Railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device

Abstract

To detect defects in a rim portion and a web portion of a wheel of a railway vehicle by using ultrasonic wave and lasers for wheels of various standards regardless of wheel size.SOLUTION: A precision inspection device for detecting defects in wheels of a railway vehicle includes a lower frame module, an upper frame module, a fixing module, a rotating module, a first inspection module, and a second inspection module. The pair of first inspection modules are disposed in symmetric positions based on a wheel center point with a structure surrounding a rim portion contour surface of a wheel in an upper space, and use ultrasonic wave to inspect defects in a web portion of the wheel. The second inspection module is disposed in a position in contact with a side surface of the rim portion at a wheel center upper end in the upper space, and uses ultrasonic wave to inspect defects in the rim portion of the wheel. A third inspection module radiates and receives a laser beam to / from a track-contacting surface of the rim portion of the wheel in a side space of the inspection device to inspect defects.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an inspection device for detecting defects in railway vehicle wheels, and more particularly to an inspection device for detecting defects in railway vehicle wheels that uses contact ultrasonic waves and non-contact lasers to more accurately and efficiently detect defects in the rim and web of railway vehicle wheels for wheels of various specifications regardless of wheel size. [Background technology]

[0002] Detecting defects in railroad vehicle wheels is important for inspecting the current condition of the wheels as well as evaluating their durability and future safety, and is therefore necessary for the safe operation of railroad vehicles. To this end, numerous wheel defect detection technologies have been developed. For example, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0049398 discloses a technology for detecting defects in railroad vehicle wheels using ultrasound while the wheels are rotating. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2006-0008580 also discloses a technology for detecting tire defects using non-contact laser-guided ultrasound, and Japanese Patent Registration No. 5912992 discloses a technology for inspecting the condition of internal tire defects by photographing the tire's outer surface.

[0003] As described above, although many defect detection technologies that use ultrasound and imaging to detect defects in railroad vehicle wheels and automobile tires have been developed, no device has been developed to date that can distinguish between defects in the rim and web of railroad vehicle wheels and detect defects in a single device, and in particular, only fragmented technologies are being applied to defect detection in the wheels of recent high-speed trains.

[0004] For high-speed train wheels, defect inspection is only performed on the rim of the wheel tread, and this is only performed by embedding the inspection device in the rail when the vehicle enters and leaves the depot, or by installing the inspection device in a pit inside the depot, which not only limits the inspection but also makes it difficult to inspect defects in the web, which limits the ability to perform more accurate wheel detection. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-2015-0049398 Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-2006-0008580 Japanese Patent No. 5912992 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The technical problem to be achieved by the railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to the technical idea of ​​the present invention is to provide an inspection device for detecting defects in railway vehicle wheels that can more accurately and efficiently detect defects in the rim and web portions of railway vehicle wheels using contact ultrasonic waves and non-contact lasers for wheels of various specifications regardless of wheel size.

[0007] The technical objectives to be achieved by the railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to the technical concept of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other objectives not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an inspection device for detecting defects in railway vehicle wheels includes a lower frame module that forms a lower space; an upper frame module that is coupled to the lower frame module to form an upper space; a fixing module that is fixed to the lower frame module to fix a wheel; a rotation module that rotates the wheel on the left and right sides of the fixing module; a first inspection module that is fixed to the upper frame module to inspect defects in a web portion of the wheel; a second inspection module that is fixed to the upper frame module to inspect defects in a rim portion of the wheel; and a third inspection module that is fixed to the lower frame module to inspect defects in the contact surface of the wheel rim with the track; and detects wheel defects.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, an LM guide for moving the upper frame module along a first direction x may be further included at an upper end of the lower frame module, and the upper frame module may be moved in the first direction x to secure an installation space, and then the wheel may be fixed to the fixing module.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second inspection modules are connected to the upper frame module, and the positions of the first and second inspection modules can be changed according to the size of the wheels.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper frame module may include an upper horizontal frame extending horizontally; an additional horizontal frame fixed to the upper surface of the horizontal frame and on which the first inspection module is positioned while moving horizontally along a rail portion; and a folding frame positioned in the center of the upper horizontal frame and on which the second inspection module is positioned while moving vertically along a sliding groove portion.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fixing module may include a fixing unit including a pair of fixing plates coupled to the center of the wheel and fixing the center of the wheel to position the wheel above the lower space and the upper space; and a fixing extension frame for positioning the fixing unit at a predetermined height where the wheel is located.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the pair of rotation modules may include a roller that contacts the rim portion of the wheel to rotate and support the wheel; a roller drive motor that provides rotational driving force to the roller; a stage that supports the roller so that the roller can rotate; and a transport guide that allows the stage to move in one direction.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotation module further includes a roller movement motor, a ball screw shaft rotated by the roller movement motor, and a pair of ball nuts that rotate in opposite directions when the ball screw shaft rotates, thereby moving the pair of stages in opposite directions. The rotation of the pair of ball nuts moves the pair of rotation modules toward or away from each other, rotating the wheels and also raising or lowering the wheels so that they can be fixed to the fixing module.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the first inspection modules contacts the rim portion of the wheel along the rim portion and can inspect the web portion for defects using ultrasound.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, when one of the first inspection modules inspects the web portion for defects, it can inspect the defects using a pulse-echo inspection method, and when the pair of first inspection modules inspects the web portion for defects, it can inspect the defects using a TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the pulse-echo inspection method is used, the ultrasonic inspection module includes a plurality of sensor modules arranged adjacent to each other on the wheel tread, and one of the sensor modules can be used as a transmitter to generate ultrasonic waves and a receiver to receive ultrasonic waves reflected from defects.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method is used, a pair of the ultrasonic inspection modules are arranged on the tread surface at a predetermined distance from each other, and a pair of the sensor modules are arranged, one of which can be used as a transmitter to generate ultrasonic waves and the other as a receiver to receive ultrasonic waves reflected from defects.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first inspection module may include a first inspection body that contacts along the rim portion of the wheel and has a contact surface with the same curvature as the curvature of the wheel; and a plurality of first inspection units arranged inside the first inspection body that apply ultrasonic waves to the web portion.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first inspection module may further include: a first vertical frame extending vertically to facilitate contact between a wedge and a wheel; a first rotating frame to which the first inspection body is connected at an end and which extends and rotates relative to the first vertical frame so that the first inspection body contacts the rim portion of the wheel; and a tilting stage capable of rotating the first inspection body around a hinge.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first vertical frame includes a sliding groove and a fixing portion formed in the sliding groove, and the first rotating frame is fixed on the sliding groove while its position is changed in a vertical direction, and the first rotating frame includes a first pressing portion having a predetermined elastic force,

[0022] The first inspection body may provide an external force that contacts the rim portion of the wheel.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second inspection module includes a plurality of sensor modules arranged adjacent to each other on the wheel tread, and can inspect defects in the wheel rim using a pulse-echo inspection method in which one of the sensor modules acts as a transmitter that generates ultrasonic waves and a receiver that receives ultrasonic waves reflected from defects.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second inspection module may include a second vertical frame extending vertically; a second sliding plate extending perpendicularly to the second vertical frame toward the rim portion of the wheel; a second inspection body attached to an end of the second sliding plate; and a plurality of second inspection units arranged inside the second inspection body to provide ultrasonic waves to the rim portion.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second sliding plate may include a second pressure portion having a predetermined elastic force to provide an external force for the second inspection body to contact the rim portion of the wheel.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic precision inspection module includes a sensor module for inspecting defects in the rim portion or web portion of the wheel, and the sensor module may include a wedge portion that generates ultrasonic waves; a plunger portion that is located at an upper portion of the wedge portion and presses the wedge portion against the tread; and a water provider that provides water to the wheel tread through the wedge portion.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plunger portion may include a fixture to which a bushing located on the upper portion of the wedge portion is fastened; a shaft that passes through the fixture to which the bushing is fastened and is in close contact with the wedge portion; and a spring that constantly surrounds the lower end of the shaft between the bushing and the wedge portion and applies elastic force to the upper portion of the wedge portion.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water provided to the lower flow path through the water provider forms a water film between the bottom surface of the wedge portion and the wheel tread, and the ultrasonic precision inspection module can use the water as an ultrasonic contact medium to facilitate contact between the wedge portion and the wheel surface and increase ultrasonic beam transmittance.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, an ultrasonic inspection method using the ultrasonic inspection module may include the steps of: analyzing stress on the wheel; selecting a defect-prone area based on the stress analysis results; determining the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic incident angle in consideration of the selected defect-prone area; and analyzing defects in the wheel using a pulse-echo inspection method or a TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step of analyzing the stress on the web portion of the wheel, an ultrasonic inspection method can be applied in which a weight is set on the axle center line of the wheel to derive a stress distribution occurring in the web portion of the wheel, and an area where stress is concentrated based on the stress distribution result is selected as the defect occurrence expected area of ​​the web portion of the wheel.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, an ultrasonic inspection method can be applied in which the position of the sensor module on the tread surface; the incident angle of the ultrasonic waves; and the frequency of the ultrasonic waves are set so that the ultrasonic waves pass through the defect occurrence expected area in the step of determining the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic incident angle.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, a total of four regions where defects are expected to occur in the wheel web portion are selected, and each sensor module that provides ultrasonic waves to each region has a horizontal separation distance X from each region, an angle θ tilted based on the position of each region, and an angle α formed by the wedge portion with respect to each region, as follows: first sensor module: X=168mm, θ=21°, α=42.5°; second sensor module: X=224mm, θ=28°, α=36.6°; third sensor module: X=264mm, θ=33°, α=31.25°; fourth sensor module: X=319mm, θ=39°, α=26.2°; and these conditions can be applied to the ultrasonic inspection method for the wheel web portion.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step of analyzing the stress on the wheel rim portion, a total of four inspection areas 1', 2', 3', and 4' where defects are expected to occur are selected, and for a total of three wedges that provide ultrasonic waves to each area, the area to be inspected, the distance in the third direction Z downward from the origin of the rim portion where it must be located, and the incidence angle of the wedge are respectively as follows: Ultrasonic wedge (left): inspection area 1', separation distance = 28.3 mm, incidence angle = 23.1° (upward shear wave); Ultrasonic wedge (center): inspection area 2', separation distance = 15.3 mm, incidence angle = 0° (vertical longitudinal wave); Ultrasonic wedge (right): inspection areas 3' and 4', separation distance = 25.3 mm, incidence angles of 27° (downward shear wave) and 40° (downward longitudinal wave); the above conditions can be applied to the ultrasonic inspection method for a wheel rim portion.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third inspection module is mounted on a laser inspection module mounting base that is installed on one side of a frame that supports the upper end of the lower frame module at a position where a laser beam can be irradiated toward the wheel, and the laser inspection module, which is composed of a plurality of laser sensors, receives lasers emitted from light-emitting units in the laser sensors at light-receiving units to inspect defects on the tread surface of the rim, which is the part of the wheel of the railway vehicle that comes into contact with the tracks.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laser inspection module mounting base includes a first stage that allows the laser inspection module to slide in a first direction (X-axis); and a second stage that allows the laser inspection module to slide in a fourth direction (N-axis) that connects the laser inspection module and the center axis of the wheel by a straight line; the first stage serves to move the inspection range of the wheel surface, and the second stage serves to adjust the inspection range of the wheel surface by changing the distance between the laser sensor and the wheel surface.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laser inspection module receives the laser emitted by the light-emitting unit of the laser sensor when it is reflected on the surface of the wheel, thereby obtaining a profile of the surface of the rim of the wheel, and the laser inspection module mounting base can be configured so that the laser inspection module is mounted at a predetermined angle so that the laser beam is emitted to penetrate the center of the wheel and is incident in the normal direction of the rim, in order to ensure the reproducibility of the inspection for obtaining the profile of the surface of the rim. [Effects of the Invention]

[0037] A railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to an embodiment of the present invention According to the embodiment, since it is possible to distinguish between defects in the web portion and defects in the rim portion of the wheel using separate inspection modules, it is possible to perform more reliable inspection and evaluation of various wheel conditions. At this time, by designing the posture, position, and movement range of each inspection module for accurate inspection of the web portion and rim portion of the wheel, it is possible to perform more accurate inspection of wheels of various sizes.

[0038] In particular, since the size of the wheel is variable, it is possible to raise the wheel to various positions and rotate the wheel using the rotation module, as well as raise and lower the position of the wheel.When installing the wheel in the inspection device, the upper frame module is moved horizontally to secure the required space, and then the wheel is installed and moved back to its original position, making it easier to install and remove the wheel.

[0039] In addition, considering that curvature varies depending on the size of the wheel, the first inspection module that inspects defects using ultrasound is designed so that the first inspection unit at the end can move horizontally and vertically as well as rotate, so that it can be accurately attached to the web portion of the wheel in various positions. Similarly, the second inspection module that inspects defects using ultrasound is designed so that the second inspection unit at the end can move horizontally and vertically, so that it can be accurately attached to the rim portion of the wheel. In particular, both the first and second inspection modules include a pressure unit that uses elastic force to ensure stable contact and attachment of the first and second inspection units, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the inspection.

[0040] The third inspection module, which uses a laser to inspect for defects, is also designed to be horizontally movable and adjustable in distance from the wheels, ensuring repeatability and reliability of the inspection.

[0041] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, but should be understood to include all effects that can be inferred from the configuration of the invention described in the detailed description of the present invention or the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0042] To better understand the drawings referred to herein, a brief description of each drawing is provided. [Figure 1] 1 is a front perspective view of a railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2]1 is a rear perspective view of a railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 3] 1 illustrates a sliding movement structure of an upper frame module in a first direction x according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 shows a fixing module and a fixing unit for fixing the center of a wheel according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 10 illustrates a pair of rotation modules that rotate wheels according to an embodiment of the present invention, and how the third direction position of the wheels is adjusted while moving in the second direction Y. [Figure 6] This shows a state in which a first inspection body according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted on an upper frame module, and can slide in the second direction Y and the third direction Z, rotate around the axis of the first direction X, and tilt using a tilting stage to easily contact the wheel rim. [Figure 7] 2 shows a first inspection module in detail according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 8] 1 illustrates a state in which a second inspection body according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached to an upper frame module through a folding frame and can slide in a first direction X and a third direction Z. [Figure 9] 1 shows the configuration of an ultrasonic sensor module used for internal inspection of a wheel web portion. [Figure 10] This shows the principle of the ultrasonic sensor module being in close contact with the surface of the wheel. [Figure 11] 1 shows the structure of a sensor module for injecting water as a couplant between the wheel and the wedge. [Figure 12] 1 shows the process in which the ultrasonic inspection module performs ultrasonic detection and inspection. [Figure 13] This shows the state of simultaneously inspecting a wheel using the P / E inspection method and the TOFD inspection method using an ultrasonic inspection module. [Figure 14]This shows a comparison of wheel inspection using the P / E inspection method and the TOFD inspection method using an ultrasonic inspection module. [Figure 15] 1 shows the flow of an ultrasonic inspection method using an ultrasonic inspection module. [Figure 16] This shows an image illustrating the results of stress analysis on the wheel web and the results of selecting areas where defects are likely to occur. [Figure 17] 1 shows the ultrasonic beam path analysis process for determining the sensor module position and the wedge incident angle, and the resulting sensor module position and wedge incident angle. [Figure 18] The results of ultrasonic beam path analysis and S-scan signals for each sensor module using the P / E method are shown. [Figure 19] This shows the results of ultrasonic beam path analysis and ultrasonic signal analysis for each sensor module using the TOFD method. [Figure 20] 1 shows a schematic diagram of the locations where defects mainly occur in the wheel rim. [Figure 21] 1 shows the wedge positions and wedge angles for each inspection area relative to the wheel rim portion. [Figure 22] This shows the results of ultrasonic beam path analysis for each sensor module in an ultrasonic inspection of the wheel rim. [Figure 23] This shows the ultrasonic inspection results for each sensor module in a P / E inspection of the ultrasonic sensor module on the wheel rim. [Figure 24] 1 shows a laser inspection module according to an embodiment of the present invention irradiating a laser beam to a light projecting section and receiving the reflected laser beam again at a light receiving section. [Figure 25] It shows that the laser inspection module according to an embodiment of the present invention can create optimal inspection conditions while moving in the X-axis and N-axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0043] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] The following detailed description will focus on the parts necessary for understanding the operation and function of the present invention.

[0045] In describing the embodiments of the present invention, technical details that are widely known in the technical field to which the present invention pertains and are not directly related to the present invention will be omitted.

[0046] This is to more clearly communicate the gist of the present invention without obscuring it by omitting unnecessary explanations.

[0047] Furthermore, in describing the components of the present invention, different reference numerals may be used in different drawings for components with the same name, and the same reference numerals may be used in different drawings.

[0048] However, even in such cases, this does not mean that the corresponding components have different functions depending on the embodiment, or that they have the same function in different embodiments, and the function of each component should be determined based on the description of each component in the corresponding embodiment.

[0049] Furthermore, unless otherwise defined in this specification, technical terms used in this specification should be interpreted in the sense that they are commonly understood by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which this invention belongs, and should not be interpreted in an overly comprehensive or overly narrow sense.

[0050] Furthermore, as used herein, singular expressions include plural expressions unless otherwise indicated in the context.

[0051] In this application, terms such as "comprise" or "include" should not be interpreted as including all of the components or steps described in the specification, but should be interpreted as meaning that some of the components or steps may not be included, or that additional components or steps may be included.

[0052] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the railway vehicle wheel inspection device (10, hereinafter referred to as the inspection device) according to this embodiment includes a lower frame module 100, an upper frame module 200, an upper end moving device 300, a fixed module 400, a rotating module 500, a first inspection module 600, a second inspection module 700, and a third inspection module 800.

[0053] The lower frame module 100 constitutes the lower frame of the inspection device 10 and includes a base plate 110 that is positioned on the ground and extends horizontally, and a lower frame 120 that is composed of multiple frames connected to each other on the base plate 110.

[0054] In this case, the structure of the lower frame module 100 is merely an example, and it is sufficient to form a lower space 101 in which a fixed module 400 and a rotating module 500, which will be described later, are located.

[0055] That is, in the case of the lower frame 120, the drawings show an example in which a plurality of horizontal frames and a plurality of vertical frames are connected to each other to form the lower space 101, but the connection relationship and arrangement relationship of the frames can be designed in various ways.

[0056] However, the lower frame module 100 must form a predetermined lower space 101 in which the fixing module 400 and the rotating module 500 are located, and the lower space 101 must be formed to have a predetermined height.

[0057] Upper end support frames 150 having a predetermined length parallel to the axial direction (X direction, first direction) of wheel 20 are formed on the upper end of lower frame 120 at the left and right sides of the wheel to be mounted. LM guide 300, which is an upper end moving device having a sliding groove structure along first direction x, is fastened to upper end support frame 150.

[0058] The upper frame module 200 constitutes the upper frame of the inspection device 10, and is placed on the upper end support frame 150 formed on the lower frame 120 of the lower frame module 100. The upper frame module 200 includes an upper vertical frame 210 that is fastened to the LM guide 300 and extends in an upward direction (Z direction, third direction), an upper horizontal frame 220 that extends horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the upper vertical frame 210 (Y direction, second direction), and additional horizontal frames 230 and 240. Therefore, the upper frame module 200 can be moved a predetermined distance in the longitudinal direction of the LM guide in order to mount a wheel on the inspection device.

[0059] In this case, the upper vertical frames 210 may extend in a pair parallel to each other as shown in the drawing, and the upper horizontal frame 220 connects the upper ends of the pair of upper vertical frames 210 to each other.

[0060] At this time, the additional horizontal frame 230 extends in the form of a plate having a predetermined height above the upper surface of the upper horizontal frame 220, and the first inspection module 600, which will be described later, is connected to the additional horizontal frame 230.

[0061] A folding frame 710 on which the second inspection module 700 is mounted is connected to the upper horizontal frame 220. The folding frame 710 is connected to the center of the upper horizontal frame 220, and a second vertical frame 720 on which the second inspection module 700 is mounted is connected to the folding frame 710 via a hinge so as to be rotatable about an axis in the second direction Y. When mounting wheels on the inspection device 10, the second vertical frame 720 can be lifted up to ensure space for mounting the wheels.

[0062] As shown in the figure, the upper frame module 200 forms an upper space 201 above the lower space 101, and wheels 20 are located in the lower space 101 and the upper space 201.

[0063] 4, the fixing module 400 includes a fixing extension frame 410 and a fixing unit 420. In this case, a pair of the fixing modules 400 are provided symmetrically in front and behind the wheel 20, and the pair has the same structure except for being symmetrical to each other. Therefore, only one fixing module 400 will be described below.

[0064] The fixed extension frame 410 is fixed to the base plate 110 and extends a predetermined length in the third direction Z, and the fixing unit 420 is fixed to an upper end of the fixed extension frame 410. That is, the fixed extension frame 410 is a frame that extends to position the fixing unit 420 at a predetermined height.

[0065] The fixing unit 420 is fixed to the upper end of the fixed extension frame 410 and fixes the center 25 of the wheel 20 to position the wheel 20 above the lower space 101 and the upper space 201 .

[0066] Specifically, the fixing unit 420 includes a pair of guide plates 421 spaced apart by a predetermined distance, a bar-shaped guide bar 422 extending in the first direction X between the guide plates, a guide block 423 moved in the first direction X along the guide bar 422, a bar-shaped extension bar 424 extending from the guide block 423 toward the wheel 20, and a circular plate-shaped fixing plate 425 connected to an end of the extension bar 424.

[0067] When the wheel 20 is positioned between the pair of fixing units 420, the guide block 423 is moved along the guide bar 422, and the fixing plate 425 connected to the end of the extension bar 424 is engaged with the center 25 of the wheel 20, and the wheel 20 is fixed by the pair of fixing units 420.

[0068] In this case, the fixing plate 425 must be connected to the extension bar 424 so as to be rotatable when the wheel 20 rotates. Also, the fixing plate 425 must have a shape that can be coupled with the shape of the flange formed on the center portion 25 of the wheel 20.

[0069] 5 shows details of the rotation module and the rotation module control unit. The rotation modules 500 are located on the base plate 110, and as shown in the figure, a pair of the rotation modules 500 may be arranged at a predetermined distance from each other.

[0070] The rotation module 500 includes a roller 570 that rotates the wheel, a stage 580 that supports the roller 570 so that the roller 570 can rotate, and a roller drive motor 550 that rotates the roller 570, and is coupled to a transfer guide 590 that guides the roller 570 so that the roller 570 can slide in the second direction Y.

[0071] In addition, the rotation module 500 is connected to a ball screw shaft, and when the gear box 520 is operated by the operation of the roller moving motor 510, the ball screw shaft 530 connected thereto rotates, and is transported along the roller transport guide 590. At this time, the roller driving motor 550 is also transported along the motor transport guide 560. When the ball screw shaft 530 rotates, the ball nuts 540 provided on the left and right sides of the ball screw shaft 530 rotate in opposite directions. Therefore, when the torque generated by the roller driving motor 550 is transmitted to the ball screw shaft 530 through the gear box 520, the pair of rotation modules 500 are transported toward or away from each other through the stage 580 and the transport guide 590.

[0072] At this time, when the rotation modules 500 move toward each other, the railroad vehicle wheels 20 placed on the rollers 570 are raised, and when the rotation modules 500 move away from each other, the railroad vehicle wheels 20 are lowered.

[0073] The pair of rotation modules 500 move toward each other in the second direction Y as indicated by the arrow, thereby lifting the wheels 20 upward in the third direction Z. When the wheels 20 are lifted and the center portions 25 are aligned with the fixing plates 425, the wheels 20 are fixed to the fixing modules 400. Of course, depending on the size, i.e., radius, of the wheels 20, the wheels 20 may be lowered in addition to being lifted in order to align the fixing plates 425 with the center portions 25.

[0074] The roller driving motor 550 is located on one side of the stage 580 and provides a rotational driving force, which is applied to the roller 570. The roller 570 rotates around a rotation axis.

[0075] In this case, the rollers 570 are in contact with the wheel 20, and as the rollers 570 rotate, the wheel 20 also rotates. That is, the rotation module 500 is provided in pairs, and when the pair of rollers 570 rotate in the same direction, for example, clockwise, while in contact with the wheel 20, the wheel 20 rotates counterclockwise.

[0076] In addition to rotating the wheel 20, the rotation module 500 moves the wheel 20 up or down through the movement along the second direction Y to position the wheel 20 so that it can be fixed to the fixing module 400.

[0077] After the wheel 20 is fixed as described above, the first and second inspection modules 600 and 700 are brought close to or into contact with the wheel 20 to perform the inspection.

[0078] 6 and 7, the first inspection module 600 inspects defects in the web portion of the wheel 20 and includes a first vertical frame 610, a first rotating frame 620, a first inspection body 630, and a first inspection unit 640.

[0079] The first vertical frame 610 extends vertically along the third direction Z and includes a first vertical plate 611, a transfer portion 612, a first sliding plate 613, a sliding groove portion 614, and a fixing portion 615. The first vertical plate 611 has a rectangular plate shape extending a predetermined length along the third direction Z, and the transfer portion 612 is formed at an upper end of the first vertical plate 611.

[0080] The transfer part 612 is slidably coupled to a rail part 231 formed along the upper surface of the additional horizontal frame 230, and as the transfer part 612 slides along the rail part 231, the position of the first vertical plate 611 is changed along the second direction Y. At this time, the first vertical plate 611 may be provided with a lever 232 that can fix the position so that it does not move from a designated position.

[0081] Meanwhile, the first sliding plate 613 is coupled to an upper surface of the first vertical plate 611 and slides in the third direction Z along the first vertical plate 611. At this time, a pair of first sliding grooves 614 are formed on the first vertical plate 611, so that the first sliding plate 613 can slide along the first sliding grooves 614.

[0082] In addition, a plurality of fixing portions 615 are formed at regular intervals on the first sliding groove portion 614, and the sliding plate 613 may have fixing portions formed thereon that can be coupled with or fixed to each of the fixing portions 615. As a result, the sliding plate 613 can be fixed and positioned at a specific position while moving along the third direction Z.

[0083] Meanwhile, the first rotating frame 620 is connected onto the first sliding plate 613 and is coupled to be rotatable about the first direction X as a rotation center axis relative to the sliding plate 613. Specifically, the first rotating frame 620 includes a first rotating plate 621, a tilting stage 622, a first pressure part 623, and a center part 624.

[0084] The first rotating plate 621 is rotatably connected to the sliding plate 613 through the center portion 624 and rotates around the first direction X as a rotation central axis based on the center portion 624. The first rotating plate 621 may have a rectangular plate shape extending a predetermined length, and the tilting stage 622 is connected to an end of the first rotating plate 621.

[0085] Meanwhile, the first pressure member 623 is located on the first rotating plate 621, with one side fixed and the other side connected to the tilting stage 622. In this case, the first pressure member 623 may be an elastic body having a predetermined elastic force, and accordingly applies a predetermined pressure to the tilting stage 622.

[0086] Therefore, the first inspection body 630 connected to the tilting stage 622 can be more stably attached to the web portion 22 of the wheel 20 by the applied pressure.

[0087] The tilting stage 622 has a structure in which a first pressure unit connection part (not shown) and the inspection body connection part (not shown) are connected together via a hinge, and the inspection body 630 can be rotated around the hinge to come into contact with or separate from the rim part 23. The ultrasonic inspection module can be tilted by the tilting stage, which can facilitate contact between the ultrasonic inspection module and the tread of the wheel rim part 23.

[0088] As the position and attitude of the first rotating plate 621 are changed, the position and attitude of the first inspection body 630 connected to the tilting stage 622 can be changed.

[0089] The first inspection body 630 may have a curved block shape including a contact surface 631 having the same curvature as the wheel 20 and forming a predetermined internal space 632. The first inspection body 630 is connected to the tilting stage 622 and is brought into close contact with the rim part 23 by the pressure of the first pressure part 623, as described above.

[0090] The first inspection unit 640 is located in a predetermined internal space 632 formed by the first inspection body 630 and uses ultrasonic waves to inspect defects in the web portion 22 of the wheel 20. In this case, as shown in the figure, a plurality of first inspection units 640 are arranged at regular intervals and are closely attached to the rim portion 23 to perform ultrasonic inspections on different areas, and the number of first inspection units 640 may be variously changed.

[0091] Meanwhile, as described above, the first inspection modules 600 may be provided in pairs, and when provided in pairs, they may be disposed symmetrically with respect to the wheel 20. When inspecting the web portion 22 of the wheel 20 through the inspection unit 640 of the first inspection modules 600 provided in pairs, it is possible to use all of the pair of first inspection modules 600 or to selectively use only one first inspection module 600.

[0092] As described above, the position of the first vertical frame 610 can be changed along the second direction Y on the additional horizontal frame 230, and the position of the first rotating frame 620 can be changed along the third direction Z on the first vertical frame 610, and the posture of the first rotating frame 620 can be changed so that it can rotate relative to the first vertical frame 610.

[0093] Therefore, even if the position of the rim portion 23 of the wheel 20 to be inspected varies, the first inspection module 600 can easily contact the rim portion 23 at various positions and postures. Therefore, inspection of defects in the web portion of the wheel 20 can be easily performed regardless of the size of the wheel 20.

[0094] 8, the bending frame 710, which includes a second vertical frame 720 on which the second inspection module 700 is mounted, includes a second vertical plate 730 formed to a predetermined length along the third direction z, and the second vertical plate 730 includes a second sliding groove 731 and a second fixing portion 735. A second sliding plate 740 is coupled to the second vertical plate 730 and slides in the third direction Z along the second vertical plate 730. At this time, a pair of second sliding grooves 731 are formed on the second vertical plate 730, so that the second sliding plate 740 can slide along the sliding grooves 731.

[0095] In addition, a plurality of second fixing portions 736 are formed at regular intervals on the second sliding groove portion 731, and the second sliding plate 740 may have fixing portions 735 formed thereon that can be coupled with or fixed to each of the second fixing portions 736. As a result, the second sliding plate 740 can be fixed and positioned at a specific position while moving along the third direction Z.

[0096] Meanwhile, the second sliding plate 740 includes a second pressure unit 750 and a second inspection body 760. One side of the second pressure unit 750 is fixed to the second sliding plate 740, and the other side is connected to the second inspection body support (). In this case, the second pressure unit 740 has a structure that allows its length to be extended in the first direction x, so that the position of the second inspection body 760 in the first direction x can be adjusted. The second pressure unit 740 may be an elastic body having a predetermined elastic force, and accordingly, a predetermined pressure is applied to the second inspection body 760.

[0097] Therefore, the applied pressure allows the second inspection unit 770 to vary its position along the first direction X and to more stably adhere to the rim portion 23 of the wheel 20. As described above, the second inspection body 760 is also formed to be movable by a predetermined amount in the first direction x and the third direction Z, so that the second inspection unit 770 can more accurately and stably adhere to the rim portion 23 of the wheel 20 to perform defect inspection. Furthermore, regardless of the type or size of the wheel 20, the second inspection module 700 can inspect the rim portion for defects on a variety of wheels.

[0098] According to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to perform a separate inspection module to distinguish between defects in the web portion 22 and defects in the rim portion 23 of the wheel, thereby enabling more reliable inspection and evaluation of various wheel conditions. At this time, by designing the posture, position, and movement range of each inspection module to accurately inspect the web portion 22 and the rim portion 23 of the wheel, it is possible to perform inspection with higher accuracy for wheels of various sizes.

[0099] Also, considering that curvature varies depending on the size of the wheel, the first inspection module is designed so that the first inspection unit provided at the end can rotate as well as move horizontally and vertically, thereby enabling more accurate attachment to the web portion 22 of the wheel in various positions. Similarly, the second inspection module is designed so that the second inspection unit provided at the end can move horizontally and vertically, thereby enabling more accurate attachment to the rim portion 23 of the wheel. In particular, both the first and second inspection modules include a pressure unit that uses elastic force to ensure stable contact and attachment of the first and second inspection units, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the inspection.

[0100] The rotation module is designed to be able to rotate as well as lift so that the size of the wheels can be changed and the wheels can be raised to various positions. In order to attach the wheels to the inspection device, the upper frame module 200 can be moved, and the second vertical frame 720 of the folding frame on which the second inspection body 760 is attached can be lifted up to secure space for attaching the wheels, making it easier to attach and detach the wheels.

[0101] 9 shows the configuration of a sensor module, and the ultrasonic inspection module for inspecting the inside of the web portion is composed of four sensor modules. The sensor module is broadly composed of a wedge portion 900 coupled with an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic probe jig 980 that contacts the wedge portion 900, a spring 963, a joint 940, a sensor module jig 970, a BNC 985, etc. The four sensor modules simultaneously contact the wheel to perform the inspection.

[0102] The ultrasonic sensor module moves in a normal direction to the wheel tread portion, which is the contact surface, due to the spring, and receives force in the normal direction, facilitating ultrasonic transmission within the wheel. It is also designed to be capable of rotational movement, facilitating contact between the tread surface of the wheel rim and the wedge. A joint 940 is coupled to the wedge portion 900 to supply a couplant between the tread surface of the wheel 20 and the wedge portion 900.

[0103] 10, the ultrasonic inspection module according to this embodiment includes a frame unit 950 and a plurality of sensor modules 922, 923, 924, and 925. The frame unit 950 includes a pair of first and second side frames 951 and 952 extending parallel to each other on both sides, and a fixture 953 forming the top surface. The sensor modules 922, 923, 924, and 925 are located inside the frame unit 950.

[0104] In this embodiment, a total of four sensor modules are arranged in a row in the internal space of the frame part 950, but the number of sensor modules is not limited as long as it is at least one. However, for the sake of convenience, the following description will be given with an example in which there are four sensor modules, and each of the sensor modules has the same structure and shape.

[0105] The sensor module includes a wedge portion 900, a plunger portion 960, and a water supply portion 990. The wedge portion 900 generates ultrasonic waves and has an ultrasonic probe (not shown) located therein to transmit or receive ultrasonic waves. Since the specific ultrasonic wave generation and reception mechanisms are conventional, detailed description thereof will be omitted. The wedge portion 900 may have a rectangular block shape as a whole, and one corner of the rectangular block may be inclined, but the shape is not limited thereto.

[0106] Specifically, the wedge portion 900 includes an upper surface portion 910, a body portion 920, and a bottom surface portion 930. The upper surface portion 910 forms the upper surface of the wedge portion 900, and the bottom surface portion 930 forms the bottom surface of the wedge portion 900. In this case, the plunger portion 960 is coupled onto the upper surface portion 910, and the bottom surface portion 930 is a surface that comes into close contact with the tread surface 21 of the wheel.

[0107] The body 920 forms the body of the wedge 900 and defines a predetermined internal space 921 therein. In this case, the ultrasonic probe (not shown) can be positioned in the internal space. The plunger 960 includes a shaft 961 and a fixture 953, and presses the wedge 900 downward through the shaft 961 and the fixture 953 so that the wedge 900 is in close contact with the wheel 20. Specifically, the fixture 953 has a plate shape extending horizontally and is positioned to be spaced a predetermined height from the upper surface 910 of the wedge 900.

[0108] The fixing jig 953 is positioned to be fixed to the pair of first and second side frames 951 and 952, and the position of the fixing jig 953 is maintained in a fixed state. The shaft 961 passes through the fixing jig 953 to which the bushing is fastened and extends downward, and the spring 963 is positioned at the lower end of the shaft 961.

[0109] The spring 963 has an upper end connected to the bushing 962 and a lower end in close contact with the upper surface portion 910, and extends in the vertical direction, which is the extension direction of the shaft 961. The wedge portion 900 is pressed downward by the spring 963, and at this time, the spring 963 may be a spring having a predetermined elastic modulus.

[0110] In this way, the pressure of the spring 963 presses the wedge portion 900, and the wedge portion 900 is pushed downward. Therefore, the bottom surface 930 of the wedge portion 900, which is positioned to form a predetermined gap between itself and the tread surface 21, comes into close contact with the tread surface 21 due to the pressure.

[0111] When no external force is applied, the wedge portion 900 is fixed on the fixing jig 953 via the plunger portion 960, and the bottom surface 930 of the wedge portion 900 is designed to be spaced apart from the tread 21 by a predetermined distance. When the ultrasonic inspection device 10 moves to an inspection position on the wheel tread 21, contact between the bottom surface 930 of the wedge portion 900 and the tread 21 prevents movement obstruction or damage to the wedge portion due to contact between the bottom surface 930 of the wedge portion 900 and the tread 21.

[0112] However, after moving to the inspection position, in order for the ultrasonic waves generated by the wedge portion 900 to pass through the tread 21 and be effectively transmitted to the rim or web of the wheel 20, the bottom surface 930 of the wedge portion 900 must be in close contact with the tread 21. When an external force is applied to the plunger portion 960, the pressure of the plunger portion 960 causes the bottom surface 930 of the wedge portion 900 to be in close contact with the tread 21.

[0113] 11, the water provider 990 provides water so that a water film is formed between the bottom portion 930 and the tread 21 when the bottom portion 930 and the tread 21 are in close contact with each other. The water provider 990 includes an inlet portion 991, a descending passage 992, a first lower passage 993, and a second lower passage 994.

[0114] The inlet 991 extends through the upper surface 910 of the wedge portion 900 and is connected to an external water providing unit to receive water from the outside. In this case, a pair of the inlet 991 may be formed spaced apart from each other on the upper surface 910, and the number and positions thereof may be variously designed.

[0115] The descending passage 992 is connected to the inlet 991, extends downward through the internal space 921 of the body 920, and supplies the inflowing water downward. In this case, although the descending passage 992 is illustrated as extending vertically downward in FIG. 4a, the extension direction of the descending passage 992 may be variously designed, and it is sufficient that the inflowing water is supplied downward.

[0116] The first and second lower channels 993 and 994 are connected to the descending channel 992 and are formed along the bottom surface 930. In this case, although the first and second lower channels 993 and 994 are shown extending perpendicularly to each other and formed along the bottom surface 930 in the drawings, the extension direction of the lower channels may also be varied in various ways. That is, the first and second lower channels 993 and 994 may be formed to extend in various directions from the bottom surface 930, and it is sufficient that water is provided between the bottom surface 930 and the tread 21 through them.

[0117] When water is supplied between the bottom portion 930 and the tread 21 through the first and second lower channels 993 and 994, a water film 995 is formed, and this water film 995 facilitates contact between the wedge portion 900 and the wheel surface and has the effect of increasing the transmittance of ultrasonic beams, so that ultrasonic waves generated in the wedge portion 900 can be more effectively transmitted to the tread 21. Meanwhile, in order for the water film 995 to be stably formed during the ultrasonic inspection process, the water supplier 990 must continuously supply water during the ultrasonic inspection process.

[0118] According to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the sensor module that generates ultrasonic waves is more closely attached to the tread surface, and a water film is formed between them, thereby more effectively guiding the transmission and reception of ultrasonic signals and improving the accuracy of defect inspection for the rim or web of the wheel.

[0119] In particular, the ultrasonic precision inspection module moves on the wheel tread for inspection, and the sensor module and the tread are spaced apart during the movement, and the sensor module and the tread are in close contact only when detecting defects, thereby improving the ease of movement to any position as well as the accuracy of defect detection. In this case, the sensor module includes a plunger that presses a wedge that generates ultrasonic waves when an external force is applied, and the plunger presses the wedge through an elastic pressure, thereby improving the contact with the tread.

[0120] In addition, water flowing in from the outside penetrates the wedge portion and is supplied to the tread along the lower flow path formed in the bottom surface of the wedge portion, so water is effectively supplied between the tread and the wedge portion, allowing for effective transmission of ultrasonic signals through the water film.Furthermore, defect evaluation of the rim portion and web portion of the wheel can be performed through a single ultrasonic precision inspection module, thereby enabling more reliable inspection and evaluation of various wheel conditions.

[0121] 12, the ultrasonic inspection process of the present invention includes a process of operating a sensor module through stress analysis, selection, simulation, and control processes. The sensor module generates and acquires ultrasonic signals for inspecting defects in the rim portion 23 and web portion 22, and determines whether or not there are defects based on the ultrasonic signals.

[0122] 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the detection of defects in a rim portion and a web portion using an ultrasonic inspection module. Referring to FIG. 13, ultrasonic inspection modules 10 and 11 according to this embodiment are located in pairs on a wheel 20 of a railway vehicle to detect defects 30 and 40 in the web portion of the wheel 20.

[0123] Generally, the rim portion 23 of a wheel refers to the outer peripheral portion of the wheel 20 including the tread 21 where the wheel contacts the rail and the flange, and in this embodiment, the ultrasonic inspection module detects defects in the rim portion of Figure 20 using a pulse-echo (P / E) inspection method.

[0124] In contrast, the web portion 22 of the wheel is a web that connects the tread 21 and the hub, and the ultrasonic inspection module in this embodiment detects defects 40 in the web portion using the pulse-echo (P / E) inspection method or the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method. However, to avoid redundant explanation of the pulse-echo inspection method and the TOFD inspection method, the following description will be given by exemplifying the case where the pulse-echo inspection method is used for defects in the rim portion and the TOFD inspection method is used for defects in the web portion.

[0125] Meanwhile, the pulse-echo inspection method is an inspection method in which one sensor module functions as both a transmitter and a receiver, while the TOFD inspection method is an inspection method in which a pair of sensor modules, one of which functions as a transmitter and the other as a receiver, perform an inspection. Therefore, if the pair of ultrasonic inspection modules 10, 11 are symmetrically positioned with the first ultrasonic inspection module on one side of the wheel 20 and the second ultrasonic inspection module on the other side of the wheel 20, both the pulse-echo inspection method and the TOFD inspection method can be applied.

[0126] That is, when the first ultrasonic inspection module 10 includes the first to fourth sensor modules and the second ultrasonic inspection module includes the fifth to eighth sensor modules, the rim portion defects in Figure 20 can be detected using the pulse-echo inspection method, and the web portion defects 30 and 40 can be detected using the pulse-echo inspection method or the TOFD inspection method.

[0127] For example, since the pulse echo inspection method requires one sensor module to perform both the roles of transmitter and receiver, the first sensor module (101, #1) of the first ultrasonic inspection module can perform the roles of transmitter and receiver for the web portion defects 30, 40, and similarly, the eighth sensor module (108, #8) of the second ultrasonic inspection module can perform the roles of transmitter and receiver for the web portion defects 30, 40.

[0128] In contrast, in the TOFD inspection method, the sensor modules used as transmitters and the sensor modules used as receivers are different from each other, so the second to fourth sensor modules (102, 103, 104, #2, #3, #4) of the first ultrasonic inspection module can act as transmitters for the web portion defects 30 and 40, and the fifth to seventh sensor modules (105, 106, 107, #5, #6, #7) of the second ultrasonic inspection module can act as receivers for the web portion defects 30 and 40.

[0129] Of course, it is obvious that the combination of the sensor module used in the pulse echo inspection method and the sensor module used in the TOFD inspection method can be changed differently, but the optimal combination of receiver and transmitter can be selected taking into account the location and number of the web portion defects 30, 40.

[0130] As described above, by disposing a pair of ultrasonic inspection modules, each including at least one sensor module, on the wheel 20, ultrasonic defect detection for defects in the rim and web portions can be performed using the pulse echo inspection method and the TOFD inspection method.

[0131] However, as mentioned above, in order to use the TOFD inspection method, a pair of ultrasonic inspection modules must be installed: one that acts as an ultrasonic transmitter, and another that is positioned so that the transmitted ultrasonic waves can be received when the ultrasonic waves are reflected by defects. In this way, the ability to selectively use inspection methods makes it possible to inspect wheels according to various shapes and structures.

[0132] When defects included in the wheel 20 include web defects 30 and 40, the ultrasonic inspection module can perform flaw detection for the web defects 30 and 40 using the pulse echo inspection method or the TOFD inspection method.

[0133] For example, if the TOFD inspection method is used, the first to fourth sensor modules (101, 102, 103, 104, #1, #2, #3, #4) of the first ultrasonic inspection module can act as transmitters for the web portion defects 30, 40, and the fifth to eighth sensor modules (105, 106, 107, 108, #5, #6, #7, #8) of the second ultrasonic inspection module can act as receivers for the web portion defects 30, 40.

[0134] Alternatively, the web defects 30 and 40 included in the wheel 20 can be detected using the pulse echo inspection method. In this case, since the pulse echo inspection method can be performed using one ultrasonic inspection module, the first to fourth sensor modules (101, 102, 103, 104, #1, #2, #3, #4) of the second ultrasonic inspection module can each function as a transmitter and receiver for the web defects 30 and 40.

[0135] Of course, when applying such a pulse echo inspection method, only one ultrasonic inspection module can be arranged as shown in Figure 4b to perform the inspection, or when a pair of ultrasonic inspection modules are arranged, only one of the inspection modules can be driven to perform the inspection.

[0136] As described above, the detection of defects can be performed by selectively or all of the pulse-echo inspection method and the TOFD inspection method with one or a pair of ultrasonic inspection modules arranged in this embodiment, taking into consideration the type and occurrence state of the web defects 30, 40 included in the wheel 20. Therefore, regardless of the type of defect, various defect detection methods can be easily and conveniently applied without the need to set up or move a separate ultrasonic inspection module.

[0137] 15 and 16, in the ultrasonic inspection method using the ultrasonic inspection module according to this embodiment, stress on the web portion 22 of the wheel 20 is first analyzed before direct inspection for defects is performed. In this embodiment, an example in which stress is analyzed only for the web portion 22 of the wheel 20 is illustrated, but the stress analysis can be performed not only for the web portion but also for the rim portion. However, for convenience of explanation, the stress analysis result for the web portion will be described below as an example of a defect.

[0138] Such stress analysis can be performed through simulation, and Fig. 16 shows an example of the results of an FEM simulation. That is, as shown in Fig. 16, for example, a weight is set along the center line of the axle of a railroad vehicle wheel having a predetermined radius, and the stress distribution occurring in the web portion 22 of the railroad vehicle wheel can be derived in advance through simulation. Then, referring to Figs. 15 and 16, a predicted region where defects are likely to occur is selected based on the results of the stress analysis.

[0139] That is, based on the stress distribution simulation result in Fig. 16a, a predicted region 51 where a wheel defect will occur in the future can be selected as a region where stress is concentrated, as shown in Fig. 16b. At this time, the predicted region 51 where a wheel defect will occur may be selected from a plurality of regions. Furthermore, a criterion for determining whether or not a region where stress is concentrated exists may be preset, and the set criterion may be varied in various ways.

[0140] In this way, by preselecting a region of the wheel where defects are expected to occur as a region where stress is concentrated, the position of the ultrasonic inspection module can be preset based on the selected region, thereby minimizing the time and cost required for defect detection compared to detecting defects by inspecting all regions. In this case, the region where defects are expected to occur may be the rim portion or the web portion.

[0141] The positions and ultrasonic incident angles of the sensor modules are set in the ultrasonic inspection module 10 in consideration of the defect occurrence predicted zone 51. That is, if the ultrasonic inspection module 10 includes at least one sensor module, the positions and ultrasonic incident angles of each sensor module are set so that the sensor modules are positioned at the corresponding positions. For example, as shown in FIG. 17a, when the defect occurrence predicted zone Zone 1 is set, the positions of the sensor modules can be set relative to Zone 1.

[0142] The position of the sensor module is set in consideration of the position of an ultrasonic probe (not shown) that is located inside the wedge portion 900 and generates ultrasonic waves, that is, in consideration of the incident angle of the ultrasonic waves provided inside the wheel 20. In other words, the position of the sensor module must be set so that the ultrasonic waves provided inside the wheel 20 can reach the defect occurrence predicted area Zone 1, and similarly, the incident angle of the ultrasonic waves must also be set.

[0143] That is, the position of the sensor module can be set at a horizontal distance X1 based on a line segment passing through the zone Zone 1 and the central axis of the wheel 20, and at an angle θ1 tilted from the position of the zone Zone 1 (origin).

[0144] In addition, if the position of the sensor module is set so that the sensor module is positioned at a corresponding position, the wedge portion 900 included in the sensor module will be positioned in contact with the tread surface 21 of the wheel 20, and therefore the angle α1 formed by the wedge portion 900 with respect to the zone Zone 1 can also be set. In addition, the incident angle of the ultrasonic waves incident on the inside of the wheel 20 through the sensor module can also be set.

[0145] As described above, the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic incident angle can be determined taking into consideration the defect occurrence area. For example, if the defect occurrence area is four areas, Zone 1 to Zone 4, the position and incident angle of each sensor module can be set for a total of four sensor modules (101, 102, 103, 104) (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4).

[0146] The ultrasonic waves provided to the defect-prone area according to the thus-set positions and ultrasonic incident angles of the sensor modules are as shown in Fig. 17b. An example of the actual arrangement of four sensor modules with their positions and incident angles set to provide ultrasonic waves to the defect-prone area is shown in Fig. 17c.

[0147] In this case, the defect occurrence predicted areas Zone 1 to Zone 4 may be web defects 30 and 40, and the type of defect is not distinguished. This is because, as described above, the ultrasonic inspection module according to this embodiment can utilize both the pulse echo inspection method and the TOFD inspection method, and the sensor module most suitable for applying the corresponding inspection method can be selected and applied depending on the type and location of the defect.

[0148] [Table 1] Ultrasonic inspection module information when applying the pulsed eco inspection method JPEG2025169135000002.jpg37163

[0149] More specifically, the positions and ultrasonic incident angles of the sensor modules arranged in Fig. 17c are shown in a table. In this case, when applying the pulse-echo inspection method to the defect occurrence predicted areas Zone 1 to Zone 4, one ultrasonic inspection module 10 is used as described above. When such one ultrasonic inspection module 10 is used, the positions and ultrasonic incident angles of each sensor module are as shown in Table 1.

[0150] In this case, the ultrasonic inspection module 10 may include first to fourth sensor modules 100, 102, 103, and 104. Therefore, α1, α2, α3, and α4 are angles formed by the wedge portions of the first to fourth sensor modules with respect to each of Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 4, respectively, X1, X2, X3, and X4 are horizontal distances between the wedge portions of the first to fourth sensor modules and each of Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 4, respectively, and θ1, θ2, θ3, and θ4 are angles formed by the wedge portions of the first to fourth sensor modules with respect to the position (origin) of each of Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 4. Meanwhile, f represents the frequency of the ultrasonic probe.

[0151] That is, based on the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic incident angle set through [Table 1] as described above, the pulse echo inspection method can be applied, and defects in the wheels of the railway vehicle can be effectively detected through this.

[0152] On the other hand, when applying the TOFD inspection method to the defect occurrence predicted areas Zone 1 to Zone 4, a pair of ultrasonic inspection modules is used as described above. When such a pair of ultrasonic inspection modules is used, the positions of each sensor module and the ultrasonic incident angle are as shown in Table 2.

[0153] [Table 2] Ultrasonic inspection module information when applying TOFD inspection method JPEG2025169135000003.jpg37161

[0154] In this case, [Table 2] exemplifies the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic wave incident angle for one ultrasonic inspection module as shown in Figure 8, and it is sufficient that the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic wave incident angle of another ultrasonic inspection module are symmetrical with respect to the position and incident angle exemplified in [Table 2] above, with respect to the central axis passing through the zones Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 4.

[0155] In this case, α1, α2, α3, and α4 are angles formed by the wedge portions of the first to fourth sensor modules with respect to each of Zone1, Zone2, Zone3, and Zone4, respectively, X1, X2, X3, and X4 are horizontal distances between the wedge portions of the first to fourth sensor modules and each of Zone1, Zone2, Zone3, and Zone4, respectively, θ1, θ2, θ3, and θ4 are angles by which the wedge portions of the first to fourth sensor modules are tilted with respect to the position (origin) of each of Zone1, Zone2, Zone3, and Zone4, respectively, and f represents the frequency of the ultrasonic probe, as in Table 1 above.

[0156] That is, based on the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic incident angle set through [Table 2] as described above, the TOFD inspection method can be applied, thereby effectively detecting defects in the wheels of the railway vehicle.

[0157] As described above, after setting the position of the ultrasonic inspection module taking into consideration the area where defects are likely to occur, defects in the wheel 20 are analyzed using the pulse-echo inspection method or the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method.

[0158] At this time, the analysis of defects in the wheel 20 may be performed using the pulse-echo inspection method or the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method depending on the type of defect in the wheel 20. As described above, the pulse-echo inspection method may be applied to the rim portion defect in FIG. 20, and the pulse-echo inspection method or the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method may be applied to the web portion defects 30 and 40.

[0159] In the following, we will use simulation results to explain actual inspection results. Figure 18 shows the FEM simulation results for each sensor module when using the P / E method. (A), (C), (E), and (F) in Figure 18 show the path of the ultrasonic beam as it propagates through the wheel and hits a defect, scattering it. (B), (C), (D), (F), and (H) in Figure 18 show the ultrasonic signal (S-scan) within a specific angle range. Since the ultrasonic beam generated by the ultrasonic probe propagates as a spherical wave rather than a plane wave, the reflected wave that hits the defect propagates back to the sensor module.

[0160] This is an image illustrating the path of an ultrasonic beam when ultrasonic waves are provided to the defect-prone areas, Zone 1 to Zone 4, selected as the defect-prone areas at the set position of the ultrasonic inspection module 10 using a pulse-echo inspection method.

[0161] Figure 19 shows the FEM simulation results for each sensor module when using the TOFD method. (A), (C), (E), and (G) in Figure 19 show the path of the ultrasonic beam as it propagates through the wheel and hits a defect, scattering it. (B), (C), (D), (E), and (H) in Figure 19 show the defect signal (A-scan) acquired by the receiver. In this case, the TOFD method cannot acquire a defect signal unless the receiver is located at a point with the same reflection angle as the incident angle.

[0162] 11a to 11d, it can be seen that ultrasonic waves generated through the sensor modules 100, 102, 103, and 104 respectively propagate inside the wheel 20 and are scattered by the defects Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 4. In this case, the other sensor modules 105, 106, 107, and 108 that receive the ultrasonic waves must be positioned at the same reflection angle as the incident angle of the transmitted ultrasonic waves from the sensor modules 100, 102, 103, and 104 that transmit the ultrasonic waves.

[0163] As described above, the sensor modules 100, 102, 103, and 104 transmit ultrasonic waves to the defect zones 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the other sensor modules 105, 106, 107, and 108 receive the reflected waves from the defect zones 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, thereby detecting the web defects 30 and 40 using the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method.

[0164] Figure 20 shows the main defect locations 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the rim of a railway vehicle wheel, and also shows the selected inspection areas 1', 2', 3', and 4' to be inspected using the device of the present invention. Similar to the ultrasonic inspection of the web, three wedges were used in the ultrasonic precision flaw detection sensor module to inspect the corresponding areas of the rim, and the wedge angles were calculated.

[0165] As shown in Figure 21, the wedge position and setting angle for the inspection area of ​​the wheel rim are shown, and the frequencies (f) of the ultrasonic probe used in the same way as for the ultrasonic inspection of the web are 2.25 MHz and 5 MHz. The wedge position for inspecting inspection area 1' is 28.3 mm from the origin of the rim, and the wedge incidence angle is 23.1°. The wedge position for inspecting inspection area 2' is 15.3 mm from the origin of the rim, and the wedge incidence angle is 0° (normal incidence). The wedges for inspecting inspection areas 3' and 4' are 25.3 mm from the origin of the rim, and the wedge incidence angles are -27° and -40°, respectively.

[0166] Figure 22 shows the ultrasonic beam path analysis results using FEM simulation for each rim sensor module using a wedge, which was performed using the position and wedge incidence angle of the wedge attached to the module selected in Figure 16, and it can be seen that the inspection area is sufficiently included. In addition, the ultrasonic precision flaw detection sensor module that inspects the rim was inspected using the P / E method.

[0167] Figure 23 shows the results of ultrasonic inspection experiments using the previously selected wedge parameters of the railcar rim sensor module and FEM simulation. When defects exist in the previously selected inspection areas 1', 2', 3', and 4', the results of each ultrasonic experiment using the railcar rim sensor module are shown, confirming that inspection is possible.

[0168] As described above, ultrasonic waves can be transmitted or received depending on whether the defect is located in the rim portion or the web portion to perform detection. Also, if it is unclear whether the defect is located in the rim portion or the web portion, a pulse-echo inspection method can be applied to the rim portion defect, and a pulse-echo inspection method or a TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method can be applied to the web portion defect, and the results can be examined.

[0169] According to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, defect evaluation for the rim portion and web portion of a wheel can be performed through a single ultrasonic inspection module, thereby enabling more reliable inspection and evaluation of various conditions of the wheel.

[0170] In particular, when one ultrasonic inspection module includes multiple sensor modules, each sensor module can be used as a transmitter and receiver for defect inspection at multiple positions when using the pulse-echo inspection method, making it possible to inspect defects at various positions.

[0171] Meanwhile, when using the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method, a pair of ultrasonic inspection modules are positioned at the ultrasonic incident angle and reflection angle, respectively, and the sensor modules included in one ultrasonic inspection module are used as transmitters, and the sensor modules included in the other ultrasonic inspection module are used as receivers, so defect inspection can be performed at various positions in the same way.

[0172] In addition, in the ultrasonic inspection method using such an ultrasonic inspection module, an area where stress is concentrated is selected as a defect occurrence predicted area through a primary stress analysis, and the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic wave incident angle are determined taking into account the predicted area, thereby reducing trial and error, minimizing time and cost, and enabling accurate and fast detection of defect occurrence.

[0173] In this case, when using the pulse-echo inspection method or the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method as a detection method, the sensor module is optimally positioned taking into consideration the receiving position of the reflected ultrasonic signal, thereby making it possible to distinguish between various defects in the wheel, especially defects in the rim and web, and obtain results in a single inspection, thereby improving the speed, convenience, and accuracy of defect inspection.

[0174] A laser inspection module 800 for inspecting tread surface defects on the rim of a wheel is shown in Figures 24 and 25. A laser inspection body 810 consisting of two laser sensors 820 is mounted on a laser inspection module mounting base 830, which is installed adjacent to the wheel on one side of the upper end support frame 150 in a position where it can project a laser beam onto the rim 23 of the wheel, and the laser emitted from the light projecting unit is received by the light receiving unit.

[0175] The laser inspection module mounting base 830 includes a first stage 840 that allows the laser inspection body 810 to slide back and forth in the first direction (X-axis), which is the axial direction of the wheel 20, and a second stage 850 that allows the laser inspection body 810 to slide back and forth in the fourth direction (N-axis) that connects the laser inspection module and the central axis of the wheel with a straight line.

[0176] Figure 24 shows the laser sensor beam inspecting the surface of the wheel rim 23. The laser beam emitted from the laser sensor emerges in a triangular shape as the distance from the laser sensor increases, and it can be seen that when it reaches a certain distance, the width of each laser beam covers the entire tread surface of the wheel rim 23.

[0177] Also, to maintain consistent reproducibility of the inspection results, the laser must be designed to always be incident on the tread surface in the N-axis direction. The laser beam that reaches the surface of each wheel 20 is reflected off the surface of the wheel 20 and reaches the light receiving unit, thereby obtaining the surface profile of the wheel rim portion 23. That is, in order to ensure reproducibility of the inspection for obtaining the surface profile of the rim portion 23, the laser inspection module mounting base 830 must be mounted with the laser inspection body 810 at a predetermined angle so that the laser beam is irradiated to penetrate the center of the wheel 20 and is incident in the normal direction of the rim portion 23.

[0178] 25 shows the movement axes of the two stages. The N axis is the direction that passes through the center of the wheel, and the X axis is the direction perpendicular to the surface of the wheel rim 23. The second stage 850 in the N axis direction changes the distance between the laser sensor and the wheel surface to adjust the inspection range of the wheel surface, and the first stage 840 in the X axis direction moves the inspection range of the wheel surface.

[0179] The foregoing description sets forth the best mode of the invention and provides examples to explain the invention and to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The specification so written is not intended to limit the invention to the specific terms set forth.

[0180] Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those skilled in the art can make modifications, changes, and variations to the examples without departing from the scope of the present invention. In other words, it is not necessary to separately include all of the functional blocks shown in the drawings or to perform all of the sequences shown in the drawings in order to achieve the intended effects of the present invention, and it is to be made clear that even if they are not so, they can still fall within the technical scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0181] 10: Railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device 20: Wheels 21: Wheel tread 22: Wheel web 23: Wheel rim 25: Center of the wheel 30 (31, 32, 33): Web defects 40(41, 42): Web defects 51: Wheel defect occurrence area 100: Lower frame module 101: Lower space 110: Base plate 120: Lower frame 150: Upper end support frame 200: Upper frame module 201: Upper space 210: Upper vertical frame 220: Upper horizontal frame 230: Additional horizontal frame 231: Rail section 232: Lever 240: Additional horizontal frame 300:LM guide 400: Fixed module 410: Fixed extension frame 420: Fixed unit 421: Guide plate 422: Guide bar 423: Guide block 424: Extension bar 425:Fixed plate 500: Rotation module 510: Roller movement motor 520: Gearbox 530: Ball screw shaft 540: Ball nut 550: Roller drive motor 560: Motor transfer guide 570: Laura 580: Stage 590: Roller transfer guide 600: First inspection module 610: First vertical frame 611: First vertical plate 612:Transfer section 613: First sliding plate 614: Sliding groove 615: Fixed part 620: First rotating frame 621: First rotating plate 622: Tilting Stage 623: First pressure section 624: Center 630: First inspection fuselage 631: Wheel contact surface 640: First inspection unit 700: Second inspection module 710: Folding frame 720: Second vertical frame 730: Second vertical plate 731: Second sliding groove 735:Second fixed part 736:Second fixed part 740: Second sliding plate 750: Second pressure section 760: Second inspection fuselage 770: Second Inspection Unit 800: Third inspection module 810: Laser inspection fuselage 820: Laser sensor 830: Laser inspection module stand 840: 1st Stage 850: Second Stage 900: Wedge section 910:Top part 920: Torso 922, 923, 924, 925: Multiple Sensor Modules 930: Bottom part 940: Joint 950: Frame section 951: First side frame 952: Second side frame 953: Fixture 960: Plunger part 961: Shaft 962: Bush 963:Spring 970: Sensor module jig 980: Ultrasonic probe jig 985:BNC 990: Water supply department 991:Inflow section 992: Downstream flow path 993: First lower channel 994: Second lower channel 995: Water film

Claims

1. a lower frame module forming a lower space; an upper frame module coupled onto the lower frame module to form an upper space; a fixing module fixed to the lower frame module for fixing a wheel; a rotating module for rotating the wheels on the left and right sides of the fixed module; a first inspection module fixed to the upper frame module for inspecting defects in a web portion of the wheel; a second inspection module fixed to the upper frame module for inspecting defects in a rim portion of the wheel; and The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device includes a third inspection module fixed to the lower frame module for inspecting defects in a contact surface of a rim portion of the wheel with a railroad track.

2. an LM guide is further provided at an upper end of the lower frame module to move the upper frame module along a first direction (x); 2. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the upper frame module is moved in a first direction (x) to secure an installation space, and then the wheel is fixed to the fixing module.

3. 2. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second inspection modules are connected to the upper frame module, and the positions of the first and second inspection modules are variable depending on the size of the wheel.

4. The upper frame module comprises: an upper horizontal frame extending horizontally; an additional horizontal frame fixed to an upper surface of the horizontal frame, on which the first inspection module is positioned while moving horizontally along a rail portion; and 4. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 3, further comprising a folding frame positioned at the center of the upper horizontal frame, on which the second inspection module is positioned while moving vertically along a sliding groove.

5. The fixing module includes: a fixing unit including a pair of fixing plates coupled to the wheel center portion, fixing the wheel center portion to position the wheel above the lower space and the upper space; and 2. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising a fixed extension frame for positioning the fixing unit at a predetermined height where the wheel is located.

6. Each of the pair of rotation modules comprises: a roller that contacts the rim of the wheel to rotate and support the wheel; a roller drive motor for providing rotational driving force to the roller; a stage that supports the roller so that the roller can rotate; and 2. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising a transfer guide for allowing the stage to move in one direction.

7. The rotation module includes: a roller moving motor and a ball screw shaft rotated by the roller moving motor; and a pair of ball nuts that rotate in opposite directions when the ball screw shaft rotates to move the pair of stages in opposite directions; The rotation of the pair of ball nuts moves the pair of rotation modules toward or away from each other, thereby rotating the wheels and 7. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 6, wherein the wheel is raised or lowered to a position where it is fixed to the fixing module.

8. The first inspection module 2. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the inspection devices contacts the rim of the wheel along the rim and inspects the web for defects using ultrasonic waves.

9. When the first inspection module inspects the web portion for defects, the first inspection module inspects the defects using a pulse-echo inspection method; 10. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 8, wherein the first pair of inspection modules inspects the web portion for defects using a time of flight diffraction (TOFD) inspection method.

10. When using the pulse-echo test method, 10. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 9, wherein the ultrasonic inspection module includes a plurality of sensor modules arranged adjacent to each other on the wheel tread, and each of the sensor modules is used as a transmitter for generating ultrasonic waves and a receiver for receiving ultrasonic waves reflected from defects.

11. When using the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method, 10. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 9, wherein a pair of the ultrasonic inspection modules are arranged on the tread at a predetermined distance from each other, and a pair of the sensor modules are arranged, one of which is used as a transmitter for generating ultrasonic waves and the other of which is used as a receiver for receiving ultrasonic waves reflected from defects.

12. The first inspection module a first test body that contacts the wheel along the rim and has a contact surface with a curvature identical to the curvature of the wheel; and 10. The railroad vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 8, further comprising: a first inspection unit, a plurality of which are arranged inside the first inspection body and which applies ultrasonic waves to the web portion.

13. The first inspection module a first vertical frame extending vertically to facilitate contact between the wedge and the wheel; a first rotating frame to which the first inspection body is connected at its end and which rotates relative to the first vertical frame so that the first inspection body contacts the rim portion of the wheel; and 13. The railroad vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 12, further comprising a tilting stage that can rotate the first inspection body around a hinge.

14. The first vertical frame is the first rotating frame includes a sliding groove and a fixing portion formed on the sliding groove, and the first rotating frame is fixed on the sliding groove while its position is changed in a vertical direction; the first rotating frame includes a first pressure member having a predetermined elastic force; The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 13, wherein the first inspection body applies an external force to contact the rim portion of the wheel.

15. The second inspection module 2. The railroad vehicle wheel precision inspection device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of sensor modules disposed adjacent to each other on the wheel tread, wherein the wheel rim is inspected for defects using a pulse-echo inspection method in which one of the sensor modules is used as a transmitter for generating ultrasonic waves and a receiver for receiving ultrasonic waves reflected from defects.

16. The second inspection module a second vertical frame extending vertically; a second sliding plate extending perpendicular to the second vertical frame toward the rim portion of the wheel; a second inspection body attached to an end of the second sliding plate; and 16. The railroad vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 15, further comprising: a second inspection unit arranged in a plurality of pieces inside the second inspection body and applying ultrasonic waves to the rim portion.

17. The second sliding plate comprises: a second pressure unit having a predetermined elastic force; The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 16, wherein the second inspection body applies an external force to contact the rim portion of the wheel.

18. an ultrasonic precision inspection module including a sensor module for inspecting defects in a rim portion or a web portion of the wheel, the sensor module comprising: a wedge portion that generates ultrasonic waves; a plunger portion at an upper portion of the wedge portion for pressing the wedge portion against the tread surface; and 16. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 8 or 15, further comprising a water supply unit that supplies water to the wheel tread through the wedge unit.

19. The plunger portion is a fixing jig to which a bushing located on an upper portion of the wedge portion is fastened; a shaft that passes through a fixing jig to which the bushing is fastened and that comes into close contact with the wedge portion; and 19. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 18, further comprising a spring that constantly surrounds the lower end of the shaft between the bushing and the wedge portion and applies elastic pressure to the upper portion of the wedge portion.

20. The water provided to the lower passage through the water provider forms a water film between the bottom surface of the wedge and the wheel tread, 19. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 18, wherein the ultrasonic precision inspection module uses water as an ultrasonic couplant to facilitate contact between the wedge portion and the wheel surface and increase ultrasonic beam transmittance.

21. In the ultrasonic inspection method using the ultrasonic inspection module, analyzing stress on said wheel; selecting a region where defects are expected to occur based on the stress analysis results; determining the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic wave incident angle taking into account the selected expected area; and The railroad vehicle wheel precision inspection device is characterized in that it applies an ultrasonic inspection method including a step of analyzing defects in the wheel by the pulse-echo inspection method or the TOFD (time of flight diffraction) inspection method.

22. analyzing stress on a web portion of the wheel; A weight is set on the center line of the wheel axle to derive a stress distribution generated in a web portion of the wheel; 22. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 21, wherein an ultrasonic inspection method is applied that selects an area where stress is concentrated based on the stress distribution result as the defect occurrence expected area of ​​the web portion of the wheel.

23. determining the position of the sensor module and the ultrasonic wave incident angle so that the ultrasonic waves pass through the defect occurrence predicted area; the position of the sensor module on the tread; the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic waves; and 22. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 21, wherein an ultrasonic inspection method is applied in which the frequency of the ultrasonic waves is set.

24. A total of four regions are selected in which defects are expected to occur in the wheel web portion, Each sensor module that provides ultrasonic waves to each region is determined based on the horizontal separation distance (X) from each region, the angle (θ) tilted relative to the position of each region, and the angle (α) formed by the wedge portion relative to each region. First sensor module: X = 168 mm, θ = 21°, α = 42.5°; Second sensor module: X = 224 mm, θ = 28°, α = 36.6°; Third sensor module: X = 264 mm, θ = 33°, α = 31.25°; Fourth sensor module: X = 319 mm, θ = 39°, α = 26.2°; 24. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 23, wherein the conditions are applied to an ultrasonic inspection method for a wheel web portion.

25. In the step of analyzing the stress on the wheel rim portion, four inspection areas (1', 2', 3', 4') where defects are expected to occur are selected, and for a total of three wedges that provide ultrasonic waves to each area, the area to be inspected, the distance from the origin of the rim portion in the third direction Z downward, and the incident angle of the wedge are respectively: Ultrasonic wedge (left side): inspection area 1′, separation distance = 28.3 mm, incident angle = 23.1° (upward shear wave); Ultrasonic wedge (center): inspection area 2′, separation distance=15.3 mm, incident angle=0° (longitudinal wave vertical); Ultrasonic wedge (right side): inspection areas 3' and 4', separation distance = 25.3 mm, incidence angles 27° (shear wave downward) and 40° (longitudinal wave downward), respectively; 22. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 21, wherein the conditions are applied to an ultrasonic inspection method for a wheel rim portion.

26. The third inspection module 2. The railcar wheel precision inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the laser inspection module is mounted on a laser inspection module mounting base installed on one side of the frame supporting the upper end of the lower frame module at a position where it can irradiate a laser beam toward the wheel, and the laser inspection module is composed of a plurality of laser sensors, and receives lasers emitted from light-emitting units in the laser sensors at light-receiving units to inspect defects on a tread surface of a rim portion, which is a portion of the wheel of the railcar that comes into contact with the track.

27. The laser inspection module mounting base includes: a first stage for sliding movement of the laser inspection module in a first direction (X-axis); and a second stage configured to slide in a fourth direction (N-axis) that connects the laser inspection module and the central axis of the wheel with a straight line; 27. The railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device according to claim 26, wherein the first stage serves to move the inspection range of the wheel surface, and the second stage serves to adjust the inspection range of the wheel surface by changing the distance between the laser sensor and the wheel surface.

28. The laser inspection module includes: The laser emitted by the light-emitting part of the laser sensor is reflected on the surface of the wheel, and is received by the light-receiving part to obtain a profile of the surface of the wheel rim. The laser inspection module mounting base includes:

28. A railway vehicle wheel precision inspection device as set forth in claim 26 or claim 27, characterized in that the laser inspection module is mounted at a predetermined angle so that the laser beam is irradiated to penetrate the center of the wheel and is incident in the normal direction of the rim, in order to ensure repeatability of the inspection for obtaining the profile of the rim surface.

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