Rotatable medical device

Abstract

To provide an improved medical device and a related method.SOLUTION: A medical device includes: a shaft; a handle which houses a proximal part of the shaft; and a lock having a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration of the lock, the shaft is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the shaft with respect to the handle. In the second configuration of the lock, the shaft is fixed with respect to the handle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to medical devices having a shaft that rotates relative to a handle. More particularly, at least some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to medical devices having a locking mechanism that can be unlocked to allow rotation of the medical device shaft or locked to fix the shaft. [Background technology]

[0002] In certain medical procedures, physicians and / or technicians are required to control duodenoscopes (or other scopes or medical devices) and other paramedical devices. Depending on the patient's position relative to the physician's position, the physician controlling the device may need to twist and / or turn their wrist and / or body so that the medical device is adjusted and positioned to face the intended target site. As a result, physicians may be at increased risk of ergonomic injuries to their hands, wrists, and backs. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] According to one example, a medical device may include a shaft, a handle that houses a proximal portion of the shaft, and a lock having a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein in the first configuration of the lock, the shaft is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the shaft relative to the handle, and in the second configuration of the lock, the shaft is fixed relative to the handle.

[0004] In one example, the lock may further include a collar and a plurality of deflectors, the plurality of deflectors surrounding a proximal portion of the shaft, the collar surrounding the plurality of deflectors and the proximal portion of the shaft, rotation of the collar in one direction placing the lock in a first configuration and rotation of the collar in the opposite direction placing the lock in a second configuration, wherein in the first configuration the collar is spaced from the plurality of deflectors to allow radial movement of the plurality of deflectors between the collar and the shaft, and in the second configuration the collar presses the plurality of deflectors against the shaft such that the shaft is held fixed relative to the handle.

[0005] In another example, the lock includes a lever external to the handle, a spring coupling the distal end of the lever to the handle, a tab connected to the proximal end of the lever, and a pivot point about which the lever pivots, the tab being partially contained within the handle and positioned to engage one of a plurality of notches disposed around the shaft. The lock can default to a second configuration, and the lock can be placed in a first configuration by depression of the distal end of the lever, thereby compressing the spring and pivoting both the proximal end of the lever and the tab away from the handle, causing the tab to disengage from one of the plurality of notches.

[0006] In another example, the lock can include a pin and a spindle housed within a spindle housing, the spindle being spring-loaded, and both the spindle and the spindle housing being housed within the handle, the pin positioned to engage or disengage with the spindle as the pin is advanced or retracted via pin depression, and the spindle positioned to engage or disengage with one of a plurality of notches disposed around the shaft when the spindle is advanced or retracted radially, respectively, via engagement or disengagement with the pin. The lock can alternate between a first configuration and a second configuration via pin depression. In the first configuration, the spindle can be engaged with one of the plurality of notches, and in the second configuration, the spindle can be disengaged from that one of the plurality of notches.

[0007] In another example, the lock can include a collar surrounding a portion of the shaft, the collar including a first flange, a second flange, and a pin driven through both the first and second flanges, one end of the pin coupled to a lock handle configured to rotate relative to the pin, and the other end of the pin coupled to a stop configured to prevent the pin from sliding out of both the first and second flanges. The lock can be alternated between a first configuration and a second configuration via pivoting the lock handle. In the first configuration, the first and second flanges can be spaced apart by a gap, and in the second configuration, the first and second flanges can contact.

[0008] According to another example, the lock can include at least one spring coupled to a bearing, one end of the spring coupled to an inner wall of the handle and the other end of the spring coupled to a bearing positioned to engage, via spring force, one of a plurality of notches disposed around the shaft, and the shaft can be rotated from the second configuration by applying a torsional force against one of the plurality of notches that is greater than the spring force pressing against the bearing.

[0009] In another example, the medical device may further include a motor, a cam coupled to the motor, and a switch configured to turn the motor on and off, wherein rotation of the cam by the motor causes the cam to engage one of a plurality of notches disposed around the shaft.

[0010] In another example, the medical device may further include a housing configured to rotate with the shaft, the housing enclosing a proximal portion of the shaft and adjacent the handle, the housing including a detent configured to engage the lock. The lock may include a ring encompassing the proximal portion of the shaft. The ring may include a plurality of slots, each configured to receive a portion of the detent, thereby securing the detent in the slot.

[0011] According to another example, a medical device may include a shaft including a distal-facing surface and a proximal-facing surface, a handle including a distal-facing surface and a proximal-facing surface, and a spring positioned between the proximal-facing surface of the shaft and the distal-facing surface of the handle, such that in a compressed configuration of the spring, the shaft is rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to the handle and in an extended configuration of the spring, the shaft is fixed relative to the handle. In the compressed configuration of the spring, the shaft can be pulled distally relative to the handle. The distal-facing surface of the handle can be a flange that projects radially outward relative to the handle, and the distal-facing surface of the handle can abut against the proximal-facing surface of the shaft in the extended configuration of the spring.

[0012] According to another example, a method of positioning a shaft of a medical device may include inserting a distal end of the shaft of the medical device into a body of a subject, unlocking a handle from the shaft after the inserting step, rotating the shaft about its longitudinal axis relative to the handle, and locking the handle relative to the shaft. The method may further include rotating the handle about its longitudinal axis relative to the shaft.

[0013] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate various exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosed embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1A] 1 is a perspective view of a medical device according to one embodiment. [Figure 1B] 1B is a perspective view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] 1B is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 1A. [Figure 1D] 1B is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 1A. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 3A] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 3B] 3B is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 3A. [Figure 3C] 3B is a perspective view of an exemplary lock of the medical device of FIG. 3A. [Figure 3D] 3B is a perspective view of an exemplary lock of the medical device of FIG. 3A. [Figure 3E] 3B is a perspective view of an exemplary lock of the medical device of FIG. 3A. [Figure 3F] 3B is a perspective view of an exemplary lock of the medical device of FIG. 3A. [Figure 4A] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 4B] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 4C] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 4D] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 4E] FIG. 1 is a side view of a portion of a medical device including an example of a longitudinal lock, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4F] 1 is a side view of a portion of a medical device including an example of a longitudinal lock, according to one embodiment. [Figure 5A] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 5B] 5B is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 5A. [Figure 5C] 5B is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 5A. [Figure 6A] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 6B] 6B is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 6A. [Figure 6C] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 7A] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 7B] 7B is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 7A. [Figure 8A] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 8B] FIG. 8B is a perspective view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8C] FIG. 8B is a perspective view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8D] FIG. 8B is a perspective view of a portion of the medical device of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8E] 8B is a perspective view of an internal lock of the medical device of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8F] 8B is a top cross-sectional view of the medical device of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8G] FIG. 8B is another perspective view of the interior of the medical device of FIG. 8A. [Figure 9A] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 9B] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. [Figure 9C] 9A-9B are cross-sectional views of the medical device of FIG. 9A. [Figure 9D] FIG. 9C is a perspective view of a resistive feature of the medical device of FIGS. 9A-9C. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a medical device according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Reference will now be made in detail to aspects of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same or like reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. The term "distal" refers to the portion of the device that is furthest from a user when introducing the device into a subject (e.g., a patient). In contrast, the term "proximal" refers to the portion of the device that is closest to a user when placing the device into a subject.

[0016] Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not limiting of the features as claimed. As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "having," "including," or other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a list of elements does not include only those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In this disclosure, relative terms such as "about," "substantially," "generally," and "approximately" are used to indicate a possible variation of ±10% in a stated value or characteristic.

[0017] The present disclosure may address one or more of the limitations in the technical field. However, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims, not by its ability to solve a particular problem. The present disclosure is directed to a medical device, such as a duodenoscope, that includes a shaft that may be rotatable. In embodiments, the shaft of such a medical device rotates relative to the handle of the medical device. Such rotation may depend on various configurations of a lock included in the medical device. For example, such a lock may include a configuration in which the shaft may be freely rotatable relative to other parts of the medical device (including the handle) and another configuration in which the shaft remains fixed and not rotatable relative to those other parts. Such a medical device may provide a user with the option to rotate the shaft during a procedure in any suitable manner, such as manually, mechanically, electrically, etc., or to maintain the shaft fixed at its current rotational position relative to the rest of the device. Thus, a user of the device can comfortably access and view an intended target site via rotation of the shaft, regardless of the patient's position relative to the user, without having to twist and contort their wrist or other parts of their body.

[0018] FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary medical device 1a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The medical device 1a may be a duodenoscope as shown, or any other similar medical device, such as an endoscope, colonoscope, ureteroscope, bronchoscope, or other medical device having a shaft and a handle. The medical device 1a may include a handle 11 and a shaft 12 coupled to a distal end of the handle 11. The handle 11 of the medical device 1a may have one or more lumens (not shown) that communicate with the lumen of the shaft 12. The handle 11 further includes an actuation mechanism 114 and at least one port 116 that opens into the one or more lumens of the handle 11. The at least one port 116 is sized and shaped to receive one or more instruments (not shown), such as any suitable medical instruments of a medical system, therethrough. For example, the medical instruments may include, but are not limited to, guidewires, dissecting or grasping forceps, biopsy devices, snare loops, syringe needles, cutting blades, scissors, collapsible baskets, removal devices, ablation and / or electrophysiology catheters, stent placement devices, surgical stapling devices, balloon catheters, laser emitting devices, and / or any other suitable instruments.

[0019] Handle 11 further includes lock 15a, which may be rotatable relative to the remainder of handle 11 and shaft 12, such that rotation of lock 15a may allow rotation of shaft 12 relative to handle 11 and vice versa. Rotatable lock 15a and its relationship with respect to handle 11 are described in further detail below.

[0020] The shaft 12 of the medical device 11 may comprise a sufficiently flexible tube such that the shaft 12 is configured to selectively bend, rotate, and / or twist when inserted into and / or through a patient's tortuous tissue to a target treatment site. The treatment site may include a body lumen, including, for example, any gastrointestinal lumen (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine). The shaft 12 may have one or more lumens (not shown) extending therethrough, including, for example, a working lumen for receiving an instrument. In other embodiments, the shaft 12 may include additional lumens, such as a control wire lumen for receiving one or more control wires, a fluid lumen for supplying fluid, an illumination lumen for receiving at least a portion of an illumination assembly (not shown), and / or an imaging lumen for receiving at least a portion of an imaging assembly (not shown), etc.

[0021] 1A , the actuation mechanism 114 of the medical device 1a is positioned on the handle 11 and may include one or more knobs, buttons, levers, switches, and / or other suitable actuators. The actuation mechanism 114 is configured to control at least one of deflection of the shaft 12 (including deflection of an articulation joint at the distal end of the shaft 12 via actuation of one or more first control wires), actuation of a second control wire (e.g., for an elevator at the distal tip), delivery or removal of fluid or other material, illumination, and / or various imaging functions. The distal tip 124 of the device 1a may include devices for illumination (e.g., LEDs) and imaging (e.g., a camera), an elevator for guiding instruments out of the distal tip, and openings for irrigation and aspiration. The connector / cord 118 connects to a controller, which may include a processor and memory for controlling various functions at the distal tip. Medical devices 1a according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include more or less structure and functionality than those described above.

[0022] 1B-1D illustrate one embodiment of a portion of medical device 1a in further detail. As shown, handle 11 houses a proximal portion of shaft 12. Handle 11 includes lock 15a having a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration of lock 15a, shaft 12 is rotatable relative to handle 11 about a longitudinal axis of shaft 12. In the second configuration of lock 15a, shaft 12 is fixed relative to handle 11.

[0023] The shaft 12, particularly its proximal portion, includes a proximal flange 14 and a distal flange 13. As shown in FIGS. 1B-1D, the proximal flange 14 is circular (see FIGS. 1C-1D, which show top views) and is located at the most proximal end of the shaft 12. Alternatively, the shaft 12 may extend further proximally beyond the proximal flange 14. The distal flange 13 is spaced distally from the proximal flange 13 by an appropriate distance. In some embodiments, the distal flange 13 also has a circular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the distal flange 13 and the proximal flange 14 have the same diameter. Between the distal flange 13 and the proximal flange 14 is a portion of the shaft 12 that has a smaller diameter than the distal flange 13 and the proximal flange 14. The portion of the shaft 12 distal to the distal flange 13 may have a smaller diameter than the distal flange 13 and the same diameter as the portion of the shaft 12 between the distal flange 13 and the proximal flange 14. In other embodiments, the distal flange 13 and the proximal flange 14 may have other suitable shapes and diameters.

[0024] The handle 11 has a proximal portion 11a and a distal portion 11b. The proximal portion 11a and the distal portion 11b may be individual components separated longitudinally by a space (occupied by the lock 15a). The distal portion 11b houses the proximal portion of the shaft 12. In particular, the distal portion 11b includes an inner wall 11b1 that defines a lumen that encompasses the proximal portion of the shaft 12, thereby permitting minimal radial and longitudinal movement of the proximal shaft 12. The lumen defined by the inner wall 11b1 encompasses a portion of the shaft 12 having a smaller diameter and a groove 11b2 defined by the inner wall 11b1 that encompasses the distal flange 13. As a result of the inner wall 11b1 and the groove 11b2 encompassing the shaft 12, the shaft 12 is constrained from leaving the distal portion 11b through the opening through which the remaining portion of the shaft 12 exits the handle 11. However, shaft 12 may be rotatable within distal portion 11b because inner wall 11b1 and groove 11b2 leave sufficient clearance from shaft 12 to allow minimal radial movement and rotation of said shaft 12. Note also that handle 11 may be rotatable relative to shaft 12 via the same mechanisms described herein.

[0025] The proximal portion 11a and the distal portion 11b are connected together in the space therebetween by an internal deflector 15a1. The deflector 15a1 extends longitudinally from the proximal portion 11a to the distal portion 11b. As shown in FIGS. 1C-1D, each deflector 15a1 may have a triangular cross-sectional shape. FIGS. 1C-1D show four deflectors evenly spaced around the circumference of the proximal flange 14. However, the number of deflectors 15a1 is not particularly limited, and there may be more or fewer deflectors 15a1 in other medical device embodiments. Furthermore, the shape and spacing / distribution of the deflectors 15a1 are not particularly limited, and the deflectors 15a1 may be of any suitable shape and / or distribution. The deflectors 15a1 are rigid in the longitudinal direction and flexible radially outward and radially inward. Each deflector 15a1 is connected to the proximal portion 11a at proximal connection points 11c1 and 11c2 and to the distal portion 11b at distal connection points 11c3 and 11c4.

[0026] As previously described, the handle 11 includes a lock 15a. The lock 15a includes a collar 15a2 and the previously described deflector 15a1. The collar 15a2 resides in the space between the proximal portion 11a and the distal portion 11b of the handle 11. The collar 15a2 is annular in shape with an opening therein. Furthermore, the collar 15a2 has a circular outer shape, but is not limited to this. The bottom end of the proximal portion 11a may be the same diameter as the adjacent surface, i.e., the top surface, of the collar 15a2, and similarly, the top end of the distal portion 11b may be the same diameter as the adjacent surface, i.e., the bottom surface, of the collar 15a2. Thus, the distal portion 11b, the collar 15a2, and the proximal portion 11a may be sized such that their radial outer surfaces are flush with one another. The collar 15a2 rotates about the longitudinal axis of the handle 11 relative to the proximal portion 11a and the distal portion 11b. Collar 15a2 may be made of any suitable rigid material.

[0027] The collar 15a2 includes protrusions 15a3 that protrude radially inward from the inner circumferential surface of the collar 15a2 toward the longitudinal axis of the handle 11. As shown in FIGS. 1C-1D, each protrusion 15a3 may have a triangular cross-sectional shape. FIGS. 1C-1D show four protrusions evenly spaced around the inner circumferential surface of the collar 15a2. However, the collar 15a2 may include more or fewer protrusions 15a3, so the number of protrusions 15a3 is not particularly limited. Furthermore, the protrusions 15a3 may be randomly spaced as desired. Regarding the shape of the protrusions 15a3, the protrusions 15a3 may be any shape configured to engage with the deflector 15a1. For example, FIGS. 1C-1D show protrusions 15a3 having a surface that is complementary to the surface of the deflector 15a1, regardless of the rotational direction of the collar 15a2.

[0028] The number of protrusions 15a3 may correspond to the number of deflectors 15a1, and such number may determine the rotation angle by which the collar 15a2 can be rotated. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1C-1D, there are four protrusions 15a3 and four inner deflectors 15a1. Because both the protrusions 15a3 and the inner deflectors 15a1 are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the proximal flange 14, the collar 15a2 may be rotatable 90° clockwise or counterclockwise to loosen or tighten the lock 15a. In other embodiments, the lock 15a may include six protrusions 15a3 and six inner deflectors 15a1 uniformly distributed around the proximal flange 14. In such embodiments, the collar 15a2 may be rotatable 60° clockwise or counterclockwise to loosen or tighten the lock 15a. Therefore, there may be any suitable number of protrusions 15a3 and inner deflectors 15a2, and the present disclosure is not limited to the foregoing examples.

[0029] FIG. 1C shows a top cross-sectional view of the proximal flange 14 and lock 15a in a relaxed state / configuration. In this relaxed configuration, the collar 15a2 is in a relaxed position relative to the deflector 15a1 and the proximal flange 14. Specifically, the collar 15a2 and its protrusion 15a3 are spaced or disengaged from the inner deflector 15a1, thereby allowing the inner deflector 15a1 to retain its natural, unbiased state within the handle 11. In this configuration, no force is applied to the deflector 15a1 by the protrusion 15a3, and the shaft 12 is rotatable relative to the handle 11 about its longitudinal axis in this relaxed configuration. The handle 11 may also be rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to the shaft 12 and collar 15a2.

[0030] Protrusion 15a3 is positioned relative to deflector 15a1 such that counterclockwise rotation of collar 15a2 causes engagement between a complementary surface of protrusion 15a3 and deflector 15a1. Such engagement causes deflector 15a1 to bend radially inward toward proximal flange 14 due to a radially inward force component applied by protrusion 15a3 onto deflector 15a1.

[0031] In contrast, FIG. 1D shows a top cross-sectional view of the proximal flange 14 and lock 15a in a tightened state / configuration. In this configuration, the collar 15a2 is rotated counterclockwise, causing the protrusion 15a3 to engage and apply a force to the deflector 15a1. The force causes the deflector 15a1 to be pushed / bent radially inward toward the longitudinal axis of the handle and shaft, which in turn presses the deflector 15a1 against the proximal shaft flange 14. Such engagement between the deflector 15a1 and the proximal shaft flange 14 may provide sufficient friction to secure the shaft 12 relative to the handle 11. The friction may withstand typical procedural movements and adjustments of the shaft 12 and prevent its rotation. In some embodiments, protrusion 15a3, deflector 15a1, and / or proximal flange 14 may provide friction, e.g., may be any suitable friction material or may comprise a material with a roughened surface to enhance friction, such that the frictional force resulting from their respective engagement helps maintain engagement until lock 15 is loosened. In other embodiments, any of the additional locks described in more detail below may be applied to medical device 1a to further inhibit further rotation of shaft 12. To return lock 15a from the tightened configuration to the described loosened configuration, collar 15a2 may be rotated in the opposite direction, e.g., clockwise. Thus, lock 15a of medical device 1a may include a loosened configuration and a tightened configuration.

[0032] An example of how the medical device 1a may be used is discussed further below with reference to FIGS. 1A-1C. The distal end of the shaft 12 of the medical device 1a may be delivered into the body of a subject adjacent to an intended target site. Imaging associated with the medical device 1a via any suitable imaging device may assist in positioning the distal end of the shaft 12. Depending on the location of the subject and / or intended target site relative to the medical device 1a and / or the user of the medical device 1a, the user may choose to rotate the shaft 12 relative to the handle 11. When the lock 15a is in the tightened configuration described above, the user may loosen the collar 15a2 by rotating the collar 15a2 in a clockwise direction. Such rotation disengages or separates the protrusion 15a3 of the collar 15a2 from the inner deflector 15a1, placing the lock 15a in the loosened configuration. With lock 15a in the loosened configuration, the user may rotate shaft 12 about its longitudinal axis relative to handle 11, thereby better positioning shaft 12 relative to the intended target site and / or allowing the user to be in an ergonomic position. Alternatively, the user may rotate handle 11 relative to shaft 12 to allow the user to handle handle 11 in a more ergonomic position or for various other reasons. The user may rotate shaft 12 or handle 11 relative to the other any selected or predetermined number of degrees. The user may then place lock 15 in the tightened configuration by rotating collar 15a2 counterclockwise. Such rotation engages and compresses protrusion 15a3 against deflector 15a1, causing deflector 15a1 to bend radially inward toward proximal flange 14. The user may continue to tighten the collar 15a2 through its rotation until the collar 15a2 is no longer able to rotate and the deflector 15a1 is pressed against the proximal flange 14. The manner in which the collar 15a2 is rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction is not particularly limited.As mentioned above, in some other embodiments, the user may activate another suitable lock to ensure that the shaft 12 is fixed relative to the handle 11 .

[0033] Medical device 1b, as shown in FIG. 2, is similar in many respects to device 1a. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. Differences between device 1a and device 1b will be explained below. In device 1b, proximal flange 14' includes multiple notches 24 arranged circumferentially about the outer surface of proximal shaft flange 14'. The notches 24 may be recesses distributed on the outer circumferential surface of proximal shaft flange 14'. The notches 24 may be of an appropriate depth to sufficiently capture or engage with lock 15b as described. It should be noted that the number of notches 24 is not particularly limited, but corresponds to the number of rotational positions / degrees at which shaft 12 can be locked in place.

[0034] Lock 15b includes lever 15b1, spring 15b2, tab 15b3, and pivot 15b4. Lever 15b1 is not particularly limited in shape or structure, as long as it is suitable for depression by a user. Lever 15b1 is positioned outside handle 11. Spring 15b2 couples the distal end of lever 15b1 to the outer surface of handle 11. Spring 15b2 may have sufficient spring force to withstand typical treatment of medical device 1b, but may also allow compression via force applied by a user to lever 15b1. Tab 15b3 is connected to a proximal portion of lever 15b1 facing handle 11 and may extend partially into or out of handle 11 through any suitable opening in handle 11. Tab 15b3 may engage or disengage with one of notches 24 as it enters or exits handle 11. It should be noted that tab 15b3 may be of any suitable shape or size that can engage or capture one of notches 24. Pivot 15b4 couples a portion of lever 15b1 below tab 15b3 to the outer surface of handle 11. Pivot 15b4 thus allows lever 15b1, along with tab 15b3, to pivot about pivot 15b4 via compression or extension of spring 15b2.

[0035] In the default position of lock 15b, spring 15b2 is fully extended, thereby pushing the distal end of lever 15b1 outward via pivot 15b4. In this pivoted position, tab 15b3 engages one of notches 24. Engagement may include inwardly protruding tab 15b3 being captured in a recess in one of notches 24. Due to such engagement, shaft 12 remains fixed relative to handle 11 and is restrained from rotating in this locked configuration.

[0036] As indicated by the directional arrow shown in FIG. 2 , depressing the distal end of lever 15b1 with sufficient force compresses spring 15b2, causing both the proximal end of lever 15b1 and tab 15b3 to pivot away from handle 11. The force to depress the distal end of lever 15b1 can be applied by any suitable means, such as by hand, mechanically, or electrically. This disengages tab 15b3 from one of notches 24. During disengagement, shaft 12 can be rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to handle 11 until lever 15b1 is released and lock 15b returns to its default, locked configuration. Handle 11 can also be rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to shaft 12 during disengagement. The locked configuration requires tab 15b3 to engage one of the notches 24, so that shaft 12 can only be rotated and lockable at multiple rotational angles / positions where notch 24 and tab 15b3 align.

[0037] Medical device 1b may be used in a similar manner to medical device 1a, except that, as opposed to tightening or loosening a collar, a user may depress or release the distal end of lever 15b1 to unlock or lock rotation of shaft 12 relative to handle 11. Additionally, a user may rotate shaft 12 to lock shaft 12 at a selected or predetermined angle of rotation where one of notches 24 and tab 15b3 align.

[0038] Medical device 1c, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, is similar in many respects to device 1b. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. Differences between device 1b and device 1c will be explained below. Lock 15c is a locking mechanism that can be pushed inward and clicked to switch between a locked and unlocked configuration. Lock 15c includes button 15c1 coupled to pin 15c2, spindle 15c3, spindle housing 15c4, and spring 15c5. Button 15c1 is positioned on the exterior of handle 11. Button 15c1 can be of any suitable size or shape such that a user can push or click button 15c1 toward handle 11. Pin 15c2 is coupled at one end to the surface of button 15c1 facing handle 11. The pin 15c2 is configured to partially enter and exit the handle 11 through an appropriate opening in the handle 11 as the button 15c1 is pressed. Thus, the button 15c1 and the pin 15c2 are configured such that the pin 15c2 advances radially inward within the handle 11 as the button 15c1 is pressed toward the handle 11. At the other end, the pin 15c2 includes a guide portion 15c12 extending along the length of the pin 15c2 (substantially parallel to the axis of the pin 15c2) and a contact portion 15c22 adjacent the guide portion 15c12. The guide portion 15c12 is a slot extending longitudinally from the end of the pin 15c2 to approximately the midpoint of the pin 15c2, but in other examples, it is not limited thereto. The guide portion 15c12 is open at its end away from the button 15c1 and may be appropriately sized to receive a portion of the spindle housing 15c4, as described in more detail below. The end face of the contact portion 15c22 is angled with respect to (transverse to) an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pin 15c2 so as to form an angled edge. The contact portion 15c22 may be of a length, width, and shape suitable for engaging a portion of the spindle 15c3, as described in further detail below.The pin 15c2 is not limited to the one described and in other embodiments may be any suitable size or shape for engaging the spindle 15c3 and spindle housing 15c4, and portions thereof.

[0039] Both the spindle 15c3 and the spindle housing 15c4 are supported and housed within the handle 11 and are adjacent to the proximal flange 14'. The spindle 15c3 is cylindrical. The spindle 15c3 includes one end configured to engage one of the notches 24, a flange 15c43 that protrudes radially outward around a middle portion of the spindle 15c3, and another end that includes a rotatable cam 15c13. The flange 15c43 has a diameter larger than the remainder of the spindle 15c3 but smaller than the diameter of the spindle housing 15c4, such that the spindle 15c3 can move linearly forward and backward within the housing 15c4. The rotatable cam 15c13 includes a plurality of teeth 15c23 and a plurality of channels 15c33 circumferentially distributed around the rotatable cam 15c13. Specifically, the distribution is such that each pair of two adjacent teeth 15c23 has a channel 15c33 positioned between them, eg, pair, channel, pair.

[0040] The teeth 15c23 have angled edges, specifically angled so that the edges of the teeth 15c23 are complementary, e.g., substantially parallel, to the edges of the contact portions 15c22 as the two edges contact one another. Furthermore, the space between adjacent teeth can accommodate the contact portions 15c22. The channel 15c33 extends longitudinally from the cam end of the spindle 15c3 to a portion of the spindle 15c3 proximal to the flange 15c43. The channel 15c33 is open-ended and can be appropriately sized to receive a portion of the spindle housing 15c4, as described in more detail below.

[0041] The spindle housing 15c4 is tubular and tapered inward at one end so that the tapered end contains the spring 15c5. However, the housing 15c4 is not limited thereto and may be any tubular shape open at both ends. The housing 15c4 may be of any suitable dimensions to accommodate the spindle 15c3 and pin 15c2 and allow linear advancement or retraction of the spindle 15c3 and pin 15c2 within the housing 15c4. The housing 15c4 includes a support portion 15c14. The support portion 15c14 is a rail that protrudes inward from the inner surface of the housing 15c4 and is configured to travel within the guide portion 15c12 of the pin 15c2 and the channel 15c33 of the spindle 15c3. Thus, the support portion 15c14 may be an extension that fits within both the guide portion 15c12 and the channel 15c33. The support portion 15c14 extends longitudinally from one end of the housing 15c4 toward the other end of the housing 15c4 an appropriate distance. In some embodiments, the length of the support portion 15c14 can be equal to or about the length of the channel 15c33. The end of the support portion 15c14 adjacent to the spindle 15c3 includes an angled edge that is equal to or approximately the same as the angle of the contact portion 15c22. Thus, the angled edge of the support portion 15c14, like the contact portion 15c22, can be complementary to, e.g., substantially parallel to, the angled surfaces of the teeth 15c23 and can be cradled in the spaces between adjacent teeth 15c23.

[0042] The spring 15c5 may wrap around the end of the spindle 15c3 closest to the notch 24. Additionally, the spring 15c5 may be positioned between the end of the housing 15c4 and the flange 15c43, thereby forming a spring-loaded spindle 15c3. As a result, the spindle 15c3 may advance radially inward through compression of the spring 15c5 and retract radially outward through release of the spring 15c5. The spring 15c5 is not particularly limited and may be any suitable spring.

[0043] 3A-3B, the relative positions of the components of lock 15c are further described below. Pin 15c2 is positioned relative to spindle 15c3 and housing 15c4 so that pin 15c2 can engage spindle 15c3 as pin 15c2 advances radially inward within housing 15c4. Guide portion 15c12 of pin 15c2 advances or retracts within housing 15c4, traveling along support portion 15c14 of housing 15c4. Engagement between pin 15c2 and spindle 15c3, in turn, advances spindle 15c3 radially inward toward proximal flange 14′. Thus, spindle 15c3 can be positioned so that, when spindle 15c3 advances radially inward, spindle 15c3 can engage one of notches 24. The distance between the spindle 15c3 and the proximal flange 14' can be such that when the spindle 15c3 is fully extended inward, the spindle 15c3 engages the notches 24, but when the spindle 15c3 is retracted back toward the housing 15c4, the spindle 15c3 does not engage the notches 24. Furthermore, the distance between the housing 15c4 and the proximal flange 14' can be such that the housing 15c4 is not captured in one of the notches 24.

[0044] 3C-3F, the unlocked and locked configurations of lock 15c are further described. In the unlocked configuration, both pin 15c2 and spindle 15c3 are fully retracted. In this retracted position, contact portion 15c22 rests in the space between adjacent teeth 15c23, and support portion 15c14 resides within channel 15c33 (see FIG. 3C). As button 15c1 (not shown in FIGS. 3C-3F) is pressed or clicked with any appropriate force, contact portion 15c22 presses against one of teeth 15c23 of cam 15c13, thereby compressing spring 15c5 (not shown) and extending spindle 15c3 radially inward, causing support portion 15c14 to move out of channel 15c33 (see FIG. 3D). Because support 15c14 is no longer secured within channel 15c33 and the spring force of spring 15c5 presses contact portion 15c22 and cam 15c13 toward each other, the angled edge of contact portion 15c22 and support 15c14 ride along one of teeth 15c23, thereby initiating rotation of cam 15c13, so that the adjacent tooth 15c23 bears against both support 15c14 and contact portion 15c22 (see FIG. 3E). As button 15c1 is released, pin 15c2 retracts enough that contact portion 15c22 moves out of the space between adjacent teeth 15c23, thereby further rotating cam 15c3, so that support 15c14 is secured solely between adjacent teeth 15c23 and contact portion 15c22 rests on one of teeth 15c23 (see FIG. 3F). This prevents the rotated spindle 15c3 from returning to its original retracted position. Thus, as shown in FIG. 3F, the spindle 15c3 is extended relative to its original position (shown in FIG. 3C) to such an extent that the spindle 15c3 engages one of the notches 24 in the proximal flange 14' (not shown). Such engagement between the spindle 15c3 and one of the notches 24 prevents the shaft 12 from being rotated and maintains the shaft 12 in a fixed position. Thus, this position of the lock 15c can be described as a locked configuration.

[0045] Pressing or "clicking" button 15c1 again re-engages pin 15c2 with spring-loaded spindle 15c3 and cam 15c13, causing spindle 15c3 to re-extend and simultaneously rotate within housing 15c4. When button 15c1 is released, cam 15c13 rotates so that support 15c14 of housing 15c4 fits within channel 15c33 of cam 15c13, causing spring 15c5 to extend to its default state and spindle 15c3 to return to its original retracted position (shown in FIG. 3C). In this state, spindle 15c3 is retracted to such an extent that spindle 15c3 disengages with one of notches 24, and lock 15c is returned to the unlocked configuration.

[0046] Repeatedly toggling the clickable button 15c1 alternates the lock 15c between the unlocked and locked configurations described above. Note that if the spring-loaded spindle 15c3 does not engage one of the notches 24, additional rotation of the shaft 12 may be required so that the spindle 15c3 engages one of the notches 24 and places the lock 15c in the locked configuration. Thus, medical device 1c may be used in the same manner as medical device 1b, except that, as opposed to depressing and releasing a lever, a user may depress or “click” button 15c1 to unlock or lock the rotation of the shaft 12. Furthermore, a user may rotate the shaft 12 to lock the shaft 12 at a selected or predetermined angle of rotation where one of the notches 24 and the spindle 15c3 are aligned.

[0047] 4A-4B, another embodiment of a medical device 1d1 is described below. Similar to the previously described medical device embodiment, the medical device 1d1 includes a handle 11′ and a shaft 12′. The handle 11′, particularly its distal portion, includes a distally facing surface, e.g., a proximal flange 21a, and a proximally facing surface, e.g., a distal flange 21b. The distal flange 21b is spaced distally from the proximal flange 21a by an appropriate distance. Furthermore, the proximal flange 21a and the distal flange 21b protrude radially outward and both have a circular cross-sectional shape. The distal flange 21b has a smaller diameter than the proximal flange 21a. However, both the distal flange 21b and the proximal flange 21a have a larger diameter than the portion of the handle 11′ between the flanges 21a and 21b and the remaining portions of the handle 11′.

[0048] The shaft 12' also includes a proximal-facing surface, e.g., a handle 15d1, and a distal-facing surface, e.g., a flange 15d2. The shaft / handle 15d1 encompasses at least the proximal portion of the shaft 12'. The shaft / handle 15d1 has a diameter greater than the diameter of the more distal portions of the shaft 12' because the handle 15d1 projects radially outward relative to those more distal portions and tapers distally. The proximal portion of the handle 15d1 has the same diameter as the diameter of the proximal flange 21a of the handle 11'. The proximal end of the shaft / handle 15d1 includes a flange 15d2.

[0049] Shaft flange 15d2 is annular in shape and protrudes radially inward. Annular shaft flange 15d2 includes an opening that receives the distal portion of handle 11'. Specifically, the opening has a diameter sufficient to encompass the portion of handle 11' between proximal flange 21a and distal flange 21b. Shaft flange 15d2 protrudes radially inward a distance such that the proximal end of shaft handle 15d1 can be flush with proximal flange 21a, while still allowing minimal radial movement of handle 11' within shaft handle 15d.

[0050] The spring 15d3 is positioned between the shaft flange 15d2 and the distal handle flange 21b. The spring 15d3 may be any suitable spring, and is not particularly limited. The spring 15d3 may have a spring force sufficiently greater than other forces associated with the manipulation of the medical device 1d during a typical procedure. The spring 15d3 is positioned so that the spring 15d3 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the handle 11'. As a result of such a configuration, when the spring 15d3 is in its default extended position, the shaft flange 15d2 abuts against the proximal handle flange 21a, and the distal handle flange 21b abuts against the shaft 12'. Figure 4A shows the default configuration of the medical device 1d. In this default state, spring 15d3 presses shaft flange 15d2 against proximal handle flange 21a and distal flange 21b against shaft 12', thereby interlocking shaft 12' with handle 11'. Additionally, the abutment surfaces of shaft flange 15d2 with proximal flange 21a and flange 21b with shaft 12' may provide friction, for example, may be a friction material or may comprise a material with a roughened surface to enhance friction, further enhancing the interlocking of shaft 12' with handle 11'. Thus, in its default interlocking configuration, lock 15d prevents shaft 12' from rotating relative to handle 11', maintaining shaft 12' in a fixed position.

[0051] FIG. 4B shows the unlocked configuration of medical device 1d1. Medical device 1d1 is in this configuration when shaft 12' is withdrawn distally relative to handle 11' or when handle 11' is withdrawn proximally relative to shaft 12', by any suitable technique. This results in compression of spring 15d3, thereby disengaging, e.g., separating shaft flange 15d2 from proximal handle flange 21a and flange 21b from shaft 12'. As a result of such disengagement, shaft 12' may be rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to handle 11' while in this unlocked configuration. Handle 11' may also be rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to shaft 12'. Note that the force required to actuate the disengagement must be greater than the force typically generated by manipulation of shaft 12' during a procedure. To return the medical device 1d to its default interlocked state, the shaft 12' can be released from any tension, so that the spring 15d3 can naturally extend and again press the shaft flange 15d2 against the proximal handle flange 21a and the flange 21b against the shaft 12'.

[0052] In additional embodiments, the outer surface of shaft handle 15d1 may be a frictional or roughened material to assist the user in gripping handle 15d1 and pulling or pushing shaft 12'. Medical device 1d1 may be used in the same manner as medical device 1a, except that the user may pull shaft 12' distally to unlock or engage rotation of shaft 12', as opposed to tightening or loosening a collar.

[0053] 4C-4D show an alternative embodiment of medical device 1d2 that is similar in structure and operation to medical device 1d1. The differences between device 1d2 and device 1d1 illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4B are described in further detail below.

[0054] 4C-4D, handle 11'' includes proximal flange 21a and distal flange 21b. Both proximal flange 21a and distal flange 21b project radially inward and are annular in shape. Annular distal flange 21b has an opening configured to receive a proximal portion of shaft 12''. The opening has a diameter sufficient to contain proximal portion 15b1 of shaft 12'' while allowing minimal radial movement of shaft 12'' within the opening. Shaft 12'' includes shaft flange 15d2 at its proximal end. Shaft flange 15d2 projects radially outward and is circular in shape. Thus, shaft flange 15d2 has a larger diameter than the remainder of shaft 12''. The outer diameter of shaft flange 15d2 is larger than the inner diameters of both proximal flange 21a and distal flange 21b, thereby securing shaft flange 15d2 between proximal flange 21a and distal flange 21b of handle 11″. The outer diameter of shaft flange 15d2 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the portion of handle 11″ between flanges 21a and 21b, allowing minimal radial movement of shaft 12″ within handle 11″. Spring 15d3 may be the same as in device 1d1 described above and may be positioned in the same manner as in device 1d1 described above. As a result, spring 15d3 presses shaft flange 15d2 against proximal flange 21a, securing shaft 12″ relative to handle 11″ through their frictional surfaces. Thus, medical device 1d2 may be swapped between a default interlocked configuration and an unlocked configuration in the same manner and mechanism as medical device 1d1.

[0055] In some other embodiments, springs 15d3 may be positioned such that they urge handle 11″ and shaft 12″ away from each other. Thus, a force is applied that urges shaft 12″ proximally toward handle 11″, disengaging shaft 12″ from handle 11″ and allowing rotation of shaft 12″. In other embodiments, lock 15d may further include a locking ring to ensure that shaft flange 15d2 and handle flange do not disengage during a procedure. The locking ring is not limited to, and may be, any mechanism or component, such as a compression fit ring, that prevents shaft 12′ from being pulled away from handle 11′ and vice versa. In other embodiments, lock 15d may include a longitudinal locking mechanism instead of a radial locking ring. In one example, a longitudinal locking mechanism can engage and disengage the handles or shafts being pulled apart or pushed apart to separate the locking interfaces (e.g., 15d1 or 21b and 15d2 or 21a in FIGS. 4A-4B and 15d2 or 21a in FIGS. 4C-4D). The locking interfaces can include a square notch or a square notch with a rounded top to guide the locking interface during engagement.

[0056] 4E and 4F, devices including other examples of longitudinal locking mechanisms are further described below. Device 1d may be similar to devices 1d1 and 1d2 described above. The handle 11 and shaft 12 of device 1d may be interlocked in the same or similar manner as devices 1d1 and 1d2. Thus, shaft 12 may also be pulled distally to unlock itself from the interlocked state and rotate about its longitudinal axis relative to handle 11. To ensure undesired unlocking / disengagement from the interlocked state, device 1d includes longitudinal lock 50, handle ring 71, first shaft ring 61, and second shaft ring 62.

[0057] The lock 50 is a single piece that fits within and / or around the proximal portion of the shaft 12 (although the lock 50 may be multiple connected pieces). The lock 50 includes a base ring 52, a longitudinal body 51, and a head 53. The ring 52 may be the portion of the lock 50 that fits around the shaft 12. The diameter of the space within the ring 52 may be such that the ring 52 can rotate and / or linearly slide relative to the device 1d while fitted around the shaft 12. The diameter of the base ring 52 may be any suitable diameter that allows the longitudinal body 51 to extend toward the handle ring 71 without being obstructed by the proximally facing surface of the handle 11. To avoid such obstruction, in some embodiments, the ring 52 may be fitted around a shaft handle that directly interfaces with the handle 11, such as the proximal portion of the shaft handle 15d1 in FIGS. 4A-4B. The longitudinal body 51 may be fixed relative to the outer edge or circumference of the ring 52. The body 51 extends proximally toward the handle ring 71. The shape of the body 51 may be any suitable shape, e.g., linear, curved radially outward, etc., that allows the body 51 to extend proximally over the outer surface of the handle 11. In some exemplary embodiments, the body 51 may be formed such that its distal end (attached to the ring 52) is closer to the central axis of the shaft than the head 53, which is relatively far from the central axis of the shaft. Thus, the shape of the body 51 may be adjusted to avoid interference with the distal end of the handle when the user rotates it between the locked and unlocked states. Alternatively, the body 51 may be maintained a certain distance from the central axis, and the handle 11 may have a notch to accommodate the body 51 when the body 51 is rotated between the locked and unlocked positions. Body 51 may be of any suitable length sufficient to allow head 53 to reach and engage ring 71. Body 51 may be of any suitable material capable of withstanding the pulling forces on shaft 12 during a typical procedure.Furthermore, the body 51 may be positioned on the ring 52 so as to be received within the gap 72 of the handle ring 71 (described further below). The head 53 may be of any suitable shape or size to pass through the gap 72 of the ring 71. Furthermore, the head 53 may protrude in a direction toward the recess 73 of the ring 71 and may protrude a suitable length to be seated and rest on the recess 73.

[0058] The handle ring 71 may be secured around all or part of the outer surface of the handle 11. The ring 71 may include a gap along its circumference, thereby forming a gap 72. The gap 72 may be of any suitable width that allows the head 53 and body 51 of the ring 52 to pass through. The end of the ring 71 facing the head 53 may further include the recess 73 described above. The recess 73 may be a recess on the aforementioned end of the ring 71 that receives and secures the head 53. The first shaft ring 61 and the second shaft ring 62 may be secured onto the shaft 12. The rings 61 and 62 may be positioned along a proximal portion of the shaft 12. The rings 61 and 62 may be positioned proximally and distally of the ring 52, respectively, thereby defining a space within which the ring 52 can linearly slide. The defined space may be a distance corresponding to the distance required for the head 53 to pass through the gap 72 and reach the recess 73. Ring 61 may also act as a catch / stop for ring 52, thereby restraining shaft 12 from being pulled distally away from handle 11.

[0059] In view of the above, lock 50 can have two states: an unlocked state (as shown in FIG. 4E ) and a locked state (as shown in FIG. 4F ). In the unlocked state, ring 52 is positioned against second shaft ring 62, so that head 53 is distal from gap 72. In this state, shaft 12 can be pulled distally to unlock itself from the interlocked state and rotate about its longitudinal axis relative to handle 11. To transition lock 50 to the locked state, ring 52 can be linearly slid / translated proximally, so that head 53 and a proximal portion of body 51 pass through gap 72. To reach a sufficient distance so that head 53 can engage recess 73, ring 52 can be linearly slid against first shaft ring 61 until ring 52 abuts. Ring 52 can then be rotated as shown by the directional arrow so that head 53 contacts and seats in recess 73, thereby securing lock 50 relative to handle ring 71. As a result, shaft 12 can be restrained from being pulled distally away from handle 11. Lock 50 can thus be transitioned between an unlocked state and a locked state as desired by the user.

[0060] Medical device 1e as shown in Figures 5A-5C is similar in many respects to device 1a. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. Differences between device 1a and device 1e will be explained below. Handle 11 includes lock 15e. Lock 15e includes a collar 15e1 that surrounds a portion of shaft 12 between distal flange 13 and proximal flange 14. Specifically, collar 15e1 is positioned between inner wall 11b1 and proximal flange 14. Collar 15e1 may be any suitable flexible material, such as plastic, rubber, etc.

[0061] The collar 15e1 includes a first flange 15e2 and a second flange 15e3. Both the first flange 15e2 and the second flange 15e3 extend through openings in the sides of the handle 11, thereby protruding radially outward from the handle 11. The first flange 15e2 and the second flange 15e3 may be laterally spaced apart by a gap or may contact each other to close the gap. These two configurations will be discussed in more detail with reference to Figures 5B-5C. Additionally, the first flange 15e2 and the second flange 15e3 each include an opening that aligns with the opening in the other.

[0062] Collar 15e1 further includes a locking pin 15e6 that is driven through first flange 15e2 and second flange 15e3 via their respective openings. Pin 15e6 can be of any suitable width or length that can fit within the opening and remain within the opening when first flange 15e2 and second flange 15e3 are separated. Flanges 15e2 and 15e3 can also slide laterally on pin 15e6 due to lateral forces applied to flanges 15e2 and 15e3. Locking pin 15e6 includes a stop 15e4 coupled to one end of pin 15e6. Specifically, stop 15e4 is coupled to the first end of pin 15e6 closest to first flange 15e2. The stop 15e4 has a diameter larger than the diameter of the pin 15e6 as well as the flange opening in the flange 15e2 through which the pin 15e6 is driven, and therefore the stop 15e4 prevents the pin 15e6 from dropping or sliding out of the first flange 15e2.

[0063] Collar 15e1 also includes a locking handle 15e5. Locking handle 15e5 can be of any type suitable for user actuation. Locking handle 15e5 is coupled to a second end of pin 15e6 adjacent second flange 15e3. Handle 15e5 is configured to be pivotable about pivot pin 15e7, which may be off-center from handle 15e5. Specifically, handle 15e5 is configured to pivot along the plane of collar 15e1 such that handle 15e5 can be pulled toward or away from collar 15e1 (see directional arrows in FIGS. 5B-5C).

[0064] As shown in FIG. 5B, first flange 15e2 and second flange 15e3 are spaced apart along pin 15e6, thereby keeping collar 15e1 open, spaced apart from shaft 12, and loosened. This is the natural, unbiased shape of collar 15e1, as shown in FIG. 5B. This configuration of lock 15e can be described as an unlocked configuration. In this state, collar 15e1 is loosened enough to allow radial movement of shaft 12 within collar 15e1. Thus, in this loosened state, shaft 12 can be rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to handle 11 (not shown in FIG. 5B). Handle 11 can also be rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to shaft 12. Note that handle 15e5 is spaced apart from collar 15e1 in this unlocked configuration. However, pivoting the handle 15e5 by pulling the handle 15e5 towards the collar 15e1, as indicated by the directional arrow, causes the collar 15e1 to tighten onto the shaft 12. This brings the lock 15e into a locked configuration as further described below.

[0065] FIG. 5C shows lock 15e in a locked configuration. In this configuration, collar 15e1 is tightened onto shaft 12, thereby inhibiting any radial or rotational movement of shaft 12. Specifically, first flange 15e2 and second flange 15e3 contact one another, closing any previous gap between the flanges (although flanges 15e2 and 15e3 do not need to contact for collar 15e1 to contact shaft 12). This is the result of handle 15e5 being pivoted into position toward collar 15e1. Pivoting handle 15e5 about pin 15e7 toward collar 15e1 creates a cam action. Specifically, as handle 15e5 pivots about pivot pin 15e7, the outer surface of handle 15e5 presses against the outer surface of flange 15e3 in a cam action, forcing flange 15e3 toward flange 15e2. The gap between flanges 15e2 and 15e3 continues to close, restricting any radial or longitudinal movement of shaft 12, until collar 15e1 contacts and closes around shaft 12. Such tightening onto shaft 12 places lock 15e in a locked configuration. Thus, to alternate between unlocking and locking lock 15e, handle 15e5 is pivoted away from or pulled toward collar 15e1. Medical device 1e can be used in the same manner as medical device 1a, except that a user can pivot lock handle 15e5 as described above to unlock or lock rotation of shaft 12, as opposed to rotating the collar.

[0066] Medical device 1f as shown in Figures 6A-6C is similar in many respects to device 1b. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. Differences between device 1b and device 1f will be explained below. The inner wall of handle 11 includes a plurality of placeholders 15f. The placeholders 15f are circumferentially distributed and evenly spaced along the inner wall of handle 11. The placeholders 15f surround proximal flange 14' and are configured to engage each of notches 24.

[0067] Each placeholder 15f includes a spring 15f1 and a bearing 15f2. The spring 15f1 is coupled to the inner wall of the handle 11 on one end. The bearing 15f2 is coupled to the opposite end of the spring 15f1. The bearing 15f2 may be of any suitable form configured to engage with the notches 24, and each of the notches 24 may be of a specific, predetermined size to receive the bearing 15f2. The spring 15f1 may be any suitable spring having a sufficient length to allow the bearing 15f2 to engage with each of the notches 24. Furthermore, the spring 15f1 may have sufficient spring force so that manipulation of the medical device 1f during a typical procedure does not result in undesired disengagement of the bearing 15f2 from the notches 24.

[0068] Engagement of bearing 15f2 with notch 24 places lock 15f in a locked configuration. However, the aforementioned spring force is also within the ergonomic capabilities of a user and can be overcome by a torsional force applied by the user to shaft 12. Thus, the user can rotate shaft 12, causing bearing 15f2 to disengage from notch 24 until bearing 15f2 re-engages with the adjacent notch 24. Even after re-engagement, shaft 12 can continue to be rotated until bearing 15f2 re-engages with notch 24 at a selected or predetermined rotational position of shaft 12. Thus, medical device 1f can be used in the same manner as medical device 1b, except that a user can directly rotate shaft 12 by applying a torsional force to shaft 12 in any suitable manner.

[0069] Other embodiments may further include an additional grip on shaft 12 to assist the user in applying sufficient twisting force to rotate shaft 12. In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6C, a rotatable dial 26 may be integrated into handle 11. Grip 26 may be fixed relative to shaft 12, for example at proximal flange 13, such that the user can grasp and rotate dial 26 as opposed to grasping and rotating shaft 12.

[0070] In some other medical device embodiments, a lock or locking mechanism may not be present, and such embodiments may rely on frictional forces between the shaft and handle to maintain their relative position. Such frictional forces may be applied by any suitable technique or mechanism, for example, by a friction fit created by radial force or by material adhesive properties.

[0071] The medical device 1h shown in FIGS. 7A-7B is similar in many respects to the previously described embodiments. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. However, rotation of the shaft 12 of the medical device 1h is motor-driven, and the driver for rotating the shaft 12 may also serve as a lock. The driver 15h includes a switch 15h1 coupled to a servo motor 15h2. A portion of the switch 15h1 is external to the handle 11 and is actuatable by a user, while another portion of the switch 15h1 extends into the handle 11 through an opening in the handle 11. The servo motor 15h2 is housed within the handle 11. The servo motor 15h2 is coupled to a cam 15h3 configured to rotate and engage a notch 24 in the proximal flange 14′. The servo motor 15h2 may be turned on or off by actuation of the switch 15h1, which may be of any suitable form.

[0072] Rotation of cam 15h3 by driving servo motor 15h2 while cam 15h3 remains engaged in notch 24 rotates proximal flange 14′, thereby rotating shaft 12 about its longitudinal axis relative to handle 11. In contrast, a fixed cam 15h3 when servo motor 15h2 is not driving can lock shaft 12 in place as cam 15h3 remains engaged in notch 24, thereby preventing further rotation of shaft 12. Thus, medical device 1h can be used in the same manner as the previously described medical device embodiments, except that a user can switch driver 15h on and off via switch 15h1 to rotate shaft 12 or keep it fixed.

[0073] Medical device 1i as shown in Figures 8A-8G is similar in many respects to previously described device 1f. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. Differences between device 1i and device 1f will be explained below. Medical device 1i includes a handle 11 coupled to a shaft 12a and a shaft housing 12b. Specifically, housing 12b houses a distal portion of handle 11. Shaft 12a and housing 12b may be rotatable relative to handle 11 about the longitudinal axis of shaft 12a, as shown in Figures 8A and 8C.

[0074] The handle 11 and housing 12b include an arrow indicating the starting point of rotation of the shaft 12 relative to the handle 11 (see the aligned arrow in FIG. 8A). The handle 11 and housing 12b may include any other suitable markings on their outer surfaces in other embodiments. Referring to FIGS. 8B, 8D, 8E, and 8G, the inner surface of the distal end of the handle 11 further includes a lock 15i. The lock 15i includes a ring 15i1 and a post 15i3. The ring 15i1 is annular in shape and includes a plurality of evenly spaced slots 15i4 around the circumference of the ring 15i1. Specifically, the slots 15i4 are spaced at 45° intervals. The slots 15i4 are rectangular in shape and extend distally from the proximal end of the ring 15i1 to approximately the midpoint between the proximal and distal ends of the ring 15i1. The slot 15i4 is wide enough to fit over / secure the ball 15i5 of the shaft housing 12b, as will be described in further detail below. However, it should be noted that the ring 15i1 is not limited as described and may include more or fewer slots, different spacing, and different slot shapes. For example, as shown in Figures 8E and 8G, the slots 15i4 may not be distributed around the entire circumference of the ring 15i1. The post 15i3 is a cylindrical protrusion coupled to the distal portion of the ring 15i1. However, the post 15i3 is not limited to being cylindrical and may be any suitable shape and / or size that can fit within a channel in the housing 12b, as will be described further below.

[0075] 8B and 8D, the proximal portion of shaft 12a is housed in and fixed to housing 12b. Shaft 12a may be fixed to housing 12b by any suitable means, such as, but not limited to, adhesive bonding or overmolding. Thus, shaft 12a and housing 12b rotate together relative to handle 11. Shaft 12a exits housing 12b through an opening at the distal end of housing 12b. The distal end of housing 12b is also connected to casing or strain relief 12c, which also covers the proximal portion of shaft 12a, allowing shaft 12a to exit from casing or strain relief 12c.

[0076] 8A and 8C, housing 12b includes an arrow marking on its exterior surface near its proximal end, which can be used as a reference to indicate the rotational position of housing 12b and shaft 12a relative to handle 11 and its respective marking.

[0077] The inner proximal end of housing 12b further includes channel 15i2 and detent 15i6. Channel 15i2 is an annular / ring-shaped channel within the proximal portion of housing 12b. Channel 15i2 does not have an inner surface but circumferentially encompasses the outer surface of the distal end of ring 15i1 such that channel 15i2 accommodates post 15i3. Thus, post 15i3 can advance within channel 15i2 as post 15i3 rotates with ring 15i1 via rotation of handle 11, or channel 15i2 can rotate on post 15i3 via rotation of shaft-housing 12b.

[0078] In some embodiments, the channel 15i2 further includes a gap or cutoff within its annular shape so that a complete ring is not formed (see FIGS. 8E and 8G). This gap may be described as a molded stop 15i7 because it prevents the post 15i3 from advancing beyond either end of the gap. For example, the stop 15i7 may limit rotation of the detent 15i6 relative to the handle 11, and vice versa, to a maximum of 175° in each direction to prevent damage to internal structures. Because the detent 15i6 is restrained from rotation beyond a selected or predetermined angle, the additional slot 15i4 on the ring 15i1, as shown in FIGS. 8E and 8G, may be unnecessary and therefore may not be present in some portions of the ring 15i1. This gap, or molded stop 15i7, may in some cases be filled or occupied by other wires, components, etc.

[0079] As shown in FIGS. 8B and 8D, the detent 15i6 is fixed relative to the inner surface of the proximal portion of the housing 12b, so that as the housing 12b rotates, the detent 15i6 also rotates. The detent 15i6 is a cylindrical housing that extends radially from the inner surface toward or near the ring 15i1 of the handle 11. The detent 15i6 receives the ball 15i5 (as shown in FIG. 8E) so that the ball 15i5 partially protrudes from the end of the housing 15i6 adjacent to the ring 15i1. Thus, the ball 15i5, which may be spring-loaded within the detent 15i6, can engage with the slot 15i4 of the ring 15i5. The detent 15i6 is positioned adjacent to the proximal side of the channel 15i2.

[0080] The ball 15i5 is partially received in the end of the detent 15i6 adjacent to the ring 15i1, such that the ball 15i5 may partially protrude beyond that end. The ball 15i5 may be of any suitable size or shape that can engage with or be secured within the slot 15i4. Additionally, the ball 15i5 may be spring-loaded such that when the detent 15i6 is positioned on the outer surface of the ring 15i5 via rotation of the handle 11 or shaft housing 12b, the ball 15i5 retracts via compression of a spring (not shown). When the detent 15i6 is positioned over one of the slots 15i4, the ball 15i5 may protrude beyond the end of the detent 15i6 via expansion of the spring, such that the ball 15i5 may be secured within the slot 15i4. This securing of the detent ball 15i5 may be described as a locked configuration of the device 1i. In the locked configuration, further rotation of shaft 12a and housing 12b is prevented until a sufficient rotational force is applied to shaft-handle 12b relative to handle 11. Thus, medical device 1i can be used in the same manner as previously described medical device embodiment 1f, except that rotation of shaft 12a and handle 12b can be limited to a selected or predetermined angle of rotation due to stop 15i7.

[0081] The medical device 1j as shown in FIGS. 9A-9C is similar in many respects to the previously described embodiments. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. As discussed in the previous embodiments, the handle 11 may be rotatably coupled to the shaft 12 such that the handle 11 can rotate relative to the shaft 12 about the longitudinal axis of the device 1j, and vice versa. The manner in which the handle 11 and shaft 12 are rotatably coupled is not particularly limited. For example, in some embodiments, the proximal portion 121 of the shaft 12 may include a channel or recess 36 (shown in FIG. 9B) extending around the circumference of the shaft 12. The channel 36 may receive a protrusion (not shown) extending radially inward within the distal portion of the handle 11, and the protrusion may advance within the channel 36 as the handle 11 or the shaft 12 is rotated relative to the other.

[0082] In addition to the handle 11 and the shaft 12, the medical device 1j further includes a rotation feature 20, which includes a resistance component 80, a locking component 30, and a gripping portion 40. The device 1j includes two resistance components 80, a first spring 81, and a second spring 82 (see, for example, FIG. 9D ). However, it should be noted that the number of resistance components is not particularly limited and may be, for example, one, three, four, etc. Both the springs 81 and 82 may be coil springs defining a central opening 520. Furthermore, each of the two ends of the springs 81 and 82 includes a post 510 extending radially outward from the springs 81 and 82. The size and number of loops of the springs 81 and 82 are not particularly limited and may be based on the amount of torque to be transmitted through the springs 81 and 82. 9A and 9B , springs 81 and 82 can be frictionally fitted around distal portion 110 of handle 11 via central opening 520. Thus, based on such a configuration, force applied against inner surfaces 512 of posts 510 (surfaces closest to adjacent posts 510) pushes posts 510 away from each other, reducing the size of central opening 520 and causing springs 81 and 82 to wrap more tightly around distal portion 110, thereby increasing the amount of torque that can be driven through such a connection. In contrast, force applied against outer surfaces 514 of posts 510 (surfaces farthest from adjacent posts 510) pushes posts 510 toward each other, increasing the size of central opening 520 and causing springs 81 and 82 to unwind, thereby allowing springs 81 and 82 to relax and slip over distal portion 110. It should be noted that the orientation of posts 510 of spring 81 relative to posts 510 of spring 82 is not particularly limited and may depend on the positioning of tabs 32, 34, as discussed further below.

[0083] The locking component 30 may be an annular piece including a central opening, a first tab 32, a second tab 34, and a channel 36. The central opening may be of sufficient diameter or width to receive the shaft 12 such that the surfaces defining the central opening may be flush with the outer surface of the shaft 12. The first and second tabs 32, 34 may be features extending proximally from an edge of the component 30. The first and second tabs 32, 34 are configured to engage the springs 81 and 82. Thus, the tabs 32, 34 may be wide enough to be keyed into the gap between the posts 510 of the springs 81 and 82, as shown in FIG. 9C . Additionally, the tabs 32, 34 may be wide enough to minimize clearance between the inner surface 512 of the post 510 and the tabs 32, 34. 9B-9C, tabs 32, 34 can be, but are not limited to, on opposite sides of locking component 30 (approximately 180° apart). Additionally, it should be noted that locking component 30 can be immovably secured about proximal portion 121 of shaft 12 via its central opening. The manner in which locking component 30 is immovably secured relative to shaft 12 is not particularly limited (e.g., glue, adhesive, welding, etc.).

[0084] The gripping portion 40 is a graspable feature that covers the proximal portion of the shaft 12, the locking component 30, and the springs 81, 82. The gripping portion 40 includes a proximal opening 42, a distal opening (not shown), and a lumen defined therebetween. The proximal opening 42 is configured to receive the locking component 30 and the springs 81, 82. The proximal opening 42 is shaped like the locking component 30 and the springs 81, 82 so that the locking component 30 and the springs 81, 82 can be keyed within the gripping portion 40. Thus, the opening 42 and a portion of the lumen of the gripping portion 40 can surround the locking component 30 and the springs 81, 82, as shown in FIGS. 9B-9C. The gripping portion 40 can surround the locking component 30 and the springs 81, 82 while minimizing clearance between the inner surface of the gripping portion 40 and the outer surface 514 of the post 510, as shown in FIG. 9C. It should be noted, however, that gripping portion 40 may be rotatable relative to shaft 12 such that the inner surface of gripping portion 40 may interface with outer surface 514 of post 510. Grip 40 further includes a distal opening (not shown) through which shaft 12 extends distally. The distal opening may be of any suitable diameter that allows for a friction fit around shaft 12 such that gripping portion 40 may maintain its position along the length of shaft 12.

[0085] In view of the above-described configuration, the shaft 12 may be locked in a rotational position by default if the user does not apply any rotational force to the handle 11, shaft 12, or grip portion 40 relative to one another. Any rotation of the shaft 12 relative to the handle 11, whether clockwise or counterclockwise, causes the tabs 32, 34 of the locking component 30 to apply a force against the inner surface 512 of the post 510. Such force, through the natural motion of applying torque to the shaft 12 through the handle 11, causes the springs 81, 82 to wrap tighter around the distal portion 110 of the handle 11. This effectively locks the rotation of either the handle 11 or the shaft 12 relative to the other. To adjust the rotational position of the handle 11 relative to the shaft 12, and vice versa, the grip portion 40 may be adjusted or held in place so that the inner surface of the grip portion 40 may apply a force against the outer surfaces 514 of the springs 81 and 82. Such force causes springs 81, 82 to unwind about distal portion 110 of handle 11, thereby allowing rotation of handle 11 relative to shaft 12 (and vice versa). After reaching the desired rotational position, gripping portion 40 can be released, causing springs 81, 82 to return to their natural bias, holding shaft 12 relative to handle 11 in the new position. As a result, locking component 30 can naturally "lock" upon release of gripping portion 40. Thus, medical device 1j can be used in the same manner as the previously described medical device embodiments, except that a user can hold gripping portion 40 while adjusting the rotational position of handle 11 relative to shaft 12 (or vice versa).

[0086] Note that in another exemplary embodiment, a coil spring, e.g., springs 81 and 82, may be frictionally fitted around shaft 12, with post 510 interacting with features on handle 11 and gripping portion 40, which may be similar in shape and function to tabs 32 and 34 on locking component 30. Such an embodiment may function in a similar manner to device 1j, except that shaft 12 may be rotated / manipulated relative to gripping portion 40.

[0087] Resistance component 80 is not limited to coil springs 81, 82 as shown in FIGS. 9A-9C. In other exemplary embodiments, the spring may include posts extending radially inward, or the spring wire may be square or rectangular in cross section. Furthermore, the spring may have any number of full or partial turns such that the amount of friction increases when pressure is applied to post 510 in one direction (e.g., against surface 512) and decreases when pressure is applied to post 510 in the other direction (e.g., against surface 514). Posts 510 at both ends of the spring may occur in fewer or greater than 360° of turns. Furthermore, other similarly functioning resistance components, such as hose clamps, may be utilized in place of springs 81, 82. However, some similarly functioning resistance components may require adjustments to the above-described configuration of rotation feature 20 in order for the device to function in the same manner. For example, depending on how an alternative resistance component tightens or loosens, the resistance component may fit differently relative to the handle, or a differently shaped locking component may be required.

[0088] FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of medical device 1 in which shaft 12″ includes incremental markings to assist a user in determining the rotational position of shaft 12″ relative to handle 11. In other embodiments, handle 11 may additionally or alternatively include markings to assist a user in measuring the rotational position of shaft 12. The markings in FIG. 10 indicate the number of rotations relative to arrow markings provided on the distal end of handle 11. However, the markings are not limited to the example provided in FIG. 10. The markings are not particularly limited and may include various combinations of numbers, letters, or words that indicate the rotation of shaft 12″ relative to handle 11 (or vice versa). It should also be noted that such markings may be applied to any of the medical device embodiments described above.

[0089] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed devices without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. A shaft, a handle that houses a proximal portion of the shaft; a lock having a first configuration and a second configuration; Equipped with A medical device wherein in the first configuration of the lock, the shaft is rotatable about its longitudinal axis relative to the handle, and in the second configuration of the lock, the shaft is fixed relative to the handle.

2. the lock includes a collar and a plurality of deflectors; the plurality of deflectors surround a proximal portion of the shaft; the collar surrounds the plurality of deflectors and the proximal portion of the shaft; 10. The medical device of claim 1, wherein rotation of the collar in one direction places the lock in the first configuration and rotation of the collar in the opposite direction places the lock in the second configuration.

3. In the first configuration, the collar is spaced from the plurality of deflectors to allow radial movement of the plurality of deflectors between the collar and the shaft; 3. The medical device of claim 2, wherein in the second configuration, the collar presses the deflectors against the shaft such that the shaft is held fixed relative to the handle.

4. 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the lock includes a lever external to the handle, a spring coupling a distal end of the lever to the handle, a tab connected to a proximal end of the lever, and a pivot point about which the lever pivots, the tab being partially contained within the handle and positioned to engage one of a plurality of notches disposed around the shaft.

5. the lock defaults to the second configuration; 5. The medical device of claim 4, wherein the lock is placed in the first configuration by depressing the distal end of the lever, thereby compressing the spring and pivoting both the proximal end of the lever and the tab away from the handle, such that the tab disengages from one of the plurality of notches.

6. The lock is Pin it, a spindle housed within a spindle housing, said spindle being spring loaded, and both said spindle and said spindle housing being housed within said handle; Including, the pin is positioned to engage or disengage from the spindle as the pin is advanced or retracted via depression of the pin; 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the spindle is positioned to engage with or disengage from one of a plurality of notches disposed around the shaft when the spindle is advanced or retracted radially through engagement or disengagement with the pin, respectively.

7. the lock alternates between the first and second configurations via the depression of the pin; 7. The medical device of claim 6, wherein in the first configuration, the spindle is engaged with one of the plurality of notches, and in the second configuration, the spindle is disengaged from the one of the plurality of notches.

8. The lock is a collar surrounding a portion of the shaft, the collar including a first flange, a second flange, and a pin driven through both the first flange and the second flange; 10. The medical device of claim 1, wherein one end of the pin is coupled to a locking handle configured to rotate relative to the pin and the other end of the pin is coupled to a stop configured to prevent the pin from sliding out of both the first flange and the second flange.

9. the lock is alternated between the first and second configurations via pivoting the lock handle; 9. The medical device of claim 8, wherein in the first configuration, the first flange and the second flange are separated by a gap, and in the second configuration, the first flange and the second flange are in contact.

10. 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the lock includes at least one spring coupled to a bearing, one end of the spring coupled to an inner wall of the handle and the other end of the spring coupled to the bearing, the bearing positioned to engage, via spring force, with one of a plurality of notches arranged around the shaft.

11. The medical device of claim 10 , wherein the shaft is rotated from the second configuration by applying a torsional force against one of the plurality of notches that is greater than the spring force pressing against the bearing.

12. 10. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising a motor, a cam coupled to the motor, and a switch configured to turn the motor on and off, wherein rotation of the cam by the motor causes the cam to engage one of a plurality of notches disposed around the shaft.

13. 10. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising a housing configured to rotate with the shaft, the housing enclosing a proximal portion of the shaft and adjacent the handle, the housing including a detent configured to engage the lock.

14. The medical device of claim 13 , wherein the lock comprises a ring encompassing a proximal portion of the shaft.

15. the lock includes a resistance element and a collar; the resistance element is annular and coupled to a distal portion of the handle, the resistance element having a default state and a relaxed state; the collar is coupled to a proximal portion of the shaft, and the resistance element is configured to engage the collar; The medical device of claim 1 , wherein in the default state, the resistance element maintains the lock in the second configuration, and in the relaxed state, the resistance element places the lock in the first configuration.

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