Energy collection method and device by NANO unidirectional valve penetration

Abstract

To provide a method and a device for collecting energy by nano unidirectional valve penetration.SOLUTION: The present invention includes technical principle and method for energy collection by penetration that is proposed on the basis of principal and penetration effect of a nano unidirectional valve. Two semi-permeable membranes 2-1 are provided, a solution 2-2 is filled, and the same is combined with a concentration control module 2-3, thereby controlling a concentration at a semi-permeable membrane boundary, differing solution concentrations in the vicinity of two semi-permeable membranes, realizing control of osmotic pressure, achieving effect of unidirectional valve action, rectifying disorder and high-speed thermal motion of solvent molecules to regular unidirectional flow automatically, forming potential energy of a liquid level or kinetic energy of liquid flow, and using the same for energy storage or power generation. The kinetic energy by thermal motion of molecules is extracted from environment to generate power, and electric energy is returned to environment after consumption thereof, and is used again for power generation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ambient energy harvesting, and in particular to a method and apparatus for energy harvesting by nano one-way valve permeation. [Background technology]

[0002] Energy is the foundation of human survival and development. As the world's population continues to grow and fossil fuels continue to deplete, humanity's energy crisis is becoming increasingly evident, and countries around the world are working hard to discover new energy sources. Fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and other forms of energy are converted into thermal energy for use, accelerating global warming. Temperature is the perceived degree of thermal energy and is a measure of the average translational kinetic energy of molecules. Various types of liquids exist on Earth, and the thermal motion of molecules contains enormous amounts of energy. Harnessing this energy can produce molecular energy, a new energy source, potentially enabling the recovery and generation of environmental energy.

[0003] Osmosis is the movement of substances through a semipermeable membrane. Semipermeable membranes contain pores, which are generally larger than small molecules but smaller than large molecules and ions. Small molecules can move in and out freely through diffusion, but large molecules and ions cannot. Examples of semipermeable membranes include cell membranes, parchment, and reverse osmosis membranes used for water purification. When two liquids separated by a semipermeable membrane are under the same pressure, a pure solvent passes through the membrane into the solution. Osmosis occurs not only between a pure solvent and a solution, but also between solutions of the same type but with different concentrations. The solvent in a low-concentration solution passes through the semipermeable membrane into the high-concentration solution. The concept of osmosis is also commonly used in areas such as sewage purification and seawater desalination.

[0004] Osmotic pressure is an indicator of the strength of the osmotic effect. In a semipermeable membrane with different solution concentrations on both sides, the minimum pressure applied to the high-concentration side to prevent the solvent from permeating from the low-concentration side to the high-concentration side is called osmotic pressure, and it can prevent osmosis from occurring. Theoretically, osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the solution concentration and thermodynamic temperature, and the relationship is as follows:

[0005]

number

[0006] The above equation is called the van't Hoff equation, also known as the osmotic pressure equation. In the equation, c is the molar concentration of particles in the solution (unit: mol / L), R is the ideal gas constant, and when π is in kPa, the R value is 8.314 J / (K.mol), and T is the thermodynamic temperature (unit: K). When both sides of a semipermeable membrane are solutions, c is the difference in the molar concentration of particles in the solutions on both sides.

[0007] The osmotic force is extremely strong; the molar concentration of 0.9% saline at 37°C is approximately 0.31 mol / L, which corresponds to an osmotic pressure of approximately 0.79 MPa and a water level difference of approximately 79 m. Generally, the salinity of seawater is approximately 3%, and the osmotic pressure with freshwater is approximately 240 m, and this osmotic pressure can be used to generate electricity. Currently, there is osmotic power generation technology that utilizes the energy from the difference in salinity between saltwater in the sea and freshwater in a river, and this energy is considered to be green and environmentally friendly. Norway took the lead in developing the world's first generator that uses the difference in salinity between saltwater in the sea and freshwater in a river.

[0008] Osmosis allows water to spontaneously flow from low to high levels. However, as the water molecules penetrate, the solution becomes increasingly diluted, its concentration gradually decreasing, and the osmotic effect weakens. When using this circulating water flow to generate work, the concentrations of the solutions on both sides of the semipermeable membrane gradually balance, resulting in the loss of the osmotic effect. Therefore, achieving circulating work through the general osmotic effect is difficult. Conventional osmotic power generation is a one-way water flow power generation system. Power generation using the salinity difference between ocean saltwater and fresh river water maintains the solution concentration essentially unchanged, relying on large amounts of seawater. If the water flow circulates, the solution becomes diluted and operation stops, making it impossible to establish a foundation for generating power through circulating water flow. It can only be built where rivers and the sea meet. Furthermore, the semipermeable membranes that capture seawater salt have small pore sizes and poor water permeability, resulting in limited power generation capacity. River water contains impurities that easily clog semipermeable membranes, hindering the practical application of power generation using the salinity difference between ocean saltwater and fresh river water. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for energy harvesting by nano one-way valve permeation in order to extract energy from thermal energy in the general environment and provide it to humans. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following technical means.

[0011] The method comprises the steps of attaching two semipermeable membranes to a U-shaped tube, filling a solution between the two semipermeable membranes, and filling a solvent on the outside of the two semipermeable membranes; By setting up an energy field in the solution and controlling the distribution of solute particles in the solution, the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes is made unequal, and the osmotic pressure of the solution differs between the two semipermeable membranes. The solvent on the outside of the two semipermeable membranes penetrates into the solution, and the internal pressure of the solution rises, exceeding the osmotic pressure of the semipermeable membrane on the side with the lower concentration. This causes the solution to undergo reverse osmosis through the semipermeable membrane on that side. The solvent then passes through the semipermeable membrane with the higher osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semipermeable membrane with the lower osmotic pressure in sequence, achieving a unidirectional flow through reverse osmosis. The solvent in the unidirectional flow forms potential energy on the liquid surface or kinetic energy of the liquid flow, which is the procedure for energy storage or power generation. 1. A method for energy harvesting by nano one-way valve permeation, comprising: When the energy field is an electrostatic field and there are charged ions in the solution, the concentration of the charged ions in the semipermeable membrane will change under the action of the electric field, causing the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal; when the energy field is a magnetic field and the solution is a liquid and strong diamagnetic nanoparticles in the liquid, the action of the magnetic field will cause the concentration of the strong diamagnetic nanoparticles at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal; when the energy field is a gravitational field and the solution is a liquid and nanoparticles in the liquid, the combined action of gravity and buoyancy will increase the concentration of nanoparticles in the liquid at one of the semipermeable membranes, causing the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal.

[0012] 1. A nano one-way valve osmotic energy harvesting device, comprising: a U-tube container; and a one-way valve disposed therein, the one-way valve comprising: Two semipermeable membranes are removably provided in the U-shaped tube container, with a solution filled between them and a solvent filled on the outside; and a concentration control module for controlling the concentration of the solution so as to make the concentration of the solution in the vicinity of the two semipermeable membranes different.

[0013] More specifically, the concentration control module is an electrostatic field element, which is a charged body disposed in the solvent on one side of the semipermeable membrane and insulated from the solvent. Charged ions exist in the solvent, and the electric field action of the charged body changes the concentration of the charged ions at the semipermeable membrane, so that the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes is not equal.

[0014] More specifically, one of the semipermeable membranes is an electrically neutral membrane, and the other semipermeable membrane is a charged membrane that also functions as a concentration control module. Charged ions exist in the solution, and the concentration of the charged ions in the semipermeable membrane changes due to the action of the electric field of the charged membrane, so that the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes is not equal.

[0015] Or more specifically, both of the two semipermeable membranes are charged membranes, the charged layer of one of the charged membranes faces the solvent, and the charged layer of the other charged membrane faces the solution and is insulated from the solution, and functions as a concentration control module, in which charged ions exist in the solution, and the concentration of the charged ions on the side of the charged membrane facing the solution changes due to the action of the electric field of the charged membrane, and the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes is not equal.

[0016] More specifically, the solution is a liquid with multiple strong diamagnetic nanoparticles suspended therein, and the concentration control module is a ferromagnetic body provided on the outside of one of the semipermeable membranes, and the magnetic field action of the ferromagnetic body brings the multiple strong diamagnetic nanoparticles closer to the other semipermeable membrane.

[0017] More specifically, the solution is a liquid and a plurality of nanoparticles in the liquid, and natural gravity is used without a concentration control module. The diameter of the nanoparticles and the pore size of the semipermeable membrane are in the range of 0.5 to 10 nm, the diameter of the nanoparticles is larger than the pore size of the semipermeable membrane, the nanoparticles do not dissolve in the liquid, and they do not adhere to the semipermeable membrane. The semipermeable membrane is horizontally positioned, and the plurality of nanoparticles rise or sink due to the combined action of the buoyancy of the liquid and gravity, and the concentration of the nanoparticles in one of the semipermeable membranes becomes higher, and when subjected to vibration, they are resuspended in the liquid for a certain period of time.

[0018] More specifically, the U-tube vessel is a hollow cavity having a first opening and a second opening on both sides thereof, and in which the two semipermeable membranes are removably disposed; The lower end is provided with two connecting tubes which are respectively connected to the first opening and the second opening and which are filled with a solvent.

[0019] More specifically, the two semipermeable membranes are placed in the sealed container, the space inside the sealed container is divided into three chambers, the chamber between the two semipermeable membranes is filled with a solution, the two chambers on both sides are filled with a solvent, and the lower ends of the two connecting pipes are connected to the two chambers, respectively.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are that it uses two semipermeable membranes filled with solutions and solvents of different concentrations, combined with a concentration control module to achieve localized control of solution concentration. This allows for different solution concentrations near the two semipermeable membranes, thereby controlling osmotic pressure, achieving the osmotic effect of a one-way valve. The solvent on the outside of the two semipermeable membranes osmotically enters the solution, increasing the internal pressure of the solution, exceeding the osmotic pressure of the semipermeable membrane with lower concentration, causing reverse osmosis through that membrane. The solvent flows unidirectionally through the semipermeable membrane with higher osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semipermeable membrane with lower osmotic pressure via reverse osmosis. The unidirectional flow of the solvent stores energy and generates electricity, achieving the effect of osmotic energy harvesting. The invention uses solute particles with a larger volume that fits the corresponding semipermeable membrane, increasing the liquid flow rate, thereby improving power generation capacity, preventing clogging of the semipermeable membranes, and improving practicality and stability. In short, this kind of nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device has three "spontaneous" characteristics: it can achieve cyclical power generation through environmental energy harvesting, it can start up spontaneously without artificial energy input, it can continue to operate spontaneously without artificial energy input, and it can continue to perform work spontaneously without artificial energy input. As long as the ambient temperature is above 0°C and below 100°C (when the solution is in a liquid state), the system can always operate and perform work without consuming energy resources or raising the global temperature, and it is inexhaustible.

[0021] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are used only to interpret the present application and are not intended to unduly limit the present application. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a nano one-way valve of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the different osmolality corresponding to different concentrations at both ends of a solution of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a circulation system for osmotic energy collection of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the power generation of energy harvesting by osmosis of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a nano one-way valve using a gravitational field method according to the present invention. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of energy collection by penetration of a magnetic field method of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the osmotic effect. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of energy collection by penetration of the charge-type electrostatic field method of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the serial stacking structure of the charge-type electrostatic field penetration energy harvesting of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0024] The principle of the nano one-way valve in this application is explained using a macroscopic model. Assuming a porous table with numerous pores drilled through it, as shown in Figure 1, let's first consider the case where there are no small bullets. Here, we assume that the same number of small bullets are always fired from the top of the table surface to the bottom and from the bottom to the top. We also assume that the probability and number of bullets passing through the pores from the top to the bottom of the table are the same as the probability and number of bullets passing through the pores from the bottom to the top of the table, and that the number of bullets on the table is the same as the number of bullets below the table.

[0025] Now further assume that some of the pores in the porous table are covered or suspended with light globules to block the pores, as shown in FIG.

[0026] Assuming the same number of bullets are fired from the top of the table to the bottom and from the bottom to the top, some of the holes will be blocked by the pellets, preventing some of the bullets fired from the top from passing through the holes to reach the bottom of the table. When bullets are fired from the bottom to the top, some bullets will pass directly through the holes and reach the top of the table, while some bullets will use their kinetic energy to push the pellets aside and reach the top of the table. At this time, bullets moving upward and downward have different probabilities of passing through the holes on the table, while bullets from the bottom are more likely to reach the top, forming an overall unidirectional upward flow. It is clear that the pellets and holes work together throughout the entire process to block the downward movement of the upper pellets but not to hinder their upward movement, acting as a "one-way valve" macro-rectifier.

[0027] It's worth noting that the pellets displaced by the smaller bullets roll into the adjacent holes, continuing to form one-way valves with the new holes. Therefore, this type of one-way valve is "displaceable," rather than being fixed to a specific hole location. The number of pellets and holes remains constant even as the position changes, and the number of one-way valves formed together with the holes blocked by the pellets, as well as their proportion to the total number of holes, also remain constant. The greater the number of pellets, the higher the rate at which the holes are blocked, and the more pronounced the effect of the difference in the probability of the smaller bullets moving up and down. The greater the kinetic energy of the bullet, the easier it is to displace the interfering pellets, and the stronger the effect.

[0028] Furthermore, if the spheres are not stationary and are constantly in a state of random motion (such as the Brownian motion of particles in a solution), they will spontaneously displace even without the impact of a small bullet. This random motion causes the pores to be randomly blocked, forming a one-way valve together with the blocked pores. Because the spheres' displacement is spontaneous, several points must be taken into consideration in order to achieve the one-way valve effect.

[0029] 1. The spheres and pores jointly form a one-way valve. When the spheres are too far from the pores, they cannot effectively block the pores and cannot function as a one-way valve. The effect of the one-way valve is only related to the spheres close to the pores, and is unrelated to the spheres farther away; it is a boundary effect.

[0030] 2. The diameter of the spheres must not be smaller than the diameter of the pores. In the case of anions and cations, the diameter of at least one of the anion and cation particles must be larger than the diameter of the pores, otherwise the pores will not be blocked and the spheres will not function as one-way valves.

[0031] 3. The mass of the pellet must not be too large. The larger the pellet's mass, the greater the kinetic energy lost when the bullet hits it, weakening the function and effectiveness of the one-way valve. If the particles are unable to repel the pellet at all, the liquid molecules will be unable to repel the pellet. If particles can undergo Brownian motion in a liquid, this indicates that the liquid molecules can repel the pellet.

[0032] 4. Do not stack too many small balls. If there are too many small balls stacked, the small balls at the bottom will have no room to move, and when a small bullet hits it, it will be as if it is hitting a large ball, and will not be able to push the small balls away, so it will not function as a one-way valve.

[0033] 5. The pellets must not be adsorbed into the pores, otherwise the small bullets will not be able to push through the pellets at all, and the one-way valve function will not be achieved.

[0034] 6. It is best to keep the pellets floating, so that the small bullets below can pass directly through the pores and reach the space above without losing energy, which will provide the best one-way valve function and effect. The spontaneous displacement one-way valve is the same as the pellets always floating, and the effect of the one-way valve is the most ideal. It is a "spontaneous displacement" one-way valve.

[0035] In the above concept, the pores and spheres are assumed to be extremely small, on the order of nanometers, and can be defined as "nano one-way valves." Nano one-way valves differ from macro one-way valves. First, the spheres and pores, which are the main "components" of nano one-way valves, do not have a fixed cooperative relationship but cooperate randomly. Second, a specific nano one-way valve at the micro level does not function independently, but rather functions as a whole series of nano one-way valves at the macro level. The combination of nano one-way valves at the micro level is random, while the effect of nano one-way valves at the macro level is stable.

[0036] Molecules are constantly moving and possess energy. For example, like the small bullets mentioned above, liquid molecules at room temperature move at speeds of several hundred meters per second. The difference is that the movement of liquid molecules is three-dimensional, meaning that the number and energy of liquid molecules moving in any direction is equal. There are countless "liquid molecular bullets" moving at high speed in each direction. Solute particles in a solution, like the light, randomly moving spheres mentioned above, are constantly suspended in the liquid and undergo Brownian motion. When a membrane with appropriately sized pores is placed between the liquid and the solution, the conditions for creating the nano-one-way valve effect are met. Some of the liquid molecules, which are inherently chaotic and thermally mobile, rush toward the membrane, pass through the pores, and spontaneously enter the solution. However, some of the liquid molecules in the solution also rush toward the membrane, pass through the pores, and spontaneously enter the liquid. The blocking action of the solute particles creates a one-way valve effect, and macroscopically, more liquid molecules move from the liquid to the solution, forming a one-way flow.

[0037] A general interpretation of the osmotic effect is shown in Figure 7. The dashed line in the figure represents a semipermeable membrane, the large circular particles represent solute particles that cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane, and the small round arrows represent solvent molecules that can pass through the semipermeable membrane. On both sides of the semipermeable membrane, the side with higher solute concentration has fewer solvent molecules, solute particles occupy a larger area and block more pores in the semipermeable membrane. On the side with lower solute concentration, the solute particles occupy a smaller area and block fewer pores in the semipermeable membrane. Because solute particles block the pores, more solvent molecules flow through the semipermeable membrane to the side with higher concentration per unit area and time. However, the solvent molecules generally tend to move in a uniform direction macroscopically.

[0038] Although there are obvious structural differences between the solute particles and globules in the semipermeable membrane and the porous table, and between the solvent molecules and tiny bullets, the principles revealed by the above interpretation are highly consistent with the principle of nano one-way valve action. Here, the semipermeable membrane is like a porous table, the solute particles are like suspended light globules, and the rapid thermal motion of the solvent molecules is like tiny bullets. The solute particles and the semipermeable membrane together form a one-way valve, and the solvent molecules rely on their own thermal motion to spontaneously move through the one-way valve from a low-concentration solution to a high-concentration solution. Therefore, osmosis can be considered a natural nano one-way valve effect. This interpretation is more fundamental and intuitive.

[0039] The formula for osmotic pressure derived based on this mechanism is exactly the same as the conventional formula, further demonstrating that the osmotic effect is a nano one-way valve effect.

[0040] The strength of the permeation effect is related to the concentration, and by controlling the concentration at the semipermeable membrane boundary, the permeation effect can be expanded and new functions can be realized.

[0041] To achieve the goal of unidirectional solvent flow through the osmotic effect, it is important to create a concentration difference between the solution solutes at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes. Under normal circumstances, the solute concentration in the solution is uniform everywhere due to diffusion, and concentration differences do not arise spontaneously. However, when an external force is applied to the solution, the solute concentrations in the solution become unequal, and concentration differences can form.

[0042] 1. A method for energy collection by nano one-way valve osmosis, which can make solute concentrations in a solution unequal to form a concentration difference, and includes the steps of: A procedure in which two semipermeable membranes are attached to a U-shaped tube, a solution is filled between the two semipermeable membranes, and a solvent is filled outside the two semipermeable membranes. By setting up an energy field in the solution and controlling the distribution of solute particles in the solution, the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes is made unequal, and the osmotic pressure of the solution differs between the two semipermeable membranes. The solvent on the outside of the two semipermeable membranes penetrates into the solution, and the internal pressure of the solution rises to exceed the osmotic pressure of the semipermeable membrane with the lower concentration, causing the solution to undergo reverse osmosis through that semipermeable membrane. The solvent then passes through the semipermeable membrane with the higher osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semipermeable membrane with the lower osmotic pressure in sequence, achieving a unidirectional flow through reverse osmosis. The solvent in the unidirectional flow generates potential energy on the liquid surface or kinetic energy of the liquid flow, which is used for energy storage or power generation. When the energy field is an electrostatic field and there are charged ions in the solution, the concentration of the charged ions in the semipermeable membrane will change under the action of the electric field, causing the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal; when the energy field is a magnetic field and the solution is a liquid and strong diamagnetic nanoparticles in the liquid, the action of the magnetic field will cause the concentration of the strong diamagnetic nanoparticles at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal; when the energy field is a gravitational field and the solution is a liquid and nanoparticles in the liquid, the combined action of gravity and buoyancy will increase the concentration of nanoparticles in the liquid at the semipermeable membrane.

[0043] For a detailed explanation of the overall process, please refer to Figure 2. Reference numeral 1 denotes a U-shaped container, and 2-1 denotes semipermeable membranes, which separate the solution and solvent from the left and right sides. Two semipermeable membranes 2-1 are installed inside the U-shaped container 1, with the solution between the two membranes and the solvent outside the two membranes. The black and white dots on the right side represent particles that have become highly concentrated at the boundary of the semipermeable membranes due to some kind of action. Based on the principles of osmosis, the center is a highly concentrated solution, and the solvents on both sides spontaneously permeate into the solution, increasing the pressure in the center. However, the left side is a naturally occurring solution with a low concentration, resulting in a low osmotic pressure. The solution concentration at the right semipermeable membrane boundary is high, resulting in a high osmotic pressure. As the solvents on both sides permeate into the center, the pressure reaches the corresponding osmotic pressure on the left side, and the solvent on the left side no longer permeates. Although the solvent on the right side has not yet reached the osmotic pressure, the pressure in the middle continues to rise and gradually becomes greater than the osmotic pressure on the left side. This pressure difference causes the solution to undergo reverse osmosis against the semipermeable membrane on the left side, squeezing the solvent out and flowing to the left side. In this way, the solvent on the right side continues to seep in and the solvent on the left side continues to seep out. Macroscopically, this is a unidirectional flow. Until the pressures on both sides are finally balanced, the solvent on the right side will no longer seep in and the solvent on the left will no longer seep out, and the system will reach equilibrium.

[0044] The pressure at the center at this time is H C , the liquid surface pressure on both sides is H L , H R , the osmotic pressure on both the left and right sides is π L , π R Assume that:

[0045] The meaning of osmotic pressure (1) can be understood as follows:

[0046]

number

[0047] Subtract equation (3) from equation (2).

[0048]

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[0049] Equation (4) shows that in static equilibrium, the pressure difference between the left and right liquid levels is equal to the "osmotic pressure difference" between the left and right sides, and is independent of the initial height of the liquid level.

[0050] Let c be the intrinsic particle concentration of the solution, and c be the increase in particle concentration at the semipermeable membrane boundary due to a certain action. I , the total concentration is c+c I If the semipermeable membrane is ideal, it can completely block particles in the solution from entering the solvent, and the particle concentration in the solvent becomes 0. When the osmotic pressure formula (1) is substituted into formula (4), the following is obtained:

[0051]

number

[0052] Equation (5) shows that the pressure difference between the liquid surfaces on the left and right sides is related only to the increase in concentration at the membrane boundary on the right side, and not to the intrinsic concentration of the solution.

[0053] However, it is difficult to achieve an ideal state in an actual semipermeable membrane, and there are always particles that pass through the semipermeable membrane and enter the solvent. The particle concentration in the solvent on the left is c L , the particle concentration in the solvent on the right is c R When this is the case, it can be seen from equation (1) that the penetration difference between the left and right sides shown in Figure 2 is as follows:

[0054]

number

[0055] When equations (6) and (7) are substituted into equation (4), the following is obtained.

[0056]

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[0057] Equation (8) shows that the pressure difference between the left and right steady-state liquid surfaces is the concentration increase value c I This indicates that the osmotic pressure is equal to the value obtained by subtracting the osmotic pressure difference corresponding to the difference in particle concentration in the solvent on both the right and left sides from the osmotic pressure corresponding to the osmotic pressure.

[0058] c I = 0, i.e., when the solution is not subjected to external action and the concentrations at both ends are the same, equation (8) can be simplified as follows:

[0059]

number

[0060] Equation (9) shows that the particle concentration in the solvent on both sides affects the liquid surface on both sides, and the solvent flows to the side with the higher particle concentration.

[0061] c I ≠0, right-hand density c R is the concentration on the left side c L When the particle concentration difference between the two sides is large, the solvent generally penetrates to the right, and c I The liquid level on the left side rises slowly and is low. R is the concentration on the left side c L When the particle concentration difference between the two sides is small, the solvent generally penetrates to the left, and c I As with the solvent penetrating to the left, the liquid level of the solvent on the left rises rapidly and becomes high.

[0062] Equation (8) can also be rewritten as follows:

[0063]

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[0064] Equation (10) expresses the particle concentration increase c IThe osmotic pressure corresponding to is equal to the pressure difference between the liquid levels on the left and right sides at steady state plus the osmotic pressure difference corresponding to the particle concentration difference in the solvent on the right and left sides. This equation reflects the strength of the osmotic pressure difference resulting from an increase in concentration due to an external action.

[0065] In an ideal situation, if the equilibrium liquid level is not reached on the left side of Figure 2, for example, when the left side is at half height and the solvent is released, the left side will never reach pressure equilibrium, the solution in the center will continue to reverse osmosis and squeeze out the solvent to the left, and the solvent on the right will continue to permeate into the center, resulting in a spontaneous flow of solvent from right to left.

[0066] If we further assume that the solvent on the left does not flow out directly but drops and flows to the right, as shown in Figure 3, the solvent on the right will spontaneously flow to the left through the solution, causing the liquid level on the left to rise and then drop to the right, forming a continuous liquid circulation. As long as the ion barrier capacity of the semipermeable membrane is strong enough, the ions in the solution cannot diffuse into the solvent, and the solution concentrations on both sides of the semipermeable membrane will not reach equilibrium. Osmosis will spontaneously occur due to the thermal motion of the solvent molecules, and this liquid circulation will never stop.

[0067] As shown in Figure 4, adding an impeller generator to the bottom of the falling solvent on the right side and using the liquid flow to generate electricity allows for continuous energy output, achieving the goal of harvesting energy from the environment through osmosis. The above process involves the chaotic thermal motion of liquid molecules being spontaneously converted into a macroscopic, unidirectional liquid flow due to the one-way valve effect, generating electricity from the liquid flow. After colliding with the generator impeller, the liquid molecules' velocity slows, their average translational and kinetic energy decreases, and the temperature of the liquid flowing back to the right becomes lower than that of the original liquid on the right. The system absorbs heat from the outside to maintain circulation and continue to output energy to the outside, conserving energy throughout the entire process. After the output electrical energy is consumed, it is returned to the environment as thermal energy. When the heat is diffused, it naturally replenishes the thermal energy around the power generation site. Therefore, this power generation essentially involves absorbing the thermal kinetic energy of molecules from the environment and converting it into electrical energy. After the electrical energy is consumed, it is converted back into thermal energy and returned to the environment, supporting the system's continued operation.

[0068] This energy harvesting method uses nano one-way valve osmosis to directly utilize ambient heat to perform work. After being used to perform work, the converted thermal energy is released into the environment and reused in the system. Unlike conventional thermal machines, this system has three "spontaneous" features: first, it can start up spontaneously without any artificial energy input; second, it can continue to operate spontaneously without any artificial energy input; and third, it can continue to perform work spontaneously without any artificial energy input. As long as the ambient temperature is above 0°C and below 100°C (when the solution is in a liquid state), the system can operate and perform work continuously without consuming energy resources or raising the global temperature; it is inexhaustible. [Example]

[0069] As can be seen from the nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device and method, the device comprises a U-shaped tube container 1 and a one-way valve 2 installed therein, the one-way valve 2 being removably installed in the U-shaped tube container 1, two semipermeable membranes 2-1 between which a solution 2-2 is filled and the outside of which is filled with a solvent, and a concentration control module 2-3 for controlling the concentration of the solution 2-2 so that the concentrations of the solution 2-2 near the two semipermeable membranes 2-1 are different. The entire device can be arranged vertically, horizontally, or in other ways according to actual operating needs.

[0070] In this embodiment, the concentration control module 2-3 uses an electrostatic field member or a charged semipermeable membrane, and the electrostatic field member may be a powered electrostatic field from an external power source, or may be a charged electrostatic field in which the object itself is charged with static electricity.

[0071] As shown in Figure 8, a statically charged object is placed to the right of the right semipermeable membrane 2-1, and the static charge on the object must not dissipate even when immersed in a liquid. If the object is negatively charged, it attracts cations in solution 2-2 and moves toward the object. Because ions cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane, the attracted cations accumulate on the left side of the right semipermeable membrane 2-1. As the cations increase, they attract some anions, resulting in a new electric field equilibrium at the boundary of the semipermeable membrane 2-1, forming an "electric double layer." The thickness of the electric double layer is typically 0.2 to 20 nanometers. After the new electrostatic equilibrium is established, the rest of the solution 2-2 remains electrically neutral, and its concentration remains essentially unchanged and uniform everywhere. Therefore, the concentration of solution 2-2 at the boundary of the left semipermeable membrane 2-1 remains essentially the same as the original solution concentration. Because an electric double layer is generated near the boundary of the right-side semipermeable membrane 2-1, the ion density is significantly higher than the equilibrium region, corresponding to the formation of a high concentration at the membrane boundary. Due to the placement of a charged object, the ion concentration at the right-side semipermeable membrane 2-1 boundary is higher than that at the left-side semipermeable membrane boundary, resulting in a difference in ion concentration at the left and right semipermeable membrane 2-1 boundaries. According to the principle of energy collection through osmosis described above, when the ion concentrations at the left and right semipermeable membranes 2-1 are different, the osmotic pressures on both sides are different, resulting in a difference in liquid level between the left and right sides corresponding to the osmotic pressure difference. It should be noted that in Figure 8, a charged object is placed to the right of the right-side semipermeable membrane 2-1. In practice, it could also be placed to the left of the semipermeable membrane 2-1, but the charged object must be placed close to the semipermeable membrane 2-1. The distance must not exceed 20 nanometers; otherwise, an electric double layer would be formed directly on the surface of the charged object, not at the boundary of the semipermeable membrane 2-1. By using a process or means to compound and integrate the charged coating onto the surface of the semipermeable membrane 2-1, this problem can be avoided and good results can be obtained.

[0072] The electrostatic field method is characterized by its simplicity, availability, ease of implementation, strong electric field strength, and good effectiveness, and is expected to be put to practical use early on. However, the electrostatic field method also has some shortcomings. The disadvantage of the charge-type electrostatic field method is that the static electricity carried by an object may not last long in liquid, and the corresponding product may not be durable enough. The disadvantage of the power-type electrostatic field method is that it is difficult to completely eliminate leakage current and it consumes additional energy. The need for an external power source limits its use.

[0073] The inventor led a team to conduct experiments on energy harvesting by penetration of the charge-type electrostatic field method without external power source, and more than 100 effective experiments were carried out in succession, all of which showed the expected effects.

[0074] The specific experiments were conducted using commercially available semipermeable membranes: one uncharged reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, and the other an electrostatically charged nanofiltration membrane. RO membranes typically have pore sizes in the range of 0.1 to 1 nanometer. Nanofiltration membranes typically have pore sizes in the range of 1 to 2 nanometers. RO membranes have small pore sizes, giving them a strong ability to capture solutes. Nanofiltration membranes have large pore sizes, giving them a relatively weak ability to capture solutes. The experiments took advantage of the characteristics of nanofiltration membranes, which are charged and RO membranes, which are uncharged. The electrostatic charge of the nanofiltration membrane was used to create a high concentration at the membrane boundary, generating an osmotic pressure difference. Here, the valve body consisting of two semipermeable membranes and a solution is called a "single-group valve."

[0075] The experiments specifically used products manufactured by Tomi Membrane Corporation of America. The RO membrane model was FFM-FR, with a molecular weight cutoff of 100 and was uncharged. The nanofiltration membrane model was FFM-NL, with a molecular weight cutoff of 300-500 and was negatively charged.

[0076] Using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and nanofiltration membranes in sequence, experiments were conducted on water level difference in energy collection by osmosis using the charge-type electrostatic field method with different concentrations of solutes such as sodium sulfate, sodium citrate, magnesium sulfate, and ferric chloride. Water flow circulation experiments on energy collection by osmosis and experiments on serial stacking of energy collection by osmosis were also conducted.

[0077] In this application, a selection of experiments will be presented and explained.

[0078] The water level difference experiment of energy collection by penetration of charge type electrostatic field method is as follows: A schematic diagram of the experimental setup is shown in Figure 2. The main body of the experimental setup was a multi-stage microbioreactor. Three chambers were connected by screws to form a hollow cavity, which served as a sealed container. The hollow cavity was divided into three chambers by two semipermeable membranes: the RO membrane on the left and the nanofiltration membrane on the right. During the experiment, the solution was injected into the center chamber, the top was sealed, and pure water was injected into both sides as a solvent. A U-shaped tube was formed to fit the sealed container, and the tops of both sides were connected to transparent rubber hoses. In this experiment, transparent hoses with an inner diameter of 5 mm were used, and the tops were open to allow pure water to flow through the transparent hoses. The initial water levels in the two transparent hoses were the same height and on the same horizontal plane. After pure water was injected into both chambers and the solution was injected into the center chamber, osmosis occurred, causing the pure water from both sides to seep into the center chamber, slightly lowering the water levels in the two tubes. As can be seen from the above, the RO membrane on the left is not charged, and the solution concentration at the boundary is low, resulting in a small osmotic pressure. When pure water enters, the pressure in the center chamber rises, and the left side reaches osmotic pressure first. The nanofiltration membrane on the right is charged, and the ion concentration at the boundary is high, resulting in a high osmotic pressure. Therefore, the water on the right continues to seep into the center chamber, forming reverse osmosis on the left membrane and squeezing water out of the solution. The water level in the right tube continues to drop, and the water level in the left tube begins to rise.

[0079] The semipermeable membrane used in the experiment was not ideal, and ions in the solution diffused through it into the water, creating osmotic pressure. Generally, RO membranes have small pores and a strong ion-trapping capacity, resulting in fewer ions diffusing to the left and a gradual change in concentration. Nanofiltration membranes have large pores and a weaker ion-trapping capacity, resulting in more ions diffusing to the right and a more rapid change in concentration. As diffusion progresses, the ion concentrations on the left and right sides of the water become unequal, and the resulting osmotic pressure difference serves to raise the water level on the right and lower the water level on the left. As can be seen from equation (8), this effect is exactly the opposite of the effect of an electrostatic field. As the difference in ion concentrations on the left and right sides of the water continues to expand, the corresponding osmotic pressure difference also continues to increase. Due to this interaction, the water level on the left side rises and the water level on the right falls, gradually slowing down. When the osmotic pressure difference, corresponding to the ion concentration difference due to diffusion, and the water level pressure difference equalize with the osmotic pressure due to the electrostatic field, the water flow reaches equilibrium and no longer changes. As can be seen from equation (10), the pressure difference in the water level due to the electrostatic field is equal to the sum of the existing pressure difference between the left and right water levels and the osmotic pressure difference, which corresponds to the difference in ion concentration in the water on both sides. If the ion concentration in the water on the right side subsequently increases further, the water level reverses, with the water level on the left side beginning to drop and the water level on the right side gradually rising. In the experiment, a Xiaomi XMTDS01YM model TDS detector was used to measure the ion concentrations in the water on the left and right sides when the water levels were balanced. These were converted to molar concentrations, and the osmotic pressure difference was calculated based on π = cRT.

[0080] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0081] [Table 1]

[0082] conclusion A. It has been experimentally proven that energy collection by penetration of the charge-type electrostatic field method spontaneously causes a difference in water level. B. The average water level difference caused by static electricity in a single group valve is approximately 2350 mm. C. The water level rose very slowly and took a long time to reach the equilibrium level.

[0083] The coupling effect caused by the difference in osmotic pressure due to the difference in concentration of charged ions was not eliminated as much as possible. For the experiment, we originally planned to select two semipermeable membranes with the same pore size, one charged and the other uncharged, to form a "pair." However, such a combination of semipermeable membranes is not available on the market. To be cautious, we selected an uncharged RO membrane with a smaller pore size and a charged nanofiltration membrane with a larger pore size for the experiment. These membranes are common commercial products, and their microscopic properties are not very consistent, resulting in relatively discrete experimental results. While the experiment produced the expected results and was sufficient to verify the principle of energy harvesting through osmosis, the specific experimental values ​​do not necessarily accurately reflect the effect or effectiveness of energy harvesting through electrostatic osmosis and are for reference only. Furthermore, during the experiment, there were many instances where the ion concentration in the water on the left side was higher than that on the right side. In these cases, the concentration effect and the electrostatic field effect were in the same direction, forcing the water to flow left. In the experiment, the water level in the left pipe continued to rise even after reaching over 3000 mm.

[0084] All of these experiments were conducted under conditions of equal initial water levels. It took a long time for osmotic equilibrium to be reached, during which solutes permeated the semipermeable membrane, causing a nonlinear increase in the ion concentrations in the water on both sides, significantly affecting the water level difference between the two sides. Based on the initial verification that the electrostatic field effect of the nanofiltration membrane was approximately 2350 mm in the above experiments, a different method was used to directly apply an initial water level difference between the left and right sides, and the water level change was observed within a short period of time, during which the ion concentrations on both sides remained essentially unchanged. Experiments were also conducted using different initial water level differences using 0.5% Na2SO4 solution, and the water level change was observed within 30 minutes. The relevant experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0085] [Table 2]

[0086] Conclusion: The water level difference caused by the static electricity of the single group valve can reach about 2800mm.

[0087] To further verify whether the difference in water level for energy harvesting by osmosis could create a circulating water flow, a water circulation experiment using the charge-type electrostatic field method for energy harvesting by osmosis was also conducted. The experimental setup was essentially the same as the experiment described above, except that the left and right tubes were connected and a drip tube was added in the middle to create a circulating water flow, as shown in Figure 3. The drip tube had a 1.25 mm needle tip, and the drip height ranged from 110 to 120 mm. The time between drips, the total number of days the cycle lasted, and the liquid concentration in each chamber at the end of the cycle were measured.

[0088] Results: Group 1 was cycled for 11 days, Group 1 for 13 days, Group 1 for 16 days, and the longest group was cycled for 21 days. The droplets initially fell quickly, then gradually slowed down until they stopped dripping, and at the end of the cycle, the liquid concentrations in each chamber were essentially equal.

[0089] conclusion A: The water flow in the system can circulate spontaneously. B: The circulating droplets are very small and slow. C: After circulation, the solution concentration gradually reached equilibrium.

[0090] The length of circulation time is determined by the time it takes for the solution concentration to reach equilibrium. The stronger the ion-trapping ability of the semipermeable membrane, the longer the time it takes for the solution concentration to reach equilibrium. In future research and development, we will select solute particles with as large a volume as possible and make the pore size of the semipermeable membrane significantly larger than the particle diameter to ensure the semipermeable membrane's ability to trap solute particles and improve the system's circulation capacity. Specifically, the length of circulation time in this experiment was also related to the amount of water; the longer the pipe, the more water was stored and the longer it took for the solution concentration to reach equilibrium. Therefore, experimental results varied significantly depending on the length of the membrane and pipe. The length of the circulation pipe in the first few groups was approximately 0.7 m, and the length of the circulation pipe in the last group was approximately 5 m. The very small and slow water droplets were mainly determined by the water permeability of the semipermeable membrane. In the experiment, an RO membrane was used on one side, which had poor water permeability. Using an uncharged nanofiltration membrane resulted in a stronger water flow. In addition, the magnitude of the macroscopic water flow is proportional to the area of ​​the membrane used, and the larger the membrane, the greater the water flow rate. The magnitude of the water flow affects the power generation capacity.

[0091] The diameter of the membrane used in this experiment was 28 mm. If the diameter were expanded 100 times, to 2.8 m, the theoretical water flow rate would increase 10,000 times, which would still be insufficient for practical use. Therefore, future research will focus on the trapping capacity and water permeability of semipermeable membranes, which are key to practical application of osmotic energy collection for power generation.

[0092] To verify whether the use of one-way valves in series could increase the water level difference, an experiment was conducted to stack energy harvesting systems using the charge-type electrostatic field method in series. The experimental setup was essentially the same as the previous experiment, except that the left and right pipes of the two systems were connected end-to-end to observe whether the water level difference was superimposed. Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the experiment's setup for stacking energy harvesting systems using the charge-type electrostatic field method in series. The initial water level difference was set to 4550 mm higher on the left side than on the right side, and the change in water level was observed after 30 minutes.

[0093] Results: After 30 minutes, the difference in water level between the left and right sides reached 4558 mm.

[0094] conclusion A: When nano one-way valves are stacked in series, the water level difference is superimposed, B: The combined value of the water level difference was smaller than the theoretical direct addition value of approximately 5,600 mm.

[0095] Note: Due to indoor space limitations, the maximum height is only about 4560 mm, and the experimental results initially verified that the water level difference can be superimposed. In this experiment, two one-way valves were connected in series horizontally as shown in Figure 9, but in an actual product, they can also be connected in series vertically if necessary.

[0096] Due to limited conditions, the relevant experiments were carried out on a simplified basis. More accurate experimental results will be obtained when the experimental equipment and experimental conditions are optimized. If the corresponding semipermeable membrane is designed and customized, the water level difference formed by the single-group valve will be higher. [Example]

[0097] As can be seen from the energy collection device by nano one-way valve osmosis, the energy collection method by nano one-way valve osmosis, the device comprises a U-shaped tube container 1 and a one-way valve 2 installed inside, the one-way valve 2 is removably installed in the U-shaped tube container 1, and comprises two semipermeable membranes 2-1, between which a solution 2-2 is filled and on the outside a solvent is filled, and a concentration control module 2-3 for controlling the concentration of the solution 2-2 so as to make the concentration of the solution 2-2 near the two semipermeable membranes 2-1 different.

[0098] In this example, a magnetic field method was used. Solution 2-2 was a liquid containing a number of strongly diamagnetic nanoparticles suspended inside. A ferromagnetic material was placed at one end of the U-shaped tube 1. As shown in Figure 6, the black object on the left represents the ferromagnetic material. The magnetic field caused the diamagnetic solutes in solution 2-2 to move away from the material and deposit near the semipermeable membrane 2-1 at the other end. This increased the concentration of solution 2-2, resulting in different solute concentrations at the interface between the two semipermeable membranes 2-1, which in turn created an osmotic pressure difference, enabling energy harvesting through osmosis. The entire device could be configured vertically, horizontally, or in other ways depending on the actual operating needs.

[0099] The advantages of the magnetic field method are that it does not require external energy, its performance is stable, and it is not limited by the solute. This makes it useful for selecting semipermeable membranes with larger pores and improved water permeability. It is expected to produce higher boundary concentrations, resulting in higher osmotic pressure differences and greater water flow, resulting in good results. Once successful, it will have good practical applications. The disadvantages are the difficulty of finding strong diamagnetic materials and the high cost of preparing nanomaterials. [Example]

[0100] As can be seen from the energy collection device using nano one-way valve permeation and the energy collection method using nano one-way valve permeation, the device comprises a U-shaped tube container 1 and a one-way valve 2 installed inside the U-shaped tube container 1, the one-way valve 2 is removably installed within the straight tube of the U-shaped tube container 1 and has two horizontally arranged semipermeable membranes 2-1, a solution 2-2 which is a liquid containing multiple nanoparticles is filled between the two semipermeable membranes 2-1, and a liquid is filled outside the two semipermeable membranes 2-1, there is no need to install a concentration control module 2-3, and the natural gravitational field can be directly utilized.

[0101] As shown in Figure 5, the black vertical line in Figure 5 represents the housing of the nano one-way valve component, the dashed line represents the semipermeable membrane 2-1, and the small spheres represent nanoparticles. The semipermeable membrane 2-1 is horizontally positioned. The diameter of the nanoparticles and the pore size of the semipermeable membrane 2-1 are in the range of 0.5 to 10 nanometers. The nanoparticles are slightly larger than the pore size of the semipermeable membrane 2-1. The nanoparticles must be insoluble in the liquid and not adhere to the semipermeable membrane 2-1. After the liquid is injected, the nanoparticles remain suspended in the liquid for a certain period of time, eventually sinking to the bottom because gravity is greater than buoyancy. The sinking nanoparticles are concentrated on the lower semipermeable membrane and can be resuspended in the liquid when subjected to vibration. Alternatively, because gravity is less than buoyancy, the nanoparticles are suspended at the top of the liquid, with the floating nanoparticles concentrated below the upper semipermeable membrane. In other words, the particle concentrations near the upper and lower semipermeable membranes 2-1 are different, resulting in different osmotic pressures. The gravitational field method does not require a conventional solution, but only a liquid and multiple nanoparticles in the liquid, with the nanoparticles replacing the solute. In particular, when used in combination, simply adding one semipermeable membrane 2-1 and the corresponding nanoparticles allows for the addition of a set of one-way valves, thereby reducing the amount of semipermeable membrane 2-1 required.

[0102] If a particular solute has a clear gravitational field concentration gradient in the solution, it is also expected to form a nano one-way valve in the gravitational field method.

[0103] The advantages of the gravitational field method are that its principles are intuitive and clear, it does not require external energy, it is not limited by solutes, it is useful for selecting semipermeable membranes with larger pores and higher water permeability, and when used in combination, it can halve the number of semipermeable membranes required. However, in the gravitational field method, the nanoparticles are not completely suspended in the liquid, and energy is consumed when the liquid molecules push the nanoparticles away, which affects the osmotic effect. High levelness is required during product application; if the levelness is low, the internal nanoparticles may tilt, causing accumulation, which may affect the one-way valve effect.

[0104] It should be noted that in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one element or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply that such an actual relationship or order exists between those elements or operations. The terms "comprise," "include," or any other variations thereof cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or facility that includes a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements, and may include other elements that are not expressly listed or that are inherent in such process, method, article, or facility.

[0105] The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, which are merely used for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention, and all designs identical or similar to the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0106] 1 U-shaped tube container 2 One-way valve 2-1 Semipermeable membrane 2-2 Solution 2-3 Density control module

Claims

1. 1. A method for energy harvesting by nano one-way valve permeation, comprising: Attaching two semipermeable membranes to a U-shaped tube, filling a space between the two semipermeable membranes with a solution, and filling the outside of the two semipermeable membranes with a solvent; and setting an energy field in the solution and controlling the distribution of solute particles in the solution, thereby making the concentration of the solution unequal at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes, so that the osmotic pressure of the solution differs between the two semipermeable membranes, the solvent on the outside of the two semipermeable membranes permeates and enters the solution, the internal pressure of the solution increases and exceeds the osmotic pressure of the semipermeable membrane on the side with the lower concentration, and the solution undergoes reverse osmosis through the semipermeable membrane on that side, and the solvent realizes a unidirectional flow by reverse osmosis by passing through the semipermeable membrane with the higher osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semipermeable membrane with the lower osmotic pressure in that order, and the solvent in the unidirectional flow generates potential energy of the liquid surface or kinetic energy of the liquid flow, thereby storing energy or generating electricity. When the energy field is an electrostatic field and the solution contains charged ions, the electric field changes the concentration of the charged ions in the semipermeable membrane, causing the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal; when the energy field is a magnetic field and the solution is a liquid containing strong diamagnetic nanoparticles, the magnetic field causes the concentration of the strong diamagnetic nanoparticles at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal; when the energy field is a gravitational field and the solution is a liquid and nanoparticles in the liquid, the combined action of gravity and buoyancy increases the concentration of the nanoparticles in the liquid at one of the semipermeable membranes, causing the concentration of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes to become unequal. A method for energy collection by nano one-way valve permeation.

2. A nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device, comprising a U-shaped tube container (1) and a one-way valve (2) provided therein, the one-way valve (2) comprising: Two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are removably provided in the U-shaped tubular container (1), with a solution (2-2) filled between them and a solvent filled on the outside; a concentration control module (2-3) for controlling the concentration of the solution (2-2) or for controlling the concentration of the solution (2-2) so as to make the concentration of the solution (2-2) at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) different by using a charged semipermeable membrane; An energy harvesting device using nano one-way valve osmosis.

3. The concentration control module (2-3) is an electrostatic field element or a charged semipermeable membrane. The electrostatic field element is a charged body that is placed in the solvent on one side of the semipermeable membrane (2-1) and is insulated from the solvent. Charged ions exist in the solvent, and the electric field action of the charged body changes the concentration of the charged ions at the semipermeable membrane (2-1). Therefore, the concentration of the solution (2-2) at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) is not equal. The nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device of claim 2.

4. One of the semipermeable membranes (2-1) is a charged membrane, and the other semipermeable membrane (2-1) is an electrically neutral membrane. Charged ions are present in the solution (2-2). The concentration of the charged ions in the semipermeable membrane (2-1) changes due to the action of the electric field of the charged membrane, and the concentration of the solution (2-2) at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) is not equal. The nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device of claim 2.

5. The two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are both charged membranes, the charged layer of one of the charged membranes faces the solvent, and the charged layer of the other charged membrane faces the solution (2-2) and is insulated from the solution (2-2); Charged ions are present in the solution (2-2), and the concentration of the charged ions changes on the side of the charged membrane facing the solution (2-2) due to the action of the electric field of the charged membrane, so the concentration of the solution (2-2) at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) is not equal. The nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device of claim 2.

6. The solution (2-2) is a liquid containing a plurality of strongly diamagnetic nanoparticles suspended therein, The concentration control module (2-3) is a ferromagnetic body provided on the outside of one of the semipermeable membranes (2-1), and the magnetic field action of the ferromagnetic body brings the plurality of strong diamagnetic nanoparticles close to the other semipermeable membrane (2-1). The nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device of claim 2.

7. The solution (2-2) is a liquid and a plurality of nanoparticles in the liquid, and the concentration control module (2-3) is not provided, and a natural gravitational field is used, The diameter of the nanoparticles and the pore size of the semipermeable membrane (2-1) are in the range of 0.5 to 10 nm, the diameter of the nanoparticles is larger than the pore size of the semipermeable membrane (2-1), the nanoparticles do not dissolve in the liquid, do not adhere to the semipermeable membrane (2-1), the semipermeable membrane (2-1) is horizontally arranged, the plurality of nanoparticles rise or sink due to the combined action of the buoyancy of the liquid and gravity, the concentration of the nanoparticles in one of the semipermeable membranes (2-1) is high, and when subjected to vibration, they are suspended again in the liquid for a certain period of time. The nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device of claim 2.

8. The U-shaped tube container (1) is a hollow cavity (1-1) having a first opening and a second opening on both sides, and in which the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are removably provided; The lower end is provided with two connecting pipes (1-2) which are respectively connected to the first opening and the second opening and are filled with the solvent. The nano one-way valve permeation energy harvesting device of claim 2.

9. The two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are provided in the hollow cavity (1-1), and the space in the hollow cavity (1-1) is divided into three chambers. The chamber between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) is filled with the solution (2-2), and the two chambers on both sides are filled with the solvent. The lower ends of the two connecting pipes (1-2) are connected to the two chambers, respectively. The nano one-way valve osmotic energy harvesting device of claim 8.

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