Information providing method, information providing system, information processing device, and program

Abstract

To measure aerosol in an environmental atmosphere in a facility and provide highly reliable information based on its measurement value.SOLUTION: An information providing method includes: an environment measurement step of measuring an object component included in aerosol in an atmosphere in a facility with a measurement device by an electrochemical technique; and an information providing step of preparing advice information corresponding to a measurement result and providing it to an object person including at least either a facility user or a facility provider, with an information processing device that obtains the measurement result from the measurement device.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an information providing method, an information providing system, an information processing device, and a program. [Background technology]

[0002] In facilities, the environmental atmosphere can deteriorate due to crowding. Saliva from human exhalation exists in the environmental atmosphere as aerosols. If saliva contains pathogens such as viruses, it can cause infection via aerosols. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the quality of the environmental atmosphere within a facility and provide information and content corresponding to that quality to people within the facility, for example.

[0003] One known method for this is to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide using a sensor placed within the facility, calculate the risk of infection based on the results, and display content corresponding to the risk on a display device (for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-9317 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the technology in Patent Document 1 merely infers or estimates the risk of infection based on carbon dioxide concentration, and does not actually measure the components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere (such as saliva components or viruses). As a result, the displayed content tends to be treated merely as reference information, and the intended effect of displaying the content, such as alerting people, may not be fully achieved.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a technology that measures aerosols in the environmental atmosphere of a facility and provides highly reliable information based on the measured values. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One aspect of the present invention is an environmental measurement step of measuring target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere of the facility using a measurement device by an electrochemical method; and an information providing step of preparing advice information that matches the measurement results using an information processing device that has acquired the measurement results from the measurement device, and providing the advice information to subjects including at least one of users of the facility and providers of the facility. It is a method of providing information.

[0008] Another aspect of the present invention is a measuring device that measures target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere within the facility using an electrochemical method; and an information processing device that acquires measurement results from the measurement device, prepares predetermined advice information that matches the measurement results, and provides the information to subjects including at least one of users and providers of the facility. It is an information provision system.

[0009] Yet another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a semiconductor device comprising: This is an information processing device that obtains measurement results from a measuring device that uses electrochemical techniques to measure target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere within a facility, prepares specified advice information that matches the measurement results, and provides it to target individuals, including at least one of the users and providers of the facility.

[0010] Yet another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a semiconductor device comprising: An environmental measurement procedure for measuring target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere of the facility using electrochemical techniques; an information providing procedure for preparing advice information that matches the results of the measurement and providing it to subjects including at least one of users of the facility and providers of the facility; It is a program for causing a computer to execute the above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, it is possible to actually measure aerosols in the environmental atmosphere of a facility and provide highly reliable information based on the measured values. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an information providing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a measurement device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an environment measurement process of an information providing method according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an information providing step in an information providing method according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of advice information, where (a) shows the case for facility users and (b) shows the case for facility providers. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing other examples of advice information, where (a) shows the case for facility users and (b) shows the case for facility providers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] <One embodiment of the present invention> An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

[0014] (1) Information provision system First, a configuration example of an information providing system will be described. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a general configuration of an information providing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a general configuration of a measurement device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] 1, an information provision system 1 according to this embodiment includes a measuring device 100 installed in an interior space 501 within a facility 500, an information processing device 200 that acquires measurement results from the measuring device 100, prepares advice information corresponding to the measurement results, and provides the advice information to a subject, an information terminal 301 used by the subject, and a display device 302 that the subject visually recognizes and acquires information. The measuring device 100, information processing device 200, information terminal 301, and display device 302 are configured to exchange information via a network 400.

[0016] The facility 500 is, for example, a structure or building, and has at least one interior space 501. In Fig. 1, the facility 500 is shown as having four interior spaces 501, with the interior divided by walls, partitions, etc. Note that the number of interior spaces 501 is not limited to four, and may be one or more.

[0017] The target persons are those to whom advice information is provided, and include at least one of facility users and facility providers. In addition to users and providers, the target persons may also include, for example, suppliers of facility-related equipment.

[0018] The network 400 may be, for example, a wide area network (WAN), but is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of transmitting and receiving data. The data transmitted and received through the network 400 includes measurement results and advice information. The advice information includes, for example, information indicating recommended actions that the subject should take, advertising information aimed at the subject, etc. Details of each type of information will be described later.

[0019] Each component of the information providing system 1 will be specifically described below.

[0020] (Measuring equipment) The measuring device 100 is installed in each of the internal spaces 501 in the facility 500. The measuring device 100 is configured to measure and evaluate target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere of the internal spaces 501 by an electrochemical method. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the measuring device 100 includes a reaction unit 110 that contains a reaction solution S, a measurement unit 120 that measures the reaction solution S by an electrochemical method, and a determination unit 130 that evaluates the presence or absence of the component based on the measurement results.

[0021] (Reaction solution S) The reaction solution S is used to measure components contained in aerosols in the ambient atmosphere. The reaction solution S takes in aerosols in the atmosphere, captures the components contained in the aerosols, and reacts them so that they can be measured by the electrochemical method described below. Here, the components to be measured (target components) are components that form aerosols and float in the air, such as amylase derived from saliva and pathogens such as viruses.

[0022] Specifically, the reaction solution S contains at least a first substance that reacts with the target component and a solvent. The reaction solution S may contain other additives in addition to these components, as needed. Each component will be described in detail below.

[0023] (first substance) The first substance is a compound that reacts with the target component in the aerosol to generate a second substance that can be measured by electrochemical techniques. The first substance can be appropriately changed depending on the target component. For example, if the target component is amylase derived from saliva, it is preferable to use at least one of amylose and amylopectin as the first substance. Amylose and amylopectin are hydrolyzed by reaction with amylase in saliva to generate glucose as the second substance. Furthermore, for example, if the target component is a component that has neuraminidase in its chemical structure (such as influenza virus or Streptococcus pneumoniae), it is preferable to use sialyllactose and lactase as the first substance.

[0024] The content of the first substance in the reaction solution S is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the content be in excess of the target component. The presence of an excess amount of the first substance in the reaction solution S allows the target component and the first substance to react more reliably. Furthermore, when the target component is amylase and the first substance is amylose or amylopectin, the amount of glucose produced can be increased by repeatedly hydrolyzing the excess amylose or the like with amylase, thereby improving the sensitivity when measuring by the electrochemical method described below.

[0025] (solvent) The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can capture and collect the aerosol and dissolve the first substance, and for example, water can be used. Preferably, a pH buffer solution having a buffering effect is used. The pH range can be adjusted appropriately depending on the types of the first substance and second substance to be reacted.

[0026] (Third substance) The reaction solution S preferably contains a third substance that oxidizes or reduces the second substance. The third substance is an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing the second substance or a reducing agent capable of reducing the second substance. For example, when an oxidizing agent is used as the third substance, the second substance is oxidized by the third substance to an oxidized form, while the third substance is reduced to a reduced form by receiving electrons as the second substance is oxidized. Conversely, when a reducing agent is used as the third substance, the second substance is reduced by the third substance to a reduced form, while the third substance is oxidized to an oxidized form. In this embodiment, as described in detail below, an electrochemical current response is detected when the reduced or oxidized third substance is returned to its original state, i.e., when it is oxidized or reduced. This response corresponds to the content of the reduced oxidizing agent. The content of the reduced oxidizing agent corresponds to the amount of glucose produced, which is an indicator of the content of amylase in the taken-up aerosol.

[0027] The third substance can be changed appropriately depending on the type of the second substance. When the second substance is glucose, it is preferable to use an oxidizing agent as the third substance, and more preferably, at least one of glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenase is used. The content of the third substance is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount that can oxidize or reduce a sufficient amount of the second substance produced, and it may be changed appropriately depending on the amount of the second substance produced.

[0028] (Electron Mediator) Preferably, the reaction solution S further contains an electron mediator. The electron mediator acts to mediate the redox reaction during measurement by an electrochemical method. Specifically, the electron mediator can promote the exchange of electrons between the reduced or oxidized third substance and the electrodes of the measurement device 100. The electron mediator allows for more accurate detection of the response that occurs when the third substance, which has contributed to the redox of the second substance, returns to its original state.

[0029] As the electron mediator, at least one of common electron mediators such as potassium ferricyanide, p-benzoquinone, p-benzoquinone derivatives, oxidized phenazine methosulfate, methylene blue, ferrocene and ferrocene derivatives, dichloroindophenol, and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione can be used.

[0030] The content of the electron mediator is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of detecting the response more accurately during measurement by an electrochemical method, it is preferable that the content be in excess of the content of the target component.

[0031] (Reaction section) The reaction unit 110 is configured to contain a reaction solution S, and to take in an aerosol from the ambient atmosphere into the reaction solution S, causing a reaction of the target component in the reaction solution S. The reaction unit 110 can be, for example, a measurement cell having an opening at the top.

[0032] In the reaction section 110, when an aerosol is taken into the reaction liquid S, if the aerosol contains a target component, the following reaction occurs. First, a first substance reacts with the target component in the reaction liquid S to produce a second substance. Next, the second substance is oxidized or reduced by a third substance. Meanwhile, the third substance contributes to the oxidation or reduction of the second substance, and is thereby reduced or oxidized.

[0033] (Measurement part) The measurement unit 120 measures the reaction solution S by an electrochemical method. The measurement unit 120 is configured to perform, for example, voltammetry measurement. Specifically, the measurement unit 120 is configured to include a working electrode 121, a counter electrode 122, and a reference electrode 123 as electrodes, a potential sweep unit 124, and a current measurement unit 125.

[0034] Each electrode is arranged so as to be immersed in the reaction solution S in the reaction section 110. During measurement, the working electrode 121 oxidizes or reduces a third substance that has become reduced or oxidized in the reaction solution S, returning it to its original state. If an electron mediator is contained in the reaction solution S, the third substance is reduced or oxidized via the electron mediator. The counter electrode 122 causes a reverse reaction with the working electrode 121. The reference electrode 123 serves as a standard for maintaining a constant potential relative to the working electrode 121.

[0035] The electrodes are not particularly limited as long as they can measure the reduction current, and conventionally known electrodes can be used. For example, metal electrodes such as gold or platinum, or carbon electrodes can be used as the working electrode 121 and the counter electrode 122. For example, a silver / silver chloride electrode can be used as the reference electrode 123.

[0036] The potential sweep unit 124 is connected to each electrode and configured to sweep the voltage applied to the working electrode 121 as, for example, a potential relative to the reference electrode 123 within a predetermined range at a predetermined sweep rate. Specifically, the potential sweep unit 124 sweeps the potential of the working electrode 121 positively when a third substance in a reduced form is to be returned to its original state by oxidation, and conversely, sweeps the potential of the working electrode 121 negatively when a third substance in an oxidized form is to be returned to its original state by reduction.

[0037] The potential sweep unit 124 may be adjusted to a potential at the working electrode 121 that returns the third substance in a reduced or oxidized form to its original state, and may be changed appropriately depending on the type of the third substance.

[0038] The potential sweeping method of the potential sweeping unit 124 is not particularly limited as long as it can measure the current response accompanying oxidation-reduction, and may be changed appropriately depending on the measurement method, such as cyclic voltammetry or linear voltammetry.

[0039] The current measurement unit 125 is connected to each electrode and configured to measure the current response flowing between the working electrode 121 and the counter electrode 122 when the potential is swept. For example, when the third substance in the reaction solution S is in a reduced form, the current measurement unit 125 acquires an oxidation current value when the third substance returns from the reduced form to its original state, and when the third substance is in an oxidized form, the current measurement unit 125 acquires a reduction current value when the third substance returns from the oxidized form to its original state.

[0040] (Judgment Department) The determination unit 130 is connected to the measurement unit 120 and is configured to determine the presence or absence of a target component contained in the reaction solution S based on the result from the measurement unit 120, and is configured, for example, with a determination processing unit 131. For example, if a current response is detected by the measurement unit 120, the determination processing unit 131 determines that the target component has been taken into the reaction solution S, that is, that the target component is present in the ambient atmosphere. On the other hand, if no current response is detected by the measurement unit 120, it determines that the target component is not present in the ambient atmosphere. Alternatively, for example, a threshold value may be set for the current value of the current response, and if the current value from the measurement unit 120 is less than the threshold, it may determine that the target component is not present, and if the current value is equal to or greater than the threshold, it may determine that the target component is present.

[0041] The determination unit 130 is preferably configured so that the determination processing unit 131 can quantify the amylase in the aerosol taken into the reaction solution S based on the magnitude of the current value acquired by the measurement unit 120. Furthermore, the determination unit 130 more preferably further includes, in addition to the determination processing unit 131, a memory unit 132 that stores a calibration curve showing the correlation between the current value and the aerosol content. In this case, the determination processing unit 131 can quantify the content of amylase in the reaction solution S from the calibration curve based on the current value.

[0042] (Control unit) The control unit 140 includes, for example, a computer, and is connected to and controls the measurement unit 120 and the determination unit 130. Specifically, in the measurement unit 120, the control unit 140 controls the potential sweep unit 124 so as to sweep the voltage applied to the working electrode 121 as the potential relative to the reference electrode 123 within a predetermined range, and controls the current measurement unit 125 so as to measure the current flowing between the working electrode 121 and the counter electrode 122 during the potential sweep. In addition, in the determination unit 130, the control unit 140 controls the determination processing unit 131 so as to determine the presence or absence of a target component contained in the reaction solution S from the current value acquired by the measurement unit 120. In addition, if the determination unit 130 includes a memory unit 132, the control unit 140 controls the determination processing unit 131 so as to quantify the content of the target component contained in the reaction solution S by referring to the calibration curve in the memory unit 132.

[0043] (Information processing device) Information processing device 200 is configured to communicate with measurement device 100 via network 400, obtain the evaluation results, prepare predetermined advice information that matches the evaluation results, and provide it to subjects including at least one of facility users and facility providers. Preferably, information processing device 200 is configured to determine a quality level based on the evaluation results from measurement device 100, and to prepare advice information that matches the quality level.

[0044] Specifically, the information processing device 200 is configured to include an advice information preparation unit 201 that determines the quality level of the atmosphere based on the evaluation results obtained from the measurement device 100 and prepares advice information that matches the quality level by referring to an advice information database 202, an advice information database 202 that stores and retains the quality levels and multiple pieces of advice information corresponding to them, and an advice information provision unit 203 that outputs the advice information to at least one of an information terminal 301 used by the subject and a display device 302 located in the facility 500.

[0045] The advice information preparation unit 201 first determines the quality level of the atmosphere based on the evaluation results from the measuring device 100. The quality level is an index indicating the quality of the atmosphere in the interior space 501 in which the measuring device 100 is installed. For example, if the measuring device 100 determines that a target component (e.g., amylase) is present in the atmosphere, the advice information preparation unit 201 determines the quality level as a two-level level based on the evaluation results, such as "1 (poor)" if the measuring device 100 determines that the target component is not present, and "0 (good)" if the measuring device 100 determines that the target component is not present. Furthermore, for example, if the measuring device 100 includes a memory unit 132 and can quantify the content of the target component in the reaction solution S, the quality level can be determined in multiple levels according to the content, such that the higher the content, the lower the quality level, and the lower the content, the higher the quality level. For example, the content of the target component may be classified into five ranges, and the quality level may be classified into five levels, with "0 (very good)," "1 (good)," "2 (average)," "3 (caution)," and "4 (poor)" in ascending order of content. The quality level may be set by determining an arbitrary threshold based on the evaluation result.

[0046] After determining the quality level, the advice information preparation unit 201 refers to the advice information database 202 , reads out advice information that matches the quality level, and passes it to the advice information provision unit 203 .

[0047] The advice information database 202 is configured to store and hold quality levels and multiple pieces of advice information corresponding to the levels. The advice information is associated with a subject and a quality level, and the content to be provided is set in advance depending on the subject and the quality level. The advice information may also be associated with a current value or a predicted value of the quality level, which will be described later. The advice information database 202 may also store and hold not only the association between the subject, the quality level, and the advice information, but also information on the measurement time and the measurement result at that time, for example, information on the measurement time and the quality level at that time, in association with each other. This makes it possible to, for example, grasp changes in the quality level over time and monitor the quality of the atmosphere.

[0048] The advice information includes, for example, information indicating recommended actions that the subject should take and advertising information aimed at the subject. If the target person is a facility user, information indicating recommended behavior may include, for example, restrictions on entry to facility 500, wearing a mask, or moving to other internal spaces 501 within facility 500, while advertising information may include, for example, information on infection prevention products such as masks and disinfectants, medical supplies and health foods, store information inside and outside facility 500, and medical institutions around facility 500. If the target person is a facility provider, information indicating recommended actions may include, for example, instructions for ventilation, instructions for cleaning and disinfecting the facility 500, and information on how to guide users, while advertising information may include, for example, information on facility-related equipment such as temperature measuring devices and air purifiers, and information on their release and maintenance services. If the target is a supplier, the information indicating recommended actions may include, for example, information encouraging the sale of thermometers or air purifiers to a specific facility 500 when the quality of the atmosphere in the facility 500 has deteriorated, and the advertising information may include, for example, information about products such as disinfecting products and infection prevention products aimed at facility providers.

[0049] The advice information providing unit 203 is configured to output the advice information received from the advice information preparing unit 201 to at least one of an information terminal 301 used by the user and a display device 302 installed in the facility 500.

[0050] From the viewpoint of obtaining a higher advertising effect and behavior-inducing effect on the target person, it is preferable that the information processing device 200 is configured to provide the target person with the determined quality level together with the advice information. In this case, the advice information preparation unit 201 exchanges information about the quality level with the advice information provision unit 203, and the advice information provision unit 203 outputs the information to the information terminal 301 or the display device 302.

[0051] Furthermore, it is preferable that the information processing device 200 outputs at least one of the current value, predicted value, amount of change, maximum value within a predetermined period, and cumulative value within a predetermined period for the quality level. The current quality level value allows the quality of the atmosphere in the internal space 501 to be grasped at the present time. The predicted value allows the quality of the atmosphere after a predetermined time has elapsed to be grasped. The predicted value may be calculated, for example, from a moving average of the quality level over a predetermined period of time. The amount of change makes it possible to grasp, for example, a momentary deterioration in the atmosphere. The maximum value within a predetermined period of time makes it possible to grasp, for example, the value at which the quality of the atmosphere becomes the worst during the period that a user stays in the facility 500. The maximum value may be calculated by finding the highest quality level based on the transition of the quality level over the predetermined period of time. The cumulative value within a predetermined period of time makes it possible to grasp the amount of exposure to the atmosphere within facility 500 during the period that the user stays at facility 500. The cumulative value may be calculated, for example, by adding up a series of numerical values ​​of the quality level within the predetermined period of time. The predicted value, maximum value, amount of change, cumulative value, etc. of the quality level may be calculated based on the evaluation results obtained by the measuring device 100, which are sequentially transmitted to the information processing device 200 and stored in a database.

[0052] The information processing device 200 is configured with a computer. For example, it is configured with a processor, a storage medium, and a communication control unit so as to perform the above-described operations, and the specific configuration other than the above may be any known technology, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted here.

[0053] (Information terminal) The information terminal 301 is a terminal device used by the subject. Examples of the information terminal 301 include a smartphone, tablet, and laptop computer that have computer functions. FIG. 1 shows an information terminal 301a used by a facility user, an information terminal 301b used by a facility provider, and an information terminal 301c used by a supplier. Displaying advice information on these information terminals 301 can be performed using a conventionally known method. For example, when the subject accesses a server using the information terminal 301, the advice information can be displayed on the information terminal 301. For example, the information terminal 301 may have a predetermined application program (e.g., a web browser) installed to communicate with the information processing device 200 via the network 400 and process information obtained through the communication. When the subject executes the application program, the advice information can be displayed on the information terminal 301. Alternatively, the location information service of the information terminal 301 can be used to display the advice information on the information terminal 301 of a person within the facility 500. The content of the advice information to be displayed varies depending on the subject, for example, whether the subject is a facility user, a facility provider, or a supplier.

[0054] (display device) The display device 302 is configured to be able to display advice information from the information processing device 200, and is configured by, for example, a monitor, a tablet terminal, or the like. The advice information may be displayed on the display device 302 in the same manner as on the information terminal 301. For example, an application program (e.g., a web browser, etc.) may be installed on the display device 302, and advice information can be displayed by executing the application program. The display device 302 is installed in at least one of an interior space 501 within the facility 500 and outside the facility 500. In FIG. 1 , the display device 302 is installed in both the interior space 501 and outside the facility 500.

[0055] (2) Program Each function in the information providing system 1 described above is realized by the measurement device 100 and the information processing device 200 executing a predetermined program (including an application program). In other words, the predetermined program that realizes each function described above corresponds to an embodiment of a program for causing a computer to execute the program.

[0056] Specifically, the program of this embodiment is configured to cause a computer to execute an environmental measurement procedure that uses electrochemical techniques to measure target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere within the facility 500, and an information provision procedure that prepares advice information that matches the measurement results and provides it to target individuals, including at least one of facility users and facility providers.

[0057] The specified programs that realize each function may be provided by being stored on a recording medium (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, etc.) that can be read by the computer, as long as they can be installed in the measuring device 100 and the information processing device 200 as a computer, or they may be provided from outside via a network 400 such as the Internet or a dedicated line.

[0058] (3) Information provision method Next, an information providing method using the above-described information providing system will be described with reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a flow diagram of an environment measurement step of the information providing method according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of an information providing step of the information providing method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] The following describes an example in which amylase is measured as a target component in facility 500 and advice information is provided. Amylase is derived from human saliva, and the amount contained in aerosols in the atmosphere is an indicator of the quality of the environmental atmosphere.

[0060] The information provision method of this embodiment includes an environmental measurement step S10 and an information provision step S20. The environmental measurement step S10 includes a measurement device preparation step S11, an import step S12, a measurement step S13, and a judgment step S14. The information provision step S20 includes a judgment result acquisition step S21, a quality level determination step S22, an advice information preparation step S23, and an advice information output step S24.

[0061] Each step will be described in detail below.

[0062] (Measurement device preparation step S11) First, a reaction solution S for amylase measurement is prepared. For example, the reaction solution S is prepared by mixing amylose, which reacts with the target component amylase, as a first substance, water, preferably a pH buffer solution, as a solvent, glucose oxidase, which can oxidize glucose produced by hydrolysis of amylose in the reaction with amylase, as a third substance, and potassium ferricyanide as an electron mediator. This reaction solution S is placed in the reaction unit 110. Then, electrodes are immersed in the reaction solution S to prepare the measuring device 100.

[0063] (Import step S12) Next, the measuring device 100 containing the reaction liquid S is installed in the internal space 501 of the facility 500. At this time, it is preferable to arrange the reaction liquid S so that it is exposed to the ambient atmosphere. In this case, for example, the reaction liquid S may be placed in the reaction unit 110 and left exposed for a predetermined period of time. This allows aerosols in the atmosphere to be taken into the reaction liquid S. Note that air from the ambient atmosphere may be blown into the reaction liquid S in order to promote the intake of aerosols.

[0064] In reaction solution S, the following reactions occur depending on whether or not amylase is present in the aerosol that has been taken in. Specifically, if the aerosol contains amylase, the amylose and amylopectin in reaction solution S are hydrolyzed by the reaction with the amylase, producing a second substance, glucose. The glucose produced is oxidized by the oxidizing agent in reaction solution S. The oxidizing agent is reduced by contributing to the oxidation of glucose. On the other hand, if the aerosol does not contain amylase, glucose production does not proceed, and the amylose and amylopectin remain as they are.

[0065] The time for incorporating the aerosol into the reaction solution S is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to extend the incorporation time. The longer the incorporation time, the more reliably the aerosol in the atmosphere can be incorporated into the reaction solution S, thereby increasing the amount of amylase incorporated as the target component. The incorporation time also corresponds to the time for reacting amylase with amylose (hereinafter also referred to as the reaction time). By extending this time, amylose and amylopectin can be repeatedly hydrolyzed in the reaction solution S, thereby increasing the amount of glucose produced. Increasing the amount of glucose produced increases the amount of oxidizing agent contributing to the oxidation of glucose. This allows for highly sensitive measurements in the measurement step S13 described below. The incorporation time (reaction time) is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to set the time so that the amount of glucose produced is greater than the amount of amylase incorporated into the reaction solution S. The incorporation time corresponds to the exposure time from when the reaction solution S begins to be exposed to the ambient atmosphere until it is subjected to the measurement step S13 described below.

[0066] (Measurement process S13) Next, after allowing the atmosphere to be absorbed into the reaction solution S for a predetermined time, the reaction solution S is measured by an electrochemical method in the measurement unit 120 of the measurement device 100. Specifically, with the working electrode 121, counter electrode 122, and reference electrode 123 immersed in the reaction solution S, a positive voltage is applied to the working electrode 121 by the potential sweep unit 124. As a result, the oxidizing agent in a reduced state at the working electrode 121 is oxidized and returns to its original state. At this time, the electron mediator mediates the transfer of electrons between the oxidizing agent in a reduced state and the working electrode 121. The current measurement unit 125 measures the oxidation current flowing between the working electrode 121 and the counter electrode 122 due to the oxidation reaction occurring at the working electrode 121 by potential sweep.

[0067] The current value obtained in the measurement step S13 serves as an index showing the content of amylase contained in the aerosol taken into the reaction solution S per unit time.

[0068] (Judgment step S14) Next, the determination processing unit 131 of the determination unit 130 in the measurement device 100 determines whether or not amylase has been taken into the reaction solution S based on the measurement results from the measurement unit 120, specifically the oxidation current value acquired by the current measurement unit 125. For example, if an oxidation current value is detected, it is determined that amylase has been taken into the reaction solution S and that amylase is present in the environmental atmosphere. On the other hand, if an oxidation current value is not detected, it is determined that amylase is not present in the environmental atmosphere.

[0069] In the determination step S14, a threshold value for the oxidation current value may be set, and the quality of the environmental atmosphere may be determined based on the threshold value. By determining based on the threshold value, the quality of the environmental atmosphere may be determined with a certain degree of tolerance. Alternatively, a memory unit 132 may be provided in the determination processing unit 131, and the content of amylase contained in the reaction solution S may be quantified from a calibration curve based on the current value.

[0070] (Determination result acquisition step S21) Next, the determination result from the measurement device 100 is transmitted to the information processing device 200 via the network 400. As a result, the information processing device 200 acquires information about the determination result.

[0071] (Quality level determination process S22) Next, the advice information preparation unit 201 of the information processing device 200 determines the current value of the quality level of the atmosphere from the judgment result. Here, for example, if the presence or absence of amylase is judged in the judgment step S14, the quality level is determined as "0 (good)" if amylase is not present, and as "1 (poor)" if amylase is present. Also, for example, if the amylase is quantified in the judgment step S14, the quality level is determined in descending order according to the amount of amylase contained, that is, on a five-point scale from lowest to highest amylase content: "0 (very good)," "1 (good)," "2 (average)," "3 (caution)," and "4 (poor)."

[0072] (Advice information preparation step S23) Next, the information processing device 200 prepares advice information that matches the current value of the determined quality level. Specifically, the advice information database 202 is referenced to acquire advice information that matches the quality level determined by the advice information preparation unit 201. For example, if the quality level is "0 (good)", recommended actions and advertising information that match the quality level are acquired. The acquired advice information is then transmitted to the advice information providing unit 203. Note that the judgment result and quality level at a predetermined time may be stored and held in the advice information database 202, for example, or may be held in another storage medium.

[0073] In addition, in the advice information preparation step S23, advice information that matches the current value of the quality level may be prepared, as well as advice information that matches the predicted value, the amount of change, the maximum value within a specified period, and the accumulated value within a specified period.

[0074] (Advice information output step S24) Next, the advice information providing unit 203 of the information processing device 200 outputs the advice information to the information terminal 301 or the display device 302. In this way, advice information suited to the target person is provided. At this time, a quality level may be output together with the advice information.

[0075] Here, the information displayed on the information terminal 301 and the display device 302 will be specifically described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of advice information, where (a) shows the case for facility users and (b) shows the case for facility providers. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing another example of advice information, where (a) shows the case for facility users and (b) shows the case for facility providers.

[0076] In Fig. 5(a), for example, the quality level and a recommended action that the facility user should take as advice information are displayed on the facility user's information terminal 301a. As shown in Fig. 5(a), the facility user can understand the quality level (current value) of the atmosphere in the facility 500 from the information terminal 301a and refer to the recommended action for that quality level to refrain from entering the facility 500. In Fig. 5(b), for example, the quality level and a recommended action that the facility provider should take as advice information are displayed on the facility provider's information terminal 301b. As shown in Fig. 5(b), the facility provider can grasp the current value of the quality level and take measures such as ventilating the room by referring to the recommended action. In Fig. 6(a), for example, a predicted value of the quality level and advertising information for the facility user as advice information are displayed on the facility user's information terminal 301a. As shown in Fig. 6(a), the facility user can grasp the atmosphere at the time of using the facility 500 in advance from the predicted value of the quality level, and can also obtain information on preventive goods such as masks and disinfectants from the advertising information and take appropriate measures. In Fig. 6(b), for example, the predicted value of the quality level and advertising information for the facility provider as advice information are displayed on the information terminal 301b of the facility provider. As shown in Fig. 6(b), the facility provider can grasp the atmosphere in advance from the predicted value of the quality level, and can also obtain information about facility-related equipment and its maintenance from the advertising information.

[0077] In this way, it is possible to provide facility users and facility providers with recommended actions and advertisements according to the quality of the atmosphere within facility 500. Furthermore, since the quality of the atmosphere can be measured in each of multiple internal spaces 501, it is possible to provide facility users staying in each internal space 501 with advice information according to the quality of each. Furthermore, it is possible to divide facility 500 into multiple internal spaces 501 and provide facility providers with advice information according to the quality of each.

[0078] As described above, the quality of the atmosphere within the facility 500 can be determined by electrochemical measurement, and advice information based on the results, such as recommended actions and product advertisements, can be provided to facility users and facility providers.

[0079] From the viewpoint of constantly monitoring the quality of the atmosphere in the facility 500, it is advisable to replace the reaction solution S every time the target component is measured, and repeat the above-described series of steps at intervals.

[0080] <Effects of this embodiment> According to this embodiment, one or more of the following effects are achieved.

[0081] (a) According to this embodiment, since an electrochemical method is used in the environmental measurement step S10, the quality of the atmosphere in the facility 500 can be grasped from an actually measured objective fact, namely, the current response of amylase derived from human saliva, rather than from an analogy based on the population density, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. Therefore, the advice information provided to the subject in the information provision step S20 has high reliability, and produces a high advertising effect and behavior-inducing effect on the subject.

[0082] (b) In the environmental measurement step S10, since an electrochemical method is used, the measurement can be performed on the spot and in a very short time, i.e., almost in real time. Therefore, the advice information provided to the subject in the information provision step S20 can be very meaningful to the subject.

[0083] (c) According to the measuring device 100 used in the environmental measurement step S10, aerosols floating in the environmental atmosphere are first introduced into the reaction solution S. As a result, if amylase is contained in the aerosols, the amylase can be captured in the reaction solution S. The captured amylase hydrolyzes amylose and other molecules in the reaction solution S to produce glucose. This glucose is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent, which contributes to the oxidation and becomes reduced. Then, an electrochemical method is used to measure the oxidation current value generated when the reduced oxidizing agent is oxidized back to its original state. This oxidation current value corresponds to the amount of oxidizing agent that contributed to the oxidation of glucose, and corresponds to the amount of amylase that contributed to the production of glucose. Therefore, based on the oxidation current value, it is possible to selectively and easily determine whether amylase is contained in the aerosols in the environmental atmosphere.

[0084] (d) The measuring device 100 used in the environmental measurement step S10 has a simple structure, and can be made small, lightweight, and inexpensive, making it easy to place a large number of them in multiple internal spaces 501 within the facility 500. This makes it possible to measure the quality of the atmosphere within the facility 500 with high spatial resolution. As a result, the advice information provided to the subject in the information provision step S20 can be very meaningful to the subject.

[0085] (e) According to this embodiment, the current value, predicted value, amount of change, maximum value within a predetermined period, and cumulative value within a predetermined period can be determined for the quality level of the atmosphere within the facility 500. These values ​​allow the quality of the atmosphere to be understood from multiple angles, including not only the current quality but also future predictions. This can further enhance the behavior-inducing effect and advertising effect of the advice information provided to the target person.

[0086] (f) It is preferable to place the measuring device 100 so that the reaction liquid S is contained in the reaction unit 110 and the reaction liquid S is exposed to the ambient atmosphere. This allows the components contained in the aerosol suspended in the ambient atmosphere to be measured simply by placing the measuring device 100 in the ambient atmosphere. In other words, the ambient atmosphere can be evaluated more easily.

[0087] (g) It is preferable that the reaction solution S further contains an electron mediator, and that the oxidation current value is measured in the presence of the electron mediator. The electron mediator promotes the transfer of electrons between the oxidized oxide and the working electrode 121, and allows for more accurate measurement of the oxidation current value that flows between the electrodes in association with the oxidation reaction at the working electrode 121.

[0088] (h) It is preferable that the reaction solution S contains amylose and amylopectin in excess of the amount of amylase taken up. This allows the amylase to repeatedly hydrolyze amylose and the like, thereby increasing the amount of glucose produced. As a result, sensitivity is increased in the measurement step S13, allowing for accurate measurement.

[0089] (i) The reaction solution S preferably contains an excess amount of electron mediator relative to the amount of amylase taken up. This facilitates the transfer of electrons by the electron mediator in the measurement step S13, enabling more accurate measurement of the oxidation current flowing between the working electrodes 121 as a result of the oxidation reaction at the electrodes.

[0090] (j) The reaction time from the uptake step S12 to the measurement step S13 is preferably set so that the amount of glucose produced is greater than the amount of amylase taken up. If the aerosol contains only trace amounts of amylase, an excessively short reaction time will result in an extremely small amount of glucose produced, and measurement with high sensitivity in the measurement step S13 may not be possible. In this regard, by extending the reaction time so that the amount of glucose produced is greater than the amount of amylase taken up, the current response in the measurement step S13 can be amplified, allowing measurement with high sensitivity.

[0091] <Other embodiments> Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0092] In the above embodiment, a case has been described in which advice information is provided to a target person in a single facility 500 divided into a plurality of internal spaces 501, but the present invention is not limited to this. Advice information may be exchanged across a plurality of facilities 500 via the network 400.

[0093] In the above embodiment, the measuring unit 120 is described as a three-electrode type, but the present invention is not limited to this. The measuring unit 120 may be a two-electrode type, and may be configured to include, for example, a working electrode and a counter electrode that also serves as a reference electrode.

[0094] In the above embodiment, the measurement of amylase derived from saliva as the target component has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The target component can also be a component that has neuraminidase in its chemical structure. Examples of such components include pathogens such as influenza viruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which have neuraminidase on their surface. Methods for measuring these components are described below.

[0095] First, a reaction solution for pathogen measurement is prepared by mixing a solvent, sialyllactose and lactase as the first substance, glucose oxidase as the third substance, and potassium ferricyanide as the electron mediator.

[0096] The reaction solution is placed in the reaction unit 110 to prepare the measuring device 100, which is then placed in the internal space 501 of the facility 500. This allows aerosols present in the ambient atmosphere to be incorporated into the reaction solution. If influenza virus is present in the aerosol, neuraminidase present on the surface of the influenza virus reacts with sialyllactose in the reaction solution to produce lactose. This lactose then reacts with lactase in the reaction solution to produce glucose and galactose. As in the above-described embodiment, glucose oxidase contributes to the oxidation of glucose, resulting in reduction. The oxidation current generated when the reduced glucose oxidase returns to its original state is measured. Based on this current, it is possible to determine whether influenza virus has been incorporated into the reaction solution, i.e., to determine the presence or absence of influenza virus in the ambient atmosphere. Alternatively, the memory unit 132 of the measuring device 100 can quantify the amount of neuraminidase in the reaction solution from a calibration curve based on the oxidation current. In other words, compounds containing neuraminidase in their chemical structures, such as influenza viruses, can be selectively and easily measured. As a result, the quality of the atmosphere in the facility 500 can be grasped and advice information based on this quality can be provided, which can produce a high advertising effect and a high action induction effect on the target person.

[0097] <Preferred aspects of the present disclosure> Preferred aspects of the present disclosure are described below.

[0098] (Appendix 1) an environmental measurement step of measuring target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere of the facility using a measurement device by an electrochemical method; and an information providing step of preparing advice information that matches the measurement results using an information processing device that has acquired the measurement results from the measurement device, and providing the advice information to subjects including at least one of users of the facility and providers of the facility. Information provision method.

[0099] (Appendix 2) The environmental measurement step includes: (a) preparing a reaction solution containing a first substance that reacts with the target component; (b) taking in the aerosol into the reaction liquid, causing the target component to react with the first substance, and generating a second substance; (c) oxidizing or reducing the second substance in the presence of a third substance; (d) determining the presence or absence of the target component in the aerosol based on a current value generated by returning the third substance, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation or reduction of the second substance, to its original state by an electrochemical method. The information provision method described in Appendix 1.

[0100] (Appendix 3) the target component is amylase derived from saliva contained in the aerosol, the first substance is at least one of amylose and amylopectin; In the step (b), an aerosol containing the amylase is introduced into the reaction solution, and the first substance is hydrolyzed by the amylase to produce glucose as the second substance; In the step (c), the glucose is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent as the third substance; and (d) determining the presence or absence of the amylase in the aerosol based on a current value generated by returning the oxidizing agent, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation of the glucose, to its original state by an electrochemical method. The information provision method described in Appendix 2.

[0101] (Appendix 4) the target component is a component having neuraminidase in its chemical structure, the first substance is sialyllactose and lactase; In the step (b), an aerosol containing a component having the neuraminidase is introduced into the reaction solution, the neuraminidase is hydrolyzed to lactose by the sialyllactose, and glucose is produced as the second substance from the lactose by the lactase; In the step (c), the glucose is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent as the third substance; and (d) determining the presence or absence of the neuraminidase in the aerosol based on a current value generated by returning the oxidizing agent, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation of the glucose, to its original state by an electrochemical method. The information provision method described in Appendix 2.

[0102] (Appendix 5) The component having neuraminidase is at least one of influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The information provision method described in Appendix 4.

[0103] (Appendix 6) The information providing step includes: (e) determining a quality level of the atmosphere based on the measurement results obtained from the measurement device; (f) preparing information conforming to the quality level as the advice information; (g) outputting the advice information to at least one of an information terminal used by the subject and a display device installed in the facility. 1. An information provision method according to any one of appendices 1 to 5.

[0104] (Appendix 7) In the step (g), the current value of the quality level is output together with the advice information. The information provision method described in Appendix 6.

[0105] (Appendix 8) In the step (g), the amount of change in the quality level per unit time is output together with the advice information. The information provision method described in Appendix 6.

[0106] (Appendix 9) In the step (g), the predicted value of the quality level is output together with the advice information. The information provision method described in Appendix 6.

[0107] (Appendix 10) In the step (g), a maximum value of the quality level within a predetermined period is output together with the advice information. The information provision method described in Appendix 6.

[0108] (Appendix 11) In the step (g), a cumulative value of the quality level within a predetermined period is output together with the advice information. The information provision method described in Appendix 6.

[0109] (Appendix 12) The advice information includes information indicating a recommended action that the subject should take. The information provision method described in Appendix 6.

[0110] (Appendix 13) The advice information includes advertising information targeted to the target person. The information provision method described in Appendix 6.

[0111] (Appendix 14) In the step (b), the measurement device is disposed so that the reaction solution is exposed to the ambient atmosphere. An information provision method according to any one of Appendices 2 to 13.

[0112] (Appendix 15) the reaction solution further contains an electron mediator; In the step (d), the changed third substance is returned to its original state by an electrochemical method in the presence of an electron mediator. An information provision method according to any one of appendices 2 to 14.

[0113] (Appendix 16) the reaction solution contains the first substance in an excess amount relative to the target component; An information provision method according to any one of appendices 2 to 15.

[0114] (Appendix 17) the reaction solution contains the electron mediator in an excess amount relative to the target component; 17. An information provision method according to any one of appendices 2 to 16.

[0115] (Appendix 18) (b) is performed until the amount of the second substance produced becomes greater than the amount of the target component. An information provision method according to any one of appendices 2 to 17.

[0116] (Appendix 19) In the step (d), a threshold value of the current value is set, and the quality of the environmental atmosphere is determined based on the predetermined threshold value. An information provision method according to any one of appendices 2 to 18.

[0117] (Appendix 20) a measuring device that measures target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere within the facility using an electrochemical method; and an information processing device that acquires measurement results from the measurement device, prepares predetermined advice information that matches the measurement results, and provides the information to subjects including at least one of users and providers of the facility. Information provision system.

[0118] (Appendix 21) The measuring device is a reaction unit configured to accommodate a reaction liquid containing a first substance that reacts with the target component and to incorporate the aerosol into the reaction liquid; a measurement unit that measures the reaction solution by an electrochemical method; a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of the target component in the aerosol based on the result of the measurement unit, In the reaction section, when the aerosol is taken into the reaction solution, a second substance is generated by a reaction between the target component and the first substance, and the second substance is oxidized or reduced in the presence of a third substance; The measurement unit is configured to measure a current value generated by returning the third substance, which has changed by contributing to the oxidation or reduction of the second substance in the reaction solution, to its original state by an electrochemical method. 20. The information provision system according to claim 20.

[0119] (Appendix 22) the target component is amylase derived from saliva contained in the aerosol, the first substance is at least one of amylose and amylopectin; In the reaction section, glucose is produced as the second substance by a reaction between the first substance and amylase, and the glucose is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent as the third substance; the measurement unit measures a current value generated by returning the oxidizing agent, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation of the glucose, to its original state by an electrochemical method; The determination unit evaluates the presence or absence of the amylase in the aerosol based on the current value. 21. The information provision system described in Appendix 21.

[0120] (Appendix 23) the target component is a component having neuraminidase in its chemical structure, the first substance is sialyllactose and lactase; In the reaction section, lactose is produced by a reaction between the neuraminidase and the sialyllactose, and glucose is produced as the second substance by a reaction between the lactose and the lactase, and the glucose is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent as the third substance; the measurement unit measures a current value generated by returning the oxidizing agent, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation of the glucose, to its original state by an electrochemical method; the determination unit evaluates the presence or absence of the neuraminidase in the aerosol based on the current value. 21. The information provision system described in Appendix 21. [Explanation of symbols]

[0121] 1 Information provision system 100 Measuring Device 110 Reaction section 120 Measuring section 121 Working electrode 122 Opposite 123 Reference electrode 124 Potential sweep section 125 Current measurement section 130 Judgment section 131 Judgment processing unit 132 Storage section 140 Control Unit S reaction solution 200 Information processing device 201 Advice Information Preparation Department 202 Advice Information Database 203 Advice and Information Department 301(301a~301c) Information terminal 302 Display Device 400 Network 500 facilities 501 Interior Space

Claims

1. an environmental measurement step of measuring target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere of the facility using a measurement device by an electrochemical method; and an information providing step of preparing advice information that matches the measurement results using an information processing device that has acquired the measurement results from the measurement device, and providing the advice information to subjects including at least one of users of the facility and providers of the facility. Information provision method.

2. The environmental measurement step includes: (a) preparing a reaction solution containing a first substance that reacts with the target component; (b) taking in the aerosol into the reaction liquid, causing the target component to react with the first substance, and generating a second substance; (c) oxidizing or reducing the second substance in the presence of a third substance; (d) determining the presence or absence of the target component in the aerosol based on a current value generated by returning the third substance, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation or reduction of the second substance, to its original state by an electrochemical method. The information providing method according to claim 1 .

3. the target component is amylase derived from saliva contained in the aerosol, the first substance is at least one of amylose and amylopectin; In the step (b), an aerosol containing the amylase is introduced into the reaction solution, and the first substance is hydrolyzed by the amylase to produce glucose as the second substance; In the step (c), the glucose is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent as the third substance; and (d) determining the presence or absence of the amylase in the aerosol based on a current value generated by returning the oxidizing agent, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation of the glucose, to its original state by an electrochemical method. The information providing method according to claim 2.

4. the target component is a component having neuraminidase in its chemical structure, the first substance is sialyllactose and lactase; In the step (b), an aerosol containing a component having the neuraminidase is introduced into the reaction solution, the neuraminidase is hydrolyzed to lactose by the sialyllactose, and glucose is produced as the second substance from the lactose by the lactase; In the step (c), the glucose is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent as the third substance; and (d) determining the presence or absence of the neuraminidase in the aerosol based on a current value generated by returning the oxidizing agent, which has been changed by contributing to the oxidation of the glucose, to its original state by an electrochemical method. The information providing method according to claim 2.

5. The information providing step includes: (e) determining a quality level of the atmosphere based on the measurement results obtained from the measurement device; (f) preparing information conforming to the quality level as the advice information; (g) outputting the advice information to at least one of an information terminal used by the subject and a display device installed in the facility.

5. The information providing method according to claim 1.

6. In the step (g), the current value of the quality level is output together with the advice information. The information providing method according to claim 5.

7. In the step (g), the amount of change in the quality level per unit time is output together with the advice information. The information providing method according to claim 5.

8. In the step (g), the predicted value of the quality level is output together with the advice information. The information providing method according to claim 5.

9. In the step (g), a maximum value of the quality level within a predetermined period is output together with the advice information. The information providing method according to claim 5.

10. In the step (g), a cumulative value of the quality level within a predetermined period is output together with the advice information. The information providing method according to claim 5.

11. The advice information includes information indicating a recommended action that the subject should take. The information providing method according to claim 5.

12. The advice information includes advertising information targeted to the target person. The information providing method according to claim 5.

13. a measuring device that measures target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere within the facility using an electrochemical method; and an information processing device that acquires measurement results from the measurement device, prepares predetermined advice information that matches the measurement results, and provides the information to subjects including at least one of users and providers of the facility. Information provision system.

14. An information processing device that obtains measurement results from a measuring device that uses electrochemical techniques to measure target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere within a facility, prepares specified advice information that matches the measurement results, and provides it to target individuals, including at least one of the users and providers of the facility.

15. An environmental measurement procedure for measuring target components contained in aerosols in the atmosphere of the facility using electrochemical techniques; an information providing procedure for preparing advice information that matches the results of the measurement and providing it to subjects including at least one of users of the facility and providers of the facility; A program that causes a computer to execute the following.

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