Polymer templated nanowire catalysts

a nanowire catalyst and polymer technology, applied in metal/metal-oxide/metal-hydroxide catalysts, lanthanide oxides/hydroxides, bulk chemical production, etc., can solve the problem of reducing the yield of undesired side products, affecting the adsorption rate of reactants, and affecting the adsorption rate. achieve the effect of improving the legibility of the drawing

Inactive Publication Date: 2013-06-20
SILURIA TECH INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Benefits of technology

[0072]These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent upon reference to the following detailed description. To this end, various references are set forth herein which describe in more detail certain background information, procedures, compounds and/or compositions, and are each hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0073]In the drawings, the sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawing...

Problems solved by technology

Thus, at a given temperature, a positive catalyst tends to increase the yield of desired product while decreasing the yield of undesired side products.
Although catalysts are not consumed by the reaction itself, they may be inhibited, deactivated or destroyed by secondary processes, resulting in loss of catalytic activity.
This transport and adsorption of reactants is often the rate limiting step in a heterogeneous catalysis reaction.
In addition, homogeneous catalysts can be difficult to separate from the reaction mixture.
While there are multistep paths to convert methane to certain specific chemicals using first; high temperature steam reforming to syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO), followed by stochiometry adjustment and conversion to either methanol or, via the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, to liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel or gasoline, this does not allow for the formation of certain ...

Method used

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  • Polymer templated nanowire catalysts
  • Polymer templated nanowire catalysts
  • Polymer templated nanowire catalysts

Examples

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example 1

Pechini Synthesis

[0586]Although any metal salt or combination of metal salts can be combined and processed using the Pechini method to prepare metal oxide catalysts, this example uses Ca, Nd, and Sr salts to prepare a mixed metal oxide OCM catalyst. Equimolar aqueous solutions of strontium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, and calcium nitrate were prepared. Aliquots of each solution were mixed together to prepare a desired formulation of CaxNdySrz where x, y and z each independently represent mole fractions of total metal content in moles. Representative examples of formulations include, but are not limited to, Ca50Nd30Sr20, Ca52Nd45Sr05, Ca75Nd22Sr03, and the like. A solution of citric acid was added to the metal salt mixture so that the citric acid mole / metal mole ratio was 3:1. Ethylene glycol (or any polyfunctional alcohol, for example glycerol or polyvinyl alcohol) was then added to the citric acid / metal salt solution so that the ethylene glycol / citric acid mole ratio was 1:1. The so...

example 2

Polymer Templated Synthesis

[0587]Dextran is a water-soluble polymer with a wide range of molecular weights and is a useful templating source. Briefly, a metal precursor and dextran are dissolved in water to produce a viscous solution. The solution is dried to make a metal organic composite and then calcined (oven or microwave) to remove the dextran template. Optionally, multiple metal precursors are dissolved in a dextran solution. Mixed metal oxide materials are readily prepared by dissolving different metal salts, in the desired ratio, in a viscous dextran solution. The solution is dried and calcined as described above to yield mixed metal oxide systems for OCM catalysis. Alternatively, freeze drying may be employed to dry the dextran / metal solution to prepare a more controllable porosity in the metal and mixed metal oxide materials.

[0588]Agarose is also used to prepare metal and mixed metal oxides for OCM catalysts. Agarose readily forms a gel that can be used as templating sourc...

example 3

Preparation Mg(OH)2 Nanowires

[0591]FIG. 11 shows a generic reaction scheme for preparing MgO nanowires (with dopant) via a polymer template. The reaction container can be anything from a small vial (for milliliter scale reactions) up to large bottles (for liter reaction scale reactions).

[0592]A magnesium solution and a base solution are added to the polymer solution in order to precipitate Mg(OH)2. The magnesium solution can be of any soluble magnesium salt, e.g. MgX2.6H2O (X═Cl, Br, I), Mg(NO3)2, MgSO4, magnesium acetate, etc. The range of the magnesium concentration in the reaction mixture is quite narrow, typically at 0.01M. The combination of the polymer concentration and the magnesium concentration (i.e. the ratio between the polymer and magnesium ions) can play a part in determining both the nanowires formation process window and their morphology.

[0593]The base can be any alkali metal hydroxide (e.g. LiOH, NaOH, KOH), soluble alkaline earth metal hydroxide (e.g. Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH...

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Abstract

Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are prepared by polymer templated methods and are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to ethane and/or ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 564,834, filed on Nov. 29, 2011; Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 564,836, filed on Nov. 29, 2011; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 651,399, filed on May 24, 2012; each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.BACKGROUND[0002]1. Technical Field[0003]This invention is generally related to novel nanowire catalysts and, more specifically, to nanowires prepared via polymer templated methods. The nanowires are useful as heterogeneous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, such as the oxidative coupling of methane to ethylene.[0004]2. Description of the Related Art[0005]Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a chemical reaction is either increased or decreased by means of a catalyst. Positive catalysts increase the speed of a chemical reaction, while negative catalysts slow it down...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C01F17/00C01F5/14C01F5/08
CPCB01J23/30B82Y30/00B01J23/04B01J37/031B01J37/08B01J37/10B01J21/066B01J21/10B01J23/10B01J23/22B01J23/34B01J35/0013B01J35/06B01J37/0018C01F5/02C01F5/08C01F5/14C01F17/0043C01P2002/52C01P2002/72C01P2004/04C01P2004/16C01P2004/54C01P2006/12C01G25/02C01G31/02C01G45/02C01G45/1221C01P2004/80C07C2/84C07C2523/30C07C2523/22C07C2523/10C07C2523/34C07C2523/02C07C2521/10C07C2521/06C07C2523/04B01J23/02Y02P20/52Y10S977/762C01F17/241C01F17/229C01F17/224C07C11/04C01F17/206
Inventor NYCE, GREGSCHER, ERIK C.ZURCHER, FABIO R.CIZERON, JOEL M.SCHAMMEL, WAYNE P.GAMORAS, JOELRUMPLECKER, ANJAMCCORMICK, JARODALCID, MARIAN
Owner SILURIA TECH INC
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