI state / indicated / unified TCI state.

[0242] <<Sensing / ISAC>> The information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on at least one of the following methods: ◆In bistatic sensing from BS to UE, the information is set / indicated / determined by one or more higher layer parameters (e.g., SIB / RRC IE / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI). ◆In bistatic sensing from the UE to the BS, the information is set / indicated / determined by one or more higher layer parameters (e.g., SIB / RRC IE / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), or is determined by the UE and reported to the BS via higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC IE / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI). ◆In bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2, the information is set / instructed / determined via the X2 / Xn / F1-AP interface between BS1 and BS2. ◆In all of the sensing methods mentioned above (BS monostatic sensing, UE monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2, bistatic sensing from BS to UE, bistatic sensing from UE to BS, bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2), the information is set / instructed / determined from the LMF / SF to the BS via the [extended] NRPPa protocol or the new sensing protocol, or set / instructed / determined from the LMF / SF to the UE via the [extended] LPP protocol or the new sensing protocol, or set / instructed / determined from the LMF / SF to the UE via the [extended] SLPP protocol or the new sensing protocol. The information is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆The information is based on the conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆The information is determined by a combination of several pieces of information above.

[0243] <<Notifying information to sensing transmitters>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the NW to the sensing transmitter (BS or UE) (in other words, reception of any information from the NW at the sensing transmitter) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., at least one of RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LPP message, SLPP message, and NRPPa message), a specific signal / channel (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof. In the present disclosure, NW, gNB, and [extended] LMF / SF may be interchangeable.

[0244] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not defined in existing standards. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may be an existing MAC CE with a new octet introduced.

[0245] When the notification is performed by DCI, the notification may be performed by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0246] In addition, notification of any information from the NW to the sensing transmitter in the above-mentioned embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF).

[0247] <<Notification of information from sensing transmitter>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the sensing transmitter (BS or UE) to the NW (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information to the NW by the sensing transmitter) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., at least one of RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LPP message, SLPP message, NRPPa message), specific signal / channel (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0248] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not defined in existing standards. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE by introducing a new octet.

[0249] If the notification is performed by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0250] In addition, notification of any information from the sensing transmitter to the NW in the above-mentioned embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF).

[0251] (Addendum) The following inventions are added regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. <Appendix 1> a receiver for receiving orbit information relating to an orbit on which a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis will be taken; a control unit that performs the plurality of measurements at a plurality of positions based on the trajectory, respectively. <Appendix 2> the receiving unit receives designated position information regarding a plurality of designated positions at which the plurality of measurements will be performed, the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted positions and controls transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted positions based on errors between the plurality of specified positions and the plurality of predicted positions; 2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein after the transmission, the receiving unit receives the orbit information. <Appendix 3> the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted locations and controls transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted locations; 3. The terminal of claim 1, wherein after the transmission, the receiving unit receives the orbit information. <Appendix 4> 4. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the orbit information is associated with at least one of a configuration of reference signals for the measurements and a configuration of reporting results of the measurements. <Appendix A> a transmitter for transmitting orbit information regarding an orbit on which a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed; a controller for controlling reception of reports indicating a plurality of positions based on the orbit. <Supplementary information> The terminal in Supplementary Notes 1 to 4 may be a user terminal 20. The receiver / transmitter in Supplementary Notes 1 to 4 may be a transceiver 220. The controller in Supplementary Notes 1 to 4 may be a controller 210. The base station in Supplementary Notes A may be a base station 10. The receiver / transmitter in Supplementary Notes A may be a transceiver 120. The controller in Supplementary Notes A may be a controller 110.

[0252] (wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0253] 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like, which are specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0254] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0255] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0256] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and the SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0257] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0258] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a super cell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, sub-cells). A super cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range is fixed, and a sub-cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range varies semi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0259] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0260] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0261] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0262] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0263] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0264] The core network 30 may include network functions (NFs) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and an Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that a single network node may provide multiple functions. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

[0265] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0266] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the radio communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0267] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0268] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0269] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

[0270] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit Master Information Block (MIB).

[0271] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0272] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as an UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0273] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor a CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0274] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be called a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0275] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), acknowledgement information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0276] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0277] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted as DL-RS.

[0278] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including the SS (PSS, SSS) and the PBCH (and DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as reference signals.

[0279] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0280] (base station) 21 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0281] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0282] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0283] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0284] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0285] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0286] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0287] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0288] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0289] The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0290] The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0291] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0292] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0293] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0294] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0295] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NFs), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0296] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0297] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may perform RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may perform higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may perform PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0298] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that implements all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0299] (user terminal) 22 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0300] Note that this example mainly shows functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0301] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0302] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0303] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured from a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0304] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0305] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0306] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0307] The transceiver 220 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0308] The transceiver 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0309] The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0310] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, the transceiver unit 220 may not perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0311] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0312] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0313] The transceiver 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0314] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0315] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0316] The transmitting section and receiving section of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0317] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or multiple devices with software.

[0318] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As mentioned above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0319] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0320] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be read interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0321] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0322] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0323] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmission / reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0324] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be realized in a similar manner.

[0325] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory, or the like. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0326] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be constituted by at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as a secondary storage device.

[0327] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0328] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0329] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0330] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0331] Note that the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NFs) may also be realized by the above-described functional block / hardware configuration.

[0332] (Variation) Note that terms explained in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0333] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0334] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, a symbol length, a cyclic prefix length, a transmission time interval (TTI), the number of symbols per TTI, a radio frame structure, a specific filtering process performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and a specific windowing process performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0335] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol), and may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0336] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0337] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0338] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0339] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0340] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0341] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0342] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0343] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0344] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0345] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0346] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0347] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0348] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0349] The BWP may include an UL BWP (a BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (a BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0350] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0351] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0352] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0353] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0354] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0355] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0356] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0357] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / identifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0358] Notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0359] Note that the physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, such as an RRC connection setup message or an RRC connection reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0360] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0361] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0362] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0363] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0364] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0365] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0366] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. The spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0367] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0368] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0369] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0370] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumptions," "QCL relationships," "QCL type information," "QCL properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0371] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0372] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0373] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0374] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0375] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0376] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0377] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0378] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0379] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0380] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0381] 24 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. A vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0382] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0383] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0384] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0385] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0386] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0387] The driving assistance system unit 64 is configured with various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0388] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0389] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0390] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0391] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0392] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0393] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as uplink channel and downlink channel may be read as sidelink channel.

[0394] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0395] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination thereof.

[0396] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0397] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The present invention may be applied to systems that use 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0398] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0399] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0400] The term "determining," as used in this disclosure, may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0401] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0402] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0403] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0404] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...," "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...," "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0405] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0406] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0407] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0408] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0409] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0410] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0411] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with the prefix "i-th" (i is any integer) (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable as "i-th highest").

[0412] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0413] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions, such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be nearly zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after the time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0414] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0415] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. a receiver for receiving orbit information relating to an orbit on which a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis will be taken; a control unit that performs the plurality of measurements at a plurality of positions based on the trajectory, respectively.

2. the receiving unit receives designated position information regarding a plurality of designated positions at which the plurality of measurements will be performed, the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted positions and controls transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted positions based on errors between the plurality of specified positions and the plurality of predicted positions; The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein after the transmission, the receiver receives the orbit information.

3. the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted locations and controls transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted locations; The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein after the transmission, the receiver receives the orbit information.

4. The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the orbit information is associated with at least one of a configuration of reference signals for the measurements and a configuration for reporting results of the measurements.

5. receiving orbit information regarding an orbit in which a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis will be taken; and performing the plurality of measurements at a plurality of positions based on the trajectory, respectively.

6. a transmitter for transmitting orbit information regarding an orbit on which a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed; a controller for controlling reception of reports indicating a plurality of positions based on the orbit.

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