195 results about "Lignin degradation" patented technology

Processes for conversion of lignin to liquid products such as bio-fuels and fuel additives are disclosed and described. A process for conversion of a lignin material to bio-fuels can include subjecting the lignin material to a base catalyzed depolymerization reaction to produce a partially depolymerized lignin. The partially depolymerized lignin can then be subjected to a stabilization/partial hydrodeoxygenation reaction to form a partially hydrodeoxygenated product. Following partial hydrodeoxygenation, the partially hydrodeoxygenated product can be reacted in a hydroprocessing step to form a bio-fuel. Each of these reaction steps can be performed in single or multiple steps, depending on the design of the process. The production of an intermediate partially hydrodeoxygenation product and subsequent reaction thereof can significantly reduce or eliminate reactor plugging and catalyst coking. A variety of useful bio-fuels such as fuels, fuel additives, and the like, including gasoline and jet or rocket fuels are describe which can be readily produced from renewable lignin materials in an improved conversion process.

Disclosed is a method for converting cellulose in a lignocellulosic biomass. The method provides for a lignin-blocking polypeptide and/or protein treatment of high lignin solids. The treatment enhances cellulase availability in cellulose conversion and allows for the determination of optimized pretreatment conditions. Additionally, ethanol yields from a Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation process are improved 5-25% by treatment with a lignin-blocking polypeptide and/or protein. Thus, a more efficient and economical method of processing lignin containing biomass materials utilizes a polypeptide/protein treatment step that effectively blocks lignin binding of cellulase.

A composition is disclosed herein comprising from about 0.001% to about 0.4% cyclosporin A, castor oil, and a surfactant selected from the group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, alcohols, alkyl glycosides, alkyl polyglycosides, alkylphenol ethoxylates, amine oxides, block polymers, carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates, carboxylic acids/fatty acids, cellulose derivatives, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated aryl phenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty esters and oils, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, glycol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, lecithin and lecithin derivatives, lignin and lignin derivatives, methyl esters, monoglycerides and derivatives , phosphalipids, polyacrylic acids, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymers, polyethylene oxides, polymeric surfactants, polypropylene oxides, propoxylated alcohols, propoxylated alkyl phenols, propoxylated fatty acids, protein-based surfactants, sarcosine derivatives, silicone-based surfactants, sorbitan derivatives, stearates, sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives, and combinations thereof.

A method and apparatus for fractionating a lignocellulose-based biomass are provided. The method includes providing a lignocellulose-based biomass, extracting lignin from the biomass by adding a first solvent capable of dissolving the lignin, extracting xylose by adding a second solvent capable of dissolving hemicellulose to the biomass treated with the first solvent, and extracting the cellulose remaining in the biomass. In this method, a continuous process can be performed instead of a low efficiency batch-type process and components of the biomass can be obtained at high yield.

Method for separating lignin from black liquor includes the following steps: a) precipitating lignin by acidifying black liquor and thereupon dewatering, b) suspending the lignin filter cake obtained in step a) to obtain a second lignin suspension and adjusting the pH level to approximately that of the washing water of step d) below, c) dewatering of the second lignin suspension, d) adding washing water and performing a displacement washing at substantially constant conditions without any dramatic gradients in the pH, and e) dewatering the lignin cake produced in step d) into a high dryness and displacing the remaining washing liquid in the filter cake, whereby a lignin product is obtained which has an even higher dryness after the displacement washing of step d). The lignin product or an intermediate lignin product obtained by the method, and its use, preferably for the production of heat or chemicals is also disclosed.

Provided is a polyurethane which is inexpensive and excellent in physical properties and which contains a lignin sulfonic acid component incorporated into the molecular chain of the polyurethane. The polyurethane is obtainable by polycondensation of a polyol solution containing dissolved therein lignin sulfonic acid or a partially neutralized salt thereof with a polyisocyanate, wherein the content of said lignin sulfonic acid is 1-40% based on a total weight of said polyurethane.

A method of fabricating a porous carbon composition, the method comprising subjecting a precursor composition to a thermal annealing step followed by a carbonization step, the precursor composition comprising: (i) a templating component comprised of a block copolymer and (ii) a lignin component, wherein said carbonization step comprises heating the precursor composition at a carbonizing temperature for sufficient time to convert the precursor composition to a carbon material comprising a carbon structure in which is included mesopores having a diameter within a range of 2 to 50 nm, wherein said porous carbon composition possesses a mesopore volume of at least 50% with respect to a total of mesopore and micropore volumes. Also described are the resulting mesoporous carbon composition, a composite of the mesoporous carbon material and at least one pharmaceutical agent, and the administration of the carbon-pharmaceutical dosage form to a subject.

Generally, systems for air and water purification using unpowered charged sorbent mediums (3) which may include layered double hydroxide (LDH) (1) compositions, lignin (2), and methods of sorbing inorganic or organic material(s) onto such mediums, including anionic contaminants (10), cationic contaminants (11), non ionic organic contaminants (20), and even biological agents (7) such as bacteria or viruses present in liquids or gases.

A new lignin degradation product, a method for producing the same, and methods for producing a saccharide raw material and a monosaccharide raw material are provided.

The method for producing the new lignin degradation product includes: (a first step) mixing 100 parts by mass of a powder, obtained by pulverizing a lignocellulosic raw material and defatting the resulting powder with an organic solvent, with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in an amount of 20 to 400 parts by mass in terms of hydrogen peroxide and heating the mixture for 5 to 120 minutes at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 80 to 200° C. while irradiating the mixture with microwaves; (a second step) separating insoluble matter from the aqueous hydrogen peroxide; (a third step) extracting the insoluble matter with a solvent to produce an extract; and (a fourth step) distilling the solvent away from the extract to yield a solubilized lignin as a residue. Further, a saccharide raw material composed mainly of a polysaccharide or a monosaccharide raw material is obtained by subjecting the liquid portion or the insoluble matter, respectively, obtained in the first step to a predetermined treatment.

A method of making a dishwashing cleaning composition is disclosed. The method includes: providing ingredients for a dishwashing cleaning composition; providing a polymer selected from the group of: at least one first monomer and at least one second monomer, the first monomer being selected from the group of acrylate, substituted acrylate, maleate, or substituted maleate, and the second monomer being selected from styrene or substituted styrene, wherein the weight ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer is from 80:20 to 20:80; polyvinyl pyrrolidone; polyvinyl pyridine N-oxide; lignin-sulphonate; polyethylene-imine alkoxylates; and mixtures thereof; and combining the ingredients and the polymer to form a dishwashing cleaning composition that is capable of removing grease and oil from plastic dishware. In addition, a dishwashing cleaning composition is disclosed that comprises from 0.0001% to 5% by weight of the composition of a copolymer containing at least one first monomer and at least one second monomer, the first monomer being selected from the group of acrylate, substituted acrylate, maleate, or substituted maleate, and the second monomer being selected from styrene or substituted styrene, wherein the weight ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer is from 80:20 to 20:80, and from 10% to 60% by weight of the composition of a surfactant system, the surfactant system containing at least 0.5% by weight of the composition of an amine oxide. A kit including a container and the dishwashing composition, and a process of cleaning dishware using the dishwashing cleaning composition are also disclosed.

A process for preparing plant extracts is provided. Plant materials, including tropolones, lignins and polar molecules, are mixed with a liquid polar solvent to form an extraction mixture, which is maintained under extraction conditions effective to extract lignins, polar molecules and at least 50% of the tropolones into the polar solvent to form a pregnant polar solvent liquid phase. The pregnant polar solvent phase is separated from the solid plant materials, and mixed with a substantially immiscible nonpolar solvent under conditions effective to partition the tropolones and lignins substantially into the nonpolar solvent and to partition the polar molecules substantially into the polar solvent to form a partitioned nonpolar solvent phase comprising lignins and tropolones, and a partitioned polar solvent phase comprising the polar molecules, and separating the polar solvent phase from the nonpolar solvent phase to obtain a polar plant extract and a nonpolar plant extract.

An aqueous agricultural pesticide composition contains: (a) a water soluble or water dispersible deposition control agent, in an amount effective to provide improved anti-rebound properties and selected from: (i) dextrins and tamarind gums, (ii) derivatized polysaccharide hydrocolloids, except derivatized guars, having a molecular substitution of greater than or equal to about 0.1, (iii) proteinaceous hydrocolloids, (iv) lignins and lignin derivatives, except alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium lignosulphonates, and (v) lipid polymers, and (b) an effective amount of a pesticide.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium ion battery anode piece. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S01, uniformly mixing lignin, polyoxyethylene and dimethyl formamide; S02, putting nano silicon powder into a precursor solution obtained in the step S01, maintaining constant temperature, and continuously stirring in the heating process till the viscosity of a mixture is 2000-3000cp; S03, coating an anode current collector by the precursor solution obtained in the step S02, and naturally drying in an atmosphere environment; and S04, sintering the anode current collector obtained in the step S03 in the presence of an inert atmosphere. The invention provides a preparation method for a novel carbon-covering silicon material as the lithium ion battery anodepiece, and a novel lithium ion battery anode piece and a lithium ion battery with the lithium ion battery anode piece are prepared by using the preparation method. By adopting the preparation method,the circulation property of the lithium ion battery anode piece is improved due to a nano silicon covering carbon structure, and the overall use performance of the lithium ion battery is improved.

The invention discloses a functional material liquid for improving the cigarette quality and a preparation method and application thereof. The functional material liquid is obtained by uniformly mixing 40-50 parts of bacillus subtilis zymotic fluid, 20-25 parts of aroma-producing yeast zymotic fluid, 10-20 parts of lignin degradation complex enzyme, 10 parts of cellulose and 5-10 parts of pectase. When tobacco flakes become loose and wet during cigarette throwing, the functional material liquid is added onto the tobacco flakes in an amount of 0.01-0.07 percent by mass based on the total mass of the tobacco flakes. Components in the functional material liquid have high specificity, so that a substrate shared by tobacco leaf raw materials of different levels and varieties can be degraded specifically. A brand material is added, so that the style characteristic is improved, combination of inner and outside is realized, and the cigarette quality can be better improved. The functional material liquid is added on the basis of not changing the original throwing process, and has the advantages of simple process, convenience for operating, and the like.

A process for reducing lignin and nitrogenous content in tobacco lamina and tobacco fiber material, including whole leaf, stems, scraps, fines and lamina, as well as burley leaf and stem, in an extraction with a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and an alkali metal hydroxide. The treated tobacco may then be further processed for use in cigarettes and other smoking articles.

The present invention discloses a lignin degradation product removing method. According to the method, the lignin degradation products are adopted as the substrate, and the way that the persulfate is activated to generate the sulfate free radical is used to carry out oxidation removal on the lignin degradation products, wherein the activating way selects the thermal activating, and the persulfate selects ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. According to the present invention, the thermal activating way is used to activate the ammonium persulfate so as to perform the oxidation removal of the lignin degradation products, and the results show that the removal rates of vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and syringic acid achieve 100% within 1 h, and the syringic aldehyde removal rate achieves 100% within 2 h.

A cover for a a wall mounted control device that is both functional and decorative. A hollow is formed by this invention that is orientated over the device that is desired to be ornamented. It is attached to the wall surrounding the device and allowed to rest over the device. It may be made from ferrous, nonferrous, polymeric, or lignin reinforced celluose materials to create a three dimensional Euclidean-space environment that has an enhancing effect wherever placed.

A process for the production of an open-cell carbon foam from a metallic salt of a lignosulfonate is described. The process includes heating the metallic salt of a lignosulfonate from ambient temperature to a maximum temperature, greater than about 250° C., at a rate sufficiently slow as to provide for essentially uniform heating of the lignin derived material. Heating of the lignin derived material is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere having a pressure greater than about 100 psig. The resultant carbon foam can subsequently be optionally subjected to carbonization or graphitization temperatures as desired. The resultant carbon foam has a regular open-cell structure. Densities of the carbon foam products are commonly in the range of about 0.1 g/cm³ to 0.2 g/cm³. The carbon foams may also exhibit compressive strengths of up to about 200 psi. The carbon foam materials potentially have utility as lightweight thermal barriers and in many other of the applications associated with carbon foams.

A range of carbon materials can be produced using lignin in combination with synthetic phenolic resins or naturally occurring lingo-cellulosic materials. The lignin, which is essentially a naturally occurring phenolic resin, has a carbon yield on pyrolysis similar to that of the synthetic resins, which aids processing. The lignin can be used as a binder phase for synthetic resin or lignocellulosic materials allowing the production of monolithic carbons from a wide range of precursors, as the primary structural material where the thermal processing is modified by the addition of small quantities of synthetic resin materials or as structure modified in the production of meso/macro porous carbons in either bead, granular or monolithic form. A carbonised monolith is provided comprising mesoporous and/or macroporous carbon particles dispersed in a matrix of microporous carbon particles with voids between the particles defining paths for fluid to flow into and through the structure. The monolith may take the form of a shaped body having walls defining a multiplicity of internal transport channels for fluid flow, the transport channels being directed along the extrusion direction. The monolith may be made by carbonising a shaped phenolic body based on phenolic resin precursors. In a method for producing such a carbonisable shaped resin body solid particles of a first phenolic resin are provided which is partially cured so that the particles are sinterable but do not melt on carbonisation. The particles of the first phenolic resin are mixed with particles of a second phenolic resin that has a greater degree of cure than said first phenolic resin and has a mesoporous and/or macroporous microstructure that is preserved on carbonisation. The resulting mixture is formed into a dough e.g. by mixing the resin particles with methyl cellulose, PEO and water, after which the dough is extruded to form a shaped product and stabilising in its shape by sintering.

The invention regards application of lignin derivatives to a photoelectric transducer. The photoelectric transducer of the invention includes a semiconductor film as a thin film electrode, that is photosensitized by one or multiple lignin derivatives selected from the group consisting of: (a) a lignophenol derivative or a phenol derivative of lignin that is prepared by solvating a lignin-containing material with a phenol compound and adding an acid to the solvate; (b) a secondary derivative that is prepared by one reaction of the lignophenol derivative (a) selected among acylation, carboxylation, amidation, introduction of a crosslinking group, and alkali treatment; (c) a higher-order derivative that is prepared by at least two reactions of the lignophenol derivative (a) selected among acylation, carboxylation, amidation, introduction of the crosslinking group, and alkali treatment; (d) a crosslinked secondary derivative that is prepared by crosslinking the secondary derivative (b) obtained by the introduction of the crosslinking group; and (e) a crosslinked higher-order derivative that is prepared by crosslinking the higher-order derivative (c) obtained by the introduction of the crosslinking group.

Relating to the field of biological engineering, the invention provides a method for Aspergillus oryzae to degrade straw to produce protein feed. The method uses straw as a main raw material to produce protein feed by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation. The production process includes: subjecting the straw to crushing, pre-wetting and other pre-treatment technologies, and subjecting the Aspergillus oryzae to liquid shaking culture, first class seed culture, and mixing with straw to undergo solid state fermentation, thus obtaining fermented straw protein feed. The fermentation process is simple, has no pollution to the environment, and also causes no resource waste. The feed prepared by the method has a protein content of 15-30%, a lignin degradation rate of 34-76%, and a feed yield of 45-60%. Because of the effects of Aspergillus oryzae, the feed can degrade lignin and cellulose, thus improving the utilization rate of straw.