Bearing wall

Abstract

To provide a bearing wall used for a wooden skeleton, which can suppress early shear buckling of a metal wall surface material caused by transmission of a horizontal load while ensuring workability of the wall surface material.SOLUTION: A bearing wall used for a wooden skeleton comprises: a pair of wooden vertical frame materials arranged at an interval in a horizontal direction to vertically extend and connected to adjacent pillar materials of the wooden skeleton by twist materials; openings formed into flat plate shapes and provided at intervals in a vertical direction; annular ribs provided along the edges of the openings to protrude in a plate thickness direction from the edges; and a metal wall surface material having vertical edges of both sides joined to the vertical frame materials by connectors.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to load-bearing walls. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a bearing wall made of perforated steel plates with a plurality of holes distributed between adjacent wooden posts. The perforated steel plates that make up this bearing wall have double-bent sections on both sides that contact the side surfaces of the posts, and the double-bent sections are fixed to the posts with drill-tipped wood screws. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5921954 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the shear wall of Patent Document 1, double bends are formed on both side edges of the perforated steel plate, which increases the mass of the perforated steel plate and reduces construction ease. One possible way to prevent the increase in mass of the perforated steel plate is to increase the number and size of the through holes formed in the perforated steel plate. However, increasing the number and size of the through holes raises concerns that the perforated steel plate may undergo early shear buckling when a horizontal load is transmitted due to an earthquake or other event. Furthermore, because the double bends are fixed with woodworking screws while abutting the sides of adjacent wooden columns, construction may be difficult if the dimensions between the adjacent wooden columns and the dimensions of the perforated steel plate in the wall width direction are inaccurate.

[0005] The present disclosure aims to prevent early shear buckling of wall materials due to the transmission of horizontal loads caused by earthquakes, etc., while ensuring the workability of metal wall materials in load-bearing walls used in wooden structures. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A first aspect of the present disclosure is a load-bearing wall used in a wooden structure, comprising: a pair of wooden vertical frame members arranged horizontally at a distance from one another, extending vertically, and joined by screws to adjacent column members of the wooden structure; and a metal wall member formed in the shape of a flat plate, with openings spaced apart vertically and annular ribs arranged along the edges of the openings and protruding from the edges in the thickness direction, and with both vertical edges joined to the pair of vertical frame members by connectors.

[0007] In the first type of shear wall, a pair of wooden vertical frame members are joined to adjacent column members of a wooden skeleton using screws. The vertical edges on both sides of a flat metal wall member are joined to the pair of vertical frame members using fasteners. In this way, in a shear wall, the pair of vertical frame members to which the wall members are joined are joined to the adjacent column members using screws. Therefore, compared to a case where a pair of vertical frame members are joined to the adjacent column members using nails, the vertical frame members are less likely to be pulled apart from the column members due to deformation caused by the transmission of a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like. In other words, damage to the joints between the column members and the vertical frame members can be suppressed.

[0008] In addition, in the first type of shear wall, because the wall material is joined to adjacent pillars via a pair of vertical frame members, the increase in mass of the wall material can be suppressed compared to, for example, a wall material that has a bent section and is joined directly to the adjacent pillars. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the joint position between the vertical frame member and the wall material, it is possible to absorb errors in the spacing between adjacent pillars and the wall width dimension of the wall material.

[0009] Furthermore, in the first type of shear wall, an annular rib is provided along the edge of the opening in the wall material, which makes it possible to prevent early shear buckling of the wall material due to the transmission of horizontal loads caused by earthquakes, etc., compared to a configuration in which a rib is not provided along the edge of the opening.

[0010] A second aspect of the present disclosure is a load-bearing wall of the first aspect, in which the screw members joining the pillar members and the vertical frame members are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the vertical frame members.

[0011] In the second type of shear wall, the screw members that join the column members and the vertical frame members are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the vertical frame member. Therefore, compared to a wall in which the screw members are arranged in a row in the extension direction of the vertical frame member, when a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the extension direction of the vertical frame member starting from the screw members.

[0012] A third aspect of the present disclosure is a shear wall according to the first or second aspect, further comprising a pair of wooden horizontal frame members that respectively connect the upper ends and lower ends of the pair of vertical frame members, the pair of horizontal frame members being respectively joined by screws to a pair of horizontal members of the wooden skeleton that respectively connect the upper ends and lower ends of the adjacent columns, and the wall material having upper and lower horizontal edges respectively joined to the pair of horizontal frame members by connectors.

[0013] In the third type of shear wall, a pair of wooden horizontal frame members are joined to a pair of horizontal members of a wooden skeleton using screws. The upper and lower horizontal edges of the wall material are then joined to the pair of horizontal frame members using fasteners. In this way, in a shear wall, the pair of horizontal frame members to which the wall material is joined are joined to the pair of horizontal members using screws. Therefore, compared to a shear wall in which the pair of horizontal frame members are joined to the pair of horizontal members using nails, for example, horizontal displacement of the horizontal frame members relative to the horizontal members can be suppressed when a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like is transmitted. In other words, damage to the joints between the horizontal members and the horizontal frame members can be suppressed.

[0014] In addition, in the third type of shear wall, because the wall material is joined to a pair of cross members via a pair of horizontal frame members, the increase in the mass of the wall material can be suppressed compared to, for example, a wall material having a bent portion formed therein and joined directly to the pair of cross members. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the joining position between the horizontal frame member and the wall material, it is possible to absorb errors in the spacing between the pair of cross members and the vertical dimension of the wall material.

[0015] A fourth aspect of the present disclosure is a shear wall of the third aspect, in which the screw members joining the cross member and the horizontal frame member are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the horizontal frame member.

[0016] In the fourth type of shear wall, the screw members that join the cross member and the horizontal frame member are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the horizontal frame member.Therefore, compared to a wall in which the screw members are arranged in a row in the extension direction of the horizontal frame member, when a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the extension direction of the horizontal frame member starting from the screw members.

[0017] A fifth aspect of the present disclosure is the bearing wall according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the openings are formed in a row between a pair of the vertical frame members.

[0018] In the fifth embodiment of the shear wall, a row of openings is formed between a pair of vertical frame members, and therefore, when wrinkle-like out-of-plane deformation occurs in the wall material due to a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like, a tension field (also called a diagonal tension field) is formed in the wall material between adjacent openings in the vertical direction. In this way, in the shear wall, the tension field is formed more dispersedly in the vertical direction than in a wall material without openings, for example, and therefore the angle between the direction of the tension field and the direction of the horizontal load is smaller, allowing the wall to resist a large horizontal load more efficiently.

[0019] A sixth aspect of the present disclosure is a shear wall according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, further comprising a wooden reinforcing member arranged between a pair of vertical frame members and extending in the vertical direction, the wall material being joined to the reinforcing member with a connector, and the wall material having a row of openings formed between one of the pair of vertical frame members and the reinforcing member, and another row of openings formed between the other vertical frame member and the reinforcing member.

[0020] In the sixth embodiment of the shear wall, a row of openings is formed between one of a pair of vertical frame members and the reinforcing member, and another row of openings is formed between the other vertical frame member and the reinforcing member. Therefore, in the case of the shear wall, when wrinkle-like out-of-plane deformation occurs in the wall material due to a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like, a tension field (also called a diagonal tension field) is formed in the portion of the wall material between adjacent openings in the vertical direction. In this way, in the shear wall, the tension field is formed more dispersedly in the vertical direction than in a wall material without openings, for example. Therefore, the angle between the direction of the tension field and the direction of the horizontal load is smaller, and the wall can more efficiently resist a large horizontal load.

[0021] A seventh aspect of the present disclosure is the bearing wall of any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the wall surface material is provided with a mark indicating the up and down directions.

[0022] In the seventh embodiment of the shear wall, the wall material is provided with markings indicating the up-down direction, which prevents the wall material from being attached to the wooden structure with the up-down direction incorrect at the construction site.

[0023] An eighth aspect of the present disclosure is the bearing wall of the seventh aspect, wherein an adjustment section for adjusting the length in the up-down direction is provided on the lower end side of the wall surface material.

[0024] In the eighth aspect of the bearing wall, an adjustment section for adjusting the vertical length is provided on the lower end side of the wall material, so that the vertical length of the wall material can be adjusted at the construction site.

[0025] A ninth aspect of the present disclosure is a wooden building comprising a wooden skeleton assembled from a plurality of pillars and a plurality of cross members, and a bearing wall of any one of the first to eighth aspects used in the wooden skeleton.

[0026] In the shear walls of any one of the first to eighth modes, the vertical frame members are prevented from being pulled away from the pillar members due to deformation when a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like is transmitted. Furthermore, the workability of the wall materials is ensured, and early shear buckling of the wall materials due to the transmission of a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like is prevented. In the wooden building of the ninth mode, the use of the above-mentioned shear walls increases the seismic energy that can be absorbed per unit wall volume, thereby improving seismic performance and increasing the flexibility of floor plans by reducing the number of shear walls installed. Furthermore, by preventing an increase in the mass of the wall materials, a decrease in the workability of the wall materials is prevented. These features make it possible to realize wooden buildings that are safe and labor-saving to construct. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] According to the present disclosure, in a load-bearing wall used in a wooden structure, it is possible to prevent early shear buckling of the wall material due to the transmission of horizontal load while ensuring the workability of the metal wall material. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a load-bearing wall according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the bearing wall of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a front view of the bearing wall of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 4 is an enlarged view of a cross section taken along the line 4X-4X of FIG. 3. [Figure 5] 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line 5X-5X of FIG. 3. [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is a front view of the bearing wall of FIG. 3 installed on a wooden frame. [Figure 7] 7 is an enlarged view of a cross section taken along the line 7X-7X of FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line 8X-8X of FIG. 6. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a front view of a load-bearing wall according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. Components indicated by the same reference numerals in each drawing are identical or similar components. Note that duplicated descriptions and reference numerals may be omitted in the embodiments described below. Furthermore, all drawings used in the following description are schematic, and the dimensional relationships, ratios, etc. of each element shown in the drawings do not necessarily match those of reality. Furthermore, the dimensional relationships, ratios, etc. of each element between multiple drawings do not necessarily match.

[0030] [First embodiment] 1 to 8 show a bearing wall 20 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure and a wooden building 100 using this bearing wall 20. The arrow UP shown in the figures indicates the upward direction of the wooden building 100 in which the bearing wall 20 of this embodiment is used. The arrow W shown in the figures indicates the width direction of the bearing wall 20 (hereinafter referred to as the "wall width direction" as appropriate), and the arrow T indicates the thickness direction of the bearing wall 20 (hereinafter referred to as the "wall thickness direction" as appropriate). In this embodiment, the wall width direction coincides with the horizontal direction of the wooden building 100. The wall width direction and the wall thickness direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0031] <100 Wooden Buildings> First, a wooden building 100 using a bearing wall 20 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the wooden building 100 comprises a wooden skeleton 102 and a bearing wall 20 installed on the wooden skeleton 102. The wooden skeleton 102 is a post-and-beam framework constructed using a post and beam method, and is formed by assembling a plurality of columns and a plurality of cross members. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the wooden skeleton 102 comprises a plurality of columns 104, lower cross members 108 to which the lower ends of the plurality of columns 104 are respectively fixed, and upper cross members 106 to which the upper ends of the plurality of columns 104 are respectively fixed. Note that the columns 104, upper cross members 106, and lower cross members 108 in this embodiment are each made of wood having a substantially rectangular cross section.

[0032] As shown in Figure 6, the bearing wall 20 is disposed between adjacent columns 104 of a wooden skeleton 102. In this bearing wall 20, a pair of vertical frame members 26 (described later) are joined to adjacent columns 104, respectively. By joining the pair of vertical frame members 26 to adjacent columns 104 in this manner, the bearing wall 20 is installed in the wooden skeleton 102. In addition, in the bearing wall 20, of a pair of horizontal frame members 40 (described later), the upper horizontal frame member 42 is joined to an upper cross member 106, and the lower horizontal frame member 44 is joined to a lower cross member 108.

[0033] The bearing wall 20 of this embodiment is used as a main wall of the wooden building 100. Interior materials (not shown) are arranged on the front side of the bearing wall 20 (the left side of the bearing wall 20 in FIG. 7), i.e., on the indoor side of the building, and exterior materials (not shown) are arranged on the back side of the bearing wall 20 (the right side of the bearing wall 20 in FIG. 7), i.e., on the outdoor side of the building.

[0034] <Load-bearing wall 20> As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bearing wall 20 of this embodiment includes a wall member 22 and a pair of vertical frame members 26.

[0035] (Wall material 22) As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the wall material 22 of this embodiment is a rectangular, flat metal plate (in this embodiment, a steel plate (a so-called thin plate) having a thickness of 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm). A plurality of openings 28 (six in this embodiment) are formed in the wall material 22 at intervals in the vertical direction. These six openings 28 are formed in a vertical row. In this embodiment, the centers of all of the openings 28 are located on a center line that passes through the center of the wall material 22 in the wall width direction and extends in the vertical direction, but the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration. For example, the centers of all of the openings 28 may be located on a straight line offset to one side or the other in the wall width direction with respect to the center line of the wall material 22. In this embodiment, the width direction and thickness direction of the wall material 22 are the same as the wall width direction and wall thickness direction, respectively.

[0036] 3, the shape of the openings 28 is circular when viewed from the wall thickness direction of the wall material 22. When viewed from the wall thickness direction of the wall material 22, the shapes and sizes of the openings 28 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are the same. In this embodiment, all of the openings 28 are set to the same shape and size. Furthermore, the diameter of the openings 28 is set to 150 mm or more, more preferably 200 mm or more, from the perspective of passing piping and wiring through them.

[0037] As shown in Figures 1 and 4, an annular rib 24 is provided along the edge of the opening 28 of the wall surface material 22. The rib 24 is an annular protrusion that protrudes from the edge in the wall thickness direction. In this embodiment, the rib 24 protrudes toward the other side in the wall thickness direction (the right side in Figure 4). In this embodiment, the shape of the opening 28 is circular, so the shape of the rib 24 is annular.

[0038] In this embodiment, the openings 28 and the ribs 24 are formed in the wall material 22 by burring the metal plate that will become the wall material 22. Therefore, the ribs 24 are formed integrally with the wall material 22. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the above configuration, and for example, the openings 28 may be formed in the wall material 22 by press working, and the ribs 24 may be formed by joining a circular annular member (a cylindrical member) to the edge of the openings 28.

[0039] Furthermore, a mark 23 indicating the up-down direction may be provided on the wall material 22. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , the mark 23 may be provided between the top end of the wall material 22 and the uppermost opening 28. For example, the mark 23 may be provided on the wall material 22 by processing the surface of the wall material 22, by printing on the surface of the wall material 22, or by attaching a sticker or the like to the surface of the wall material 22. Note that the mark 23 is not particularly limited as long as it can indicate the up-down direction of the wall material 22. In the present embodiment, as an example, the words "upper side of wall material" are printed on the surface of the wall material 22.

[0040] An adjustment section 22D for adjusting the vertical length may be provided at the lower end of the wall material 22. This adjustment section 22D is a section for adjusting the vertical length of the wall material 22 by cutting at the construction site. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , the adjustment section 22D is set in a range from a predetermined position below the lowest opening 28 to the lower end of the wall material 22. Note that the predetermined position here refers to a position on the wall material 22 that indicates the boundary of the adjustment section 22D. This predetermined position is made visible by a mark 25 attached to the wall material 22 before cutting. For example, the mark 25 may be attached to the wall material 22, may be attached by printing on the surface of the wall material 22, or may be attached to the wall material 22 by attaching a sticker or the like to the surface of the wall material 22. Note that the type of mark 25 is not particularly limited as long as the predetermined position indicating the boundary of the adjustment section 22D can be visually identified. In this embodiment, as an example, a sticker with the words "Cutting Adjustment Section" printed on it is attached to the surface of the wall material 22.

[0041] (Vertical frame material 26) As shown in Figures 1 and 3, a pair of vertical frame members 26 are arranged with a gap in the horizontal direction (the wall width direction). Each of these vertical frame members 26 is a long piece of wood extending vertically, and has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. As shown in Figure 5, the vertical edge portions 22A of the wall material 22 on both sides in the wall width direction are joined to each of the vertical frame members 26 with connectors 30. In this embodiment, as an example, the wall material 22 is joined to the vertical frame members 26 by driving the connectors 30 from the wall material 22 toward the vertical frame members 26. Note that the connectors 30 may be, for example, nails.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 8, a pair of vertical frame members 26 are joined to adjacent column members 104 by screws 37. For example, drilled wood screws may be used as the screws 37. In this embodiment, flat head screws for wood are used as the screws 37. The shaft diameter of the screws 37 should be set within a range of 4 mm to 6 mm. The length of the screws 37 should be set within a range of 1.5 to 3.5 times the thickness of the frame members to be joined. The vertical spacing between the screws 37 should be set to 100 mm or less, preferably 75 mm or less. The screws 37 may be made of a material such as cold heading carbon steel wire SWCH22A. In this embodiment, as an example, the vertical frame member 26 is joined to the pillar member 104 by screwing (driving) the screw member 37 from the vertical frame member 26 toward the pillar member 104.

[0043] In the following description, multiple joints between the vertical frame member 26 and the column member 104 using the screw members 37 are formed at intervals in the vertical direction. In the bearing wall 20 of this embodiment, the joints are provided at approximately regular intervals, but the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration. For example, when a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the bearing wall 20, the joints may be densely arranged in an area where a large shear force acts.

[0044] The screw members 37 may be arranged in a staggered pattern in the extending direction of the vertical frame member 26 (the up-and-down direction in this embodiment).

[0045] As shown in FIG. 8, it is preferable that the length of the screw material 37 is set to a length that does not reach the center of the pillar material 104.

[0046] In the bearing wall 20 of this embodiment, six openings 28 are formed in a row in the wall surface material 22 between a pair of vertical frame members 26, as shown in FIG.

[0047] (Horizontal frame material 40) 2 and 3, the bearing wall 20 further has a pair of upper and lower horizontal frame members 40. The upper horizontal frame member 40 of the pair of horizontal frame members 40 is referred to as the upper horizontal frame member 42, and the lower horizontal frame member 40 is referred to as the lower horizontal frame member 44.

[0048] 1 and 2, the upper horizontal frame member 42 is a long piece of wood extending in the wall width direction and abuts against the upper ends of the pair of vertical frame members 26. The cross-sectional shape of the upper horizontal frame member 42 in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal direction (also referred to as the extension direction) is generally rectangular. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper horizontal edges 22B of the wall material 22 are joined to the upper horizontal frame member 42 by connectors 30. In this embodiment, as an example, the wall material 22 is joined to the upper horizontal frame member 42 by driving the connectors 30 from the wall material 22 toward the upper horizontal frame member 42.

[0049] 7, the upper horizontal frame member 42 is joined to the upper cross member 106 by a screw member 38. The screw member 38 may have the same specifications as the screw member 37. In this embodiment, as an example, the upper horizontal frame member 42 is joined to the upper cross member 106 by screwing (driving) the screw member 38 from the upper horizontal frame member 42 into the upper cross member 106.

[0050] The screws 38 may be arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the upper horizontal frame member 42 (the up-and-down direction in this embodiment).

[0051] Furthermore, it is preferable that the length of the screw member 38 is long enough not to reach the center of the upper cross member 106 .

[0052] In addition, in this embodiment, the upper horizontal frame member 42 abuts against the upper ends of the pair of vertical frame members 26, but the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration. There may be a slight gap between the end of the upper horizontal frame member 42 in the wall width direction and the upper end of the vertical frame member 26, or the end of the upper horizontal frame member 42 in the wall width direction and the upper end of the vertical frame member 26 may be connected by a connector or the like.

[0053] 1 and 2, the lower horizontal frame member 44 is a long piece of wood extending in the wall width direction and abuts against the lower ends of the pair of vertical frame members 26. The cross-sectional shape of the lower horizontal frame member 44 in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal direction (also referred to as the extension direction) is generally rectangular. As shown in FIG. 4, the lower horizontal edges 22C of the wall material 22 are joined to the lower horizontal frame member 44 by connectors 30. In this embodiment, as an example, the wall material 22 is joined to the lower horizontal frame member 44 by driving the connectors 30 from the wall material 22 toward the lower horizontal frame member 44.

[0054] 7, the lower horizontal frame member 44 is joined to the lower cross member 108 by a screw member 39. The screw member 39 may have the same specifications as the screw member 37. In this embodiment, as an example, the lower horizontal frame member 44 is joined to the lower cross member 108 by screwing (driving) the screw member 39 from the lower horizontal frame member 44 into the lower cross member 108.

[0055] The screw members 39 may be arranged in a staggered pattern in the extending direction of the lower horizontal frame member 44 (the up-and-down direction in this embodiment).

[0056] Furthermore, it is preferable that the length of the screw material 39 is long enough so that it does not reach the center of the lower horizontal frame material 44.

[0057] In addition, in this embodiment, the lower horizontal frame member 44 abuts the lower ends of the pair of vertical frame members 26, but the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration. There may be a slight gap between the end of the lower horizontal frame member 44 in the wall width direction and the lower end of the vertical frame members 26, or the end of the lower horizontal frame member 44 in the wall width direction and the lower end of the vertical frame members 26 may be connected by a connector or the like.

[0058] Next, the function and effect of the bearing wall 20 of this embodiment will be described.

[0059] In the shear wall 20 of this embodiment, a pair of vertical frame members 26 are joined to adjacent pillar members 104 with screws 37. The vertical edge portions 22A on both sides of the flat-plate-shaped wall member 22 are joined to the pair of vertical frame members 26 with fasteners 30. In this way, in the shear wall 20, the pair of vertical frame members 26 to which the wall members 22 are joined are joined to adjacent pillar members 104 with screws 37. Therefore, compared to a case in which the pair of vertical frame members 26 are joined to adjacent pillar members 104 with fasteners 30, the vertical frame members 26 are less likely to be pulled apart (torn apart) from the pillar members 104 due to deformation when a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like is transmitted. In other words, damage to the joints between the pillar members 104 and the vertical frame members 26 can be suppressed.

[0060] Furthermore, in the bearing wall 20, the wall material 22 is joined to adjacent pillar materials 104 via a pair of vertical frame materials 26, so that an increase in the mass of the wall material 22 can be suppressed compared to, for example, forming a bent portion in the wall material 22 and joining this bent portion directly to the adjacent pillar material 104. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the position where the vertical frame materials 26 and the wall material 22 are joined, it is possible to absorb errors in the spacing between adjacent pillar materials 104 and the dimension of the wall material 22 in the wall width direction.

[0061] Furthermore, in the load-bearing wall 20, ribs 24 are provided along the edges of the opening 28 of the wall material 22, which makes it possible to prevent early shear buckling of the wall material 22 due to the transmission of horizontal loads caused by earthquakes, etc., compared to a configuration in which ribs 24 are not provided along the edges of the opening 28, for example.

[0062] In the shear wall 20 of this embodiment, the screw materials 37 that join the column material 104 and the vertical frame material 26 are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the vertical frame material 26. Therefore, compared to a case in which the screw materials 37 are arranged in a row in the extension direction of the vertical frame material 26, when a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the extension direction of the vertical frame material 26 starting from the screw materials 38.

[0063] In the bearing wall 20 of this embodiment, the upper horizontal frame member 42 is joined to the upper horizontal member 106 of the wooden skeleton 102 with screws 38, and the lower horizontal frame member 44 is joined to the lower horizontal member 108 of the wooden skeleton 102 with screws 39. The upper horizontal edge portion 22B of the wall member 22 is joined to the upper horizontal frame member 42 with connectors 30, and the lower horizontal edge portion 22C of the wall member 22 is joined to the lower horizontal frame member 44 with connectors 30. In this way, in the shear wall 20, the upper horizontal frame member 42 and the lower horizontal frame member 44, to which the wall members 22 are joined, are joined to the upper horizontal member 106 and the lower horizontal member 108 with the screws 38, 39. Therefore, compared to, for example, a pair of horizontal frame members joined to a pair of horizontal members with nails, when a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted, horizontal displacement of the upper horizontal frame member 42 relative to the upper horizontal member 106 can be suppressed, and horizontal displacement of the lower horizontal frame member 44 relative to the lower horizontal member 108 can be suppressed. In other words, damage to the joint between the upper horizontal member 106 and the upper horizontal frame member 42 and damage to the joint between the lower horizontal member 108 and the lower horizontal frame member 44 can be suppressed.

[0064] Furthermore, in the shear wall 20, the wall material 22 is joined to the pair of upper cross members 106 and lower cross members 108 via the pair of horizontal frame members 40, so that an increase in the mass of the wall material 22 can be suppressed compared to, for example, forming a bent portion in the wall material 22 and joining this bent portion directly to the pair of upper cross members 106 and lower cross members 108. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the positions at which the pair of upper cross members 106 and lower cross members 108 and the wall material 22 are joined by the connectors 30, errors in the spacing between the upper cross members 106 and lower cross members 108 and in the vertical dimension of the wall material 22 can be absorbed.

[0065] In the shear wall 20 of this embodiment, the screw members 38 that join the upper cross member 106 and the upper cross frame member 42 are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the upper cross frame member 42. Therefore, compared to, for example, a case in which the screw members 38 are arranged in a row in the extension direction of the upper cross frame member 42, when a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the extension direction of the upper cross member 106 starting from the screw members 38. Furthermore, in the shear wall 20, the screw members 39 that join the lower cross member 108 and the lower cross frame member 44 are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extension direction of the lower cross frame member 44. Therefore, compared to, for example, a case in which the screw members 39 are arranged in a row in the extension direction of the lower cross frame member 44, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the extension direction of the lower cross member 108 when a horizontal load due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted.

[0066] In the shear wall 20 of this embodiment, a row of openings 28 is formed between a pair of vertical frame members 26, and therefore, when wrinkle-like out-of-plane deformation occurs in the wall member 22 due to a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like, a tension field (also referred to as a diagonal tension field) is formed in the portion of the wall member 22 between adjacent openings 28 in the vertical direction. In this way, in the shear wall 20, compared to, for example, a wall member 22 without openings 28, the tension field is formed in a more dispersed manner in the vertical direction, and the angle between the direction of the tension field and the direction of the horizontal load is smaller, making it possible to more efficiently resist a large horizontal load.

[0067] In the load-bearing wall 20 of this embodiment, the wall material 22 is provided with a mark 23 indicating the up-down direction, which prevents the wall material 22 from being attached to the wooden structure 102 in the wrong up-down direction at the construction site.

[0068] In the load-bearing wall 20 of this embodiment, an adjustment section 22D for adjusting the vertical length is provided on the lower end side of the wall material 22, so that the length (height) of the wall material 22 can be adjusted at the construction site.

[0069] The shear walls 20 of this embodiment prevent the vertical frame members 26 from being pulled away from the columns 104 due to deformation caused by the transmission of horizontal loads due to earthquakes, etc. Furthermore, an increase in the mass of the wall materials 22 is prevented, and early shear buckling of the wall materials 22 caused by the transmission of horizontal loads due to earthquakes, etc. is prevented. In the wooden building 100 of this embodiment, the use of the shear walls 20 described above increases the seismic energy that can be absorbed per unit wall volume, thereby improving earthquake resistance and increasing the flexibility of floor plans by reducing the number of shear walls 20 installed. Furthermore, by preventing an increase in the mass of the wall materials 22, etc., a decrease in the workability of the wall materials is prevented. As a result, a wooden building 100 can be realized that is safe and can be constructed with less labor.

[0070] [Second embodiment] Next, a bearing wall 70 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Note that the same members as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted or simplified.

[0071] The bearing wall 70 of this embodiment is used in a wooden skeleton 102 in which the distance between adjacent columns 104 is wider than in the first embodiment. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9 , the wall surface members 72 of the bearing wall 70 are wider than the wall surface members 22 of the first embodiment. Furthermore, in the bearing wall 70, an intermediate frame member 74 is disposed between a pair of vertical frame members 26 as a reinforcing member. The intermediate frame member 74 is a piece of wood extending in the vertical direction. The wall surface member 72 is joined to the intermediate frame member 74 with connectors 30. Furthermore, a row of openings 28 is formed in the wall surface member 72 between one of the pair of vertical frame members 26 and the intermediate frame member 74, and a row of openings 28 is formed between the other vertical frame member 26 and the intermediate frame member 74. The upper and lower ends of the intermediate frame member 74 abut against the upper horizontal frame member 42 and the lower horizontal frame member 44, respectively. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration, and the vertical ends of the intermediate frame member 74 may have a slight gap with respect to at least one of the upper horizontal frame member 42 and the lower horizontal frame member 44, or may be connected to at least one of the upper horizontal frame member 42 and the lower horizontal frame member 44 with connectors or the like.

[0072] Next, we will explain the effects of the shear wall 70 of this embodiment. Note that the shear wall 70 of this embodiment has the same configuration as the shear wall 20 of the first embodiment, and therefore the explanation of those parts will be omitted because they have the same effects as the shear wall 20 of the first embodiment.

[0073] In the shear wall 70 of this embodiment, a row of openings 28 is formed between one of a pair of vertical frame members 26 and an intermediate frame member 74, and another row of openings 28 is formed between the other vertical frame member 26 and the intermediate frame member 74. Therefore, in the shear wall 70, when wrinkle-like out-of-plane deformation occurs in the wall member 72 due to a horizontal load caused by an earthquake or the like, a tension field (also referred to as a diagonal tension field) is formed in the portion of the wall member 72 between adjacent openings 28 in the vertical direction. In this way, in the shear wall 70, compared to, for example, a wall member 72 without openings 28, the tension field is formed more dispersed in the vertical direction, and the angle between the direction of the tension field and the direction of the horizontal load is smaller, making it possible to more efficiently resist large horizontal loads.

[0074] The above describes one embodiment of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0075] 20 Load-bearing wall 22 Wall materials 22A Vertical edge 22B Upper side edge 22C Lower lateral edge 22D adjustment section 23 Landmark 24 Ribs 25 Landmark 26 Vertical frame material 28 Aperture 30 Joints 37 Screw material 38 Screw material 39 Screw material 40 Horizontal frame material 42 Upper horizontal frame material 44 Lower horizontal frame material 70 Endurance Wall 100 wooden buildings 102 Wooden Body 104 column material 106 Upper Horizontal Frame Material 108 Lower Horizontal Frame Material UP above W wall direction T wall thickness direction

Claims

1. A bearing wall used in a wooden structure, A pair of wooden vertical frame members arranged horizontally at an interval, extending vertically, and joined to adjacent column members of the wooden skeleton by screw members, respectively; a metal wall material formed in a flat plate shape, having openings spaced apart in the vertical direction, and annular ribs provided along the edges of the openings and protruding from the edges in the plate thickness direction, with both vertical edge portions joined to the pair of vertical frame members by connectors; A load-bearing wall having the following.

2. 2. A shear wall according to claim 1, wherein the screw members joining the pillar members and the vertical frame members are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extending direction of the vertical frame members.

3. The structure further includes a pair of wooden horizontal frame members that respectively abut the upper ends and the lower ends of the pair of vertical frame members, The pair of horizontal frame members are joined by screw members to a pair of horizontal members of the wooden skeleton that respectively abut the upper ends and lower ends of the adjacent pillar members, 2. A shear wall according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower horizontal edges of the wall material are joined to the pair of horizontal frame members by connectors, respectively.

4. 4. A shear wall according to claim 3, wherein the screws joining the cross members and the horizontal frame members are arranged in a staggered pattern in the extending direction of the horizontal frame members.

5. The bearing wall according to claim 1 , wherein the openings are formed in a row between a pair of the vertical frame members.

6. The structure further includes a wooden reinforcing member disposed between the pair of vertical frame members and extending in the vertical direction, The wall material is joined to the reinforcing material by a joining tool, 2. A shear wall according to claim 1, wherein the wall material has a row of openings formed between one of the pair of vertical frame members and the reinforcing material, and a row of openings formed between the other vertical frame member and the reinforcing material.

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