Vibration measurement system and vibration measurement method

Abstract

To provide a vibration measurement system capable of suppressing degradation of measurement accuracy caused by a state change such as damping.SOLUTION: A vibration measurement system includes: a vibration sensor positioned within an area containing a range of a connection part between piping and a support member in a displacement restriction direction of the piping; a data recording device for recording vibration measurement data measured by the vibration sensor; and a processing device for calculating a vibration state of the piping using the vibration measurement data recorded in the data recording device.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration measurement system and a vibration measurement method for measuring vibrations of a pipe supported by a support member. [Background technology]

[0002] Piping used in factory facilities such as power plant facilities generates vibrations due to fluids flowing inside and devices connected to the piping. When designing piping structures, measures such as avoiding resonance against vibrations are taken into consideration. However, if vibrations not anticipated in the prior design of the piping structure occur, the pipe may be damaged. To prevent pipe damage, it is necessary to detect the vibration state of the pipe before damage occurs. For example, a method has been proposed in which impact vibrations applied to the pipe are recorded by a vibration sensor attached to the outer surface of the covering material (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Another method has been proposed in which a member pressed against a support member of the pipe changes the vibration state of the pipe, thereby avoiding vibration conditions that could lead to damage (see, for example, Patent Document 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-132358 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-92170 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, in the method disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the vibration sensor is attached to the outer surface of the covering material, and therefore the vibration sensor measures vibrations that have been subjected to state changes such as attenuation by the covering material. Furthermore, the method disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 does not specify the location or method of installing the vibration sensor. It is assumed that the vibration of the pipe changes depending on the type of support member. For this reason, the vibration sensor measures the vibration that has undergone state changes such as vibration attenuation by the support member. When there are changes in state such as damping, the vibration state of the pipe and the vibration measured by the vibration sensor tend to diverge, which reduces the measurement accuracy of the pipe vibration measurement.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a vibration measurement system and a vibration measurement method that can suppress a decrease in measurement accuracy that accompanies state changes such as damping.

[0006] The above and other objects of the present invention and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The vibration measurement system of the present invention measures vibrations in a pipe supported by a support member that restricts the displacement direction of the pipe. The vibration measurement system includes a vibration sensor arranged in an area that includes the range of the connection between the pipe and the support member in the displacement restriction direction of the pipe, a data recording device that records vibration measurement data measured by the vibration sensor, and a calculation device that calculates the vibration state of the pipe based on the vibration measurement data recorded in the data recording device.

[0008] The vibration measurement method of the present invention measures vibrations of a pipe supported by a support member that constrains the displacement direction. The vibration measurement method acquires vibration measurement data in a direction along the displacement constraint direction of the pipe using a vibration sensor arranged in the displacement constraint direction of the pipe, records the vibration measurement data measured by the vibration sensor, and calculates the vibration state of the pipe based on the recorded vibration measurement data. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a vibration measurement system and a vibration measurement method that can suppress a decrease in measurement accuracy that accompanies state changes such as damping.

[0010] Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will become clear from the following description of the embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vibration measuring system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 2 is an axial cross section of the piping, the support member, and the vibration sensor shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the arrangement of vibration sensors in the vibration measurement system of the second embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the arrangement of vibration sensors in a vibration measurement system according to a third embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vibration waveform acquired by a vibration sensor. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a result of analysis of a vibration waveform by a computing device. [Figure 7] 1 is a flowchart of a vibration measurement method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Hereinafter, examples of embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The explanation will be given in the following order. 1. First embodiment of vibration measurement system 2. Second embodiment of vibration measurement system 3. Third embodiment of vibration measurement system 4. Embodiment of vibration measurement method

[0013] An example of a vibration measurement system and a vibration measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following example. In the drawings described below, common components are given the same reference numerals. Furthermore, in the drawings used in this specification, identical or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals, and repeated explanations of these components may be omitted.

[0014] 1. First embodiment of vibration measurement system A first embodiment of the vibration measurement system will be described. Fig. 1 shows a pipe to be measured and a schematic diagram of the vibration measurement system according to the first embodiment. Fig. 1 is a view of the pipe and the vibration measurement system as seen from the side (x-axis direction, which will be described later). Fig. 1 also shows a cross section of only the pipe.

[0015] As shown in FIG. 1, the pipe 1 has a covering material 2 on its outer periphery. The covering material 2 has, for example, a heat insulating material 21 on its inner periphery and an exterior material 22 on the outer periphery of the heat insulating material 21. The pipe 1 is supported by a support member 4. The pipe 1 is connected to and held by the support member 4 to the floor or wall of the building in which the pipe 1 is installed. The covering material 2 is removed from the portion of the pipe 1 supported by the support member 4. Therefore, the pipe 1 and the support member 4 are in direct contact with each other. The pipe 1 is made of, for example, metal or resin. The support member 4 is also made of, for example, metal or resin. Note that other components may be interposed between the pipe 1 and the support member 4 as long as they do not affect the accuracy of the vibration measurement. For example, in a configuration in which the influence of state changes such as damping is small, a buffer material such as resin or rubber, or a coating film may be interposed.

[0016] A vibration measurement system 10 that measures vibrations of the pipe 1 is connected to the support member 4. The vibration measurement system 10 includes a vibration sensor 5, a data recording device 11, a computing device 12, a display device 13, and a storage device 14. The vibration sensor 5 is placed in contact with the surface of the support member 4 and measures vibrations on the contact surface of the support member 4. There are no particular limitations on the vibration sensor 5, and any known measuring device can be used as long as it is capable of measuring vibrations on the support member 4 on which it is placed. Examples of the vibration sensor 5 that can be used include a piezoelectric acceleration pickup and a semiconductor mechanical vibrometer. When the vibration sensor 5 is a contact-type measuring device, it is attached directly to the support member 4, as shown in Figure 1. When a non-contact measuring device such as an optical vibrometer is used as the measurement method for the vibration sensor 5, the vibration sensor 5 does not need to be attached directly to the surface of the support member 4.

[0017] The data recording device 11 records vibration measurement data measured by the vibration sensor 5. The data recording device 11 is an observation device that digitally processes and stores signal records, and a conventionally known data logger or the like can be used. The calculation device 12 calculates the change in the vibration state based on the data recorded by the data recording device 11. The calculation device 12 can be configured by a known calculation device or the like. The display device 13 displays the measurement results calculated by the arithmetic unit 12. The display device 13 is configured with a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). The display device 13 displays the calculation results of the arithmetic unit 12, visualized information of data recorded by the data recording device 11, and other information related to the vibration measurement system 10. In addition, various input, editing, and support operations for the vibration measurement system 10 are performed on the display screen of the display device 13. These operations on the display screen are processed by the arithmetic unit 12. The storage device 14 stores the measurement results calculated by the calculation device 12. The storage device 14 is configured with an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a semiconductor memory, etc. The storage device 14 may store data such as program data and various setting data, and data such as various threshold values ​​used to detect abnormal vibrations.

[0018] The data recording device 11 and the arithmetic device 12 can each be configured using a known arithmetic device. In the above-described embodiments, the vibration measurement system 10 is described with the data recording device 11, the arithmetic device 12, and the storage device 14 each being a separate arithmetic device. However, these may be implemented as functional components within a single arithmetic device. The arithmetic device may include, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), read-only memory (ROM), and random access memory (RAM). The CPU is an example of a arithmetic unit related to the vibration measurement system 10. The CPU centrally controls the operation of each unit of the vibration measurement system 10. The CPU reads program code related to various processes of the vibration measurement system 10 from a ROM (an example of a recording medium) and loads it into the RAM. The CPU then controls the vibration measurement system 10 in accordance with the loaded program. Instead of a CPU, the vibration measurement system 10 may include another arithmetic unit, such as an MPU (microprocessing unit), as its arithmetic unit. Furthermore, each arithmetic unit may have a communication interface. The communication interface is configured, for example, by a network interface card (NIC) or a modem, and establishes a connection with a communication partner device via a network such as a LAN, and executes transmission and reception of various data. Each arithmetic unit is connected to other arithmetic units via the communication interface, and transmits and receives information.

[0019] [Vibration sensor installation location] Next, Fig. 2 shows an axial cross section of the pipe 1, support member 4, and vibration sensor 5 shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the pipe 1 as well as the support member 4 that supports the pipe 1. Fig. 2 also shows a horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51, a vertical measurement vibration sensor 52, and a pipe axial direction measurement vibration sensor 53 as vibration sensors 5 installed on the support member 4. In the following description, when there is no need to distinguish between the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51, the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52, and the pipe axial direction measurement vibration sensor 53, they will simply be referred to as vibration sensors 5.

[0020] (Structure of support member) The support member 4 shown in Figure 2 is a frame-type rigid support structure used for supporting piping in general plants, as described in the "Seismic Support Policy for Equipment and Piping" issued by the Nuclear Regulation Authority. The structure of this support member 4 restrains the piping 1 in three directions: the axial direction and two directions perpendicular to the axis of the piping 1.

[0021] The support member 4 has a support column 40 connected and fixed to the floor or wall of the building, and a displacement restraint member 41 provided between the support column 40 and the pipe 1. The displacement restraint member 41 includes a displacement restraint member 41x that connects the pipe 1 to the support column 40 in the x-axis direction, and a displacement restraint member 41y that connects the pipe 1 to the support column 40 in the y-axis direction. In the following description, when there is no need to distinguish between the displacement restraint member 41x and the displacement restraint member 41y, they will simply be referred to as displacement restraint member 41. Displacement restraint member 41 restrains displacement of pipe 1 in three mutually perpendicular directions: the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. Here, the z-axis is the axial direction of pipe 1, i.e., the direction of fluid flow within pipe 1. The x-axis is any direction on a plane perpendicular to the z-axis. The y-axis is a direction perpendicular to both the x-axis and the z-axis. In Figure 2, as an example, the x-axis is horizontal to the ground and the y-axis is vertical.

[0022] In the horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the pipe 1 (the x-axis direction in FIG. 2), the pipe 1 is connected to the support member 4 via a displacement restraint member 41x. In the vertical direction perpendicular to the axis of the pipe 1 (the y-axis direction in FIG. 2), the pipe 1 is connected to the support member 4 via a displacement restraint member 41y, just as in the x-axis direction. In the axial direction of the pipe 1 (the z-axis direction in FIG. 2), the cross section of the pipe 1, the surface of the support 40 on the xy plane side, and the surfaces of the displacement restraint members 41x and 41y on the xy plane side are arranged parallel to one another. Displacement restraint member 41 is connected to each of pipe 1 and support column 40 by, for example, welding or mechanical fastening, so as to restrain the displacement of the other. Here, displacement refers to a change in the relative position between pipe 1 and support column 40. Displacement of pipe 1 and support column 40 in the x-axis direction, y-axis direction, and z-axis direction is restrained by displacement restraint member 41.

[0023] (Vibration sensor installation location) The vibration sensor 5 is disposed in the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1 in an area including the range of the connection between the pipe 1 and the support member 4. Fig. 2 shows connection ranges 7x and 7y between the pipe 1 and the support member 4. Fig. 2 also shows connection range 7x between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41x, which is the support member 4, and connection range 7y between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41y.

[0024] The horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is arranged in an area including the connection range 7x between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41x in the displacement restraint direction by the displacement restraint member 41x. In other words, the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is arranged on the support 40 in an area including the connection range 7x between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41x in the x-axis direction, which is the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1.

[0025] In particular, it is preferable that the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 be arranged on an extension line 6x in the displacement constraint direction from the axial center of the pipe 1. The displacement of the pipe 1 and the support column 40 in the x-axis direction is constrained by a displacement constraint member 41x. Therefore, the vibration of the pipe 1 is transmitted to the support column 40 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Therefore, the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Furthermore, outside the connection range 7x, the greater the distance between the connection position of the displacement constraint member 41x and the support column 40, the greater the influence of resonance, attenuation, and other factors caused by the support column 40. For this reason, it is preferable that the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 be arranged in the displacement constraint direction within the connection range 7x.

[0026] The horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 may be installed not only on the side surface (y-z plane) of the support 40 shown in FIG. 2, but also in the displacement constraint direction within the connection range 7x. For example, it may be installed on the x-y plane of the displacement constraint member 41x. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an area 51a on the x-y plane of the displacement constraint member 41x where the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 can be placed. When the displacement constraint member 41x is linear, each surface of the displacement constraint member 41 is on an extension of the displacement constraint direction in the y-z plane of the connection range 7x, so this area includes the range of the connection between the pipe 1 and the support member 4. Therefore, even when the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is placed in area 51a, it can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as damping.

[0027] The horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 can also be installed on the xy plane 51b of the support 40. Figure 2 shows an example of an area 51b on the xy plane of the support 40 where the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 can be placed. When the xy plane of the support 40 is the same plane as the xy plane of the displacement restraint member 41x, the xy plane of the support 40 is an extension of the displacement restraint direction of the yz plane of the connection range 7x, and is therefore an area that includes the range of the connection between the pipe 1 and the support member 4. Therefore, even when the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is placed in area 51b, it can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as damping.

[0028] Furthermore, when a non-contact measuring instrument is used as the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51, the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 can be installed at a position away from the support member 4. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an area 51c on the yz plane of the support column 40a, which is independent from the support member 4, where the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 can be installed. The area 51c is located on the support column 40a, on an extension line 6x in the displacement constraint direction from the axial center of the pipe 1. The area 51c may be located in an area including the connection range 7x between the pipe 1 and the support member 4 (displacement constraint member 41) in the displacement constraint direction of the pipe 1. The support column 40a is a separate structure whose displacement state can be considered independent from that of the support member 4. Therefore, by installing a non-contact measuring instrument such as a laser displacement meter in the area 51c and measuring the vibration of the support column 40, the vibration of the pipe 1 can be measured without changes in the vibration state, such as damping.

[0029] The vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52 is arranged in an area including the connection range 7y between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41y in the displacement restraint direction by the displacement restraint member 41y. In other words, the vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52 is arranged on the support 40 in an area including the connection range 7y between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41y in the y-axis direction, which is the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1. In particular, it is preferable that the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 be disposed on an extension line 6y in the displacement constraint direction from the axial center of the pipe 1. The displacement of the pipe 1 and the support 40 in the y-axis direction is constrained by a displacement constraint member 41y. Therefore, the vibration of the pipe 1 is transmitted to the support 40 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Therefore, the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Furthermore, outside the connection range 7y, the greater the distance from the connection position of the displacement constraint member 41y and the support 40, the greater the influence of resonance and attenuation caused by the support 40. For this reason, it is preferable that the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 be disposed in the displacement constraint direction within the connection range 7y.

[0030] The vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 may be installed not only on the side surface (y-z plane) of the support 40 shown in FIG. 2, but also in the displacement constraint direction within the connection range 7y. For example, it may be installed on the x-y plane of the displacement constraint member 41y. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an area 52a on the x-y plane of the displacement constraint member 41y where the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 can be placed. When the displacement constraint member 41y is linear, each surface of the displacement constraint member 41 is on an extension of the displacement constraint direction in the y-z plane of the connection range 7y, so this area includes the range of the connection between the pipe 1 and the support member 4. Therefore, even when the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 is placed in area 52a, it can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as damping.

[0031] The vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 can also be installed on the xy plane 52b of the support 40. Figure 2 shows an example of an area 52b on the xy plane of the support 40 where the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 can be arranged. When the xy plane of the support 40 is the same plane as the xy plane of the displacement restraint member 41y, the xy plane of the support 40 is on an extension of the displacement restraint direction of the yz plane of the connection range 7y, and is therefore an area that includes the range of the connection between the pipe 1 and the support member 4. Therefore, even when the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 is arranged in area 52b, it can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as damping. Furthermore, when a non-contact type measuring device is used as the vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52, it may be placed on a structure (not shown), such as a separate support pillar, whose displacement state can be considered independent from that of the support member 4, as in the above-mentioned area 51c. In this case, the vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52 only needs to be placed in an area that includes the range of the connection range 7y between the pipe 1 and the support member 4 (displacement restraint member 41) in the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1.

[0032] The pipe axis direction measurement vibration sensor 53 is installed on the z-axis plane (xy plane) of the displacement restraint member 41x near the pipe 1. Because the axial center of the pipe 1 is inside the pipe 1, the pipe axis direction measurement vibration sensor 53 cannot be arranged in the displacement restraint direction of the axial center. For this reason, the pipe axis direction measurement vibration sensor 53 is arranged on the support member 4 that restrains the displacement of the pipe 1 in the z-axis direction. In FIG. 2, the pipe axis direction measurement vibration sensor 53 is arranged in the connection range 7x between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41x, in the displacement restraint direction by the displacement restraint member 41x. Furthermore, the pipe axis direction measurement vibration sensor 53 is arranged on the displacement restraint member 41x in an area that includes the connection range 7x between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41x in the x-axis direction, which is the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1.

[0033] The displacement of the pipe 1 in the z-axis direction is restrained by the displacement restraint members 41x and 41y. Therefore, the vibration of the pipe 1 in the z-axis direction is transmitted to the displacement restraint members 41x and 41y without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Therefore, the pipe axial direction measuring vibration sensor 53 can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. The pipe axis direction measuring vibration sensor 53 may be installed not only in the z-axis plane (xy plane) of the displacement restraint member 41x shown in FIG. 2 but also in the displacement restraint direction of the area including the connection ranges 7x and 7y on the support member 4 that restrains the displacement of the pipe 1 in the z-axis direction. For example, it may be installed in areas 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, etc., where the vibration sensor 5 can be installed. The pipe axis direction measuring vibration sensor 53 can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without changes in the vibration state, such as damping, even when it is installed in areas 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b or at the position of the horizontal direction measuring vibration sensor 51 or the vertical direction measuring vibration sensor 52.

[0034] By arranging the vibration sensors 5 as shown in the above embodiment, vibrations in the three axial directions of the pipe 1 can be measured by the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51, the vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52, and the pipe axial direction measurement vibration sensor 53, respectively. By arranging the vibration sensors 5 in the above positions, it is possible to obtain vibration measurement data that does not involve state changes such as attenuation. Therefore, the vibration measurement system 10 can suppress a decrease in the accuracy of vibration measurement of the pipe 1 due to state changes such as attenuation.

[0035] In the above embodiment, an example is described in which three sensors, horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51, vertical measurement vibration sensor 52, and pipe axis direction measurement vibration sensor 53, are used, but at least one vibration sensor 5 is sufficient. For example, if an acceleration sensor or the like is used as vibration sensor 5, one vibration sensor 5 can detect vibrations in three directions, the x-axis direction, y-axis direction, and z-axis direction. Therefore, in vibration measurement system 10, at least one vibration sensor 5 is required to be disposed in an area including the connection range between pipe 1 and displacement restraint member 41 in the displacement restraint direction of pipe 1, where the vibration of pipe 1 can be measured without changes in the vibration state, such as damping.

[0036] In addition to the above-described frame-type rigid support, other support members 4 that restrain the displacement of the pipe 1 in three mutually perpendicular directions include, for example, anchor supports and U-bands. Even when these support members are used, the vibration sensor 5 is installed in an area that includes the range of the connection between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41 in the direction in which the displacement of the pipe 1 is restrained, just like the frame-type rigid support shown in Fig. 2. In this way, even when support members such as anchor supports and U-bands are used, it is possible to configure a vibration measurement system 10 that can achieve the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above.

[0037] In addition, the design of typical piping structures takes into account measures such as avoiding vibration resonance, and the layout of equipment and support members supporting the piping is optimized to prevent damage even when the piping is continuously subjected to vibrations expected to occur during operation. However, if the flow rate or flow velocity of the fluid in the piping changes from a steady state due to operating conditions, vibrations not anticipated in the design may occur. Furthermore, in an actual plant, vibrations not anticipated in the design may occur if the support members are not positioned as designed or if vibrations are generated due to natural disasters such as earthquakes. By using the vibration measurement system of the first embodiment described above, abnormal vibrations can be detected before piping damage occurs, even when vibrations not anticipated in the prior study occur or when the placement of support members supporting the piping is not optimized. This makes it possible to avoid plant shutdowns due to piping damage and reduce costs for repairing or replacing piping.

[0038] 2. Second embodiment of vibration measurement system Next, a second embodiment of the vibration measurement system will be described. The vibration measurement system of the second embodiment differs from the vibration measurement system of the first embodiment described above only in the arrangement of the vibration sensors, which is due to a change in the configuration of the support member for the pipe. Therefore, in the following, a description of the same configuration as the vibration measurement system of the first embodiment will be omitted.

[0039] Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of vibration sensors 5 in a vibration measurement system 10 of the second embodiment. Fig. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of a pipe 1. Note that the configuration of the pipe and the vibration measurement system in the vibration measurement system 10 of the second embodiment in the side direction (x-axis direction) is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 described above.

[0040] The vibration measurement system 10 shown in FIG. 3 has a horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 and a vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52 as vibration sensors 5 installed on the support member 4. The support member 4 shown in Figure 3 has a U-bolt structure that restrains the piping 1 of a typical plant in two directions perpendicular to the axis, as described in the "Seismic Support Policy for Equipment and Piping" issued by the Nuclear Regulation Authority. The structure of this support member 4 restrains the piping 1 in two directions perpendicular to the axis (x-axis direction and y-axis direction).

[0041] The support member 4 includes a support column 40 connected to and fixed to the floor or wall of a building, and a displacement restraint member 41 provided between the support column 40 and the pipe 1. The displacement restraint member 41 is, for example, a metal plate or a metal rod bent into a U shape and arranged to surround the pipe 1 in the transverse direction. The displacement restraint member 41 is not welded or mechanically fastened to the pipe 1. Therefore, the pipe 1 is attached to the support member 4 so as to be displaceable in the z-axis direction. The displacement restraint member 41 restrains the displacement of the pipe 1 in the transverse direction 2, which is the x-y plane direction perpendicular to the z-axis. In FIG. 3 , the x-axis is horizontal to the ground and the y-axis is vertical, as examples of the transverse direction 2 in which displacement is restrained. Note that the transverse direction 2 in which displacement is restrained is not limited to the x-axis and y-axis, but can be any two directions perpendicular to each other.

[0042] The vibration sensor 5 is arranged in a region including the connection range 7 between the pipe 1 and the support member 4 in the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1. That is, the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is arranged in a region including the connection range 7 between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41 in the x-axis direction, which is the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1. The vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 is arranged in the y-axis direction, which is the region including the connection range 7 between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41 in the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1. Furthermore, the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is preferably disposed on an extension line 6x in the displacement restraint direction from the axial center of the pipe 1. The vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 is preferably disposed on an extension line 6y in the displacement restraint direction from the axial center of the pipe 1. The vertical measurement vibration sensor 52 may be disposed on a support 40 on the extension line 6y. In addition, when non-contact measuring instruments are used as the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 and the vertical measurement vibration sensor 52, the measuring instruments may be installed on a separate, independent support at a position away from the support member 4, as shown in Figure 2 above.

[0043] Displacement in the x-axis direction of the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41 is restrained. Therefore, the vibration of the pipe 1 is transmitted to the displacement restraint member 41 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Therefore, the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Furthermore, the displacement of the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41 in the y-axis direction is restrained. Therefore, the vibration of the pipe 1 is transmitted to the displacement restraint member 41 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Therefore, the vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52 can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation.

[0044] By arranging the vibration sensors 5 as shown in the above embodiment, vibrations in two axial directions of the pipe 1 can be measured by the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 and the vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52, respectively. In the above embodiment, an example is described in which two vibration sensors 5, namely, the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 and the vertical direction measurement vibration sensor 52, are used, but at least one vibration sensor 5 is sufficient. In addition to the above-mentioned U-bolt, other support members 4 that restrain the displacement of the pipe 1 in two mutually perpendicular directions include, for example, spring hangers and constant hangers. These support members do not restrain the installation direction of the support member (displacement restraint member), but restrain in two directions perpendicular to the installation direction of the support member (displacement restraint member). With these support members, by installing a vibration sensor near the connection point between the pipe and the support member in a direction that measures vibrations in two directions perpendicular to the installation direction of the support member, it is possible to similarly measure vibrations in the two axial directions of the pipe.

[0045] 3. Third embodiment of vibration measurement system Next, a third embodiment of the vibration measurement system will be described. The vibration measurement system of the third embodiment differs from the vibration measurement systems of the first and second embodiments described above only in the arrangement of the vibration sensors, which is due to a change in the configuration of the pipe support member. Therefore, in the following, a description of the same configuration as the vibration measurement systems of the first and second embodiments will be omitted.

[0046] Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of vibration sensors 5 in a vibration measurement system 10 of the third embodiment. Fig. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of a pipe 1. Note that the configuration of the pipe and the vibration measurement system in the vibration measurement system 10 of the third embodiment in the side direction (x-axis direction) is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 described above.

[0047] The vibration measurement system 10 shown in FIG. 4 has a horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 as the vibration sensor 5 installed on the support member 4. The support member 4 shown in Figure 4 has a rod restraint structure that restrains the piping 1 in the transverse direction (x-axis direction) of a typical plant, as described in the "Seismic Support Policy for Equipment and Piping" issued by the Nuclear Regulation Authority. The structure of this support member 4 restrains the piping 1 in the transverse direction (x-axis direction).

[0048] The support member 4 has a support column 40 connected and fixed to the floor or wall of the building, and a displacement restraint member 41 provided between the support column 40 and the pipe 1. The displacement restraint member 41 restrains displacement in the installation direction of the displacement restraint member 41 (x-axis direction), which is the axial direction 1. The displacement restraint member 41 also has spherical structures on both ends. The spherical structures on both ends of the displacement restraint member 41 allow the pipe 1 to displace in the y-axis direction and the z-axis direction. In FIG. 4, the x-axis is taken as an example of the axial direction 1 in which displacement is restrained, and is horizontal to the ground. Note that the axial direction 1 in which displacement is restrained is not limited to the x-axis and can be any direction.

[0049] The vibration sensor 5 is arranged in an area including the connection range 7 between the pipe 1 and the support member 4 in the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1. In other words, the horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is arranged in an area including the connection range 7 between the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41 on the support 40 in the x-axis direction, which is the displacement restraint direction of the pipe 1. The horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 is preferably arranged on an extension line 6x in the displacement restraint direction from the axial center of the pipe 1. The horizontal measurement vibration sensor 51 may also be arranged on the displacement restraint member 41. The horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 may be installed not only on the side surface (yz plane) of the support 40 shown in Fig. 4 but also in the displacement constraint direction within the connection range 7x. For example, it may be installed on the xy plane of the displacement constraint member 41 or on the xy plane of the support 40. Furthermore, when a non-contact type measuring device is used as the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51, the measuring device may be installed on a separate support at a position away from the support member 4, as shown in Fig. 2 above.

[0050] Displacement in the x-axis direction of the pipe 1 and the displacement restraint member 41 is restrained. Therefore, the vibration of the pipe 1 is transmitted to the displacement restraint member 41 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation. Therefore, the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 can measure the vibration of the pipe 1 without any change in the vibration state, such as attenuation.

[0051] By arranging the vibration sensor 5 as shown in the above embodiment, it becomes possible to measure vibrations in one axial direction of the pipe 1 with the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 . In the above embodiment, an example has been described in which only the horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor 51 is used as the vibration sensor 5, but at least one vibration sensor 5 is sufficient, and two or more sensors may be provided. In addition to the rod restraint described above, other support members 4 that restrain the displacement of the pipe 1 in one direction include, for example, oil snubbers and mechanical snubbers. In these support members, similar effects can be obtained by installing a vibration sensor in the direction of restraining the displacement of the pipe 1 within the connection area 7 between the pipe 1 and the support member 4, just like the rod restraint shown in Fig. 4.

[0052] 4. Embodiment of Vibration Measurement Method Next, an embodiment of a vibration measurement method using the vibration measurement system described above will be described. Note that in the following description of the vibration measurement method, the components of the vibration measurement system of the first to third embodiments described above will be used as appropriate.

[0053] [Waveform analysis] Fig. 5 shows an example of a vibration waveform acquired by the vibration sensor 5 of the vibration measurement system 10. Fig. 6 shows an example of an analysis result of the vibration waveform shown in Fig. 5 by the arithmetic device 12 of the vibration measurement system 10.

[0054] Fig. 5 is a graph showing, as time history data, the vibration waveforms acquired by the vibration sensor 5 and recorded in the data recording device 11. In Fig. 5, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents vibration amplitude. Generally, vibrations of the piping 1 acquired by the vibration sensor 5 in a steady state have a constant period and a constant amplitude, as shown in the range before time t in Fig. 5. On the other hand, as shown after time t in Fig. 5, the vibration state of the pipe 1 changes due to changes in the flow rate and flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe 1 caused by changes in operating conditions, external vibration, etc. In the example shown in Fig. 5, the amplitude of the pipe 1 acquired by the vibration sensor 5 increases after time t. In other words, at time t, the pipe 1 is affected by changes in operating conditions, external vibration, etc., and the vibration state of the pipe 1 changes. As shown in Fig. 5, the vibration measurement system 10 can detect changes in the vibration state of the pipe 1 based on the time history vibration measurement data acquired by the vibration sensor 5 and recorded in the data recording device 11. Then, the calculation device 12 shown in Fig. 1 performs calculations on the waveform shown in Fig. 5 to determine whether the amplitude exceeds the threshold value allowed in a steady state. In this way, the vibration measurement system 10 can detect abnormal vibrations in the pipe 1 before they break.

[0055] Fig. 6 is an example of time history data obtained by frequency analysis of the vibration waveform shown in Fig. 5 above. The time history data shown in Fig. 6 is the result of, for example, frequency analysis performed by the computing device 12 on the time history vibration measurement data recorded in the data recording device 11 using a known analysis algorithm. The graph shown in Fig. 6 is an example of application of short-time Fourier transform processing or the like to the vibration measurement data shown in Fig. 5 above. In Fig. 6, three orthogonal axes represent time, vibration amplitude, and frequency.

[0056] In the example shown in Figure 6, the amplitude and frequency are constant before time t. After time t, the amplitude and frequency change due to changes in the flow rate and flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe 1 caused by changes in operating conditions, external vibrations, and the like. In this way, by performing frequency analysis on the vibration measurement data acquired by the vibration sensor 5, the vibration measurement data can be converted into other data in a different format. This makes it easy to detect changes in the vibration state, detect abnormal vibrations, and perform more accurate data analysis. The calculation device 12 then determines whether the analysis data shown in Fig. 6 exceeds the threshold of the amplitude that is allowable in a steady state. This allows the vibration measurement system 10 to detect abnormal vibrations before the pipe 1 is damaged.

[0057] [Flowchart of vibration measurement method] Next, Fig. 7 shows a flowchart of a method for measuring vibration of the pipe 1 using the vibration measurement system 10. Fig. 7 is a flowchart for determining deviation from a steady state in detecting vibration of the pipe 1.

[0058] First, the vibration measurement system 10 acquires vibration measurement data of the piping 1 using the vibration sensors 5 (step S101). If multiple vibration sensors 5 are provided, vibration measurement data is acquired from each of the vibration sensors 5. The vibration measurement data acquired by the vibration sensors 5 is then stored in the data recording device 11. The data recording device 11 stores the vibration measurement data acquired from the vibration sensors 5 as time history data, linking it to the time of measurement.

[0059] Next, the arithmetic unit 12 reads out the vibration measurement data from the data recording device 11 and performs frequency analysis processing (step S102). For example, the arithmetic unit 12 performs frequency analysis processing on the time history vibration measurement data stored in the data recording device 11 by applying short-time Fourier transform processing or the like. Then, the arithmetic unit 12 acquires frequency analysis data as a result of the wave number analysis process (step S103).

[0060] Next, the arithmetic device 12 determines whether the frequency in the acquired frequency analysis data is permissible (step S104). The arithmetic device 12 compares the frequency of the frequency analysis data with a preset frequency threshold value, and determines whether the frequency of the vibration of the piping 1 is a permissible value. For example, the arithmetic device 12 sets a frequency for avoiding resonance of the piping 1 as a threshold value, and determines whether the frequency of the frequency analysis data is permissible with respect to this threshold value.

[0061] If the frequency is permissible (Yes in step S104), the calculation device 12 determines whether the amplitude in the acquired frequency analysis data is permissible (step S105). The calculation device 12 compares the amplitude of the frequency analysis data with a preset amplitude threshold value, and determines whether the amplitude of the vibration of the piping 1 is a permissible value.

[0062] The frequency or amplitude value can be compared with a threshold value within any range. For example, values ​​above or below, or below or exceeding, the upper and lower limit values ​​may be allowed, and values ​​within or outside the range between the upper and lower limit values ​​may be allowed.

[0063] If the amplitude is permissible (Yes in step S105), the calculation device 12 determines that the vibration of the pipe 1 is in a steady state (step S106). If the calculation device 12 determines that the vibration of the pipe 1 is in a steady state, it outputs a result that the vibration of the pipe 1 is in a steady state. For example, the calculation device 12 outputs the result in a state where it is displayed on the display device 13 and can be visually confirmed. Furthermore, the calculation device 12 stores the result in the storage device 14.

[0064] If the frequency is not permissible (No in step S104) or the amplitude is not permissible (No in step S105), the calculation device 12 determines that the vibration of the pipe 1 is deviating from the steady state (step S107). If the calculation device 12 determines that the vibration of the pipe 1 is deviating from the steady state, it outputs a result of the vibration state change in which the vibration of the pipe 1 is deviating from the steady state. For example, the calculation device 12 outputs the result in a state where it is displayed on the display device 13 and can be visually confirmed. The calculation device 12 also stores the result in the storage device 14. After the process of step S106 or step S107, the process according to this flowchart ends.

[0065] The configuration of the vibration measurement system 10 and the vibration measurement method using the vibration measurement system 10 described above enable vibration measurement of the piping 1 using the vibration sensor 5 attached to the support member 4. This allows for early detection of changes in the vibration state, even when vibrations not anticipated in advance studies occur due to changes in operating conditions or natural disasters such as earthquakes. As a result, it is possible to take early measures to prevent vibration before damage occurs and to take subsequent measures such as replacing and repairing components, thereby shortening the plant downtime.

[0066] Note that this embodiment illustrates the basic requirements of a piping vibration measurement system, and specific components and means are not limited thereto, and may be replaced with other structures or methods that achieve the same effects. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail to clearly explain the present invention, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to an embodiment that includes all of the described configurations. Furthermore, it is possible to replace part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment. It is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. It is also possible to delete part of the configuration of each embodiment, or to add or replace other configurations. [Explanation of symbols]

[0067] 1 Piping, 2 Covering material, 4 Support member, 5 Vibration sensor, 6x, 6y Extension line in displacement restraint direction, 7, 7x, 7y Connection range, 10 Vibration measurement system, 11 Data recording device, 12 Calculation device, 13 Display device, 14 Storage device, 21 Heat insulating material, 22 Exterior material, 40, 40a Support, 41, 41x, 41y Displacement restraint member, 51 Horizontal direction measurement vibration sensor, 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b Area, 52 Vertical direction measurement vibration sensor, 53 Pipe axial direction measurement vibration sensor

Claims

1. A vibration measurement system for measuring vibration of a pipe supported by a support member that restricts the displacement direction, a vibration sensor disposed in an area including a range of a connection portion between the pipe and the support member in a displacement restraint direction of the pipe; a data recording device that records vibration measurement data measured by the vibration sensor; a calculation device that calculates the vibration state of the piping based on the vibration measurement data recorded in the data recording device; Vibration measurement system.

2. The data recording device records time history data of amplitude as the vibration measurement data. The vibration measurement system of claim 1 .

3. The computing device detects a change in vibration state from the time history data. The vibration measurement system of claim 2 .

4. The vibration sensor is a contact type and is installed on the support member. The vibration measurement system of claim 1 .

5. The vibration sensor is a non-contact type and is installed at a position away from the support member. The vibration measurement system of claim 1 .

6. The support member has a support column and a displacement restraint member disposed between the support column and the piping, which restrains the relative positions of the support column and the piping. The vibration measurement system of claim 1 .

7. The vibration sensor is disposed on an extension line from the central axis of the piping in the displacement restraint direction. The vibration measurement system of claim 1 .

8. A vibration measurement method for measuring vibration of a pipe supported by a support member that restricts the displacement direction, comprising: a vibration sensor disposed in the displacement restraint direction of the piping to acquire vibration measurement data in a direction along the displacement restraint direction of the piping; Recording vibration measurement data measured by the vibration sensor, Calculate the vibration state of the piping based on the recorded vibration measurement data. Vibration measurement methods.

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