Combustion device and combustion method

Abstract

To provide a combustion device capable of controlling N2O concentration generated during combustion.SOLUTION: A combustion device heats a raw material by burning fuel with an oxygen source, where at least one of the fuel and the oxygen source includes a nitrogen source capable of generating a nitrogen oxide during combustion, and at least one of the fuel and the raw material includes a carbon source capable of generating CO and CO2 during combustion. The combustion device comprises a CO concentration measurement unit that measures CO concentration generated during combustion, and a processing unit that controls combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit, in order to control N2O concentration generated during combustion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to a combustion device and a combustion method. [Background technology]

[0002] The combustion device heats the raw material by burning the fuel with an oxygen source. For example, the combustion device disclosed in Patent Document 1 burns the fuel containing NH3 with an oxygen source.

[0003] During combustion, if at least one of the fuel and oxygen source contains a nitrogen source, NO may be generated. The greenhouse gas potential of NO is approximately 300 times higher than that of CO. This means that NO has a significant impact on the environment. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Special Publication No. 2014-528052 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Therefore, the object is to provide a combustion device and a combustion method that can control the concentration of N2O generated by combustion. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The combustion device heats a raw material by burning a fuel with an oxygen source, wherein at least one of the fuel and the oxygen source includes a nitrogen source capable of generating nitrogen oxides through the combustion, and at least one of the fuel and the raw material includes a carbon source capable of generating CO and CO through the combustion, and the combustion device includes a CO concentration measurement unit that measures the concentration of CO generated through the combustion, and a processing unit that controls the combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit in order to control the concentration of N2O generated through the combustion.

[0007] The combustion method is a combustion method for heating a feedstock by burning a fuel with an oxygen source, wherein at least one of the fuel and the oxygen source includes a nitrogen source capable of generating nitrogen oxides upon combustion, and at least one of the fuel and the feedstock includes a carbon source capable of generating CO and CO upon combustion, the combustion method comprising the steps of measuring a CO concentration generated upon combustion, and controlling the combustion based on the measured CO concentration in order to control the NO concentration generated upon combustion. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of a combustion device according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the combustion device according to the embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a control flow diagram of the combustion device according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] Measurement data of CO concentration and N2O concentration generated by combustion in the combustion device according to the same embodiment [Figure 5] Measurement data of CO concentration and N2O concentration generated by combustion in the combustion device according to the same embodiment [Figure 6] Table showing combinations of fuel, oxygen source and raw material DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] In each drawing, the dimensions of the components may be enlarged or reduced relative to their actual dimensions, for example, to facilitate understanding. Also, in each drawing, for example, to facilitate understanding, some of the components may be omitted.

[0010] Terms including ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are used to describe various components, but these terms are used only to distinguish one component from another, and the components are not particularly limited by these terms. The number of components including ordinal numbers is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, one. Furthermore, the ordinal numbers used in the following specification may differ from the ordinal numbers described in the claims.

[0011] An embodiment of the combustion device will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 6. Note that the following embodiment is provided as an example to aid in understanding the configuration of the combustion device, and is not intended to limit the configuration of the combustion device.

[0012] 1, the combustion device 1 may include, for example, a combustion section 2 that performs combustion, a fuel supply section 3 that supplies fuel to the combustion section 2, an oxygen source supply section 4 that supplies an oxygen source to the combustion section 2, a raw material supply section 5 that supplies raw material to the combustion section 2, and an exhaust section 6 that exhausts exhaust gas from the combustion section 2. Furthermore, the combustion device 1 may include, for example, as in this embodiment, a first CO concentration measurement section 7 and a second CO concentration measurement section 8 that measure the concentration of CO generated by combustion, a temperature measurement section 9 that measures the temperature inside the combustion section 2, and a processing section 10 that controls the combustion.

[0013] The combustion section 2 may include, for example, a combustion chamber 2a to which fuel, an oxygen source, and raw materials are supplied, a burner 2b disposed in the combustion chamber 2a, and an electric heating means 2c for heating the raw materials, as in this embodiment. The combustion chamber 2a may be formed of, for example, bricks.

[0014] Burner 2b may be configured to change the angle and length of the combustion flame, for example. For example, the wider the angle of the combustion flame of burner 2b, the more oxygen sources are involved in the combustion, and the narrower the angle of the combustion flame of burner 2b, the fewer oxygen sources are involved in the combustion. Also, for example, the longer the length of the combustion flame of burner 2b, the more oxygen sources are involved in the combustion, and the shorter the length of the combustion flame of burner 2b, the fewer oxygen sources are involved in the combustion.

[0015] The electric heating means 2c is not particularly limited, but may be configured to heat the raw material by passing an electric current through it. For example, the electric heating means 2c may include electrodes inserted into the raw material to pass an electric current through the raw material that has been melted and turned into a liquid. As a result, for example, the greater the current passing through the raw material, the more the raw material can be heated.

[0016] Although not shown, the fuel supply unit 3 may include, for example, a fuel supply port connected to the combustion chamber 2a and a fuel adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion unit 2. The fuel is not particularly limited, but may be any material (for example, liquid or gas) that generates heat when oxidized (combusted), and may be, for example, a fossil fuel such as heavy oil, city gas, or LP gas (propane gas), ammonia fuel, or both a fossil fuel and ammonia fuel. Furthermore, although not particularly limited, the fuel adjustment unit may be a flow rate adjustment valve.

[0017] Although not shown, the oxygen source supply unit 4 may include, for example, an oxygen source supply port connected to the combustion chamber 2a and an oxygen source adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of oxygen source supplied to the combustion unit 2. The oxygen source is not particularly limited, but may be any material (for example, liquid or gas) that contains at least oxygen (O), and may be, for example, air or oxygen.

[0018] Furthermore, although not particularly limited, for example, when the oxygen source is air, the oxygen source adjustment unit may be an exhaust fan or a blower, or, for example, when the oxygen source is oxygen, the oxygen source adjustment unit may be a flow rate adjustment valve. Note that, when the oxygen source adjustment unit is an exhaust fan, although not particularly limited, the exhaust fan may be disposed in, for example, the discharge unit 6.

[0019] Although not shown, the raw material supply unit 5 may include, for example, a raw material supply port connected to the combustion chamber 2a and a raw material adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of raw material supplied to the combustion unit 2. The raw material supply unit 5 may continuously supply raw material to the combustion chamber 2a, for example, during combustion, or may supply a set amount of raw material to the combustion chamber 2a at once for one combustion and stop supplying raw material to the combustion chamber 2a until the combustion is completed.

[0020] The raw material is not particularly limited, but may contain, for example, a carbon source that can generate CO and CO upon combustion, or may not contain such a carbon source. Note that, for example, a portion of the raw material may be burned (oxidized) as fuel.

[0021] The exhaust section 6 may, for example, as in this embodiment, include a reaction tower 6a that treats the exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion section 2, a dust collector 6b that removes dust from the exhaust gas treated in the reaction tower 6a, a chimney 6c that discharges the exhaust gas from which the dust has been removed by the dust collector 6b to the outside of the combustion device 1, a first exhaust gas flow path 6d that connects the combustion section 2 and the reaction tower 6a, a second exhaust gas flow path 6e that connects the reaction tower 6a and the dust collector 6b, and a third exhaust gas flow path 6f that connects the dust collector 6b and the chimney 6c.

[0022] The reaction tower 6a may, for example, remove specific substances from the exhaust gas. While not particularly limited, the reaction tower 6a may, for example, remove nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides by spraying ozone or NaOH toward the exhaust gas. The discharge section 6 may, for example, not include the reaction tower 6a and the dust collector 6b, and the exhaust gas from the combustion section 2 may be directly discharged from the chimney 6c to the outside of the combustion device 1 without being treated.

[0023] The configurations of the first CO concentration measurement unit 7 and the second CO concentration measurement unit 8 are not particularly limited as long as they are capable of measuring the CO concentration in the exhaust gas (gas). For example, the first CO concentration measurement unit 7 and the second CO concentration measurement unit 8 may be configured to measure the CO concentration inside the exhaust unit 6, as in this embodiment.

[0024] As a result, the CO concentration in the exhaust gas is homogenized as the exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion section 2 to the exhaust section 6, and the homogenized CO concentration can be measured by the first CO concentration measurement section 7 and the second CO concentration measurement section 8. Therefore, the CO concentration generated by combustion can be accurately measured.

[0025] The first CO concentration measuring unit 7 may measure the CO concentration of the exhaust gas inside the first exhaust gas flow path 6d, for example, as in this embodiment. As a result, the first CO concentration measuring unit 7 measures the CO concentration contained in the exhaust gas before it is treated in the reaction tower 6a. Therefore, the exhaust gas measured by the first CO concentration measuring unit 7 has substantially the same components and concentrations as the exhaust gas immediately after being discharged from the combustion unit 2.

[0026] Furthermore, the second CO concentration measuring unit 8 may measure the CO concentration of the exhaust gas inside the third exhaust gas flow path 6f, for example, as in this embodiment. In this way, the second CO concentration measuring unit 8 measures the CO concentration contained in the exhaust gas after it has been processed in the reaction tower 6a and the dust collector 6b. Therefore, the exhaust gas measured by the second CO concentration measuring unit 8 has substantially the same components and concentrations as the exhaust gas discharged to the outside of the combustion device 1 from the chimney 6c.

[0027] The configuration of the temperature measurement unit 9 is not particularly limited, and may be any configuration capable of measuring high temperatures (e.g., 1000°C or higher). The temperature measurement unit 9 may, for example, measure the temperature inside the combustion unit 2 (specifically, the combustion chamber 2a) as in this embodiment. Specifically, the temperature measurement unit 9 may, for example, measure the temperature of the raw material inside the combustion chamber 2a, or may, for example, measure the temperature of the atmosphere (gas) inside the combustion chamber 2a.

[0028] As shown in FIG. 2, the processing unit 10 may include, for example, an acquisition unit 10a that acquires each piece of information (data) from each unit 7 to 9, a storage unit 10b that stores each piece of information, a CO concentration determination unit 10c that determines the CO concentration, a temperature determination unit 10d that determines the temperature, a calculation unit 10e that calculates each piece of information, and a control unit 10f that controls combustion.

[0029] Control unit 10f may control combustion by controlling, for example, at least one of burner 2b, electric heating means 2c, and each of supply units 3 to 5. Specifically, control unit 10f may, for example, control burner 2b to control the angle and length of the combustion flame of burner 2b, control electric heating means 2c to control the amount of heat (output) of electric heating means 2c, control fuel supply unit 3 to control the amount of fuel supplied to combustion unit 2, control oxygen source supply unit 4 to control the amount of oxygen source supplied to combustion unit 2, or control raw material supply unit 5 to control the amount of raw material supplied to combustion unit 2.

[0030] The CO concentration determination unit 10c may determine whether the CO concentration in the exhaust gas is appropriate, for example, based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement units 7 and 8. Then, the control unit 10f may control combustion by controlling the units 2b, 2c, and 3 to 5, for example, based on the determination of the CO concentration determination unit 10c. In this way, the processing unit 10 controls combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement units 7 and 8.

[0031] The control of combustion by the processing unit 10 is not particularly limited. When the CO concentration is lower than a set value, for example, the supply rate of the oxygen source relative to the supply rate of the fuel may be decreased, or the supply rate of the fuel relative to the supply rate of the oxygen source may be increased. When the CO concentration is higher than a set value, for example, the supply rate of the oxygen source relative to the supply rate of the fuel may be increased, or the supply rate of the fuel relative to the supply rate of the oxygen source may be decreased.

[0032] Furthermore, temperature determination unit 10d may determine whether the combustion temperature is appropriate, for example, based on the temperature measured by temperature measurement unit 9. Then, control unit 10f may control combustion by controlling units 2b, 2c, and 3 to 5, for example, based on the determination of temperature determination unit 10d. In this way, processing unit 10 controls combustion based on the temperature measured by temperature measurement unit 9.

[0033] There is no particular limitation on the control of combustion by processing unit 10. When the combustion temperature is higher than a set value, for example, the supply rate of the oxygen source relative to the supply rate of fuel may be reduced, the supply rate of fuel relative to the supply rate of the oxygen source may be reduced, the supply rates of fuel and oxygen source relative to the supply rate of raw material may be reduced, the supply rate of raw material relative to the supply rates of fuel and oxygen source may be increased, the angle or length of the combustion flame of burner 2b may be changed, or the amount of heat applied to the raw material by electric heating means 2c may be reduced.

[0034] Furthermore, when the combustion temperature is lower than the set value, for example, the supply rate of the oxygen source relative to the supply rate of the fuel may be increased, the supply rate of the fuel relative to the supply rate of the oxygen source may be increased, the supply rates of the fuel and oxygen source may be increased relative to the supply rate of the raw material, the supply rate of the raw material may be decreased relative to the supply rates of the fuel and oxygen source may be changed, the angle or length of the combustion flame of burner 2b may be changed, or the amount of heating of the raw material by electric heating means 2c may be increased.

[0035] The processing unit 10 may be a computer including a processor such as a CPU and an MPU (for example, the determination units 10c and 10d, the calculation unit 10e, and the control unit 10f), a memory such as a ROM and a RAM (for example, the acquisition unit 10a and the storage unit 10b), various interfaces (for example, the acquisition unit 10a), etc. As a result, the processor executes a program stored in the memory, and the units 10a to 10f of the processing unit 10 are realized by the cooperation of the software and hardware.

[0036] Furthermore, the processing unit 10 may be configured, for example, as a single device, or may be configured, for example, as a plurality of devices that can communicate with each other. Specifically, the units 10a to 10f of the processing unit 10 may be provided, for example, in a single device, or may be provided, for example, as separate units in a plurality of devices that can communicate with each other.

[0037] Next, the raw material, fuel, and oxygen source according to this embodiment will be described. Note that the raw material, fuel, and oxygen source are not limited to the following.

[0038] In this embodiment, the raw material is a glass raw material (for example, soda-lime glass). Specifically, the raw material is, for example, cullet (crushed glass chips), Na2CO3, CaCO3, carbon (C), etc.

[0039] Cullet is mainly made from crushed glass bottles, etc., and therefore contains not only glass chips but also organic matter such as resin film labels and paper labels, which are carbon sources that can generate both CO and CO2 when burned.

[0040] Carbon (e.g., powdered carbon) is also used, for example, to color glass (e.g., brown), and is a carbon source that can generate both CO and CO2 upon combustion.

[0041] Note that Na2CO3 and CaCO3 generate CO2 upon combustion (thermal decomposition), but do not generate CO (or do not generate CO to a detectable extent). Therefore, in this specification, those that do not generate CO upon combustion, such as Na2CO3 and CaCO3, are not included in the carbon source.

[0042] The glass raw material may be heated to, for example, 1200° C. or higher, specifically 1450° C. or higher, or may be heated to, for example, 2000° C. or lower, specifically 1600° C. or lower, in order to be melted. Thus, in this embodiment, the combustion section 2 is a glass melting furnace.

[0043] In this embodiment, the oxygen source is air. Since air, which is an oxygen source, contains nitrogen, it is also a nitrogen source that can generate nitrogen oxides when burned. In this embodiment, the fuel is a fossil fuel. Therefore, the fuel is a carbon source that can generate CO and CO2 when burned. Although not particularly limited, the fuel may be, for example, city gas or heavy oil.

[0044] Furthermore, because the fuel is a carbon source, CO and CO2 are produced when the fuel is burned (oxidized) by oxygen in the air. For example, when the fuel (carbon source) is burned with an oxygen source that is less than the stoichiometric amount, CO is likely to be produced and CO2 is unlikely to be produced. In other words, when the oxygen source is insufficient and the fuel (carbon source) is burned incompletely, CO is likely to be produced and CO2 is unlikely to be produced.

[0045] On the other hand, when a fuel (carbon source) is combusted with an oxygen source in a stoichiometric amount or more, CO2 is likely to be generated and CO is unlikely to be generated. That is, when a sufficient amount of oxygen source is supplied and the fuel (carbon source) is completely combusted, CO2 is likely to be generated and CO is unlikely to be generated.

[0046] Furthermore, during combustion, the carbon source of the raw material (e.g., organic matter in cullet, carbon, etc.) is oxidized. The amounts of CO and CO2 generated due to the carbon source of the raw material vary: CO is more likely to be generated and CO2 is less likely to be generated when the oxygen source is insufficient (fuel is incompletely combusted), and CO2 is more likely to be generated and CO is less likely to be generated when the oxygen source is sufficiently supplied (fuel is completely combusted).

[0047] In addition, during combustion, nitrogen oxides are generated when nitrogen contained in the air, which is an oxygen source, is oxidized by the oxygen contained in the air. For example, NO is likely to be generated when there is a shortage of oxygen (fuel is incompletely burned) during combustion. On the other hand, when there is a sufficient supply of oxygen (fuel is completely burned) during combustion, NO, mainly consisting of NO, is generated. X is likely to occur.

[0048] Thus, when the oxygen source is insufficient (fuel is incompletely burned) during combustion, CO and N2O are likely to be generated, and CO2 and NO X On the other hand, when a sufficient oxygen source is supplied during combustion (fuel is completely burned), CO2 and NO X is easily generated, but CO and N2O are unlikely to be generated.

[0049] Therefore, there is a correlation between the CO concentration and NO concentration generated by combustion. X There is a correlation between the CO concentration and the NO concentration. X The lower the concentration and the lower the CO concentration, the lower the N2O concentration and the lower the NO X High concentration.

[0050] Therefore, the calculation unit 10e may calculate the concentration of NO generated by combustion, for example, based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement units 7 and 8. Then, the processing unit 10 may display the calculated NO concentration on a display unit (e.g., a monitor) not shown, for example. This allows the concentration of NO generated by combustion to be visually confirmed.

[0051] The calculation unit 10e may calculate the N2O concentration using, for example, a conversion formula for converting the CO concentration into the N2O concentration, or may calculate the N2O concentration using, for example, a table (graph) showing the relationship between the CO concentration and the N2O concentration. The calculation unit 10e may also calculate the N2O concentration based on, for example, not only the CO concentration but also other factors (for example, the combustion temperature of the combustion unit 2, the reaction time in the combustion unit 2, the residual oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, etc.).

[0052] The type of nitrogen oxides generated during combustion is also affected by the combustion temperature (the temperature at which the fuel oxidizes). For example, when the combustion temperature is low, NO is more likely to be generated, while the higher the combustion temperature, the more NO, mainly thermal NO, is generated. XThermal NO is NO generated from nitrogen in the air.

[0053] Therefore, there is a correlation between combustion temperature and NO concentration, and there is also a correlation between combustion temperature and NO, which is mainly NO. X There is a correlation between the NO concentration and the combustion temperature. X The lower the concentration and the higher the combustion temperature, the lower the N2O concentration and the higher the NO X High concentration.

[0054] Next, combustion control of the combustion device 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. Note that the combustion control is not limited to the following control.

[0055] 3, the CO concentration is measured by the first CO concentration measurement unit 7 (S1), and it is determined whether the CO concentration in the exhaust gas is appropriate (S2). Then, for example, as in this embodiment, if the CO concentration is equal to or greater than the second set value and equal to or less than the first set value ("Y" in S3), it may be determined that the CO concentration in the exhaust gas is appropriate, and control to maintain the current combustion may be executed (S4).

[0056] The first set value is equal to or greater than the second set value, and may be different from the second set value (i.e., may be greater than the second set value), or may be the same as the second set value. While not particularly limited, for example, as in this embodiment, the fuel may be burned with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen source, and the second set value may be greater than zero (0 ppm).

[0057] On the other hand, for example, as in this embodiment, if the CO concentration is less than the second setting or greater than the first setting ("N" in S3), it may be determined that the CO concentration in the exhaust gas is inappropriate, and control to change the current combustion may be executed (S5). Note that, although not particularly limited, for example, as in this embodiment, combustion may be controlled by changing the amount of oxygen source supplied to the combustion unit 2.

[0058] As a result, while there is a correlation between the CO concentration and the N2O concentration generated by combustion (the higher the CO concentration, the higher the N2O concentration, and the lower the CO concentration, the lower the N2O concentration), combustion is controlled so that the CO concentration is equal to or lower than the first set value. Therefore, since the CO concentration can be used to control the N2O concentration generated by combustion, for example, the N2O concentration generated by combustion can be set to a desired value, i.e., the N2O standard value.

[0059] Generally, NO concentration measuring devices are not general-purpose products, while CO concentration measuring devices are general-purpose products and inexpensive. By using a CO concentration measuring device instead of an NO concentration measuring device, the NO concentration generated by combustion can be controlled. Therefore, for example, the cost of the combustion device 1 can be reduced.

[0060] Moreover, the CO and NO concentrations generated by combustion X There is a correlation between the CO concentration and the NO concentration. X The lower the concentration and the lower the CO concentration, the X Therefore, the CO concentration is used to control the NO generated by combustion. X The concentration can be controlled, so for example, NO generated by combustion X The NO concentration is the desired value. X It can be made below the standard value.

[0061] Further, the temperature measurement unit 9 measures the combustion temperature (S6), and it is determined whether the combustion temperature is appropriate (S7). Then, for example, as in this embodiment, if the combustion temperature is equal to or greater than the third set value and equal to or less than the fourth set value ("Y" in S8), the combustion temperature is determined to be appropriate, and control to maintain the current combustion may be executed (S9). Note that the fourth set value is equal to or greater than the third set value, and may, for example, be different from the third set value (i.e., may be greater than the third set value), or may, for example, be the same as the third set value.

[0062] On the other hand, for example, as in the present embodiment, if the combustion temperature is less than the third set value or greater than the fourth set value ("N" in S8), the combustion temperature is determined to be inappropriate, and control to change the current combustion may be executed (S10). Note that, although not particularly limited, for example, as in the present embodiment, combustion may be controlled by changing the oxygen source supply amount and the fuel supply amount.

[0063] As a result, combustion is controlled so that the combustion temperature is equal to or higher than the third set value, given that there is a correlation between the combustion temperature and the NO concentration (the higher the combustion temperature, the lower the NO concentration, and the lower the combustion concentration, the higher the NO concentration). Therefore, the NO concentration generated by combustion can be controlled using the combustion temperature, and therefore, for example, the NO concentration generated by combustion can be reliably kept below the NO standard value.

[0064] Moreover, combustion temperature and NO X There is a correlation between the NO concentration and the combustion temperature. X The lower the concentration and the higher the combustion temperature, the greater the NO X The combustion is controlled so that the combustion temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth set value in response to the high concentration of NO. X The concentration can be controlled, so for example, NO generated by combustion X Ensures NO concentration X It can be made below the standard value.

[0065] In addition, combustion is controlled so that the combustion temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth set value. Therefore, the combustion temperature can be prevented from becoming too high, and therefore, for example, the combustion chamber 2a (e.g., bricks) can be prevented from being overheated and damaged.

[0066] Next, the combustion results of the combustion device 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0067] In the combustion device 1 according to this embodiment, combustion was carried out under the following conditions. (1) Fuel: City gas (13A) and heavy oil (2) Oxygen source: Air (3) Raw materials: glass raw materials (cullet, Na2CO3, CaCO3, carbon, etc.) (4) City gas supply: 0.73 km 3 / Hr (5) Heavy oil supply rate: 391.5 kL / Hr (6) Amount of air actually required to burn fuel / Theoretical amount of air required to burn fuel: 0.903~0.915 (7) Combustion temperature: 1450℃~1600℃

[0068] 4 shows the CO concentration and NO concentration measured in the exhaust gas inside the first exhaust gas flow path 6d, i.e., the exhaust gas before being treated in the reaction tower 6a. That is, the CO concentration is the CO concentration measured by the first CO concentration measuring unit 7, and the NO concentration is the NO concentration measured by an NO concentration measuring unit (not shown) tentatively arranged in the first exhaust gas flow path 6d.

[0069] 5 shows the CO concentration and NO concentration measured in the exhaust gas inside the third exhaust gas flow path 6f, i.e., the exhaust gas after being treated in the reaction tower 6a and the dust collector 6b. That is, the CO concentration is the CO concentration measured by the second CO concentration measuring unit 8, and the NO concentration is the NO concentration measured by an NO concentration measuring unit (not shown) tentatively arranged in the third exhaust gas flow path 6f.

[0070] Then, by burning the fuel with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen source, the CO concentration in the exhaust gas inside the first exhaust gas passage 6d was 400 ppm to 2700 ppm, and the N2O concentration was 1.0 ppm to 7.5 ppm, as shown in Fig. 4. Furthermore, the higher the CO concentration, the higher the N2O concentration, and vice versa, so a correlation was confirmed between the CO concentration and the N2O concentration.

[0071] Thereafter, CO is oxidized when the exhaust gas passes through the reaction tower 6a, the dust collector 6b, etc. As a result, the CO concentration in the exhaust gas inside the third exhaust gas passage 6f became 100 ppm to 1850 ppm, as shown in FIG.

[0072] Furthermore, by treating (removing) NO in the reaction tower 6a, the NO concentration in the exhaust gas inside the third exhaust gas passage 6f became 0 ppm. Note that since it takes about 3 minutes for the exhaust gas in the first exhaust gas passage 6d to reach the inside of the third exhaust gas passage 6f, there is a time lag of about 3 minutes between Figures 4 and 5.

[0073] In this way, it was confirmed that when the N2O concentration in the exhaust gas inside the first exhaust gas passage 6d is 7.5 ppm or less, the N2O concentration in the exhaust gas inside the third exhaust gas passage 6f becomes 0 ppm, and N2O is not emitted from the chimney 6c to the outside of the combustion device 1. Therefore, the CO concentration can be used to control the N2O concentration generated by combustion, and further, for example, the N2O concentration emitted to the outside of the combustion device 1 can be set to 0 ppm.

[0074] From the above, as in this embodiment, the combustion method is preferably a combustion method in which a feedstock is heated by burning a fuel with an oxygen source, wherein at least one of the fuel and the oxygen source (the oxygen source in this embodiment) contains a nitrogen source that can generate nitrogen oxides during the combustion, and at least one of the fuel and the feedstock (the fuel and the feedstock in this embodiment) contains a carbon source that can generate CO and CO during the combustion, and the combustion method preferably comprises the steps of measuring the concentration of CO generated during the combustion, and controlling the combustion based on the measured CO concentration in order to control the concentration of NO generated during the combustion.

[0075] Furthermore, as in this embodiment, the combustion apparatus 1 is a combustion apparatus 1 that heats a raw material by burning a fuel with an oxygen source, wherein at least one of the fuel and the oxygen source (the oxygen source in this embodiment) contains a nitrogen source that can generate nitrogen oxides through the combustion, and at least one of the fuel and the raw material (the fuel and the raw material in this embodiment) contains a carbon source that can generate CO and CO through the combustion, and the combustion apparatus 1 is preferably configured to include CO concentration measurement units 7 and 8 that measure the concentration of CO generated through the combustion, and a processing unit 10 that controls the combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit (first CO concentration measurement unit in this embodiment) 7 in order to control the concentration of N2O generated through the combustion.

[0076] With this configuration, there is a correlation between the CO concentration and NO concentration generated by combustion, and the CO concentration measuring units 7 and 8 measure the CO concentration generated by combustion, and the processing unit 10 controls combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7. This makes it possible to control the NO concentration generated by combustion using the CO concentration.

[0077] Furthermore, as in this embodiment, the combustion device 1 preferably includes a combustion section 2 that performs the combustion, an oxygen source supply section 4 that supplies an oxygen source to the combustion section 2, and a fuel supply section 3 that supplies fuel to the combustion section 2, and the processing section 10 controls at least one of the oxygen source supply amount and the fuel supply amount (the oxygen source supply amount in this embodiment) to be supplied to the combustion section 2 based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement section (first CO concentration measurement section in this embodiment) 7.

[0078] According to this configuration, the concentration of CO generated by combustion is controlled by controlling at least one of the amount of oxygen source supply and the amount of fuel supply to the combustion unit 2 based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit 7. This makes it possible to control the concentration of NO generated by combustion.

[0079] Furthermore, as in this embodiment, the combustion device 1 preferably includes a combustion section 2 that performs the combustion and a temperature measurement section 9 that measures the temperature inside the combustion section 2, and the processing section 10 controls the combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement section (first CO concentration measurement section in this embodiment) 7 and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement section 9.

[0080] With this configuration, there is a correlation between the concentration of NO generated by combustion and the temperature inside the combustion section 2, and combustion is controlled based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement section 7 and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement section 9. This makes it possible to reliably control the concentration of NO generated by combustion.

[0081] Furthermore, as in this embodiment, in the combustion device 1, it is preferable that the processing unit 10 includes a calculation unit 10e that calculates the concentration of N2O generated by the combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit (first CO concentration measurement unit in this embodiment) 7.

[0082] According to this configuration, the concentration of N2O generated by combustion is calculated based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit 7, in spite of the fact that there is a correlation between the CO concentration and the N2O concentration generated by combustion.

[0083] Furthermore, as in this embodiment, the combustion device 1 preferably includes a combustion section 2 where the combustion takes place and an exhaust section 6 that exhausts exhaust gas from the combustion section 2, and the CO concentration measurement section (first CO concentration measurement section in this embodiment) 7 measures the CO concentration inside the exhaust section 6.

[0084] According to this configuration, the CO concentration in the exhaust gas is made uniform by discharging the exhaust gas from the combustion section 2 to the exhaust section 6. Furthermore, the CO concentration measuring section 7 measures the CO concentration inside the exhaust section 6, so that the concentration of CO generated by combustion can be accurately measured.

[0085] In the combustion device 1, as in this embodiment, the processing unit 10 controls the combustion so that the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit (first CO concentration measurement unit in this embodiment) 7 becomes equal to or less than a first set value in order to make the concentration of N2O generated by the combustion equal to or less than the N2O standard value. X Concentration of NO X In order to make the CO concentration equal to or less than the reference value, it is preferable that the combustion is controlled so that the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 becomes equal to or greater than a second set value, and the first set value is equal to or greater than the second set value.

[0086] According to this configuration, the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 becomes equal to or less than the first set value by controlling the combustion, and therefore the concentration of N2O generated by the combustion becomes equal to or less than the N2O standard value. Furthermore, the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 becomes equal to or more than the second set value by controlling the combustion, and therefore the concentration of N2O generated by the combustion becomes equal to or less than the N2O standard value. X The concentration is NO X This reduces the concentration of not only N2O generated by combustion but also NO X The concentration can also be kept below the standard value.

[0087] The combustion device 1 and the combustion method are not limited to the configurations of the above-described embodiments, nor are they limited to the above-described effects. Furthermore, the combustion device 1 and the combustion method can, of course, be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, it is of course possible to arbitrarily select one or more of the configurations and methods according to the various modified examples described below and employ them in the configurations and methods according to the above-described embodiments.

[0088] (1) In the combustion device 1 and the combustion method according to the above embodiment, the fuel is a carbon source that is a fossil fuel, the oxygen source is air containing oxygen and nitrogen and is a nitrogen source, and the raw material is a glass raw material containing organic matter and carbon and is a carbon source. However, the combustion device 1 and the combustion method are not limited to such a configuration.

[0089] (1-1) For example, as shown in Fig. 6, the combination of fuel, oxygen source, and raw material may be the combination of Examples 2 to 8 in addition to the combination according to the above embodiment (Example 1 in Fig. 6). In short, it is sufficient that at least one of the fuel and oxygen source contains a nitrogen source capable of generating nitrogen oxides upon combustion, and at least one of the fuel and raw material contains a carbon source capable of generating CO and CO2 upon combustion. In Fig. 6, the nitrogen source is represented by "N" and the carbon source is represented by "C".

[0090] Incidentally, when fuel ammonia is burned, the following phenomenon (a) occurs. (a) When fuel ammonia is burned with an oxygen source, the more insufficient the oxygen source is, the more likely N2O is generated, and the more sufficient the oxygen source is, the less likely N2O is generated. The above event (a) is presumed to occur for the following reasons.

[0091] First, from Publications 1 and 2, the following phenomenon (b) is known. (b) The main reaction pathways for the combustion of fuel ammonia are: from NH3 to NH2, NH, and finally to N2; from HNO to NO; and from NO directly or via N2O to N2. [Publication 1] Hideaki Kobayashi et al., “Significance and Impact of Ammonia Combustion Research,” Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan, Vol. 61, No. 198 (2019), pp. 277-282 [Publication 2] Akihiro Hayakawa and 5 others, “Experimental and numerical study of product gas characteristics of ammonia / air premixed laminar flames stabilized in a stagnation flow”,[online],August 25, 2020,Science Direct <URL:https: / / www.sciencedirect.com / science / article / abs / pii / S1540748920302534>

[0092] Furthermore, from Publications 2 and 3, the following phenomenon (c) is known: (c) Intermediate products of fuel ammonia include NH2, NH, and HNO, and there is a reaction pathway in which the generated NO is reduced to N2 through the following reactions 1 and 2. Reaction 1: NH+NO → NO+H Reaction 2: N2O+H → N2+OH [Publication 3] Ryuichi Murai and three others, “Study on Linear Combustion of Ammonia in Industrial Furnaces,” Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan, Vol. 61, No. 198 (2019), pp. 320-325

[0093] Furthermore, the following phenomenon (d) is known from Publication 1: (d) The less oxygen there is than the stoichiometric amount, the less fuel NO is produced, and the more oxygen there is than the stoichiometric amount, the more fuel NO is produced. Fuel NO is NO produced using the nitrogen content in the fuel as a raw material.

[0094] Due to the above phenomena (b) and (c), NO exists as an intermediate product during the process from NO to N during the combustion of fuel ammonia. As a result, when the amount of NO produced is small, the above reaction 1 for producing NO from NO occurs in large amounts, making it easier for NO to be produced. Conversely, when the amount of NO produced is large, the above reaction 1 for producing NO from NO occurs in small amounts, making it harder for N2O to be produced.

[0095] Furthermore, due to the above phenomenon (d), when fuel ammonia is burned with an oxygen source, the less the oxygen source, the less NO is generated, and the more the oxygen source, the more NO is generated. Therefore, when fuel ammonia is burned with an oxygen source, the more the oxygen source is insufficient, the less NO is generated, so NO is more likely to be generated, and the more the oxygen source is supplied, the more NO is generated, so NO is less likely to be generated. Therefore, the above phenomenon (a) occurs.

[0096] In addition, as in the above phenomenon (d), when fuel ammonia is burned with an oxygen source in a stoichiometric amount or more, the more oxygen source there is, the more NOx is produced, mainly NO. X As a result, fuel ammonia is typically burned with a less than stoichiometric amount of oxygen source.

[0097] In the combinations of Examples 2 to 8, the fact that there is a correlation between the CO concentration and the N2O concentration generated by combustion will be explained below.

[0098] <Example 2> In Example 2, similar to Example 1, the fuel is a fossil fuel and a carbon source, so the more insufficient the oxygen source is, the more likely CO is generated, and the more sufficient the oxygen source is supplied, the less likely CO is generated. Also, in Example 2, similar to Example 1, the air, which is the oxygen source, is a nitrogen source, so the more insufficient the oxygen source is, the more likely NO is generated, and the more sufficient the oxygen source is supplied, the less likely NO is generated.

[0099] Therefore, in Example 2, as in Example 1, there is a correlation between the CO concentration and the NO concentration generated by combustion. Specifically, in Example 2, as in Example 1, the higher the CO concentration, the higher the NO concentration, and the lower the CO concentration, the lower the NO concentration.

[0100] <Examples 3 to 6> In Examples 3 to 6, the fuel contains a fossil fuel and is a carbon source. As a result, in Examples 3 to 6, as in Example 1, the more the oxygen source is insufficient, the more CO is likely to be generated due to the carbon source of the fuel, and the more the oxygen source is supplied, the less CO is likely to be generated due to the carbon source of the fuel.

[0101] Furthermore, in Examples 3 and 5, the raw material is a carbon source. As a result, in Examples 3 and 5, as in Example 1, the more insufficient the oxygen source is, the more likely CO is generated due to the carbon source of the raw material, and the more sufficiently the oxygen source is supplied, the less likely CO is generated due to the carbon source of the raw material.

[0102] In addition, the oxygen source is air and the nitrogen source in Examples 3 and 4. As a result, in Examples 3 and 4, as in Example 1, the more the oxygen source is insufficient, the more likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source in the air, and the more the oxygen source is supplied sufficiently, the less likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source in the air.

[0103] In Examples 3 to 6, the fuel contains fuel ammonia, and therefore the fuel is a nitrogen source. In the combustion of fuel ammonia, the more insufficient the oxygen source is, the more likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source of the fuel, and the more sufficient the oxygen source is, the less likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source of the fuel (the above phenomenon (a)).

[0104] Thus, in the combustion of Examples 3 to 6, the more insufficient the oxygen source, the more likely CO and NO are to be generated, and therefore there is a correlation between the CO concentration and NO concentration generated by combustion in Examples 3 to 6 as well. Specifically, in Examples 3 to 6 as well, the higher the CO concentration, the higher the NO concentration, and the lower the CO concentration, the lower the NO concentration.

[0105] <Examples 7 and 8> In Examples 7 and 8, the raw material is a carbon source. As a result, in Examples 7 and 8, as in Example 1, the more insufficient the oxygen source is, the more likely CO is generated due to the carbon source of the raw material, and the more sufficiently the oxygen source is supplied, the less likely CO is generated due to the carbon source of the raw material.

[0106] In Example 7, the oxygen source is air and the nitrogen source is also air. As a result, in Example 7, as in Example 1, the more the oxygen source is insufficient, the more likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source in the air, and the more the oxygen source is supplied, the less likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source in the air.

[0107] In Examples 7 and 8, the fuel contains fuel ammonia, and therefore the fuel is a nitrogen source. In the combustion of fuel ammonia, the more insufficient the oxygen source is, the more likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source of the fuel, and the more sufficient the oxygen source is, the less likely NO is generated due to the nitrogen source of the fuel (the above phenomenon (a)).

[0108] Thus, in the combustion of Examples 7 and 8, the more insufficient the oxygen source, the more likely CO and NO are to be generated, and therefore, there is a correlation between the CO concentration and NO concentration generated by combustion in Examples 7 and 8 as well. Specifically, in Examples 7 and 8 as well, the higher the CO concentration, the higher the NO concentration, and the lower the CO concentration, the lower the NO concentration.

[0109] (1-2) Furthermore, although not particularly limited, two-stage combustion may be performed when the fuel contains fuel ammonia, as in Examples 3 to 8 of Figure 6. For example, two-stage combustion may include a first combustion in which the fuel is incompletely burned (the fuel is burned with a less than stoichiometric amount of oxygen source), and a second combustion in which the fuel is completely burned. The process may include a secondary combustion (in which the fuel is burned with an oxygen source in an amount greater than or equal to the stoichiometric amount). For example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control the combustion of the primary combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 in order to control the concentration of NO generated by the combustion.

[0110] The method of two-stage combustion is not particularly limited. For example, a method in which primary combustion is performed upstream of the combustion chamber 2a and secondary combustion is performed downstream of the combustion chamber 2a may be used. Alternatively, for example, a method in which primary combustion is first performed in the entire combustion chamber 2a and then secondary combustion is performed in the entire combustion chamber 2a may be used. Alternatively, for example, a method in which primary combustion is performed in a first combustion chamber, and then the raw material is moved to a second combustion chamber and secondary combustion is performed in the second combustion chamber may be used.

[0111] (2) In addition, in the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the processing unit 10 is configured to control the amount of oxygen source supplied to the combustion unit 2 based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration.

[0112] The processing unit 10 may be configured to, for example, control the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion unit 2 based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7, or may be configured to, for example, control the amount of raw material supplied to the combustion unit 2, or may be configured to, for example, control the burner 2b (angle and length of the combustion flame), or may be configured to, for example, control the amount of heat (output) of the electric heating means 2c.

[0113] In short, for example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control at least one of the fuel supply unit 3 (fuel supply amount), the oxygen source supply unit 4 (oxygen source supply amount), the raw material supply unit 5 (raw material supply amount), the burner 2b, and the electric heating means 2c based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit 7.

[0114] (3) Furthermore, in the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the processing unit 10 is configured to control combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the first CO concentration measuring unit 7. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration.

[0115] For example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the second CO concentration measuring unit 8. Alternatively, for example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion based on both the CO concentrations measured by the first CO concentration measuring unit 7 and the second CO concentration measuring unit 8. Alternatively, for example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 that measures the inside of the combustion unit 2.

[0116] (4) Furthermore, in the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the processing unit 10 is configured to control combustion so that the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 is equal to or greater than the second set value and equal to or less than the first set value. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration. For example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion so that the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 is equal to or less than the first set value (for example, it may be less than the second set value) in order to control the concentration of NO generated by combustion.

[0117] (5) In addition, in the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the processing unit 10 is configured to control the amount of oxygen source and the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion unit 2 based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 9. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration.

[0118] Processing unit 10 may be configured to, for example, control the amount of raw material supplied to combustion unit 2 based on the temperature measured by temperature measurement unit 9, or may be configured to, for example, control burner 2b (angle and length of the combustion flame), or may be configured to, for example, control electric heating means 2c (amount of heat and output). In short, processing unit 10 may be configured to, for example, control at least one of fuel supply unit 3 (amount of fuel supplied), oxygen source supply unit 4 (amount of oxygen source supplied), raw material supply unit 5 (amount of raw material supplied), burner 2b, and electric heating means 2c based on the temperature measured by temperature measurement unit 9.

[0119] (6) Furthermore, in the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the processing unit 10 is configured to control combustion so that the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 9 is equal to or greater than the third set value and equal to or less than the fourth set value. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration. For example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion so that the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 9 is equal to or greater than the third set value (for example, it may be greater than the fourth set value) in order to control the concentration of NO generated by combustion.

[0120] (7) Furthermore, in the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the processing unit 10 is configured to control combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 and the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 9. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration. For example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion based only on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7, without taking into account the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 9.

[0121] (8) In the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the processing unit 10 is configured to control combustion using the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit 7. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration. For example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion using the NO concentration calculated by the calculation unit 10e from the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit 7.

[0122] (9) In addition, in the combustion device 1 according to the above embodiment, the calculation unit 10e is configured to calculate the concentration of NO generated by combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit 7. However, the combustion device 1 is not limited to this configuration. For example, the calculation unit 10e does not have to calculate the NO concentration.

[0123] (10) Furthermore, although not particularly limited, for example, the first set value may be the same as the second set value, i.e., zero (0 ppm), in the combustion device 1. Specifically, for example, the processing unit 10 may be configured to control combustion so that the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit 7 becomes zero (0 ppm), that is, so that CO is not generated from the carbon source. [Explanation of symbols]

[0124] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... combustion device, 2... combustion section, 2a... combustion chamber, 2b... burner, 2c... electric heating means, 3... fuel supply section, 4... oxygen source supply section, 5... raw material supply section, 6... discharge section, 6a... reaction tower, 6b... dust collector, 6c... chimney, 6d... first exhaust gas flow path, 6e... second exhaust gas flow path, 6f... third exhaust gas flow path, 7... first CO concentration measurement section, 8... second CO concentration measurement section, 9... temperature measurement section, 10... processing section, 10a... acquisition section, 10b... memory section, 10c... CO concentration determination section, 10d... temperature determination section, 10e... calculation section, 10f... control section

Claims

1. 1. A combustion device that heats a feedstock by combusting a fuel with an oxygen source, comprising: at least one of the fuel and oxygen source comprises a nitrogen source capable of generating nitrogen oxides upon said combustion; At least one of the fuel and the feedstock is preferably a material that produces CO and CO ２ a carbon source capable of generating The combustion device is a CO concentration measuring unit for measuring the concentration of CO generated by the combustion; N generated by the combustion ２ a processing unit that controls the combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit in order to control the O concentration.

2. a combustion unit that performs the combustion; an oxygen source supply unit that supplies an oxygen source to the combustion unit; a fuel supply unit that supplies fuel to the combustion unit, The combustion device according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit controls at least one of an oxygen source supply amount and a fuel supply amount to be supplied to the combustion unit based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit.

3. a combustion unit that performs the combustion; a temperature measuring unit that measures the temperature inside the combustion unit, The combustion device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the processing unit controls the combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit and the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit.

4. The processing unit calculates the N generated by the combustion based on the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit. ２ The combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a calculation unit that calculates the O concentration.

5. a combustion section in which the combustion takes place; an exhaust section that exhausts exhaust gas from the combustion section, The combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the CO concentration measuring unit measures the CO concentration inside the exhaust unit.

6. The processing unit N generated by the combustion ２ O concentration to N ２ In order to make the CO concentration equal to or less than the O reference value, the combustion is controlled so that the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measurement unit is equal to or less than a first set value, and NO generated by the combustion Ｘ Concentration of NO Ｘ controlling the combustion so that the CO concentration measured by the CO concentration measuring unit becomes equal to or greater than a second set value in order to make the CO concentration equal to or less than a reference value; The combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first set value is equal to or greater than the second set value.

7. 1. A combustion method for heating a feedstock by combusting a fuel with an oxygen source, comprising: at least one of the fuel and oxygen source comprises a nitrogen source capable of generating nitrogen oxides upon said combustion; At least one of the fuel and the feedstock is preferably a material that produces CO and CO ２ a carbon source capable of generating The combustion method includes: measuring the concentration of CO generated by the combustion; N generated by the combustion ２ and controlling the combustion based on the measured CO concentration to control an O concentration.

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