Wheel

Abstract

To realize space saving in an automobile loaded with a battery, etc., to raise a degree of freedom of design in the automobile, etc. and to provide a power control method or a power control system which can efficiently use power.SOLUTION: A power control system of a mobile object is constituted by comprising: a vehicle body; a first battery; a second battery; and a control unit. The control unit acquires states of charge of the first battery and the second battery, determines whether or not difference in the remaining capacity of each of the first battery and the second battery exceeds a predetermined value, and performs control to transmit power between the first battery and the second battery to approximate the remaining capacity when the difference in the remaining capacity exceeds the predetermined value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 18

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to a moving object. One aspect of the present invention relates to an automobile. The present invention relates to a power control system, a power control method, and a program for a mobile body or an automobile. do.

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wheel. 2. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power storage device. One aspect relates to a secondary battery.

[0003] Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields. The technical field of one aspect of the present invention is not only automobiles and other moving objects, but also semiconductor devices, display devices, and the like. devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, storage devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, input / output devices, Examples of the method for driving these or the method for manufacturing them include: [Background technology]

[0004] In recent years, technology that uses battery power to power automobiles has been attracting attention. The vehicle may be, for example, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), an electric vehicle (EV), or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PEV). Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are also available.

[0005] Furthermore, lithium-ion batteries are being developed for use in automobiles. An example of a lithium ion battery is a battery that has at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-9418 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] In automobiles equipped with batteries for power generation, it is extremely important to increase the driving distance. However, there are issues such as the volume of the battery. Due to this problem, there was a limit to the capacity of the battery that could be installed in a car. In such cases, it is necessary to install a battery with sufficient capacity due to the problem of compressing the living space. was difficult.

[0008] One aspect of the present invention is to achieve space saving in a mobile body such as a battery-equipped automobile. Another object of the present invention is to increase the degree of freedom in the design of moving objects such as automobiles. This is one of the challenges.

[0009] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently charging a battery in a mobile object such as a car equipped with a battery. The object of the present invention is to provide a power control method or a power control system that can utilize the power of It shall be one of the following.

[0010] Another object is to provide a new power control method or a new power control system. Or, a new vehicle, a new wheel for a vehicle, a new automobile, or a new automobile One of the objectives is to provide a wheel for a car. One of the objectives is to provide a power system.

[0011] The description of these problems does not preclude the existence of other problems. One embodiment does not necessarily solve all of these problems. It is possible to extract other issues from the claims and other descriptions. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] One aspect of the present invention is a vehicle having a vehicle body, a first battery, a second battery, and a control unit. The control unit controls the charging status of the first battery and the second battery. The control unit also has a function of acquiring the first battery and the second battery. and determine whether the difference in remaining capacity between the two batteries exceeds a predetermined value, and When the remaining capacity of the first battery is close to that of the second battery, It has a function to control the transmission of power.

[0013] Further, the control unit controls the first battery and the second battery when the vehicle body is stationary or in a free-running state. It is preferable to have a function to control the transfer of power between the second battery.

[0014] In the above, it is preferable that the device further comprises a power control unit, a braking control unit, and a motor. The motor control unit has a function of controlling the motor so that the motor generates electricity during braking. The control unit has a function of transmitting the generated power to the first battery. The power control unit controls the power supply to either the first battery or the second battery. It has the function of

[0015] Alternatively, in the above, it is preferable that the device further comprises a power control unit, a braking control unit, and a motor. The braking control unit has a function of controlling the motor so that the motor generates electricity during braking. The first battery has a function of transmitting the generated power to the power control unit. and the second battery, and the remaining charge of the first battery and the second battery is acquired. The power control unit has a function of controlling the power control unit so that power is supplied to the device with the least amount of storage capacity.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention is a vehicle body, a wheel, a first battery, a second battery, and The present invention relates to an electric power control system for an automobile having a first battery and a control unit. The second battery is mounted on the vehicle body. The control unit controls the first battery and The control unit has a function of acquiring the charging state of the first battery and the second battery. The remaining capacity of each of the two batteries is determined to be greater than a predetermined value. If the difference in the remaining capacity exceeds a predetermined value, the first battery is and the second battery.

[0017] Further, the control unit controls the first battery and the second battery when the vehicle body is stationary or in a free-running state. It is preferable to have a function to control the transfer of power between the second battery.

[0018] In addition, it is preferable that the above-mentioned device has a power control unit, a braking control unit, and a motor. The control unit has a function of controlling the motor so that the motor generates electricity during braking. The control unit has a function of transmitting the generated power to the power control unit. The control unit gives priority to the first battery. The power control unit has a function of controlling the power control unit so as to supply power to the

[0019] In addition, instead of the power control unit in the above, a first power control unit and a second power control unit are provided. It is preferable that the first power control unit has a function of controlling charging and discharging of the first battery. The second power control unit has a function of controlling the charging and discharging of the second battery. The first power control unit and the second power control unit are connected to each other so as to transmit power therebetween. It is preferable.

[0020] In the above, the motor is preferably mounted on a wheel.

[0021] Furthermore, the wheel or moving body that can be used in the power control system is, for example, The following configuration can be used:

[0022] One aspect of the present invention is a power transmission device including a rim portion, a disk portion, a battery, and a first power transmission mechanism. The battery is provided inside the rim or along the surface of the rim. The first power transmission mechanism is provided in the disk unit and is electrically connected to the battery. It continues.

[0023] In the above, the battery is a secondary battery sealed with a film and has a strip shape. It is preferable that the rim portion has a cylindrical shape and is wound around the cylindrical portion of the rim portion. At this time, the battery must be wound more than once around the cylindrical part of the rim. It is preferable that the sensor is provided in such a state.

[0024] Alternatively, in the above, a structure having a plurality of batteries each having a cylindrical or columnar shape is provided. It may also be composed.

[0025] In the above, the first power transmission mechanism is preferably a connector having contacts. Alternatively, the first power transmission mechanism may have a function of transmitting and receiving power wirelessly. is preferred.

[0026] Another aspect of the present invention is a moving body or a vehicle to which the wheel can be attached. The vehicle includes a vehicle body, a power control unit, and a second power transmission mechanism. The power transmission mechanism has a function of electrically connecting to the first power transmission mechanism. a function of controlling the charging and discharging of the battery via the second power transmission mechanism and the first power transmission mechanism; It is preferable to have

[0027] In the above, the second power transmission mechanism does not lose electrical connection with the first power transmission mechanism even when it rotates. It is preferable that the connector has a function of maintaining a proper connection. The device preferably has a function of transmitting and receiving power wirelessly. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] According to one aspect of the present invention, a space saving is achieved in a mobile body such as a vehicle equipped with a battery. Alternatively, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom in designing moving objects such as automobiles. Or, in a mobile object such as a car equipped with a battery, it is possible to use power efficiently. It is possible to provide a power control method or a power control system that can A power control method or a power control system can be provided. A wheel for a vehicle, a new automobile, or a new automobile wheel may be provided; or A novel power supply system applicable to mobile objects such as automobiles can be provided.

[0029] The description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. An embodiment does not necessarily have all of these effects. It is possible to extract other effects from the description of the claims and the like. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating an operation method of the power control system according to the embodiment. [Figure 5] 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating an operation method of the power control system according to the embodiment. [Figure 7] 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating an operation method of the power control system according to the embodiment. [Figure 9] 3A to 3C are diagrams illustrating a method of anti-skid control according to an embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power control system according to an embodiment. [Figure 16] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a wheel according to an embodiment. [Figure 17] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a wheel according to an embodiment. [Figure 18] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a wheel according to an embodiment. [Figure 19] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a wheel according to an embodiment. [Figure 20] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a wheel according to an embodiment. [Figure 21] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a vehicle body and a wheel according to an embodiment. [Figure 22] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a vehicle body and a wheel according to an embodiment. [Figure 23] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a moving object according to an embodiment. [Figure 24] 1A and 1B illustrate a structure of a secondary battery according to an embodiment. [Figure 25] 1A and 1B illustrate a structure of a secondary battery according to an embodiment. [Figure 26] 1A to 1C illustrate a method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to an embodiment. [Figure 27] 1A to 1C illustrate a method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to an embodiment. [Figure 28] 1A to 1C illustrate a method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to an embodiment. [Figure 29] 1A to 1C illustrate a structure and a manufacturing method of a secondary battery according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] The embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is based on the following embodiments. The present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the contents of the preceding paragraph.

[0032] In the configuration of the invention described below, the same parts or parts having similar functions are The same reference numerals are used in common between different drawings, and repeated explanations thereof will be omitted. When referring to a function, the hatch pattern may be the same and no particular symbol may be assigned.

[0033] In each figure described in this specification, the size, layer thickness, or area of ​​each component is The figures may be exaggerated for clarity and are not necessarily limited to that scale. stomach.

[0034] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are used to avoid confusion of components. The number is not a numerical limitation.

[0035] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, a power control method and a power control system according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. In addition, in this embodiment, one of the mobile objects to which the power control method according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied is described. An example of the configuration of an automobile or the like will be described.

[0036] The power control system according to one aspect of the present invention is a power control system for a mobile object (e.g., an automobile) having a vehicle body and wheels. The vehicle body is provided with at least a control unit. The control unit may, for example, The configuration may include a computing device (computer), a storage device, and the like.

[0037] Moreover, the power control system according to one aspect of the present invention has at least two batteries. The batteries may be mounted on the body or on the wheels. It is preferable to provide a battery for each.

[0038] Furthermore, the power control system according to one aspect of the present invention is capable of transmitting power between a plurality of batteries. It is preferable to have a configuration in which this is possible.

[0039] The power control system according to one aspect of the present invention preferably includes a motor as a power source. In addition, the power control system according to one aspect of the present invention generates regenerative power by the motor. It is preferable that the power be supplied to a plurality of batteries and that the batteries be rechargeable. stomach.

[0040] The power control system according to one aspect of the present invention is configured to convert regenerative power from a motor into a predetermined battery. The regenerated power is supplied to the battery with the lowest remaining charge (remaining It is possible to selectively supply power to a battery with low (also called low) storage capacity.

[0041] Furthermore, in the system according to one aspect of the present invention, when there is a difference in the remaining charge amount between the batteries, the difference Power can be transferred between batteries to reduce the It is preferable to carry out the measurement when the moving object is stationary or in a free-running state. , the period when the motor is not generating power, in other words, when the battery power is being supplied to the motor. It is preferable to transfer power between the batteries during periods when the battery is not in use.

[0042] By using a system capable of such operation, one or more of the multiple batteries can be The battery is in a fully charged state and a fully discharged state (including the state with the least amount of charge within the battery's operating range). The secondary battery that can be used as a battery can be It is known that continued charging or extremely low charge can accelerate deterioration. Therefore, the system according to one aspect of the present invention can suppress deterioration of the battery. , maintenance frequency such as battery replacement is reduced, or maintenance-free. It is possible to provide a mobile object such as a vehicle.

[0043] In addition, one aspect of the present invention is to perform such operations by a control unit or a computer that the control unit has. The program to be executed by the controller is stored in a memory provided within the controller or separately from the controller. The control unit reads the program from the storage device and executes it. It can be done.

[0044] The power transmission system according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a moving body such as an automobile. A vehicle is one type of moving body. Examples of automobiles include passenger cars, trucks, buses, and civil engineering vehicles. This also includes special vehicles such as work vehicles and crane trucks. applies not only to four-wheeled vehicles but also to unicycles, two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles or vehicles with five or more tires. As a two-wheeled vehicle, it can be equipped with two wheels at the front and rear of the body like a motorcycle. Alternatively, two tires may be provided on the side of the vehicle body facing each other. Or, bicycles, electric bicycles, power-assisted bicycles, airplane tires, Suitable for helicopter tires, vertical take-off and landing aircraft tires, amphibious vehicles, tanks, etc. It is also possible.

[0045] The power transmission system according to one embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to a moving body that does not use tires. For example, it can be used for the wheels of vehicles that travel along rails. For example, such vehicles include railways (including electric trains, steam locomotives, etc.), roads, It can be used for trams, cable cars, etc.

[0046] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention can also be applied to a toy that resembles the above-mentioned moving object.

[0047] More specific examples of power control systems, power control methods, and programs are described below. This will be explained with reference to the drawings.

[0048] [System configuration example] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system 80 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] The system 80 includes a vehicle body 50, a wheel 10a, a wheel 10b, and a wheel 70. The vehicle body 50 includes a control unit 61, a power control unit 62a, a power control unit 62b, and a power control unit 71. , a braking control unit 66, a battery 65, etc. The wheel 10a also includes a motor 64a and The wheel 10b has a motor 64b and a battery 20b. The wheel 70 also functions as a driven wheel.

[0050] Here, the vehicle to which the system 80 is applied is an electric vehicle (E V: Electric Vehicle or Electrical Vehicle ) is applied.

[0051] The control unit 61 has the function of controlling power, controlling electricity, and also performing various electronic controls. Specifically, the control of the power control unit 62a, the power control unit 62b, and the power control unit 71, the braking control unit The control unit 61 can control the electronic control unit 66. ric Control Unit or Engine Control Unit Depending on the driving method of the vehicle, EV, HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) and so on can be used. rid Electric Vehicle), or PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) It is preferable to apply an ECU with functions specific to a road vehicle.

[0052] The motor 64a and the motor 64b rotate the wheel 10a or the wheel 10b. The motor 64a is a device that generates power for the motor 64a. The motor 64a is supplied with power from the power control unit 62a. Similarly, the motor 64b can generate power in response to the power control unit 62b. Power can be generated depending on the power supplied by the

[0053] In addition, the motor 64a and the motor 64b rotate the wheel 10a or generates electric power from the rotational energy of the wheel 10b, and controls the power control unit 62a or the power control This function is called a power regeneration function. The power regeneration operation of the motor 64a and the motor 64b is controlled by the control unit 61 and the braking control unit 62. It is controlled by unit 66.

[0054] The power control unit 62a, the power control unit 62b, and the power control unit 71 are respectively connected to the control unit 61. The power control unit 62a, the power control unit 62b, and the power control unit 71 are controlled by It has a function of controlling the charging and discharging of the battery 20a, the battery 20b, or the battery 65. Specifically, the battery 20a, the battery 20b, or the battery 65 outputs power. and supplying power to the battery 20a, the battery 20b, or the battery 65. The power control unit 62a, the power control unit 62b, and the power control unit 71 have the functions of: It is preferable that the power supply has a function of adjusting (transforming) voltage.

[0055] For example, the power control unit 62a and the power control unit 62b are each a boost circuit (converter) and a conversion circuit (inverter), and a computer that controls these. The converter converts the power supplied from the battery 20a and the battery 20b into a voltage. This is a circuit that boosts the voltage to a voltage that drives the motor 64a or the motor 64b. The motor converts DC voltage into AC voltage for driving the motor 64a or the motor 64b. In addition, as a power regeneration function, the motor 64a or the motor 64b is A conversion circuit that converts the output AC voltage into a DC voltage, a battery 20a, a battery 20b It is preferable that the battery has a voltage step-down circuit or the like for stepping down the voltage to a voltage for charging the battery.

[0056] Similarly to the power control unit 62a, the power control unit 71 includes a boost circuit, a step-down circuit, an inverter, and It can be configured to have a computer that controls the power supply, a power supply, a power converter, etc. In this case, the power control unit 71 directly supplies power to the motors 64a and 64b. Therefore, the voltage of the power supplied from the battery 65 is controlled by the power control unit 62a, the power control unit 62b or other components.

[0057] Here, the power control unit 62a, the power control unit 62b, and the power control unit 71 mutually control the power. The power supply is connected to the power supply via a power transmission line so that the power can be transmitted. As a result, the charged power is transferred between the battery 65, the battery 20a, and the battery 20b. It will be possible to give and receive.

[0058] The braking control section 66 has a function of controlling braking. Physical brakes that use hydraulic pressure, such as brake pads or drum brakes (hereinafter referred to as physical brakes) and an electric brake (hereinafter referred to as an electric brake) that uses the load required to rotate the motor. In order to add power regeneration functionality, Using an electric brake, the electromotive force (also called regenerative power) generated by the rotation of the motor Here, both the physical brake and the electrical brake can be used. Preferably, a combined braking system is used for the braking control section 66.

[0059] Here, the braking control unit 66 combines a physical brake using hydraulic pressure or the like and an electrical brake. In combination, it has the function of braking the wheels 10a and 10b. The rake has the function of braking the wheel 70.

[0060] The control unit 61 is configured to control the brake operation input by the driver and the vehicle status (speed, direction of travel, It calculates how much braking torque is required for each wheel depending on the vehicle's position, etc. When a physical brake and an electrical brake are used in combination, the control unit 61 controls the brakes of these two brakes. The distribution of torque to be generated by the brake is calculated. Then, the control unit 6 1 controls the braking control section 66, so that braking operation can be performed without any discomfort.

[0061] In addition, the system 80 is applied to a vehicle having a motor mounted on the wheel. This configuration can also be called an in-wheel motor. do.

[0062] The motor, battery, and power control unit involved in driving one wheel are all integrated into one unit. For example, when focusing on the wheel 10a, the motor 64a, the The battery 20a and the power control unit 62a correspond to one unit. The power for driving the device is supplied to the battery 20a via the power control unit 62a. The regenerated power generated by the motor 64a is supplied to the battery 20a via the power control unit 62a. In this way, a motor, a battery, and a power control unit are provided for each wheel. This improves power transmission efficiency and reduces power loss.

[0063] Here, an example in which the wheel 10a has a motor 64a and a battery 20a will be described. However, it is not limited to this, and either one of the motor 64a and the battery 20a, or Both may be provided on the vehicle body 50, or the power control unit 62a may be mounted on the wheel 10a. It may also be used.

[0064] [Example of operation] An example of a method of operation of a power control system according to one aspect of the present invention will now be described.

[0065] [Main flow] FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of the operation method of the power control system. ) is mainly executed by the control unit 61.

[0066] First, in step S01, the system is started. For example, when a car is started, or This corresponds to the state in which the user has set the system to be enabled.

[0067] Next, in step S02, it is determined whether or not regenerative power is supplied. When regenerative power is supplied, it is determined whether or not the electric brake is used. If regenerative power is not being supplied, the process proceeds to step S03. .

[0068] In step S03, it is determined whether the vehicle is stationary or running. If the vehicle is stationary or in a free-running state, the process proceeds to step SR02; otherwise, If not, the process proceeds to step S04.

[0069] Here, the stationary state means, for example, a state in which the automobile is stationary relative to the ground, and the motor The idle state is when the motor 64a, etc. are not generating power. The motor 64a is not powering the robot. In other words, in the free-running state, the car is moving due to inertia. It can also be said that the object is moving.

[0070] The stationary state and the idle state are states in which the power required for power is not consumed, and the power This can also be expressed as a state in which no power is being generated by regeneration.

[0071] Here, after the process SR01 is completed and after the process SR02 is completed, step S0 Move to 4.

[0072] In step S04, it is determined whether or not to terminate the system. If the system is not running, go to step S02. Transition again to.

[0073] This concludes the explanation of the main flow.

[0074] [Power regeneration operation 1] FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of the process SR01. The process SR01 is a process for power regeneration. The following operations (control) are mainly executed by the control unit 61.

[0075] First, in step S11, the power regeneration operation is started.

[0076] In step S12, the remaining capacity of each battery is checked.

[0077] In the example shown in FIG. 1, the charging of the battery 20a, the battery 20b, and the battery 65 Check the power status.

[0078] In step S13, it is determined whether or not regenerative power can be supplied to a predetermined battery. In other words, it checks whether a predetermined battery among the batteries is chargeable or not. If regenerative power can be supplied to the predetermined battery, the process proceeds to step S14. If not, the process proceeds to step S15.

[0079] In step S14, the regenerated power is supplied to a predetermined battery, and the process proceeds to step S16. .

[0080] In step S15, the regenerative power is supplied to a battery other than the predetermined battery, and in step S Moving on to 16.

[0081] Subsequently, in step S16, it is determined whether or not the supply of regenerative power has ended. If the supply of regenerative power is continuing, the process returns to step S12. If so, the process proceeds to step S17.

[0082] In step S17, the power regeneration operation is ended.

[0083] This concludes the explanation of the flow shown in FIG.

[0084] The power regeneration operation illustrated in FIG. 3 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B). 4A and 4B show the components of the system 80 shown in FIG. 1, including the control unit 61, the power supply Force control unit 62a, power control unit 62b, power control unit 72, motor 64a, battery 20a, This is a schematic diagram showing the battery 20b and the battery 65. The direction of charge is indicated by an arrow. The charging state of each battery is also shown schematically. The more hatched areas there are, the more charged the battery is. There are.

[0085] 4A and 4B show an example in which regenerative power is generated by the motor 64a. Therefore, the electric power generated by the motor 64a is first sent to the electric power control unit 62a.

[0086] FIG. 4(A) shows a schematic diagram of the operation in step S14. This is an example of a case where the battery 20a is not fully charged and can be charged additionally. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4(A), power is supplied from the power control unit 62a to the battery 20a. The control unit 61 controls the supply of the heat.

[0087] On the other hand, FIG. 4(B) shows a schematic diagram relating to the operation in step S15. That is, when the battery 20a is fully charged and cannot supply any more power, At this time, the regenerative power is supplied from the power control unit 62a to the battery 20b via the power control unit 62b. Electric power is supplied, or regenerated electric power is supplied to the battery 65 via the electric power control unit 72. In FIG. 4(B), the battery 65 is fully charged, so regenerative power is supplied to the battery 65. 10 shows an example in which regenerative power is supplied only to battery 20b without being supplied to either battery 20a or 20b.

[0088] In this way, the power regeneration operation of one aspect of the present invention is performed by a motor and a unit that generate regenerative power. This allows the regenerative power to be supplied preferentially to the battery that constitutes the Transmission loss can be reduced.

[0089] [Power regeneration operation 2] The following describes an example that is partially different from the power regeneration operation 1. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the device. In FIG. 5, compared with FIG. 3, steps S13 and S14 are omitted. Steps S23, S24 and S25 are performed instead of steps S14 and S15. It differs in that it has S25.

[0090] In step S23, the charging states of the batteries are compared, and the difference between the remaining charges is determined to be equal to or greater than a predetermined value. If the difference is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, step S2 If not, proceed to step S25.

[0091] In step S24, regenerative power is supplied to the battery with the least remaining charge among the batteries. Then, the process proceeds to step S16.

[0092] In step S25, the regenerated power is supplied to a predetermined battery, and the process proceeds to step S16. .

[0093] This concludes the description of the flow shown in FIG.

[0094] 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of step S24. In FIG. 6, the battery 20a, The battery 20b has the least amount of charge among the battery 20b and the battery 65. It is controlled to supply the regenerative power generated by 64a.

[0095] In this way, in one aspect of the present invention, regenerative power is supplied according to the state of charge of each battery. This allows you to switch between the batteries in use. This can prevent the above-mentioned charge amount from being depleted.

[0096] Here, the value used to determine the difference in the charge amount of the batteries is For example, the following can be set for each battery: The fully charged state within the range specified by the rated voltage range of the battery is 100%, and the discharged state is 100%. When the battery status is 0%, the difference between the two batteries should be 10% or more, preferably 5% or more, and more preferably Preferably, when there is a difference of 2% or more, the charge amount of these two batteries is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. It can be determined that there is a difference. In addition to the above, the charge amount can also be calculated based on the voltage value, the current amount, and the amount of power. It may be specified as follows.

[0097] This concludes the explanation of the power regeneration operation.

[0098] [Power smoothing operation] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the process SR02. The process SR02 is a power smoothing operation. The power smoothing operation is carried out to reduce the difference in the charge amount of each battery. The following operations (control) are mainly performed by the control unit 61. will be done.

[0099] First, in step S31, the power smoothing operation is started.

[0100] In step S32, the remaining capacity of each battery is checked.

[0101] In step S33, the charging states of the batteries are compared, and the difference between the remaining charges is determined to be equal to or greater than a predetermined value. If the difference is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, step S3 If not, the process proceeds to step S35.

[0102] In step S34, the batteries are selected from the battery with the most remaining charge to the battery with the least remaining charge. Power is supplied to the terminal, and then the process returns to step S32.

[0103] This concludes the explanation of the flow shown in Fig. 7. In the flow shown in Fig. 7, the difference in the remaining capacity of each battery When becomes less than a predetermined value, the power smoothing operation ends.

[0104] If an interrupt occurs during power smoothing, the process will be forcibly interrupted. The interrupt process is performed when the vehicle state changes from a stationary state or a free-running state. This includes processing related to the actions (accelerating, turning, braking, etc.) that are performed by the vehicle.

[0105] 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of step S34.

[0106] FIG. 8A shows the state immediately after the start of step S34. In FIG. 8A, battery 2 Among the battery 20a, the battery 20b, and the battery 65, the battery 20a with the least amount of charge is , and is controlled so that power is supplied from the other two.

[0107] Figure 8(B) shows the state when the operation of step S34 is completed. As shown in Fig. 1, the charge levels of the batteries are smoothed to the same extent.

[0108] In this example, the battery with the least amount of charge receives power from both the other two batteries. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to a case where only the battery with the highest charge amount is charged. The operation may be such that power is supplied from the power supply.

[0109] Also, when power is supplied from two or more batteries, the amount of power supplied depends on the charge level of the batteries. For example, the more charged a battery is, the more power it can supply.

[0110] The value used for the judgment in step S33 is the judgment criteria in the explanation of the power regeneration operation 2 above. The standard can be used.

[0111] In this way, the charge amount of each battery can be smoothed by the power smoothing operation. Batteries may deteriorate faster if they are fully charged or fully discharged. This smooths out the power and keeps all batteries fully charged and not discharged. This makes it possible to extend the life of the battery.

[0112] This concludes the explanation of the power smoothing operation.

[0113] The power control method and the power control system according to one aspect of the present invention are directed to a mobile device having a plurality of batteries. Power can be transferred between the batteries of a moving object, which allows for power regeneration. When this is done, it becomes possible to charge a specific battery with priority. This operation makes it possible to equalize the charge amount of each battery. This makes it possible to reduce power transmission loss and extend battery life.

[0114] In one aspect of the present invention, the control unit 61 stores the program in a storage unit thereof. The program is read and executed by the computer or arithmetic device of the control unit 61. That is, another aspect of the present invention is to make the control unit 61 perform the above-described flow operations. This is a program that executes the above.

[0115] [About power regeneration] In a system according to one embodiment of the present invention, the regenerative power is used to rotate the motor 64a or the motor 64b. At this time, the wheel 10a or the wheel 10 A force is generated at b in the direction that stops its rotation, and this force acts as a brake.

[0116] Here, as a safety control method using the brakes, there is a skid prevention control. The stopping control is also called ESC (Electronic Stability Control). This is sometimes called the steering wheel. When there is a discrepancy between the intended direction of the vehicle and the direction of travel of the vehicle, the appropriate brakes are applied to each wheel. This is a control method that operates the rake to reduce the deviation.

[0117] One aspect of the present invention is to control the braking operation when such anti-skid control is in operation. By using a motor, regenerative power can be obtained.

[0118] The method of anti-skid control will be explained using FIGS. 9(A) and 9(B).

[0119] 9(A) and (B) show the state of an automobile 90 turning. The solid lines indicate cases where stop control is performed, and the dashed lines indicate cases where stop control is not performed.

[0120] Figure 9(A) shows the oversteer situation. That is, the rear wheel ground contact friction during cornering. The frictional force overcomes the centrifugal force and the car shifts outward, causing the car's direction of travel to shift to the inside of the curve. In this case, as shown by the arrow 91 in the figure, the front wheel on the outside of the turning direction is By applying the brakes appropriately, you can turn a curve with an appropriate turning radius.

[0121] Figure 9(B) shows the understeer situation. That is, the front wheels are in contact with the ground when turning. The frictional force overcomes the centrifugal force and the car shifts outward, causing the car's direction of travel to shift to the outside of the curve. In this case, as shown by the arrow 92 in the figure, the rear wheel on the inside of the turning direction is By applying the brakes appropriately, you can turn a curve with an appropriate turning radius.

[0122] Although the power regeneration operation in anti-skid control has been described here, it is not limited to this. Regenerative power can be obtained by various brake control methods. For example, Antilock Brake System (ABS) and collision Even in braking operations such as avoidance systems and systems to mitigate impact during collisions, It is possible to obtain regenerative power.

[0123] This concludes the explanation of the power regeneration operation.

[0124] [Other system configuration examples] Below, an example of a system having a different configuration from the system 80 illustrated in FIG. In the following, explanations that overlap with the above may be omitted.

[0125] [Configuration example 1] The system 80a shown in FIG. 10 has four wheels, compared to the system 80 illustrated in FIG. The difference is that all the wheels have a motor and a battery.

[0126] The system 80a includes a wheel 10c, a wheel 10d, a battery 20c, and a battery 20d. d, a motor 64c, a motor 64d, a power control unit 62c, and a power control unit 62d. The control unit 62c is connected to the battery 20c and the motor 64c. 2d is connected to a battery 20d and a motor 64d.

[0127] The power control unit 62a, the power control unit 62b, the power control unit 62c, and the power control unit 62d are Each of them is controlled by a control unit 61 and has a configuration capable of transmitting power to each other.

[0128] [Configuration example 2] The system 80b illustrated in FIG. 11 has a power control circuit instead of the four power control circuits in FIG. It has a control section 72.

[0129] The power control unit 72 has a function of selectively supplying power to each battery and selectively extracting power from each battery. a function to selectively supply power to each motor; In this way, the functions are integrated into one power control unit. By using 72, the number of parts is reduced and the degree of freedom in designing the vehicle body 50 is increased. It is possible.

[0130] In addition, the frequency of power conversion can be reduced when transferring power between batteries. This can improve the efficiency of power transmission between batteries.

[0131] [Configuration Example 3] The system 80c shown in FIG. 12 uses the motors provided on each wheel in FIG. 1 shows an example in which the sensor is disposed on the body 50 side.

[0132] In this way, for example, by providing the motor 64a on the vehicle body 50, the motor 64a and Since the paired power control unit 62a can be arranged close to each other, the power transmission efficiency can be improved. It is possible to increase the rate.

[0133] Furthermore, since the configuration of the wheels 10a and the like can be simplified, the replacement of the wheels 10a and the like can be simplified. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the weight of the wheel 10a and the like.

[0134] [Configuration Example 4] The system 80d shown in FIG. 13 differs from the system 80 shown in FIG. 1 in that the motor 64a and motor 64b is disposed on the vehicle body 50, and one power control 7. The difference is that it has a portion 72.

[0135] [Configuration Example 5] The system 80e shown in FIG. 14 is a system in which two wheels are driven by one motor 64 provided on the vehicle body 50. This shows an example of driving wheels (wheel 10a, wheel 10b). The system 80e has one power control unit 72 connected to each battery.

[0136] [Configuration Example 6] A system 80f shown in FIG. 15 includes, in addition to the system 80e shown in FIG. 14, an internal combustion engine. The system 80f is applicable to an automobile having an engine 63. Hybrid cars can run on two power sources: an engine and a motor. This can be done.

[0137] The control unit 61 can control the operation of both the motor 64 and the engine 63. Thus, the vehicle can be driven in a mode using only the engine 63, a mode using only the motor 64, or It is possible to switch between modes in which the engine 63 and the motor 64 are used in combination.

[0138] The engine 63 also functions as a generator. The power generated by the engine 63 is , is supplied to the battery 65, the battery 20a, or the battery 20b via the power control unit 72. Alternatively, power is supplied to the control unit 61, the braking control unit 66, the motor 64, etc.

[0139] The engine 63 is used as a power source to drive the wheels 10a and 10b. It may also be configured to be used as a generator without using a power generator.

[0140] This concludes the description of another example of the system configuration.

[0141] This embodiment may be combined, at least in part, with other embodiments described in this specification. It can be implemented in combination.

[0142] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, a power transmission system that can be used in the power transmission system exemplified in the first embodiment is Explains examples of wheel configurations and mobile objects (automobiles, etc.) to which the wheels can be attached do. [Wheel configuration example] FIG. 16(A) shows a perspective schematic view of a wheel 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. , a rim portion 11, a disk portion 12, a battery 20, and a connector 21.

[0143] The wheel 10 can be attached to a moving object such as an automobile that uses tires. The term "automobile" refers to a type of moving body. Examples of automobiles include passenger cars, trucks, buses, and civil engineering vehicles. The wheel 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention is also applicable to four-wheel vehicles. Not only for motorcycles, but also for unicycles, motorcycles, tricycles or automobiles with five or more tires. As a two-wheeled vehicle, it has two wheels attached to the front and rear of the body like a motorcycle. Alternatively, two tires may be provided on the side of the vehicle body in opposing positions. Or bicycles, electric bicycles, power-assisted bicycles, airplane tires, helicopters It can also be applied to tires for motorcycles, tires for vertical take-off and landing aircraft, amphibious vehicles, tanks, etc. do.

[0144] The wheel can also be applied to moving bodies that do not use tires. For example, a rail ( It can also be used for the wheels of vehicles that move along a rail. As a means of transportation, railways (including electric trains, steam locomotives, etc.), trams, cable cars, etc. It can be used.

[0145] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention can also be applied to a toy that resembles the above-mentioned moving object.

[0146] The radius of curvature of the rim portion 11 increases as it approaches the outer side in the width direction. The battery 20 has a cylindrical portion 15 in the center thereof. In FIG. 16(A), the inside of the portion 15 of the rim portion 11 is bent along the line. 1 shows an example in which the battery 20 is arranged.

[0147] The disk portion 12 has a plurality of bolt holes 13 for mounting to a vehicle body 50 (described later). The connector 21 is provided on the disk unit 12. The connector 21 is electrically connected to the battery 20. It has contacts for electrically connecting to a motor, etc.

[0148] FIG. 16(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rim portion 11 in the circumferential direction. To show the positional relationship of the disk unit 12 and the like, these are shown by dashed lines.

[0149] The rim portion 11 has a double structure in its cylindrical portion 15, and inside The battery 20 is disposed in the space inside the rim portion 11. 0 is arranged in a curved state along the curvature of the rim portion 11. In other words, The sleeve 20 is arranged so as to be wrapped around a part of the cylindrical portion 15 of the rim portion 11. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the center of gravity of the wheel 10 from becoming unbalanced. This is preferable.

[0150] It is preferable that the battery 20 has a function of being bendable along a curved surface. It is preferable that the battery 20 is a secondary battery sealed by a flexible material. The radius of curvature of the battery 11 should be at least smaller than the inner diameter of the rim portion 11. The secondary battery suitable for the battery 20 will be described in detail later.

[0151] The battery 20 is preferably fixed to the rim portion 11 by adhesive or pressure sensitive adhesive. At this time, it is necessary to use an adhesive or adhesive that can be removed without damaging the battery 20. The use of an agent is preferable because it makes it easy to replace the battery 20 when it deteriorates.

[0152] Here, the battery 20 is fixed to the rim portion 11. For example, the wheel 10 may have a support portion for fixing the battery 20. When the rim portion 11 rotates relative to the vehicle body, the support portion does not rotate freely or rotates relative to the vehicle body. By configuring the wheel 10 so that it does not rotate, it is possible to reduce the weight of the rotating part of the wheel 10. This can improve the vehicle's driving performance.

[0153] The battery 20 has a terminal 22. The terminal 22 of the battery 20 and the disk portion 12 The connector 21 is electrically connected to the cable 23. The cable 23 is provided inside the disk unit 12. The terminal 22 and the cable 23, or If the cable 23 and the connector 21 have a detachable mechanism, the battery 20 can be easily replaced. This is preferable because

[0154] Although the battery 20 has only a terminal here, the battery 20 may be connected to a BMU. The battery management unit (BM) may be included. U is a device for monitoring the overcharge and overdischarge of the battery 20, monitoring the overcurrent, controlling the cell balancer, and Management of deterioration status, calculation of remaining battery capacity ((charging rate) State Of Charge: SOC) It can perform output calculations, control the cooling fan for the driving secondary battery, or control fault detection. When the BMU is installed in the battery 20, the information of the battery 20 acquired by the BMU is as follows: It is preferable that the power supply 100 has a function of outputting the power to an electric power control unit 62 of the vehicle body 50, which will be described later.

[0155] FIG. 16(C) shows the width of the rim portion 11 when attached to the body 50 of the automobile. A schematic cross-sectional view in the direction is shown.

[0156] FIG. 16(C) shows a case where a part of the disk part 12 has a shape with a space. The cable 23 is arranged in the space of the disk part 12 and is located at the center of the disk part 12. It is electrically connected to the connector 21 .

[0157] The vehicle body 50 has a fixing portion 51 and a connector 52. The fixing portion 51 is The power from the device that generates power (the power generating device, the power unit) such as the engine or motor that The fixed part 51 has a function of transmitting the force to the wheel 10. The fixed wheel 10 can be rotated. The fixed part 51 is The connector 52 has a connector at its tip. The connector 21 has contacts for electrical connection therewith, and also has a mechanism for engaging with the connector 21.

[0158] The connector 52 preferably has a mechanism that prevents electrical connection from being broken even when it is rotated. For example, rotary connectors using liquid metals such as mercury and gallium A rotating connector can be used. This is preferable because it can suppress problems caused by wear.

[0159] Since the connector 21 and the connector 52 are electrically connected, the power charged in the battery 20 The power input from the vehicle body 50 can be supplied to the battery 2. 0. In addition, the above-mentioned It may be configured to be able to transmit information from the BMU.

[0160] Therefore, the wheel 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used as an auxiliary power source for an automobile, for example. In addition, when the wheel 10 is equipped with a battery 20 having a sufficient capacity, It can also be used as the main power source for a vehicle, eliminating the need for a power source in the vehicle. By using such a wheel 10, it is possible to reduce the volume of the battery mounted on the automobile. This allows for space savings in automobiles. For example, it can increase the living space and trunk space. It is possible.

[0161] In the above, the power transmission mechanism provided in each of the wheel 10 and the vehicle body 50 is a connector. The case where the rotor 21 and connector 52 are used is shown, but the electromagnetic induction method, magnetic field resonance method, radio wave method, etc. Transfer of power using methods such as contactless power transmission, non-contact power transmission, or wireless power supply A configuration using a contactless switch (also referred to as a contactless switch) is preferable because it does not require physical contacts. 1 shows an example in which contactless power transmission is performed between the wheel 10 and the vehicle body 50.

[0162] In FIG. 17, the wheel 10 has a circuit 25 and an antenna 26 instead of the connector 21. Here, a configuration including the circuit 25 and the antenna 26 may also be called a wireless module. The circuit 25 is electrically connected to the battery 20 via a cable 23. The tena 26 is electrically connected to the circuit 25 .

[0163] The circuit 25 transmits the power of the battery 20 to a vehicle body 50 via an antenna 26. The circuit 25 has a function of transmitting power to an antenna 53. The power converter 24 converts the power into electricity that is supplied to the battery 20.

[0164] The vehicle body 50 includes an antenna 53, a cable 54, and an antenna 55 instead of the connector 52. The antenna 53 has a support portion 55. When the wheel 10 is attached to the vehicle body 50, the antenna The antenna support part 55 is attached at a position facing the antenna 26. The antenna 53 and the antenna support part 55 are connected to the fixed part 51 and the wheel. The bolts may have holes or notches so as not to physically interfere with the bolts that secure the bolts to the cable 10. The cable 54 connects a circuit (not shown) provided inside the vehicle body 50 to the antenna 53. The circuit has the same function as the circuit 25. can be used.

[0165] 17, a part of the disk portion 12 located between the antenna 26 and the antenna 53 is In this example, a window 27 is provided in the antenna 26. The material of the window portion 27 can be any material that does not obstruct the propagation of signals between the window portion 27 and the substrate 53. It may be selected appropriately according to the contact power transmission method. For example, the material used for the disk portion 12 Materials with higher insulating properties than the material, materials with high dielectric constants, or materials that shield radio signals, radio waves, electromagnetic waves, etc. Therefore, a material that is difficult to break down can be used.

[0166] By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to easily exchange power even when the wheel 10 rotates. Furthermore, it is preferable because it has no physical contact points and does not cause problems of wear and tear.

[0167] 18(A) and 18(B) show examples of rim portion 11 having different configurations from those described above.

[0168] In the above example, the rim portion 11 has a hollow structure and the battery 20 is provided inside the rim portion 11. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the battery 20 may be wound or attached to the surface of the rim portion 11. In FIG. 18(A), the battery 20 is attached along the outer periphery of the rim portion 11. Here, a tire (not shown) is attached to the wheel 10. When the tire is attached, the outer surface of the rim portion 11 is covered by the tire. Even if the battery 20 is wound around the outer periphery of the rim portion 11, there is a risk that the battery 20 will be exposed. Furthermore, if the exterior of the battery 20 has sufficient weather resistance, As shown in FIG. 18(B), a battery 20 may be provided along the inner periphery of the rim portion 11. good.

[0169] 19(A) and 19(B) show examples of different forms of the battery 20.

[0170] In the above, the battery 20 is arranged in a range of less than one revolution around the circumference of the cylindrical portion 15 of the rim portion 11. However, the battery 20 may be wound more than once. FIG. 19(A) shows an example in which the battery 20 is wound around the rim portion 11 about two times. The longer the length of the battery 20, the greater the capacity of the battery 20, which is preferable. I wish.

[0171] As shown in FIG. 19(B), the battery 20 may be a plurality of strip-shaped batteries with a common terminal 22. For example, the battery 20 shown in FIG. By using such a configuration, the resistance of the battery 20 can be reduced. In addition, the resistance component of the battery 20 can be reduced compared to the configuration shown in FIG. Although many materials such as films are required, the size of each secondary battery can be made relatively small. This is preferable because it is not necessary to introduce a large-scale device for producing it.

[0172] Figures 20(A), (B), and (C) show examples of different battery types. .

[0173] In the above, a case where a strip-shaped battery 20 sealed with a film is used has been shown. Different battery configurations may also be used.

[0174] FIG. 20(A1) shows an example in which a cylindrical battery 41 is applied. 0(A2) shows the appearance of the battery 41. The battery 41 is made of a cylindrical exterior member. The battery 41 is sealed with a pair of terminals 45. Therefore, the batteries 41 can be arranged at high density inside the rim portion 11.

[0175] FIG. 20(B1) shows an example in which a prismatic battery 42 is used. 0(B2) shows the appearance of the battery 42. By using multiple prismatic batteries 42, This allows the capacity per volume of a single battery 42 to be increased, and the cylindrical battery The number of pieces provided on one wheel 10 can be reduced compared to when the terry 41 is used.

[0176] FIG. 20(C1) shows an example in which a columnar battery 43 having a curved surface is used. FIG. 20(C2) shows the appearance of the battery 43. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is approximately the same as the radius of curvature of the inner wall of the rim portion 11. By doing so, as shown in FIG. 20(C1), the battery 43 and the rim portion 1 1, the gap between the batteries 43 can be reduced, and the batteries 43 can be arranged at high density. For example, it may be a columnar body having a cross section that is roughly fan-shaped.

[0177] The batteries 41, 42, and 43 shown here are bendable. For example, a battery sealed with a highly rigid exterior member such as a metal may be used. In addition, the batteries 41, 42, and 43 may be, for example, wound type batteries. Alternatively, a stacked secondary battery can be used.

[0178] The above is a description of an example of the wheel configuration.

[0179] [Application example] The following describes a wheel according to one aspect of the present invention and a vehicle to which the wheel can be attached. An example of the configuration of a train will be described.

[0180] FIG. 21 shows a block diagram illustrating the main components of an automobile body 50 and a wheel 10. Here, both engines and motors are used as power generating devices (power generating devices, power plants). This section explains the configuration of a hybrid vehicle that uses this method as an example.

[0181] The wheel 10 includes a battery 20 and a power transmission mechanism 30 .

[0182] The above-mentioned connector 21 and the wireless module including the circuit 25 and antenna 26 are used for power transmission. This corresponds to the feed mechanism 30.

[0183] The vehicle body 50 includes a power transmission mechanism 60, a control unit 61, a power control unit 62, an engine 63, a motor 64, a battery 65, etc.

[0184] The wireless module includes the connector 52, the antenna 53, the cable 54, and the circuit. The coil corresponds to the power transmission mechanism 60 .

[0185] The power transmission mechanism 30 and the power transmission mechanism 60 may be configured to be able to exchange power with each other. The above configuration is an example and is not limiting.

[0186] The engine 63 and the motor 64 are devices that generate power to rotate the wheels 10. The operation of the engine 63 is controlled by the control unit 61. The motor 64 is driven by an electric power It is driven by power supplied by the control unit 62.

[0187] The control unit 61 has a function of controlling the power of the automobile. The control unit 61 can control the drive and the power control unit 62. The control unit 61 may have a function of comprehensively controlling the various controlled auxiliary devices. A typical example is an ECU (Engine Control Unit). Depending on how the vehicle is driven, it can have features specific to EV, HEV, or PHEV. It is preferable to apply an ECU that

[0188] The power control unit 62 controls the amount of power supplied to the motor 64 in response to a command from the control unit 61. The power control unit 62 is also called a PCU (Power Control Unit). It is possible.

[0189] The electric power control unit 62 controls the battery 65 of the vehicle body 50 and the battery 66 of the wheel 10. It is preferable to have a function to switch between the battery 20 and the power supply 10 according to the charge state of each. For example, when the battery 65 is used as the main power source, if the charging rate of the battery 65 drops below a certain level, When this occurs, the motor 64 and the like can be driven using power from the battery 20. By performing such an operation, the battery 20 can be used as an auxiliary power source.

[0190] When managing the charging state of the battery 65 or the battery 20, the above-mentioned functions of the BMU are Alternatively, the power control unit 62 may have a BMU. Alternatively, the battery 65 and the battery 20 may have a BMU. The power control unit 62 controls the power supply in accordance with the information supplied from the BMU. Good too.

[0191] Furthermore, the power control unit 62 uses the power generated by the motor 64 during deceleration to power the battery 65 and It is also preferable that the power supply 10 has a function of charging the battery 20 (also called a power regeneration function).

[0192] The power control unit 62 controls the voltage output from the battery 65 or the battery 20 to drive the motor 64. A boost circuit (converter) that boosts the voltage to drive the motor 64 and a DC voltage The inverter converts the voltage to AC for the In addition, when a power regeneration function is added, the motor 6 A conversion circuit that converts the AC voltage output from the battery 65 into a DC voltage, and a battery 2 It is preferable to have a step-down circuit or the like that steps down the voltage to a voltage that charges 0.

[0193] Here, the configuration of an HEV equipped with both an engine 63 and a motor 64 will be described as an example. However, in the case of an EV, the engine 63 may be omitted. In the case of an EV, a socket is further provided, and the power control unit 62 controls the socket. The charging of the battery 65 and the battery 20 is controlled using power supplied from an external source via the port. It is sufficient to have a configuration that has the function of

[0194] The above is a description of the application example.

[0195] [Variations] An application example that is partially different from the above application example will be described below.

[0196] FIG. 22(A) is a schematic diagram of a vehicle body 50 equipped with a wheel 10. The vehicle body 50 has one control unit 61, four motors 64, and four power control units 62. One motor 64 and one power supply 65 are provided near the part where one wheel 10 is attached. A force control section 62 is provided.

[0197] The control unit 61 can control four power control units 62. The power of the battery 20 is supplied to the motor 64 by a power control unit 62 disposed nearby. As the motor 64 rotates, the wheel connected to it is The wheel 10 rotates.

[0198] In this way, a power device such as a motor 64 is provided for each of the four wheels 10. This allows the four wheels 10 to rotate independently. The rotation direction of each wheel 10 can also be controlled individually. It is possible to move in any direction and rotate the body 50 on the spot, which was not possible with conventional automobiles. The vehicle body 50 can move in the direction.

[0199] In this way, by arranging the power control unit 62 and the motor 64 near the wheel 10, The loss of power between the battery 20 and the power control unit 62 can be reduced.

[0200] In FIG. 22(B), the wheel 10 includes a power control unit 62 and a motor in addition to the battery 20. The example in which the motor 64 is provided on the wheel 10 is called an in-wheel. By adopting such a configuration, the motor provided on each wheel 10 The motor 64 can be driven by the power of the battery 20. By adopting this configuration, even if the vehicle body 50 is severely damaged due to an accident, for example, the vehicle body 5 0 can be moved.

[0201] In addition, since the power control unit 62 and the motor 64 can be provided on the wheel 10, The vehicle body 50 may be provided with a control unit 61 and other mechanisms for controlling these four wheels 10. Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing the vehicle body 50 can be increased. This also allows space savings.

[0202] 22(A) and 22(B), the vehicle includes the battery 65, the engine 63, etc. This may also be configured as follows.

[0203] The above is a description of the modified example.

[0204] As described above, in one aspect of the present invention, a battery is attached to the wheel 10 on which the tire is attached. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a wheel having a rotating function may be used. The battery 20 may be provided on the wheel of the vehicle body. By applying this, the battery 20 of the wheel can be used as an auxiliary power source or a main power source. As an example, the battery 20 can be applied to a flywheel. In particular, by providing the battery 20 near the outer periphery of the flywheel, , the moment of inertia generated by the flywheel can be increased.

[0205] Here, the power transmission mechanism 60, the control unit 61, the power control unit 62, or other components of the vehicle body are The electronic components included in the device, the power transmission mechanism 30 of the wheel 10, or the BMU, etc. Silicon carbide, gallium nitride, or oxide semiconductors are used for electronic components used in It is preferable to apply semiconductor devices such as transistors made of silicon. It is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor with a larger band gap than silicon. When a semiconductor material with a wide gap and low carrier density is used, the off-state of the transistor This is preferable because it can reduce the current in the negative electrode state.

[0206] For example, the oxide semiconductor may contain at least indium (In) or It is preferable that zinc (Zn) is contained. More preferably, it is an In-M-Zn-based oxide (wherein M is A). (metals such as l, Ti, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, La, Ce or Hf) Contains oxides.

[0207] In particular, the semiconductor layer has a plurality of crystal portions, and the c-axes of the crystal portions are aligned with the surface on which the semiconductor layer is formed. Or, the crystals are oriented perpendicular to the upper surface of the semiconductor layer, and grain boundaries are confirmed between adjacent crystal portions. It is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor film that does not have a resistivity.

[0208] Such oxide semiconductors have excellent stability of electrical properties because they do not have grain boundaries. do.

[0209] By using such materials for the semiconductor layer, fluctuations in electrical characteristics are suppressed, and reliability is improved. High-performance transistors can be realized.

[0210] In addition, due to its low off-state current, the By applying such a transistor, it is possible to hold the charge for a long period of time. This makes it possible to realize electronic components with extremely low power consumption.

[0211] However, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to these. For example, one aspect of the present invention is Although the present invention has been described as being applied to a coil, it is not limited to this example. Since various inventive aspects are described in the detailed description, one aspect of the present invention is to For example, one aspect of the present invention is a wheel, a wheel-like object, or It can also be applied to things other than wheels.

[0212] This embodiment may be implemented in appropriate combination with other embodiment modes described in this specification. This can be done.

[0213] (Embodiment 3) The power control system exemplified in the first embodiment and the wheel exemplified in the second embodiment are The present invention can be applied to automobiles that use earphones. An automobile is one type of moving object. This includes passenger cars, trucks, buses, as well as special vehicles such as civil engineering vehicles and cranes. The wheel of one aspect of the present invention can be used not only for four-wheeled vehicles but also for unicycles, two-wheeled vehicles, and three-wheeled vehicles. It can also be installed on automobiles with five or more tires. The vehicle may have two wheels attached to the front and rear of the vehicle body, as shown in the image, or may have two wheels attached to the side of the vehicle body. Alternatively, two tires may be provided facing each other. Power-assisted bicycles, airplane tires, helicopter tires, and tires for vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. It can also be applied to vehicles, amphibious vehicles, tanks, etc.

[0214] 23A and 23B illustrate examples of vehicles using one embodiment of the present invention. 0 is an electric vehicle that uses an electric motor as a power source for driving. A hybrid vehicle that can be used by selecting either an electric motor or an engine as a power source for By using one aspect of the present invention, a vehicle with a long cruising distance can be realized. The automobile 8400 also has a secondary battery. The secondary battery drives the electric motor. In addition, it supplies power to light-emitting devices such as headlights 8401 and room lights (not shown). can be provided.

[0215] In addition, the secondary battery is used for the displays of the car 8400, such as the speedometer and tachometer. The secondary battery can supply power to the navigation system of the automobile 8400. The power supply can be used to power semiconductor devices such as gating systems.

[0216] The automobile 8500 shown in FIG. 23(B) includes a secondary battery (not shown). ) receives power from an external charging facility using a plug-in method or a wireless power supply method, etc., and charges the FIG. 23(B) shows a diagram of a vehicle 850 being charged from a ground-mounted charging device 8021. The secondary battery mounted on the battery pack 802 is being charged via a cable 8022. When charging, the charging method and connector standards are specified by CHAdeMO (registered trademark) and Combo, etc. The charging device 8021 is a charging station installed in a commercial facility. For example, plug-in technology can be used to connect to an external power source. Charging a secondary battery (not shown) mounted on the automobile 8500 with power supplied from the Charging is performed by converting AC power to DC power via a converter such as an AC-DC converter. This can be done in exchange.

[0217] Although not shown, a power receiving device is mounted on the vehicle, and power is supplied contactlessly from a power transmitting device on the ground. In this case, the power transmission device is installed on the road or on the exterior wall. By incorporating this, charging can be done not only when the vehicle is stopped but also while the vehicle is moving. The vehicle may transmit and receive power between them by using the power transmission method. A solar cell may be provided to charge the secondary battery when the vehicle is stopped or running. The power can be supplied by an electromagnetic induction method or a magnetic resonance method.

[0218] FIG. 23(C) shows an electric motorcycle 8600. The electric motorcycle 8600 includes a body 8601 , wheels 8602, tires 8603, handlebars 8604, operating levers 8605, etc. Has.

[0219] A rider can ride the vehicle while standing on the body 8601. The body 8601 has a gyro sensor and a computer, and moves in accordance with the change in the position of the center of gravity. For example, if the passenger leans forward and the center of gravity moves forward, This causes the vehicle to move forward, and the vehicle's center of gravity shifts backward, causing it to lean backward and brake or move backward. In addition, the rider can turn the vehicle by shifting the center of gravity left and right. .

[0220] In the electric two-wheeled vehicle 8600, the motor, the battery, and other control devices are mounted on the body 8 601 or wheel 8602.

[0221] The handlebars 8604 are provided with light emitting devices at their ends to inform the surroundings of the direction of turning. It functions as a turn signal.

[0222] The operating lever 8605 is provided for, for example, operating the brake. In addition to brake operation, the 8605 also has functions for power on / off operation, turn signal operation, and lock operation. Various operations can be performed.

[0223] According to one aspect of the present invention, a vehicle equipped with a battery can be provided with a smaller space than conventional vehicles. It is also possible to realize automobiles with enhanced design freedom. This will enable the realization of automobiles that can use electricity efficiently.

[0224] Furthermore, the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery are improved, and the reliability can be improved. According to one aspect of the present invention, the characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved, and therefore, the secondary battery itself can be If the secondary battery itself can be made smaller and lighter, it will contribute to reducing the weight of the vehicle. This contributes to improving the driving range. In this case, the power supply can be used as a power supply other than commercial power during peak power demand. This avoids the need for a source.

[0225] (Fourth embodiment) Below, a configuration example of a secondary battery that can be used for the battery 20 of one embodiment of the present invention and An example of the manufacturing method will be described with reference to the drawings. An example of a battery will be described.

[0226] [Configuration example] 24 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the secondary battery 102. FIG. 25(A) shows A1- 24. Also, FIG. 25(B) is a cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the dashed line A2. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the dashed dotted line.

[0227] The secondary battery 102 according to one embodiment of the present invention is a battery covered with a separator 503 in an exterior body 507. It has a positive electrode 511, a negative electrode 515, and an electrolyte solution 504. In addition, in FIGS. One positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer 502 on one side of a positive electrode current collector 501, and two positive electrode active material layers 502, and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer 506 on one side of a negative electrode current collector 505. and a positive electrode having anode active material layers 506 on both sides. The positive electrode 111 is electrically connected to a positive electrode lead 121, and the negative electrode 115 is electrically connected to a negative electrode lead The positive electrode lead 121 and the negative electrode lead 125 are electrically connected to the leads 121 and 125. Also called electrodes or lead terminals. Part of the positive electrode lead 121 and the negative electrode lead 125 The secondary battery 102 is charged and discharged through the positive electrode lead 1. 21 and negative lead 125.

[0228] In FIG. 25, the positive electrode 111 is covered with the separator 503. For example, the positive electrode 111 is not covered with the separator 503. For example, instead of the positive electrode 111, the negative electrode 115 may be covered with a separator 503. Good too.

[0229] [Positive electrode] The positive electrode 511 is composed of a positive electrode current collector 501 and a positive electrode active material layer 5 formed on the positive electrode current collector 501. 25, one side of a sheet-shaped (or strip-shaped) positive electrode current collector 501 is One positive electrode 511 having a positive electrode active material layer 502 on one side, and one positive electrode 511 having a positive electrode active material layer 502 on both sides. Although an example in which one positive electrode 511 is provided is shown, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to use only a positive electrode 511 having a positive electrode active material layer 502 on one surface of a current collector 501. Alternatively, only the positive electrode 511 having the positive electrode active material layer 502 on both sides may be used. By using the positive electrode 511 having the layer 502, the capacity of the secondary battery 102 can be increased. The secondary battery 102 may also have three or more positive electrodes 511. By increasing the number of positive electrodes 511 that the secondary battery 102 has, the capacity of the secondary battery 102 can be increased.

[0230] The positive electrode current collector 501 is made of a metal such as stainless steel, gold, platinum, aluminum, or titanium, Materials such as these alloys that are highly conductive and do not dissolve at the potential of the positive electrode can be used. In addition, the heat resistance of silicon, titanium, neodymium, scandium, molybdenum, etc. has been improved. Aluminum alloys containing elements that react with silicon can be used. It may be formed from a metal element that forms silicide, which reacts with silicon to form silicide. The metal elements that are used include zirconium, titanium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, and titanium. Cathode current collector 5 01: foil, plate (sheet), mesh, punched metal, expanded metal, etc. The positive electrode current collector 501 has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. It is also preferable to use graphite or the like on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 501. An undercoat layer may be provided.

[0231] The positive electrode active material layer 502 contains, in addition to the positive electrode active material, a binder ( The positive electrode active material layer 502 may contain a binder, a conductive additive for increasing the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer 502, and the like.

[0232] The positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode active material layer 502 may have an olivine type crystal structure, a layered rock salt type The positive electrode active material includes composite oxides having a crystalline structure of ZnO or a spinel type. For example, LiFeO2, LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, V2O5, Compounds such as Cr2O5 and MnO2 are used.

[0233] In particular, LiCoO2 has a large capacity and is more stable in the atmosphere than LiNiO2. It is preferable because it has the advantages of being thermally stable compared to LiNiO2.

[0234] In addition, lithium-containing manganese-containing spinel-type crystal structures such as LiMn2O4 are also available. The material contains a small amount of lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2 or LiNi 1-x M x O2(0 <x< 1) By mixing (M=Co, Al, etc.), the characteristics of the secondary battery using this can be improved. This is preferable.

[0235] Alternatively, a composite material (general formula LiMPO4 (where M is Fe(II), Mn(II), Co( One or more of Ni(II) and Ni(II) can be used. Representative examples of the general formula LiMPO4 Examples include LiFePO4, LiNiPO4, LiCoPO4, LiMnPO4, LiF e a Ni b PO4, LiFe a Co b PO4, LiFe a Mn b PO4, LiNi a Co b PO4, LiNi a Mn b PO4 (where a + b ≤ 1, 0 < a < 1, 0 < b < 1), Li Fe c Ni d Co e PO4, LiFe c Ni d Mn e PO4, LiNi c Co d Mn e P O4 (where c + d + e ≤ 1, 0 < c < 1, 0 < d < 1, 0 < e < 1), LiFe f Ni g Co h Mn i PO4 (where f + g + h + i ≤ 1, 0 < f < 1, 0 < g < 1, 0 < h < 1, 0 < i < 1), etc. Lithium compounds can be used as materials.

[0236] In particular, LiFePO4 preferably satisfies the requirements for a cathode active material, such as safety, stability, high capacity density, and the presence of lithium ions that can be extracted during initial oxidation (charging), in a balanced manner. Therefore, it is preferable.

[0237] Alternatively, a composite material such as the general formula Li (2-j) MSiO4 (where M is one or more of Fe(II), Mn(II), Co (II), Ni(II); 0 ≤ j ≤ 2) can be used. Typical examples of the general formula Li (2-j) MSiO4 include Li (2-j) FeSiO4, Li ( ​ 2-j) NiSiO4, Li (2-j) CoSiO4, Li (2-j) MnSiO4, L i (2-j) Fe k Ni l SiO4, Li (2-j) Fe k Co l SiO4, Li (2- j) Fe k Mn l SiO4, Li (2-j) Ni k Co l SiO4, Li (2-j) Ni k Mn l SiO4 (k + l is 1 or less, 0 < k < 1, 0 < l < 1), Li (2-j) Fe m Ni n Co q SiO4, Li (2-j) Fe m Ni n Mn q SiO4, Li (2-j) N i m Co n Mn q SiO4 (m + n + q is 1 or less, 0 < m < 1, 0 < n < 1, 0 < q < 1 )、Li (2-j) Fe r Ni s Co t Mn u SiO4 (r + s + t + u is 1 or less, 0 < r < 1, 0 < s < 1, 0 < t < 1, 0 < u < 1), etc. Lithium compounds can be used as materials This is possible.

[0238] Also, as the positive electrode active material, A x M2(XO4)3 (A = Li, Na, Mg, M = Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Nb, X = S, P, Mo, W, As, Si) represented by the general formula of nashiko Nasicon-type compounds include Fe2(MnO4)3, Fe2(SO4)3, Li3Fe2(PO4)3, etc. Also, as a positive electrode active material, It is represented by the general formula i2MPO4F, Li2MP2O7, Li5MO4 (M = Fe, Mn). compounds, perovskite-type fluorides such as NaFeF3 and FeF3, TiS2, MoS2 Metal chalcogenides (sulfides, selenides, tellurides), such as LiMVO4, and reverse spin Oxides with a crystalline structure of the vanadium oxide family (V2O5, V6O 13 , LiV 3O8, etc.), manganese oxide, organic sulfur compounds, and other materials can be used.

[0239] In addition, the carrier ions may be alkali metal ions other than lithium ions or alkaline earth ions. In the case of metal ions, alkali metals (e.g., sodium) are used as the positive electrode active material instead of lithium. thorium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metals (e.g., calcium, strontium, barium, etc.), For example, NaFeO2 or Na 2 / 3 [Fe 1 / 2 Mn 1 / 2 ]O2 as the positive electrode active material. It can be used as such.

[0240] Furthermore, a combination of two or more of the above materials may be used as the positive electrode active material. For example, A solid solution of a combination of the above materials can be used as the positive electrode active material. iCo 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Ni 1 / 3 A solid solution of O2 and Li2MnO3 is used as the positive electrode active material. You can be there.

[0241] Although not shown, a conductive material such as a carbon layer may be provided on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer 502. The conductivity of the electrode can be improved by providing a conductive material such as a carbon layer. For example, the carbon layer covering the positive electrode active material layer 502 is formed by heating the positive electrode active material with glucose or the like. It can be formed by mixing carbohydrates of

[0242] The average particle size of the primary particles of the granular positive electrode active material layer 502 is 50 nm or more and 100 μm or less. It is recommended to use the following.

[0243] Conductive additives include acetylene black (AB), graphite particles, and carbon black. Nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, etc. can be used.

[0244] The conductive additive can form an electron conductive network in the positive electrode 511. The electrical auxiliary agent can maintain the electrical conduction path between the positive electrode active material layers 502. By adding a conductive additive to the electrode active material layer 502, a positive electrode active material having high electronic conductivity can be obtained. A layer 502 can be realized.

[0245] In addition to the typical polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide is also used as a binder. , polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene propylene diene poly styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, poly Polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, nitrocellulose, etc. It is possible.

[0246] The content of the binder relative to the total amount of the positive electrode active material layer 502 is 1 wt % or more and 10 wt % or less. is preferable, 2 wt% or more and 8 wt% or less is more preferable, and 3 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less is even more preferable. It is more preferable that the content of the conductive additive with respect to the total amount of the positive electrode active material layer 502 is 1 wt %. The content is preferably from 1 wt % to 10 wt %, and more preferably from 1 wt % to 5 wt %.

[0247] When the positive electrode active material layer 502 is formed by the coating method, the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive additive are mixed. The positive electrode paste (slurry) is prepared by mixing the agents, and is then applied onto the positive electrode current collector 501 and dried. Just do that.

[0248] [Negative electrode] The negative electrode 515 is composed of a negative electrode current collector 505 and a negative electrode active material layer 5 formed on the negative electrode current collector 505. 25, one side of a sheet-shaped (or strip-shaped) negative electrode current collector 505 One negative electrode 515 having a negative electrode active material layer 506 on one side, and one negative electrode 515 having a negative electrode active material layer 506 on both sides. Although an example in which one negative electrode 515 is provided is shown, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to use only the negative electrode 515 having the negative electrode active material layer 506 on one surface of the electrode 505. In this case, the negative electrode current collectors 505 are arranged so that the surfaces thereof not having the negative electrode active material layers 506 are in contact with each other. This allows the formation of a contact surface with less friction, and reduces the stress when the secondary battery 102 is bent. In addition, the negative electrode having the negative electrode active material layer 506 on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 505 is preferable. Alternatively, only the negative electrode 515 may be used. This allows the capacity of the secondary battery 102 to be increased. By increasing the number of negative electrodes 515 included in the secondary battery 102, The capacity of the secondary battery 102 can be increased.

[0249] The negative electrode current collector 505 is made of metals such as stainless steel, gold, platinum, iron, copper, titanium, and the like, and It is recommended to use a material that has high conductivity and does not alloy with carrier ions such as lithium, such as an alloy of In addition, heat-resistant materials such as silicon, titanium, neodymium, scandium, and molybdenum can be used. An aluminum alloy containing an element that improves the resistance can be used. 05: foil, plate (sheet), mesh, punched metal, expanded metal, etc. The negative electrode current collector 505 has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. It is also preferable to use graphite or the like on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 505. An undercoat layer may be provided.

[0250] The negative electrode active material layer 506 contains, in addition to the negative electrode active material, a binder ( The negative electrode active material layer 506 may contain a binder, a conductive additive for increasing the conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer 506, and the like.

[0251] The negative electrode active material is a material that can dissolve and deposit lithium or insert and extract lithium ions. The material of the negative electrode active material layer 506 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material. In addition to lithium phosphate, examples include carbon-based materials and alloy-based materials that are common in the field of energy storage.

[0252] Lithium metal has a low redox potential (-3.045 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode) and is lightweight. and high specific capacity per volume (3860mAh / g and 2062mAh / cm, respectively). 3 ) and is therefore preferable.

[0253] Carbon materials include graphite, easily graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), and non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon). carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, etc. .

[0254] As graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), coke-based artificial graphite, Examples of the graphite include artificial graphite such as titanium-based artificial graphite, and natural graphite such as spheroidized natural graphite.

[0255] When lithium ions are inserted between the layers of graphite (the formation of lithium-graphite intercalation compounds), Sometimes), it shows a potential as low as that of lithium metal (0.1 to 0.3 V vs. Li / L i + This allows lithium-ion batteries to exhibit high operating voltages. Graphite has a relatively high capacity per unit volume, small volume expansion, is inexpensive, and is a lithium It is preferable because it has advantages such as higher safety compared to metals.

[0256] As a negative electrode active material, it can carry out charge-discharge reactions by alloying and dealloying reactions with lithium. Possible alloy materials or oxides can also be used. In this case, examples of alloy materials include Mg, Ca, Al, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. , Sb, Bi, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, In, etc. These elements have a large capacity compared to carbon, and silicon in particular has a theoretical capacity The capacity is dramatically high at 4200mAh / g. Therefore, using silicon as the negative electrode active material As alloy materials using such elements, for example, Mg2Si, Mg2 Ge, Mg2Sn, SnS2, V2Sn3, FeSn2, CoSn2, Ni3Sn2, C u6Sn5, Ag3Sn, Ag3Sb, Ni2MnSb, CeSb3, LaSn3, La 3Co2Sn7, CoSb3, InSb, SbSn, etc.

[0257] In addition, the negative electrode active material is SiO, SnO, SnO2, titanium oxide (TiO2), lithium Sodium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O 12 ), lithium-graphite intercalation compound (Li x C6), Niobium oxide (Nb2O5), tungsten oxide (WO2), molybdenum oxide (MoO2) The oxides may be used.

[0258] In addition, the negative electrode active material is a composite nitride of lithium and transition metals, which has a Li3N structure. つLi 3-x M x N (M=Co, Ni, Cu) can be used. For example, Li 2. 6Co 0.4 N3 has a large charge / discharge capacity (900mAh / g, 1890mAh / cm 3 )of This is preferable.

[0259] When a composite nitride of lithium and transition metals is used, lithium ions are included in the negative electrode active material, As a positive electrode active material, materials that do not contain lithium ions, such as V2O5 and Cr3O8, are used. In addition, when a material containing lithium ions is used as the positive electrode active material, However, by first removing the lithium ions contained in the positive electrode active material, As the substrate, a complex nitride of lithium and a transition metal can be used.

[0260] In addition, a material that undergoes a conversion reaction can also be used as the negative electrode active material. For example, lithium oxides such as cobalt oxide (CoO), nickel oxide (NiO), and iron oxide (FeO) A transition metal oxide that does not undergo an alloying reaction with the metal may be used as the negative electrode active material. Further materials that can react include Fe2O3, CuO, Cu2O, RuO2, Cr2 Oxides such as O3, CoS 0.89 , sulfides such as NiS and CuS, Zn3N2, Cu3N, Nitrides such as Ge3N4, phosphides such as NiP2, FeP2, CoP3, FeF3, BiF This also occurs with fluorides such as 3. Note that the potential of the above fluorides is high, so they are not used as positive electrode active materials. It's fine.

[0261] When the negative electrode active material layer 506 is formed by a coating method, the negative electrode active material and the binder are mixed. A negative electrode paste (slurry) is prepared, applied onto the negative electrode current collector 505, and dried. A conductive additive may be added to the negative electrode paste.

[0262] Graphene may be formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer 506. When the material is silicon, the charge-discharge cycle causes the charge-discharge cycle to Since the change in area is large, the adhesion between the negative electrode current collector 505 and the negative electrode active material layer 506 decreases, and the charging The battery characteristics deteriorate due to discharge. When graphene is formed on the surface, the volume of silicon changes during the charge / discharge cycle. Even if the negative electrode current collector 505 and the negative electrode active material layer 506 are not adhered to each other, a decrease in the adhesion between the negative electrode current collector 505 and the negative electrode active material layer 506 can be suppressed. This is preferable because it reduces the deterioration of the battery characteristics.

[0263] In addition, a coating of oxide or the like may be formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer 506. The coating formed by the decomposition of the electrolyte releases the amount of charge consumed during its formation. In contrast, a film of oxide or the like is formed on the negative electrode active material in advance, and irreversible capacity is formed. By providing the electrode on the surface of the porous layer 506, it is possible to suppress or prevent the occurrence of irreversible capacitance. do.

[0264] The coating that coats the negative electrode active material layer 506 may contain niobium, titanium, vanadium, tantalum, or the like. Ta, tungsten, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, chromium, aluminum or silicon oxide film, or a film containing one of these elements and lithium Such a coating is not susceptible to damage caused by the decomposition products of conventional electrolytes. This film is sufficiently dense compared to the coating formed on the outermost surface.

[0265] For example, niobium oxide (Nb2O5) has an electrical conductivity of 10 -9 Low S / cm and high Therefore, the niobium oxide film prevents the electrochemical decomposition reaction between the negative electrode active material and the electrolyte. On the other hand, the lithium diffusion coefficient of niobium oxide is 10 -9 cm 2 / sec, and high It has high lithium ion conductivity, which allows lithium ions to pass through. Silicon oxide or aluminum oxide may also be used.

[0266] The film that covers the negative electrode active material layer 506 can be formed by, for example, a sol-gel method. The sol-gel method is a method in which a solution of metal alkoxides or metal salts is subjected to a hydrolysis reaction. This method involves forming a gel that has lost its fluidity through a polycondensation reaction, and then baking this gel to form a thin film. The sol-gel method is a method for forming thin films from a liquid phase, so the raw materials must be homogenized at the molecular level. Therefore, the raw material of the metal oxide film at the solvent stage can be mixed with a negative electrode active material such as graphite. By adding a binder, the active material can be easily dispersed in the gel. A coating can be formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer 506. By using the coating, This can prevent a decrease in the capacity of the battery.

[0267] [Separator] The separator 503 may be made of a material such as cellulose or polypropylene (PP ), polyethylene (PE), polybutene, nylon, polyester, polysulfone, poly Acrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide Porous insulators such as polyethylene terephthalate (PE) can be used. Nonwoven fabrics such as glass fiber and gas A membrane made of a composite of lath fiber and polymer fiber may also be used.

[0268] [Electrolyte] The electrolytic solution 504 is an electrolyte in which carrier ions can move and A material containing lithium ions is used. Typical examples of electrolytes include LiPF6, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiBF4, LiCF3SO3, Li(CF3SO2)2 N, Li(C2F5SO2)2N, Li(SO2F)2N, etc. The electrolytes may be used alone or in any combination and ratio of two or more. Good too.

[0269] The solvent of the electrolytic solution 504 is a material in which carrier ions can move. The solvent for the liquid is preferably an aprotic organic solvent. Typical examples of the aprotic organic solvent are: Examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate. diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), γ-butyl These include lactone, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, and tetrahydrofuran. In addition, a polymer that can be gelled as a solvent for the electrolyte can be used. By using materials, or adding polymer materials to the electrolyte for gelation, leakage etc. can be reduced. This improves safety against battery damage. It also makes it possible to make the storage battery thinner and lighter. Representative examples of molecular materials are silicone gel, acrylic gel, acrylonitrile gel, poly Polyethylene oxide gel, polypropylene oxide gel, fluorine polymer gel In addition, ionic liquids (solvents at room temperature) that are flame-retardant and non-volatile are used as solvents for electrolytes. By using one or more molten salts, the internal temperature of the battery can be reduced by an internal short circuit or overcharging. Even if the temperature rises, the battery can be prevented from exploding or catching fire. Ionic liquids are salts in a state where cations and The ionic liquid contains ethylmethylimidazolium (EMI) cation and anion. Ionic liquids containing methyl methyl piperidinium (PP) 13 ) Click Examples include ionic liquids containing ions.

[0270] [Exterior body] There are various types of secondary battery structures, but in this embodiment, the shape of the exterior body 507 is The film used to form the exterior body 507 is a metal film ( Aluminum, stainless steel, nickel steel, etc.), plastic film made from organic materials , hybrids containing organic materials (such as organic resins and fibers) and inorganic materials (such as ceramics) Material films, carbon-containing inorganic films (carbon films, graphite films, etc.) A single layer film selected from the above or a laminated film made up of a plurality of these is used. The rubber is easy to emboss, and when recesses or protrusions are formed by embossing, the outer Since the surface area of ​​the exterior body 507 that comes into contact with the air increases, the heat dissipation effect is excellent.

[0271] In addition, when the shape of the secondary battery 102 is changed by applying an external force, the shape of the secondary battery 102 When external bending stress is applied to the exterior body 507, a part of the exterior body 507 is deformed or broken. By forming a recess or a protrusion on the exterior body 507, Therefore, the strain caused by the stress applied to the secondary battery 10 can be alleviated. This can improve the reliability of 2. Note that strain is the change in the length of an object relative to its reference length (initial state). It is a measure of deformation that indicates the displacement of a material point in an object. This reduces the effect of strain caused by applying external force to the storage battery to within an acceptable range. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly reliable electricity storage unit.

[0272] The above is a description of the configuration example.

[0273] [Example of manufacturing method] An example of a method for manufacturing the secondary battery 102 will be described below.

[0274] [Prepare the positive electrode and cover it with a separator] First, a positive electrode 511 having a positive electrode active material layer 502 formed thereon is placed on a separator 503 ( See Figure 26(A). In Figure 26(A), the slits are formed to create a meandering shape. 5 shows an example in which the positive electrode current collector 501 has positive electrode active material layers 502 on both sides.

[0275] By forming a slit in the positive electrode current collector 501, when the secondary battery 102 is bent, It is possible to prevent the positions of the ends of multiple current collectors from shifting. This allows the tension applied to the current collector to be reduced.

[0276] In addition, when the negative electrode 515 is superimposed on the negative electrode 515 in a later step, the region 5 that overlaps with the slit of the negative electrode 515 The positive electrode active material layer 502 is not provided on the negative electrode 515. When the positive electrode active material layer 502 is provided on the surface 511a, the negative electrode active material is formed in the region overlapping with the positive electrode active material layer 502. The substance layer 506 is absent, which may cause problems during the battery reaction. Carrier ions emitted from the positive electrode active material layer 502 are introduced into the negative electrode active material layer 506 closest to the slit. As a result, there is a risk that carrier ions will be concentrated in the negative electrode active material layer 506. Therefore, the positive electrode active material layer 502 is not provided in the region 511a that overlaps with the slit of the negative electrode 515. Therefore, the deposition of carrier ions into the negative electrode active material layer 506 can be suppressed.

[0277] Next, the separator 503 is folded along the dotted line in FIG. 26(A), and the separator 50 3 sandwiches the positive electrode 511. Next, the outer peripheral portion of the separator 503 on the outside of the positive electrode 511 is joined. The separator 503 is formed in a pouch shape (see FIG. 26(B)). The outer periphery may be joined using an adhesive, ultrasonic welding, or heat fusion. It may also be carried out by

[0278] In this embodiment, polypropylene is used as separator 503, and separator 50 The outer periphery of the 3 is bonded by heating. The bonded portion 503a is shown in FIG. 26(B). The positive electrode 511 can be covered with a separator 503. The separator 503 is a positive electrode active material. It is only necessary to form the layer so as to cover the substance layer 502 , and it is not necessary to cover the entire positive electrode 511 .

[0279] In FIG. 26, the separator 503 is folded, but in one embodiment of the present invention, For example, the positive electrode 511 may be sandwiched between two separators. In this case, the joint portion 503a may be formed so as to surround most of the four sides.

[0280] The outer periphery of the separator 503 may be joined intermittently or at regular intervals. The bonding may be in the form of dots.

[0281] Alternatively, joining may be performed on only one side of the outer periphery. Alternatively, joining may be performed on only two sides of the outer periphery. Alternatively, joining may be performed on the four sides of the outer periphery. All four sides can be made even.

[0282] In addition, in FIG. 26 and the like, the case where the positive electrode 511 is covered with the separator 503 is described. However, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, instead of the positive electrode 511, the negative electrode 515 may be covered by the separator 503. The sensor 503 may be covered with the sensor.

[0283] [Prepare the negative electrode] Next, a negative electrode 515 is prepared (see FIG. 26(C)). In FIG. 26(C), a slit is formed. The negative electrode current collector 505 has a meandering shape formed by forming a negative electrode active material layer 506 on both sides. Here is an example:

[0284] By forming a slit in the negative electrode current collector 505, when the secondary battery 102 is bent, It is possible to prevent the positions of the ends of multiple current collectors from shifting. This allows the tension applied to the current collector to be reduced.

[0285] [Put the positive and negative electrodes together and connect the leads] Next, the positive electrode 511 and the negative electrode 515 are stacked (see FIG. 27(A)). In this embodiment, an example is shown in which two positive electrodes 511 and two negative electrodes 515 are used.

[0286] Next, the positive electrode tabs of the plurality of positive electrode current collectors 501 and the positive electrode lead 521 having the sealing layer 520 are The two parts are electrically connected by applying pressure and irradiating them with ultrasonic waves (ultrasonic welding).

[0287] In addition, the lead electrodes may crack due to stress caused by external force applied after the electricity storage unit is manufactured. or breakage may occur.

[0288] Therefore, when ultrasonically welding the positive electrode lead 521, it is sandwiched by a bonding die having a protrusion. This allows the connection region and the curved portion to be formed on the positive electrode tab (FIG. 27(B)).

[0289] By providing this curved portion, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery 102 from being subjected to external force after fabrication. Therefore, the reliability of the secondary battery 102 can be improved. do.

[0290] Furthermore, the positive electrode tab is not limited to being curved, and the material of the positive electrode current collector may be stainless steel. The thickness of the positive electrode current collector is set to 10 μm or less, which makes it easy to fabricate a secondary battery. The structure may be such that stress caused by external force being applied from the outside after manufacturing can be easily alleviated.

[0291] Of course, it goes without saying that a combination of these may be used to alleviate stress concentration on the positive electrode tab. None.

[0292] Similarly to the positive electrode current collector 501, the negative electrode tab of the negative electrode current collector 505 and the sealing layer 520 are The negative electrode lead 525 is electrically connected by ultrasonic welding.

[0293] [Prepare an outer casing to cover the positive and negative electrodes] The film used for the exterior is folded and the overlapping side is joined by thermocompression. In (B), the portion where one side of the exterior body 507 is joined by thermocompression is shown as a joint 507a. The positive electrode 511 and the negative electrode 515 are covered with this exterior body 507 .

[0294] [Inject the electrolyte] Next, the sealing layer 520 having the positive electrode lead 521 and the sealing layer 525 having the negative electrode lead 525 are Similarly, one side of the exterior body 507 that overlaps with 520 is heat-sealed (FIG. 28(A)). The electrolyte 504 is poured from the unsealed side 507b of the exterior body 507 shown in FIG. 28(A). It is placed in an area covered with the exterior body 507.

[0295] Then, the remaining side of the exterior body 507 is sealed while vacuuming, heating and pressurizing. The secondary battery 102 is obtained (FIG. 28(B)). The injection of the electrolyte and the sealing are performed by a glove box. The vacuum sealer and the injection device are used in an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to use a sealer or similar. It is also recommended to clamp the seal between two heatable bars of the sealer. Heating and pressure can be applied by the following method. For example, the vacuum level is 60kJ. The temperature can be adjusted to 190°C, the pressure to 0.1 MPa, and the time can be set to 3 seconds. Alternatively, pressure may be applied to the unit from above the exterior body 507. By applying pressure, gas that was mixed in during injection can be removed. Bubbles can be removed from between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0296] [Modification] As a modification of the secondary battery 102, a secondary battery 102 is shown in FIG. 29(A). The secondary battery 102 shown in FIG. 24 has a positive electrode lead 521 and a negative electrode lead 24 differs from the above in that the positive electrode lead 521 and the positive electrode lead 525 are arranged differently. The negative electrode lead 525 is disposed on the same side of the exterior body 507, but the negative electrode lead 525 is disposed on the same side of the exterior body 507. In 02, the positive electrode lead 521 and the negative electrode lead 525 are attached to different sides of the outer casing 507. In this way, the secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention allows the lead electrodes to be freely arranged. Therefore, the degree of design freedom is high. In addition, the manufacturing method of a product using a secondary battery of one embodiment of the present invention can be improved. Productivity can be increased.

[0297] FIG. 29(B) is a diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of the secondary battery 102 of FIG. 29(A). 29B, the manufacturing method of the secondary battery 102 in FIG. 24 can be referred to. The electrolyte 504 is omitted.

[0298] In addition, in order to make the surface of the film used for the exterior body 507 uneven in advance, press processing, e.g. For example, embossing may be performed. By providing the film surface with irregularities, it is possible to improve the properties of the film as a secondary battery. Flexibility and stress relief are improved. Embossing improves the film surface (or The recessed or protruding portions formed on the back surface of the film are the volume of the space that makes the film a part of the wall of the sealing structure. This closed space is formed by the concave or convex parts of the film forming a bellows structure. It can be said that it is formed as a bellows structure. Any method that can form a relief on a part of a film may be used, regardless of the method.

[0299] Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to these. Since various inventive aspects have been described, it is understood that one aspect of the present invention is not limited to any particular aspect. For example, as one embodiment of the present invention, an example in which the present invention is applied to a lithium ion secondary battery is shown below. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a battery that can be used in a variety of secondary batteries, lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries, etc. nickel-ion polymer secondary battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, Nickel-iron batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, silver-oxide-zinc batteries, solid-state batteries, air batteries, The present invention may be applied to secondary batteries, capacitors, lithium ion capacitors, etc. The above embodiment does not necessarily have to be applied to lithium ion secondary batteries.

[0300] The above is an explanation of an example of the manufacturing method.

[0301] This embodiment may be combined, at least in part, with other embodiments described in this specification. It can be implemented in combination. [Explanation of symbols]

[0302] 10 Wheels 10a wheels 10b wheels 10c wheels 10d wheels 11 Rim 12 Disk section 13 Bolt holes 15 parts 20 Battery 20a battery 20b battery 20c battery 20d battery 21 Connector 22 terminals 23 Cable 25 circuits 26 Antenna 27 Window 30 Power transmission mechanism 41 Battery 42 Battery 43 Battery 45 terminals 50 body 51 Fixed part 52 connectors 53 Antenna 54 Cable 55 Antenna support 60 Power transmission mechanism 61 Control Unit 62 Power Control Unit 62a Power control section 62b Power control section 62c Power control section 62d Power control section 63 Engine 64 motor 64a motor 64b motor 64c motor 64d motor 65 Battery 66 Braking control unit 70 wheels 71 Power Control Unit 72 Power Control Unit 80 Systems 80a System 80b system 80c system 80d System 80e System 80f system 90 Automobiles 91 Arrow 92 Arrow 102 Secondary battery 111 Positive electrode 115 Negative electrode 121 Positive lead 125 Negative lead 501 Positive electrode current collector 502 Positive electrode active material layer 503 Separator 503a joint 504 Electrolyte 505 Negative electrode current collector 506 Negative electrode active material layer 507 Exterior body 507a Joint Around 507b 511 Positive electrode 511a area 515 negative electrode 520 Sealing layer 521 Positive lead 525 Negative lead 8021 Charging device 8022 cable 8400 Automobiles 8401 Headlight 8500 cars 8600 Electric motorcycle 8601 Body 8602 Wheels 8603 Tires 8604 Handlebars 8605 Operating lever

Claims

1. A wheel including a rim portion, a disk portion, a battery, and a power transmission mechanism, the battery is provided inside the rim portion or along the surface of the rim portion; the battery is a secondary battery sealed in a film, has a strip shape, and is wound around the cylindrical portion of the rim portion; The battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte solution; the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector, the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector, The positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector each have a slit and a serpentine shape.

2. In claim 1, the positive electrode or the negative electrode has a region covered with the separator, The wheel, wherein the positive electrode active material layer is not provided in an area of ​​the negative electrode current collector that overlaps with the slit.

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