Reusable modular building

Abstract

To propose a reusable modular building with a rational structure, taking into consideration ease of construction, strength, livability, and the like.SOLUTION: Provided is a modular building in which functional members are attached to a frame that joins columns 11 with floor beams 12 and ceiling beams 13 to form living units 1, and the living units 1 are stacked adjacently to each other, and the living units 1 are connected to each other and to other units with different functions to construct a building. Adjacent living units 1 are aligned on each floor, with the columns 11 arranged in pairs, the living units 1 on the lower and upper floors are aligned vertically, and a space is secured between the ceiling beams 13 on the lower floor and the floor beams 12 on the upper floor, and the columns 11, which are steel pipes, of the adjacent living units 1 on the lower and upper floors are joined by overlapping and fastening the overlapping plate portions in each direction of respective joint members 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to a modular building in which various units can be repeatedly used. [Background technology]

[0002] In Japan, buildings are often demolished and rebuilt every 30 to 40 years, generating large amounts of industrial waste with each demolition, and consuming large amounts of building materials with each new construction. This contributes to environmental degradation and runs counter to the modern goal of a sustainable, recycling-oriented society.

[0003] Meanwhile, the applicant has proposed a unit building as shown in Fig. 15 in the following Patent Document 1. This unit building is constructed by joining columns 72 and beams 73 in a box-frame shape to form a container-type unit 71, attaching wall panels 74 to each side, stacking a plurality of units 71 next to each other, and connecting the units 71 to each other to construct a building.

[0004] In this unit building, connecting shafts 75 made of long prestressed concrete steel rods or wires are inserted into square steel pipe columns 72 from the top floor to the bottom floor of unit 71, and the tips of the connecting shafts 75 are fastened to the bottom of the building. After that, nuts 76 threaded onto the connecting shafts 75 are tightened at the top of the building to connect the upper and lower units 71.

[0005] This type of unit building can be stably built to high heights by stacking units 71 placed on each floor, can be constructed in a short construction period, and can be easily relocated, making it suitable for constructing temporary buildings such as reconstruction bases after large-scale disasters and for long-term development projects, and also allows for effective use of structural components. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5707418 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, in the unit building described in Patent Document 1, construction work in which long connecting shafts are inserted into columns to fasten the units together can be difficult due to regulations, and it was necessary to reconsider the joining structure of the columns of the units.

[0008] Therefore, an object of this invention is to propose a reusable unit building that can be realized with a rational structure from the viewpoints of workability, strength, livability, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, this invention provides a modular construction method for constructing a building by attaching functional members to a frame that joins corner columns with lower floor beams and upper ceiling beams to form living units, stacking the living units side by side, connecting the living units to each other, and connecting other units with different functions, as follows: The living room units are aligned with each other on each floor, with the columns of adjacent living room units forming pairs, and the living room units on the lower and upper floors are vertically aligned, with a space secured between the ceiling beams on the lower floor and the floor beams on the upper floor. The column is a steel pipe having a cross-sectional shape forming a closed cross section, and coupling members are attached to the lower end and upper end of the column via diaphragms, and the coupling members have overlapping plate portions that are orthogonal to each other in a plane, The columns of adjacent living units on the lower and upper floors are joined by overlapping and fastening the overlapping plate portions of each of the joint members in each direction.

[0010] In addition, in a unit building for an apartment complex with this structure, the living space is the room unit, and at least a staircase unit, a corridor unit, and a balcony unit are combined with it.

[0011] In addition, a business unit building is one in which the living unit serves as business space, and other units are combined with it.

[0012] These unit buildings are constructed by combining the living room units with other units, with a roof unit constructed above the building body, which is stacked from the lowest floor to the top floor. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The unit building of this invention is constructed from living room units as well as other units with different functions, and these can be combined in any arrangement, so that various units can be combined in an appropriate arrangement to accommodate a variety of plans that suit the family structure of the residents and the uses of the users.

[0014] In addition, the columns of adjacent room units on the upper and lower floors are joined by attaching joint members to their lower and upper ends via diaphragms, and fastening the overlapping plate sections that are orthogonal within the plane of the joint members in an overlapping state, which makes it easy to install and allows the room units to be stacked stably.

[0015] In addition, in the living room units on the upper and lower floors, space is secured between the ceiling beams on the lower floor and the floor beams on the upper floor, so this space can be used to easily install equipment piping, making it difficult for noise and vibrations from the upper floor to be transmitted to the floor below.

[0016] Furthermore, adjacent living units are connected by pairs of pillars, and the interior walls supported by the pillars form a double structure, which provides excellent sound insulation between adjacent living units.

[0017] Furthermore, by disconnecting the pillars, the structure can be easily dismantled without destroying the main components such as the living room units, and relocation work can also be carried out easily, thereby reducing the wasteful disposal of building materials and promoting the effective use of resources. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] 1A is a cross-sectional view of a unit building for an apartment building according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of a unit building for an apartment building according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. [Figure 2] Floor plan showing the layout of units on each floor of the same building [Figure 3] Floor plan showing the 2DK type floor plan above [Figure 4] Column and beam floor plan of the same [Figure 5] (a) Girder direction frame diagram, (b) span direction frame diagram [Figure 6] (a) Plan view and (b) Elevation view of the staircase unit [Figure 7] (a) Girder direction frame diagram, (b)(d) AA-view frame diagram, (c)(d) BB-view frame diagram, (d) column-beam floor plan of the same corridor unit [Figure 8] (a) Sectional view and (b) elevation view of the balcony unit. [Figure 9] Cross-sectional view of the above living room roof unit, corridor roof unit, and balcony roof unit [Figure 10] (a) Separated perspective view of the column base using the same T-shaped joint member, (b) Separated perspective view of the column joint [Figure 11] (a) Elevation of the column base and its AA cross section, (b) Elevation of the column joint and its BB cross section [Figure 12] (a) A perspective view of the separated column base using the channel-type joint member, and (b) a perspective view of the separated column joint. [Figure 13] (a) Elevation of the column base and its AA cross section, (b) Elevation of the column joint and its BB cross section [Figure 14] (a) a girder direction frame diagram, (b) a span direction frame diagram, and (c) a roof part frame diagram showing a business unit building according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] A perspective view showing an outline of the unit building described in Patent Document 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 shows the corridor elevation, cross section, and balcony elevation of a unit building for an apartment complex, and Figure 2 shows a plan view of the layout of units on each floor. In this unit building, a living space, a room unit 1, and its associated staircase unit 2, corridor unit 3, and balcony unit 4 are combined and stacked, with a roof unit 5 constructed above them.

[0021] The living room units 1 are lined up next to each other on each floor. For example, in the case of a 2DK apartment shown in Figure 3, two adjacent living room units 1 are considered as one dwelling unit, and the interior of each dwelling unit is laid out as shown, with a Western-style room, a Japanese-style room, a kitchen, and a sanitary space.

[0022] Depending on the size and layout of each dwelling unit, one living room unit 1 may constitute one dwelling unit, or three or more living room units 1 may constitute one dwelling unit. Also, the boundaries of the living room units 1 do not have to correspond to the boundaries of the dwelling units, and a soundproof partition wall may be provided in the middle of the living room unit 1 to serve as the boundary between adjacent dwelling units.

[0023] In such a unit building, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the frame of the living unit 1 is constructed by joining pillars 11 at the four corners, floor beams 12 in the lower girder direction and span direction, and ceiling beams 13 in the upper girder direction and span direction.

[0024] The living units 1 on each floor are arranged so that the pillars 11 of adjacent living units 1 form pairs, and the living units 1 on the lower and upper floors are arranged so that they are vertically aligned. A space is secured between the ceiling beams 13 on the lower floor and the floor beams 12 on the upper floor.

[0025] The floor of living unit 1 can be constructed using CLT floor panels (cross-laminated timber), concrete slabs (ALC floor slabs, extruded cement boards, precast slabs), or deck plate concrete construction, but since lightweight construction is desirable, it is appropriate to use a construction method using CLT floor panels that take fire resistance into consideration.

[0026] The walls of living unit 1 must be lightweight and have fire resistance, sound insulation, and thermal insulation properties, so suitable materials include CLT wall panels (cross-laminated timber), metal insulating sandwich panels, a laminated structure of metal plate, insulation material, and gypsum board, or a laminated structure of extruded cement plate, insulation material, and gypsum board.

[0027] As shown in Figure 6, the staircase unit 2 is placed adjacent to the living room unit 1. The position of the staircase unit 2 on each floor may be at the outer end in the girder direction or in the middle, and can be set at any position.

[0028] The frame of the staircase unit 2 is constructed by joining pillars 21, floor beams 22 and ceiling beams 23 arranged in correspondence with the adjacent living room units 1.

[0029] The stairs 24 of the stair unit 2 are either return stairs or direct stairs. When installing the stairs 24, they must be connected to the lower and upper floors, so the step floor portion of the stairs 24, along with the side girders and stringers, may be transported separately from the frame of the stair unit 2 and erected on site. The stair unit 2 on the top floor does not have stairs 24.

[0030] In the example of Figure 6, an elevator unit 25 is provided to connect the staircase unit 2 and the corridor unit 3, and the elevator unit 25 is provided with an entrance / exit 26. The elevator unit 25 is available in various sizes depending on the elevator model. If an elevator is not required, a regular corridor unit 3 is provided.

[0031] As shown in Figure 7, the corridor units 3 are available in two types: one in which the frame is formed by joining pillars 31, floor beams 32, and ceiling beams 33 together across multiple floors, and the other in which the frame is formed by joining pillars 31, floor beams 32, and ceiling beams 33 for each floor corresponding to the living room units 1 (not shown), allowing the selection to be made taking into account transportation and on-site construction time.

[0032] In the case of a type in which multiple floors are constructed as a frame, only floor beams 32 are required for each floor, and ceiling beams 33 can be omitted, but the unit becomes longer in the height direction, so care must be taken when transporting and erecting. In the case of a type for each floor, transportation and erection are easy, but at the joints between the upper and lower floors, the ceiling beams 33 of the lower floor and the floor beams 32 of the upper floor are doubled.

[0033] The corridor unit 3 is prepared in two types: one with a floor opening 34 and one without a floor opening 34. In the type with a floor opening 34, a handrail 35 must be provided on the corridor side of the floor opening 34 to prevent falls.

[0034] In the type with a floor opening 34, the passageway can be separated from the window to protect the privacy of the dwelling unit, and the floor opening 34 can be used as a piping space for the bathroom or toilet, or as an intake and exhaust space for the ventilation fan. The type without a floor opening 34 can be used as a space in front of the entrance.

[0035] As shown in Figure 8, the balcony unit 4 is made up of U-shaped side frames 41 on both sides joined with a lower frame 42 and an upper frame 43 to form a frame, and is provided with floorboards 44 and handrails 45, and is joined so as to protrude from the living room unit 1. By providing the side frames 41 with braces 46 whose hanging point is on the living room unit 1 side, the steel material used for the side frames 41 can be made lighter.

[0036] In the balcony unit 4, if a partition wall 47 is provided at the boundary with the adjacent dwelling unit, privacy can be ensured when the balcony is in use. In addition, if an evacuation opening 48 is provided in the partition wall 47, evacuation in two directions can be made in the event of a fire, etc.

[0037] As shown in Figure 9, the roof unit 5 is composed of a room roof unit 51, a corridor roof unit 52, and a balcony roof unit 53. The frame of the roof unit 5 may be placed on the center line as shown in the figure, or on a girder beam. The roof is finished with a tile roof or a folded plate roof to provide protection against leaks and strong winds.

[0038] Figures 10(a) and 11(a) show the bases of the columns 11, 21, and 31 of the room unit 1, staircase unit 2, and corridor unit 3, and Figures 10(b) and 11(b) show the joints of the columns 11, 21, and 31 of the room unit 1, staircase unit 2, and corridor unit 3. The columns 11, 21, and 31 are made of square steel pipes whose cross-sectional shape forms a closed cross section.

[0039] As shown in the figure, a pair of T-shaped joint members 62 are attached to the base plate 61 of the foundation leg 6 that supports the columns 11, 21, and 31 of the lowest floor. Each joint member 62 has an overlapping plate portion 62a extending in the same straight line, and an overlapping plate portion 62b that is perpendicular to one vertical side of the overlapping plate portion 62a abuts against the overlapping plate portion 62b. The overlapping plate portions 62a of each joint member 62 have a total of four through-holes 62c, two on each of the top, bottom, left, and right. The overlapping plate portions 62b of the pair of joint members 62 face each other and are connected via connecting portions 62d.

[0040] Additionally, coupling members 8 having a T-shaped planar shape are attached to the lower and upper ends of the columns 11, 21, and 31 via diaphragms 7. The overlapping plate sections 8a extending in the same direction at the lower and upper ends of the coupling member 8 are offset in the plate thickness direction, and the overlapping plate sections 8b abut against one of the alternating vertical sides of the overlapping plate sections 8a. A total of four through-holes 8c are drilled in the overlapping plate section 8a, two on each of the top, bottom, left, and right, and a total of two through-holes 8c are drilled in the overlapping plate sections 8b at the upper ends of the columns 11, 21, and 31, one on each side of the overlapping plate section 8a.

[0041] During construction, the columns 11, 21, 31 of the adjacent living room unit 1, staircase unit 2, and corridor unit 3 on the lowest floor are joined to the columns 11, 21, 31 by joint members 62 rising from the base plate 61 of the foundation leg body 6.

[0042] At this time, the overlapping plate portion 62a of the joint member 62 on the base plate 61 side is overlapped with the overlapping plate portion 8a of the joint member 8 attached to the lower end of the pillars 11, 21, 31 on the lowest floor, and fixed with fastening members 9 in the aligned through holes 8c, 62c.

[0043] Then, adjacent room units 1, staircase units 2 and corridor units 3 on each floor are stacked one after another upward, and the columns 11, 21 and 31 on the upper floor are joined to the columns 11, 21 and 31 on the lower floor.

[0044] At this time, the overlapping plate portions 8a of the joint members 8 attached to the upper ends of the columns 11, 21, 31 on the lower floor and the overlapping plate portions 8a of the joint members 8 attached to the lower ends of the columns 11, 21, 31 on the upper floor are overlapped and fixed in the aligned through-holes 8c with fastening members 9. In addition, the overlapping plate portions 8b at the upper ends of the columns 11, 21, 31 of adjacent room units 1, staircase units 2, and corridor units 3 on each floor are overlapped via spacers 10 so that they face each other, and fixed in the aligned through-holes 8c with fastening members 9.

[0045] The fastening member 9 can be made up of a bolt 9a and a nut 9b, or a fastening pin such as a rivet. The bolt 9a used here is basically a high-strength bolt, but in the case of a medium-strength bolt, the nut 9b is a double nut to prevent loosening.

[0046] Structurally, a unit building constructed in this way has a limit on the number of floors it can have, as the long-term stress and short-term stress (stress caused by earthquakes and wind pressure) of the upper units are borne by the bolts 9a or pins of the fastening members 9 at the joints. Also, as mentioned above, it is desirable to use wooden materials such as CLT floor panels for the floors of the living unit 1.

[0047] In addition, in Figures 10 and 11, the joint members 8 of the columns 11, 21, 31 and the joint member 62 on the base plate 61 side are shown as being T-shaped in plan view, but as shown in Figures 12 and 13, the joint members 8, 62 may also be channel-shaped, being U-shaped in plan view.

[0048] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a unit building for an apartment complex was exemplified, but the structure of the unit building according to the present invention can also be applied to a business unit building, for example, as shown in Fig. 14. Possible uses include general offices that may be relocated in the medium to long term, exhibition halls that will be relocated in the short term, and work offices for construction and civil engineering work that has a relatively long construction period.

[0049] In the illustrated commercial unit building, two living room units 1 are placed on each floor in the span direction, and the floor beams 12 and the top ceiling beams 13 on each floor are connected by connecting beams 36, creating a corridor between the living room units 1. The roof unit 5 is an arched folded plate roof that extends over the entire span direction.

[0050] The above-mentioned apartment or business unit buildings are constructed from the basic element of the living unit 1 as well as other units with different functions, and these can be combined in any arrangement, so that various units can be combined in an appropriate arrangement to accommodate a variety of plans suited to the family structure of the residents and the purposes of the users.

[0051] In addition, the columns of adjacent living room units 1 on the upper and lower floors are joined by attaching joint members 8 to their lower and upper ends via diaphragms 7, and fastening the overlapping laminated plate sections 8a, 8a and 8b, 8b that are perpendicular within the plane of the joint members 8 in an overlapping state, which makes it easy to install and allows the living room units 1 to be stacked stably.

[0052] In addition, in the living room units 1 on the upper and lower floors, a space is secured between the ceiling beams 13 on the lower floor and the floor beams 12 on the upper floor, so that this space can be used to easily lay out equipment piping, and noise and vibrations from the upper floor are less likely to be transmitted to the floor below.

[0053] Furthermore, the pillars 11 of adjacent living room units 1 are arranged in pairs, and the interior walls supported by the pillars 11 form a double structure, so that the sound insulation effect between adjacent living room units 1 is also excellent.

[0054] Furthermore, by disconnecting the pillars 11, the structure can be easily dismantled without destroying the main components such as the living room unit 1, and relocation work can also be carried out easily, thereby reducing the wasteful disposal of building materials and promoting the effective use of resources. [Explanation of symbols]

[0055] 1 room unit 2 staircase units 3 Corridor Unit 4 balcony units 5 Roof unit 6 Basic legs 7 Diaphragm 8 Joint members 8a,8b Plywood section 8c through hole 9 Fastening members 9a Bolt 9b Nut 10 spacers 11 pillars 12 Floor beam 13 Ceiling beams 21 pillars 22 Floor beam 23 Ceiling beams 24 stairs 25 elevator unit 26 Entrance / Exit 31 pillars 32 Floor beam 33 Ceiling beam 34 Floor opening 35 Handrail 36 Connecting beam 41 Side frame 42 Bottom frame 43 Upper frame 44 Floorboards 45 Handrail 46 Brace 47 Bulkhead 48 Evacuation opening 51 Living room roof unit 52 Corridor roof unit 53 Balcony roof unit 61 Base Plate 62 Joint member 62a,62b Polymer board part 62c through hole 62d Connecting part 71 units 72 pillars 73 Beam 74 Wall Panels 75 Connecting shaft 76 Nut

Claims

1. In a unit construction, functional members are attached to a frame that joins corner columns (11), lower floor beams (12), and upper ceiling beams (13) to form living units (1), and the living units (1) are stacked side by side, and the living units (1) are connected to each other and to other units with different functions to construct a building. The living room units (1) are aligned with each other on each floor, with the columns (11) of adjacent living room units (1) paired in pairs, the living room units (1) on the lower and upper floors aligned vertically, and a space is secured between the ceiling beams (13) on the lower floor and the floor beams (12) on the upper floor. The column (11) is a steel pipe having a closed cross section, and a coupling member (8) is attached to the lower end and the upper end of the column (11) via a diaphragm (7), and the coupling member (8) has overlapping plate portions (8a, 8b) that are orthogonal to each other in a plane. The columns (11) of the adjacent living units (1) on the lower and upper floors are joined by overlapping and fastening the overlapping plate portions (8a, 8a) (8b, 8b) in each direction of each of the joint members (8).

2. The unit building for an apartment building as described in claim 1, characterized in that the living space (1) is a living space and is at least combined with a staircase unit (2), a corridor unit (3) and a balcony unit (4).

3. 2. The business unit building according to claim 1, wherein the living unit (1) is a business space and is combined with other units.

4. A unit building as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the living room unit (1) is combined with other units and a roof unit (5) is constructed above the building body, which is stacked from the lowest floor to the top floor.

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