817results about "Lime production" patented technology

Polymer nanocomposite implants with nanofillers and additives are described. The nanofillers described can be any composition with the preferred composition being those composing barium, bismuth, cerium, dysprosium, europium, gadolinium, hafnium, indium, lanthanum, neodymium, niobium, praseodymium, strontium, tantalum, tin, tungsten, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium. The additives can be of any composition with the preferred form being inorganic nanopowders comprising aluminum, calcium, gallium, iron, lithium, magnesium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium. Such nanocomposites are particularly useful as materials for biological use in applications such as drug delivery, biomed devices, bone or dental implants.

Methods to manufacture nanoscale particles comprising metals, alloys, intermetallics, ceramics are disclosed. The thermal energy is provided by plasma, internal energy, heat of reaction, microwave, electromagnetic, direct electric arc, pulsed electric arc and/or nuclear. The process is operated at some stage above 3000K and at high velocities. The invention can be utilized to prepare nanopowders for nanostructured products and devices such as ion conducting solid electrolytes for a wide range of applications, including sensors, oxygen pumps, fuel cells, batteries, electrosynthesis reactors and catalytic membranes.

A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO₂ compared to the inlet CO₂ concentration in the stream. The proposed process effects the separation of CO₂ from a mixture of gases (such as flue gas/fuel gas) by its reaction with metal oxides (such as calcium oxide). The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO₂ (CaRS-CO₂) process consists of contacting a CO₂ laden gas with calcium oxide (CaO) in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO₂ by the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Once “spent”, CaCO₃ is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO₂. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO₂. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS-CO₂ process. This process also identifies the application of a mesoporous CaCO₃ structure, developed by a process detailed elsewhere, that attains >90% conversion over multiple carbonation and calcination cycles. Lastly, thermal regeneration (calcination) under vacuum provided a better sorbent structure that maintained reproducible reactivity levels over multiple cycles.

A method is provided for treating black liquor particularly derived from non-wood pulp, by heating with an alkaline earth metal oxide in a toroidal fluidised bed reactor at a temperature of above 650° C. The method may be used alone or as part of a method of converting graminaceous raw material to pulp for paper or board, said method comprising (a) digesting said raw material with a white liquor based on sodium hydroxide and further comprising calcium hydroxide in an amount effective to substantially convert silica of said raw material to calcium silicate; (b) recovering pulp and black liquor substantially free of uncombined silica; (c) heating the black liquor in a fluidized bed reactor containing calcium oxide for catalysing conversion of organic content of said black liquor to gas and for providing recovered solids including sodium values of said white liquor and calcium oxide; and regenerating said white liquor using said recovered solids. The use of the above mentioned white liquor permits treatment of wheat straw, rice straw and other high-silica materials without resulting in a black liquor that is difficult to treat.

The invention discloses a calcination process of active lime. The calcination process adopts a preheating-suspension calcination device comprising a multi-stage cyclone preheating system, a decomposing furnace and a multi-stage cyclone cooler. The calcination process is characterized in that limestone powder which is broken and homogenized into blocks is ground into fine powder, the fine powder is placed in a storage tank for homogenization, then preheated by the multi-stage cyclone preheating system and sent to the decomposing furnace for calcination, thereby preparing the active lime, and the active lime is further cooled by the multi-stage cyclone cooler for obtaining the active lime; wherein the main control temperature of the decomposing furnace is 850-950 DEG C; and the calcination time is 3-5 seconds. The calcination process utilizes the preheating-suspension calcination reaction method for calcining the active lime, and fuel can use low-grade fuel-biluminous coal. Compared with the traditional process, the calcination time is short, the effective utilization rate of the lime product is high, the product quality is stable, the energy consumption is low, and a production region has no environmental pollution; meanwhile, the calcined active lime is the fine powder, the use is very convenient, and the range of applications is broader in comparison with the active lime calcined by the traditional process, thereby being conductive to promotion and implementation.

Method for separating lignin from black liquor includes the following steps: a) precipitating lignin by acidifying black liquor and thereupon dewatering, b) suspending the lignin filter cake obtained in step a) to obtain a second lignin suspension and adjusting the pH level to approximately that of the washing water of step d) below, c) dewatering of the second lignin suspension, d) adding washing water and performing a displacement washing at substantially constant conditions without any dramatic gradients in the pH, and e) dewatering the lignin cake produced in step d) into a high dryness and displacing the remaining washing liquid in the filter cake, whereby a lignin product is obtained which has an even higher dryness after the displacement washing of step d). The lignin product or an intermediate lignin product obtained by the method, and its use, preferably for the production of heat or chemicals is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a converter less-slag smelting process, belonging to the converter steelmaking field. The invention has the following main process characteristics: decarburization slag and dephosphorization slag with high dephosphorization rate in the dephosphorization period and decarburization period and high poured phosphorus content are recycled in the converter blowing process and the aims of reducing the consumption of converter lime and reducing the consumption of the steel material can be achieved. The converter smelting process is divided to a dephosphorization period and a decarburization period. In the dephosphorization period, lower flow is adopted for blowing, slag is poured after the dephosphorization period, the slag-removing rate is more than 30%; slag is conserved after the decarburization period, the decarburization slag is recycled, the dephosphorization efficiency is increased to reduce the additive amount of lime; the lime of the dephosphorization period is reduced gradually and the lime of the decarburization period is increased gradually, with the increase of heats; the balance can be achieved after 3-5 heats; and compared with the normal smelting method, the total consumption of lime of the method is reduced by 30%-60% when the balance is achieved.

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

The invention relates to a method for producing active pulverized lime by utilizing coal gas to calcine limestone through a suspended state pre-heating decomposing furnace, which belongs to the field of environment protection production of building materials. The method comprises the voltage stabilizing and conveying process of coal gas, the combustion heating process of the coal gas in a decomposing furnace for sufficiently combusting the coal gas in the suspended state pre-heating decomposing furnace to obtain the active quicklime powder as staflux in the lime calcining production, and the process for cooling the lime by a grate type cooler. Coke-oven coal gas, blast furnace coal gas, converter coal gas and mixed coal gas in the metallurgy production process are respectively adopted as fuel for replacing the coal powder in the traditional process for calcining and decomposing the lime powder. The method solves the problem of environment pollution caused by coal firing, improves the utilization rate of the excessive coal gas generated during steel making, reduces the outwards discharge of the coal gas, simultaneously improves the production efficiency and the heat efficiency of the lime calcination, and improves the activity of the lime.

The invention relates to a method for preparing light magnesium carbonate and magnesia using dolomite and sea water brine as materials. The dolomite is calcined to light fired dolomite and kiln gas, wherein the light fired dolomite reacts with the sea water brine to obtain magnesium hydroxide, the magnesium hydroxide is added into the magnesium-precipitation mother liquor to obtain a slurry of magnesium hydroxide, the kiln gas containing carbon dioxide of higher concentration is used for carbonizing the slurry of magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium bicarbonate solution is obtained by reacting the magnesium hydroxide slurry with compressed kiln gas which is cooled and purified in a carbonization tower. The basic magnesium carbonate is precipitated at room temperature by adding alkaline matters into the magnesium bicarbonate solution after pressure filtration and refine. The mixture solution is filtered or centrifugal separated to obtain wet basic magnesium carbonate and magnesium-precipitation mother liquor, the wet basic magnesium carbonate is dried to obtain light magnesium carbonate, the light magnesium carbonate is calcined to obtain light magnesium hydroxide. The method of the invention has advantages of low energy consumption, high resource utilization and obvious economic benefit without by product of calcium carbonate with low added value.

The invention relates to a sectional green process for extracting fibers from plant raw materials with high efficiency and high yield, which comprises the steps of: firstly, infiltrating or/and soaking plant raw materials with lime water (or carbide slag water solution) or dilute alkali; then steaming or boiling the raw materials; and finally, beating or steaming discharge and pulp washing to prepare fibers. The green process can also be comprehensively used for exploiting the utilization of lignin and extract, so as to realize the full-rate development of plants. The extract in the process can be recycled as a nutrient source for organisms such as plants, microbes, alga and the like, which breaks through the key technical bottleneck of the green and ecological industry, has significant theoretic and application values on the recycling economy, the sustainable development strategy and acquisition of energy sources, advanced materials and biological nutrient source from biomasses, and has extremely profound social benefits, economic benefits and ecological benefits.

A method for preparing magnesium oxide by the mixed calcination of aminium salts and magniferous ores solves the problems existing in the existing method, such as high material cost, large project investment, high energy consumption and inconvenient use of side products. The method comprises the following steps: (1) magniferous ores are mixed with aminium salts; after calcination and aqueous extract, crude magnesium salt solution is obtained, and ammonia generated by the calcination is recovered, or ammonia generated by calcination is dissolved by water to obtain ammonia water; (2) after the crude magnesium salt solution is refined, the refined magnesium salt solution reacts with the restored ammonia to obtain magnesium hydroxide precipitate; or after ammonia water reacts with carbon dioxide generated by calcining basic magnesium carbonate precipitate to obtain ammonium acid carbonate solution, the ammonia water reacts with the magnesium salt solution to obtain basic magnesium carbonate precipitate once again; (3) the precipitates are separated and washed, magnesium oxide is obtained by drying and calcining, and the carbon dioxide generated by calcining basic magnesium carbonate precipitate is collected; (4) aminium salt solution, the precipitates of which are separated, is evaporated, concentrated and crystallized, and then is recovered to obtain aminium salts. In the invention, acid and precipitating agents used in the traditional technology are omitted. Therefore, the investment is reduced, and the material cost is lowered. In addition, the side product (aminium salts) can be circularly used, thus reducing the pollution.

The invention discloses a method for producing active lime powder from calcined limestone. The method comprises the following steps: (1) by taking limestone as a raw material, crushing and grinding the limestone to obtain limestone powder; (2) preheating the limestone powder by a suspension preheating system, and heating the limestone powder after preheating by a combustion decomposition furnace, so that the limestone powder is subjected to further heat absorption and decomposition; and (3) cooling the material subjected to heat decomposition in the step (2) to obtain the active lime powder through a suspension cooling system. The invention discloses a device for employing the method. The preheated limestone powder can be fed from the lower and middle parts of the combustion decomposition furnace, the temperature of the combustion decomposition furnace can be flexibly regulated, and the generated lime powder has high activity; caloric content in primary cyclone waste gas in the suspension preheating system and temperature rise air in the suspension cooling system is fully utilized, and the aim of saving energy in the system is fulfilled; moreover, the degree of automation is high, the production efficiency is high, and the production scale is conveniently enlarged.

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

The invention provides a beam limekiln, which mainly comprises a kiln body, a burning system, a discharging system, an air supply system and a control system, wherein a cooling belt of the kiln body is provided with an upper layer of burning beams and a lower layer of burning beams, and the burning beam is provided with a cooling system; and the cooling system comprises a cavity between a beam body and an outer wall, a connecting pipeline, a conducting oil circulating pump and a conducting oil cooler, and the conducting oil cooler comprises an oil way and an air pipeline. The conducting oil cooler is connected with a preheating air pipeline or a fuel gas pipeline or a cooling air pipeline of the cooling belt, and exchanges heat with hot combustion air or fuel gas or cooling air so as to recover heat discharged by cooling the conducting oil of the burning beam, thereby saving energy, reducing energy consumption and production cost and improving economic efficiency. The invention has reasonable flow and more optimized production operation.

The invention provides a burning method for preparing an energy-conservation and emission-reduction type active lime. The method comprises the following steps: subjecting the raw material (1) limestone to size grading; respectively and evenly distributing the limestone of different grades into each preheating chamber (8.1) of a novel vertical preheater (8), preheating and partially decomposing the limestone with high temperature exhaust gas and introducing the limestone into a rotary kiln (15); calcining and decomposing the limestone under the action of a temperature field to allow CO2 to be produced and the limestone to become lime; and allowing the lime to enter into a shaft well device (18) for annealing and heat exchange, then introducing the lime into a cooling machine (19) for cooling and carrying out screening to separate blocky lime from powdery lime, thereby obtaining finished products, i.e., blocky lime and powdery lime. The invention further provides an apparatus composed of a size grading device (2), a distributor (5), a distribution warehouse (6), the novel vertical preheater (8), the rotary kiln (15), a kiln hood (17), a combustor (16), the shaft well device (18) and the cooling machine (19) for the method. The method and the apparatus provided by the invention has the characteristics of an expandable range of the size of the raw material limestone, low heat consumption, high production efficiency, a high activity degree of the products, low discharge of SO2 and exhaust gas, low cost, simple and convenient operation and capacity of meeting needs of larger-scale industrial production.

The invention relates to a rotary kiln with a power generation device. The rotary kiln comprises a power generation device, a material loading device, a material bin, a kiln body, a kiln end cover, a cooler and a cooling fan. A kiln head is provided with a burner; the kiln body is composed of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder structure, a kiln chamber is in the middle of the inner cylinder, an annular space formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is a material chamber, and the annular space is provided with a support column; the rotary kiln is provided with a screw conveyor, a discharge passage and a gas collecting tube; the material loading device is connected with the material bin, the material bin is connected with the annular space through the screw conveyor, and the annular space through the discharge passage is connected with the cooler; and the lower part of the cooler is connected with a discharge hatch, the upper part of the cooler through the kiln head is connected with the kiln chamber, and the kiln chamber is connected with the power device. Through the kiln body with the inner cylinder and outer cylinder structure, limestone in the annular space is heated through flue gas dividing wall, so as to avoid direct contact of the flue gas with the material and benefit utilization and recovery of decomposed carbon dioxide gas; and at the same time, and waste heat of flue gas is utilized for power generation, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the rotary kiln.

The invention discloses heavy-calcium powder cleaning and smashing integrated equipment. The equipment comprises a cleaning device and a smashing device. The cleaning device comprises a water pipe and an upper baffle; a water tank is arranged on the upper baffle, and a cleaning water pump is arranged in the water tank; the water pipe is arranged at the lower end of the cleaning water pump, and a cleaning frame is arranged at the lower end of the water pipe; a feeding hopper of the smashing device is arranged on the lower portion of the right side of a conveying belt, and is arranged on the upper portion of a smashing device body, and a check block is arranged in the feeding hopper; a driving gear is arranged in the smashing device body, and a first driven gear is arranged above the left side of the driving gear; the cleaning device and the smashing device are arranged, and conveyed aggregated rocks are washed out by clean water sprayed out of cleaning nozzles through the cleaning device, so that dust on the aggregated rocks is removed; and when the smashing device works, a hydraulic air cylinder drives a piston rod to vertically move, and the distance between the driving gear and the driven gear is adjusted, so that according to needs, the size of limestone particles obtained after smashing is adjusted, and the smashing effect of limestone is better.

The present invention provides a process for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: contacting biomass with SO₂, water, and optionally a first solvent, to produce intermediate solids; then contacting the intermediate solids with SO₂, water, and a second solvent, to produce cellulose-rich solids and a liquid phase comprising hemicelluloses and lignin. The first concentration of SO₂ may be lower or higher than the second concentration of SO₂. It is desirable to vary the SO₂ and solvent concentrations in different stages to optimize the removal of hemicellulose versus lignin. The resulting cellulose-rich material can contain very low hemicellulose, very low lignin, or both low hemicellulose and low lignin. High-purity cellulose is useful both for producing glucose as well as for cellulose products or derivatives. The hemicelluloses may be hydrolyzed to produce monomeric sugars, and the lignin may be recovered as a co-product.

The invention discloses a method for smelting high-phosphorus steel by low-temperature low-silicon molten iron in a converter. The method comprises the following steps that: scrap steel is added into the converter; active lime is added in the converter for the first time, and an oxygen lance, the position of which is lower than the normal position for 10-20 centimeters, blows oxygen; after the oxygen blowing is performed for 50-60 seconds, dolomite is added into the converter at one time; when the oxygen blowing is performed for 90-110 seconds, the oxygen lance is lifted to the normal oxygen blowing position, and active lime is added into the converter again; and tapping is carried out. The method fully utilizes the conditions of the low-temperature low-silicon molten iron in reducing a phosphorus removal rate to smelt the high-phosphorus steel, the phosphorus removal rate can be reduced to 40%-50% from the above 85% of the current conventional smelting, and thus the phosphorus content of the smelting at the end point is effectively improved; the lime addition amount is reduced to be not over 25Kg/ton of steel from 40Kg-60Kg/ton of steel, and the usage amount of phosphorus alloy can also be reduced; the waste residue discharge can be reduced; and moreover, a fluorite slagging agent is not used, and thus the environmental burden can be relieved.

The invention discloses a parallel flow heat accumulating type lime kiln production technology based on CO2 accumulation. The parallel flow heat accumulating type lime kiln production technology includes the steps that limestone raw materials are fed into two kiln chambers of a parallel flow heat accumulating type lime kiln; carrier gas is sprayed into the kiln chambers; combustion supporting gas is fed; in a combustion zone of the current kiln chamber, limestone absorbs the heat generated by fuel combustion to be decomposed to generate quick lime and CO2 gas; the quick lime is discharged after being cooled to 80 DEG C to 100 DEG C; cooling gas, the CO2 gas generated by decomposing the limestone and CO2 gas generated by fuel combustion are mixed to enter the other kiln chamber to preheat limestone; flue gas generated by preheating releases heat to the limestone, then the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, the flue gas is exhausted, and CO2 gas with the volume concentration larger than 95% is generated; the parallel flow heat accumulating type lime kiln starts reversing work. By means of the parallel flow heat accumulating type lime kiln production technology, the high-purity CO2 gas is obtained while the high-quality lime is prepared. Compared with an existing technology, circulation of N2 in a system is avoided, the energy used for heating the N2 is saved, and the flue gas is recycled to achieve the aims of increasing the product added value, saving energy and reducing consumption.

The invention relates to a heat storage type lime rotary kiln which comprises two kiln bodies, two preheating chambers, a kiln tail hood, kiln heads, a cooling chamber, burners, air blowers, a cooling fan, feeding systems and waste gas discharging systems. The two kiln bodies are in left-right symmetric arrangement or nonsymmetric arrangement, one end of each kiln body is connected with the cooling chamber through the kiln tail hood, the other end of each kiln body is connected with an outlet of each preheating chamber through a feeding chamber, inlets of the two preheating chamber are respectively connected with a feeding port and a three-way valve through a three-way pipe, one way of the three-way valve is connected with the corresponding air blower through an air pipeline, the other way of the three-way valve is connected with the corresponding waste gas discharging system, each kiln body is provided with a waste heat recovering machine, and air outlets of the waste heat recovering machines are connected to the cooling chamber or a fuel preheater. The two heat storage type preheating chambers and the two kiln bodies on the left and right sides, so that flue gas waste heat and lime finished product waste heat generated by the rotary kiln during calcining can be fully utilized, and energy consumption is lowered. The burners are arranged at multiple positions, temperature distribution of burning is more uniform, temperature gradient is lowered, and NOx content in flue gas can be effectively lowered.