1302results about "Magnesia" patented technology

A niobium suboxide powder comprising 100 to 600 ppm of magnesium is described. The niobium suboxide powder may (alternatively or in addition to 100 to 600 ppm of magnesium) further include 50 to 400 ppm of molybdenum and/or tungsten. The niobium suboxide powder is suitable for the production of: capacitors having an insulator layer of niobium pentoxide; capacitor anodes produced from the niobium suboxide powder; and corresponding capacitors.

Hydrogen is produced from solid or liquid carbon-containing fuels in a two-step process. The fuel is gasified with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reaction to produce a methane-rich gaseous reaction product, which is then reacted with water and calcium oxide in a hydrogen production and carbonation reaction to produce hydrogen and calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate may be continuously removed from the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone and calcined to regenerate calcium oxide, which may be reintroduced into the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone. Hydrogen produced in the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction is more than sufficient both to provide the energy necessary for the calcination reaction and also to sustain the hydrogenation of the coal in the gasification reaction. The excess hydrogen is available for energy production or other purposes. Substantially all of the carbon introduced as fuel ultimately emerges from the invention process in a stream of substantially pure carbon dioxide. The water necessary for the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction may be introduced into both the gasification and hydrogen production and carbonation reactions, and allocated so as transfer the exothermic heat of reaction of the gasification reaction to the endothermic hydrogen production and carbonation reaction.

A process for the production of ultrafine powders that includes subjecting a mixture of precursor metal compound and a non-reactant diluent phase to mechanical milling whereby the process of mechanical activation reduces the microstructure of the mixture to the form of nano-sized grains of the metal compound uniformly dispersed in the diluent phase. The process also includes heat treating the mixture of nano-sized grains of the metal compound uniformly dispersed in the diluent phase to convert the nano-sized grains of the metal compound into a metal oxide phase. The process further includes removing the diluent phase such that the nano-sized grains of the metal oxide phase are left behind in the form of an ultrafine powder.

Polymer nanocomposite implants with nanofillers and additives are described. The nanofillers described can be any composition with the preferred composition being those composing barium, bismuth, cerium, dysprosium, europium, gadolinium, hafnium, indium, lanthanum, neodymium, niobium, praseodymium, strontium, tantalum, tin, tungsten, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium. The additives can be of any composition with the preferred form being inorganic nanopowders comprising aluminum, calcium, gallium, iron, lithium, magnesium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium. Such nanocomposites are particularly useful as materials for biological use in applications such as drug delivery, biomed devices, bone or dental implants.

Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are prepared by polymer templated methods and are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to ethane and/or ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Methods to manufacture nanoscale particles comprising metals, alloys, intermetallics, ceramics are disclosed. The thermal energy is provided by plasma, internal energy, heat of reaction, microwave, electromagnetic, direct electric arc, pulsed electric arc and/or nuclear. The process is operated at some stage above 3000K and at high velocities. The invention can be utilized to prepare nanopowders for nanostructured products and devices such as ion conducting solid electrolytes for a wide range of applications, including sensors, oxygen pumps, fuel cells, batteries, electrosynthesis reactors and catalytic membranes.

Methods and systems for processing metal oxides from metal containing solutions. Metal containing solutions are mixed with heated aqueous oxidizing solutions and processed in a continuous process reactor or batch processing system. Combinations of temperature, pressure, molarity, Eh value, and pH value of the mixed solution are monitored and adjusted so as to maintain solution conditions within a desired stability area during processing. This results in metal oxides having high or increased pollutant loading capacities and/or oxidation states. These metal oxides may be processed according to the invention to produce co-precipitated oxides of two or more metals, metal oxides incorporating foreign cations, metal oxides precipitated on active and inactive substrates, or combinations of any or all of these forms. Metal oxides thus produced are, amongst other uses; suitable for use as a sorbent for capturing or removing target pollutants from industrial gas streams or drinking water or aqueous streams or for personal protective respirators.

A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO₂ compared to the inlet CO₂ concentration in the stream. The proposed process effects the separation of CO₂ from a mixture of gases (such as flue gas/fuel gas) by its reaction with metal oxides (such as calcium oxide). The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO₂ (CaRS-CO₂) process consists of contacting a CO₂ laden gas with calcium oxide (CaO) in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO₂ by the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Once “spent”, CaCO₃ is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO₂. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO₂. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS-CO₂ process. This process also identifies the application of a mesoporous CaCO₃ structure, developed by a process detailed elsewhere, that attains >90% conversion over multiple carbonation and calcination cycles. Lastly, thermal regeneration (calcination) under vacuum provided a better sorbent structure that maintained reproducible reactivity levels over multiple cycles.

A process of treating metal oxide nanoparticles that includes mixing metal oxide nanoparticles, a solvent, and a surface treatment agent that is preferably a silane or siloxane is described. The treated metal oxide nanoparticles are rendered hydrophobic by the surface treatment agent being surface attached thereto, and are preferably dispersed in a hydrophobic aromatic polymer binder of a charge transport layer of a photoreceptor, whereby π—π interactions can be formed between the organic moieties on the surface of the nanoparticles and the aromatic components of the binder polymer to achieve a stable dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer that is substantially free of large sized agglomerations.

The present invention includes a method of producing a crystalline metal oxide nanostructure. The method comprises providing a metal salt solution and providing a basic solution; placing a porous membrane between the metal salt solution and the basic solution, wherein metal cations of the metal salt solution and hydroxide ions of the basic solution react, thereby producing a crystalline metal oxide nanostructure.

Disclosed is an additive for a plastic, comprising fine particles obtained by calcination and slaking of a dolomite which exhibits two endothermic peaks in the differential thermal analysis, said fine particles containing calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide as main chemical components and also containing an ignition loss component in an amount of 10 to 40% by weight based on the weight of said fine particles. A plastic hating hydrogen chloride scavenging properties and antimicrobial properties imparted by incorporating the additive for a plastic is also disclosed.

A positive electrode active material includes: a particle including a lithium composite oxide; a first layer that is provided on a surface of the particle and includes a lithium composite oxide; and a second layer that is provided on a surface of the first layer. The lithium composite oxide included in the particle and the lithium composite oxide included in the first layer have the same composition or almost the same composition, the second layer includes an oxide or a fluoride, and the lithium composite oxide included in the first layer has lower crystallinity than the lithium composite oxide included in the particle.

A method for mass production of high-quality hollow carbon nanocages comprises the following steps: 1) light magnesium carbonate or magnesium carbonate is added into a reaction tube and spread evenly, the tube is put into a tubular furnace, air is pumped out of the tube, inert gas such as N2 and Ar is injected; the reaction temperature is increased to 670 DEG C-900 DEG C, (C) source vapor is introduced, and reaction is carried out for 5 to 240 minutes under the protection of 10-500sccm inert gas atmosphere; the (C) source gas is led to the reaction area of the tubular furnace by the inert gas flow, carbonized on the surfaces of nano particles generated in situ, and covered to form a MgO@C structure; after the reaction, the temperature inside the reaction tube drops to the room temperature under the protection of the inert gas; 2) powder is collected from the reaction tube, dipped in sufficient hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid for 5 to 720 minutes to remove the kernel of MgO, filtered, washed to neutrality by using deionized water, and dried to obtain the hollow carbon nanocages; and 3) the magnesium salt filtrate is recycled. The nanocages prepared by the method have high purity, and the price for the precursor is low, thereby facilitating recovery and reuse.