Composite particle

Abstract

To provide a composite particle that includes, at a high encapsulation ratio, an active ingredient prone to decomposition or modification by water, and that is provided with usability allowing the active ingredient to be readily taken out during use.SOLUTION: A composite particle contains an active ingredient and a coating agent, wherein the coating agent contains a solid fat and / or a semi-solid fat having a relative dielectric constant of 2.6 or more, and 60 wt.% or more of a total amount of the active ingredient is encapsulated in the coating agent. Preferably, the solid fat and / or the semi-solid fat having a relative dielectric constant of 2.6 or more is contained in an amount of 50 wt.% or more based on a total amount of the coating agent.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to composite particles containing an active ingredient and a coating agent that encapsulates the active ingredient. [Background technology]

[0002] Many active ingredients incorporated into compositions such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals decompose or denature over time when they come into contact with water, resulting in a significant decrease or loss of their desired effects. Therefore, when such active ingredients are incorporated into a composition, they are usually contained in a medium that is substantially free of water.

[0003] However, because aqueous media compositions are easy to use and have an excellent feel, there is a demand for incorporating the above-mentioned active ingredients into aqueous media compositions. For this reason, it has been conventional to coat such active ingredients with a water-insoluble substance to form capsules, thereby shielding the active ingredients from water and stabilizing them. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a water-insoluble substance is precipitated on particles of an active ingredient in an organic solvent to coat the particles, thereby enhancing stability against water. Patent Document 2 also discloses that a wax is used to coat the active ingredient, and a film-forming agent containing wax is sprayed onto the powdered active ingredient. A method using a supercritical fluid has also been proposed as a method for coating an active ingredient with a coating agent. For example, Patent Document 3 discloses that a coating agent dissolved in a supercritical fluid is sprayed onto particles of an active ingredient and solidified at the same time as the supercritical state is released, thereby coating the particles. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 08-325117 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 06-292825 [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 5358948 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In conventional composite technologies, the amount of active ingredient encapsulated in the composite particles is not necessarily large, making it difficult to incorporate the desired amount of active ingredient into a composition in the form of composite particles. Furthermore, the water-blocking properties are not necessarily sufficient, and the stability of the encapsulated active ingredient over time cannot be sufficiently achieved. Furthermore, when using encapsulated active ingredients, they must be removed from the coating (shell), which is usually done by applying an appropriate amount of stress to the shell to cause it to disintegrate. However, to ensure the stability of the active ingredients during storage before use, the shell must have an appropriate strength, which is contrary to the ease with which the shell can disintegrate. In this situation, the objective of the present invention is to provide composite particles that contain an active ingredient that is easily decomposed or denatured by water at a high encapsulation rate and that are easy to use and allow the active ingredient to be easily extracted when in use. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] As a result of intensive research, the inventors have come to the conclusion that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using composite particles that use solid fat and / or semi-solid fat with a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more as a coating agent, and have thus completed the present invention.

[0007] That is, the present invention is as follows. [1] Composite particles containing an active ingredient and a coating agent, The coating agent contains solid fat and / or semi-solid fat having a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more, Composite particles, in which 60% by weight or more of the total amount of the active ingredient is encapsulated in the coating agent. [2] The composite particles according to [1], which contain 50% by weight or more of solid fat and / or semi-solid fat having a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more in the total coating material. [3] The composite particles according to [1] or [2], wherein the solid fat and / or semi-solid fat having a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more contains one or more selected from the group consisting of tristearin, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, beeswax, and hydrogenated rapeseed oil. [4] The composite particles according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the remaining rate of the active ingredient after being left standing in water at 40°C for 24 hours is 30% or more. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The composite particles of the present invention contain an active ingredient at a high encapsulation rate and have excellent shielding properties for the active ingredient from water. Furthermore, the composite particles of the present invention have outer shells that easily collapse under stress, allowing the encapsulated active ingredient to be easily removed by shearing during use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The composite particles of the present invention contain an active ingredient and a coating agent. The coating agent is present in a manner that encapsulates the active ingredient, in other words, forms an outer shell, thereby shielding the active ingredient from contact with other components around the composite particles, such as water. Although the presence of an active ingredient attached to the outside of the shell (exposed and not encapsulated) is not excluded, 60% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, and more preferably 95% by weight or more of the total active ingredient contained in the composite particle is encapsulated in the coating agent. In this specification, the ratio of the active ingredient encapsulated in the coating agent to the total active ingredient contained in the composite particle is referred to as the "encapsulation rate." Furthermore, the active ingredient may be present in one or more locations within the composite particle, so long as 60% by weight or more of the active ingredient is encapsulated in the outer shell.

[0010] The coating agent of the present invention contains solid fat and / or semi-solid fat with a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more. It is preferable that 50% by weight or more, preferably 75% by weight or more, and more preferably 90% by weight or more of the entire coating agent is solid fat and / or semi-solid fat with a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more. There is no particular upper limit, and it may be 100% by weight or less of the entire coating agent. A dielectric constant of 2.6 or higher indicates that the coating agent does not dissolve in carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state. The dielectric constant of carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state is approximately 1.1 to 1.6. The composite particles of the present invention can easily achieve a high encapsulation rate of the active ingredient by a production method using carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state, as described below, and it is essential to use a coating agent suitable for such production. However, composite particles that use solid fat and / or semi-solid fat with a dielectric constant of 2.6 or higher as a coating agent and satisfy the constitution of the present invention are also included in the composite particles of the present invention, even if they are produced by other methods.

[0011] By using solid or semi-solid fat as a coating agent, the outer shell is easily disintegrated by stress, and the encapsulated active ingredient can be easily extracted by shearing during use, resulting in composite particles with excellent usability. Solid means that there is no fluidity at 25°C, and semi-solid means that there is almost no deformation in a stress-free environment at 20°C under 1 atmosphere, but there is a slight stress (10 to 100 g / cm 2 In addition, from the viewpoint of the stability of the composite particles, those with a melting point of 40°C or higher are more preferable.

[0012] Examples of solid fats and / or semi-solid fats with a relative dielectric constant of 2.6 or more include tristearin, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, beeswax, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, etc. Listearin is particularly preferred because it is less likely to cause aggregation of the composite particles. These solid fats and / or semi-solid fats can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0013] The coating agent may have a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more and may contain components other than solid fat and / or semi-solid fat, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, it may contain fatty acid glyceryl such as tri(caprylic acid / capric acid / myristic acid / stearic acid)glyceryl, various polymers, etc. Examples of polymers include plant-based polymers (for example, carrageenan, starch (rice, corn, potato, wheat), glycyrrhizic acid); microbial polymers (e.g., Examples of suitable polymers include natural polymers such as dextran, pullulan, animal polymers (e.g., collagen, casein, albumin, gelatin, etc.), starch-based polymers (e.g., carboxymethyl starch, methylhydroxypropyl starch, etc.), cellulose-based polymers (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose stearoxy ether, sodium cellulose sulfate, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, cellulose powder, etc.), vinyl-based polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, etc.), polyoxyethylene-based polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol 20,000, 40,000, 60,000, etc.), acrylic polymers (e.g., sodium polyacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyacrylamide, etc.), polyethyleneimine, and synthetic polymers such as cationic polymers.

[0014] The active ingredient in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually a solid or liquid at room temperature and normal pressure, and is preferably a solid from the viewpoint of increasing the encapsulation rate. For example, anti-inflammatory agents (glycyrrhizinic acid derivatives, glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, hinokitiol, zinc oxide, allantoin, etc.); whitening agents (placenta extract, saxifrage extract, arbutin, etc.); various extracts (phellodendron bark, coptis rhizome, Lithospermum root, peony, Swertia japonica, birch, sage, loquat, carrot, aloe, mallow, iris, grape, coix seed, loofah, lily, saffron, Cnidium rhizome, angelica, St. John's wort, ononis, garlic, chili pepper, tangerine peel, angelica acutiloba, seaweed, etc.), activators (royal jelly, photosensitizers, cholesterol derivatives, etc.); blood circulation promoters (no Nitric acid valenilamide, nicotinic acid benzyl ester, nicotinic acid β-butoxyethyl ester, capsaicin, zingerone, cantharides tincture, ichthammol, tannic acid, α-borneol, tocopherol nicotinate, inositol hexanicotinate, cyclandelate, cinnarizine, tolazoline, acetylcholine, verapamil, cepharanthine, γ-oryzanol, etc.; antiseborrheic agents (sulfur, thianthol, etc.); anti-inflammatory agents (tranexamic acid, thiotaurine, hypotaurine, etc.); vitamins (vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, E and their derivatives, pantothenic acid and its derivatives) derivatives, biotin, etc.)

[0015] The shape of the composite particles of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably spherical or approximately spherical. The particle size is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 500 μm, more preferably 5 to 100 μm, and even more preferably 10 to 50 μm, which tends to provide a good feel when used. According to the production method using supercritical carbon dioxide described below, fine composite particles of about 10 to 50 μm can be obtained.

[0016] The weight ratio of the active ingredient to the coating agent in the composite particles is preferably 1:2 to 1:15, more preferably 1:5 to 1:15, and even more preferably 1:10 to 1:15. Within this range, a better balance is achieved between the ability to shield the active ingredient and the disintegration by shear. The thickness of the outer shell of the composite particles is not particularly limited as long as the active ingredient is coated. It is not necessary for the particle size to be uniform, nor for the particle size to be uniform.

[0017] The composite particles of the present invention have an active ingredient sufficiently coated with a coating agent, and therefore have excellent shielding properties from water and other substances present outside the composite particles, and this shielding property is maintained, thereby maintaining the stability of the composite particles over time and the chemical stability of the active ingredient. Furthermore, the composite particles of the present invention have an outer shell that is easily disintegrated by stress, and therefore the encapsulated active ingredient can be easily extracted by shearing during use, resulting in excellent usability. Therefore, the composite particles of the present invention are preferably incorporated into compositions such as cosmetics, more preferably into aqueous media, and such compositions are preferably used by application involving shearing.

[0018] The shielding ability of the composite particles of the present invention is confirmed by the fact that the residual rate of the active ingredient is preferably 30% or more after the composite particles are left standing in water at 40° C. for 24 hours. Here, the residual rate is expressed as the ratio of the total active ingredients contained in the composite particles after storage in water to the total active ingredients contained in the composite particles. The amount of the active ingredients at each time point may be quantified by HPLC or the like as in the Examples described later.

[0019] The composite particles of the present invention can be produced by any method, but a production method using carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state is preferred because it is easy to achieve a high encapsulation rate and because it allows the production of finer particles that have a good feel.

[0020] The manufacturing method includes a step of dispersing a molten coating agent and an active ingredient dissolved in a cosolvent in the presence of supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide to obtain a dispersion (dispersion step), and a step of spraying the dispersion into an environment under atmospheric pressure and below the melting point of the coating agent (spouting step). Preferred methods for producing the composite particles of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0021] The cosolvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the coating agent but dissolves the active ingredient. Here, "not dissolving the coating agent" means that the amount of the coating agent that dissolves in the cosolvent is 0.01 wt % or less at a temperature above the melting point of the coating agent and a pressure of 15 MPa. Furthermore, "dissolving the active ingredient" means that the amount of the active ingredient that dissolves in the cosolvent is 1 wt % or more at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The co-solvent is preferably volatile at room temperature and normal pressure, since it is desirable that it volatilizes during the spraying step, is separated from the composite particles, and does not remain in the composite particles that are produced. Specific examples of the cosolvent include alcohols, ketones, toluene, etc., each having a dielectric constant of 10 to 35. Examples of such alcohols include methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, etc., and examples of ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc., and one or more of these can be used. Of these, ethanol is particularly preferred.

[0022] In the dispersion step, a molten coating agent and an active ingredient dissolved in a co-solvent are dispersed in the presence of carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state to obtain a dispersion. The supercritical or subcritical state refers to a state in which carbon dioxide is in a temperature and / or pressure condition higher than its critical value, or lower than but close to its critical value, and carbon dioxide in such a state is normally a fluid.

[0023] The dispersion step is usually carried out in a system such as a closed cell. The pressure inside the cell is preferably 7.5 to 15 MPa, more preferably 7.5 to 12 MPa, and even more preferably 7.5 to 9 MPa. The temperature inside the cell is preferably 35 to 90°C, more preferably 50 to 90°C, and even more preferably 60 to 90°C. Furthermore, stirring inside the cell is preferred since this makes it easier to obtain a dispersion. The stirring speed is preferably 100 to 1000 rpm, more preferably 500 to 1000 rpm, and even more preferably 800 to 1000 rpm. The time for which the dispersion step is carried out is not particularly limited as long as a sufficient dispersion is obtained, but is preferably 5 to 30 minutes, more preferably 15 to 30 minutes, and even more preferably 20 to 30 minutes.

[0024] In the dispersion step, the coating agent is in a molten state and is not dissolved in the carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state. In the dispersion step, the active ingredient is dissolved in the cosolvent. By dissolving the active ingredient in the cosolvent, the core of the active ingredient to be subsequently coated with the coating agent can be made fine, resulting in composite particles with a small particle size and a uniform particle size distribution. In the cell where carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state is present, the molten coating agent and the active ingredient dissolved in the co-solvent come into contact with each other and become a dispersion dispersed within the system.

[0025] The amount of the active ingredient introduced in the dispersion step is preferably 0.1 to 50 g / L, more preferably 0.5 to 20 g / L, and even more preferably 1 to 13 g / L relative to the volume of carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state. Within such a range, sufficient dispersion and coating with a coating agent can be easily achieved. The amount of the coating agent introduced in the dispersion step is preferably 10 to 500 g / L, more preferably 20 to 250 g / L, and even more preferably 30 to 100 g / L relative to the volume of carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state. Within such a range, sufficient dispersion and coating of the active ingredient can be easily achieved. The amount of co-solvent introduced in the dispersion step is preferably 0.1 to 200 g / L, more preferably 0.5 to 150 g / L, and even more preferably 1 to 100 g / L relative to the volume of carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state. Within this range, it becomes easier to dissolve the active ingredient and to volatilize it in the subsequent spraying step.

[0026] The weight ratio of the active ingredient to the coating agent introduced in the dispersion step is preferably 1:2 to 1:15, more preferably 1:5 to 1:15, and even more preferably 1:10 to 1:15. Within this range, the active ingredient can be more easily coated with the coating agent, and the resulting composite particles have a better balance between shielding properties and disintegrability by shear. The amount of cosolvent introduced in the dispersion step is preferably at least 1 time, more preferably at least 3 times, and even more preferably at least 5 times the amount capable of dissolving the entire amount of active ingredient. Within this range, the active ingredient can be easily finely dispersed in a dissolved state. Furthermore, the amount of cosolvent introduced in the dispersion step is preferably less than 3 times, more preferably less than 2.5 times, and even more preferably less than 2 times the amount of coating agent. If the amount of cosolvent is too much compared to the coating agent, it becomes difficult for the coating agent to coat the active ingredient, and composite particles with poor shielding properties tend to result.

[0027] In the jetting step, the dispersion is jetted into an environment at atmospheric pressure and below the melting point of the coating material. Typically, spraying is carried out by transferring the dispersion from a closed system such as a cell in the dispersion process to an environment below the melting point of the coating agent through a spray port equipped with a nozzle or the like. The temperature of the environment at the ejection destination is preferably 10 to 25° C., more preferably 15 to 25° C., and even more preferably 20 to 25° C. The pressure is preferably 0 to 0.2 MPa, more preferably 0 to 0.1 MPa, and even more preferably atmospheric pressure. In the spraying process, the temperature and pressure are suddenly lowered, so that the coating agents that were in contact with each other in the dispersion coat the active ingredient during spraying, and the coating agent immediately solidifies with the active ingredient encapsulated. The cosolvent evaporates, causing the active ingredient to precipitate. As a result, composite particles are obtained in which a solid active ingredient is encapsulated in a solid coating agent shell.

[0028] The nozzle of the injection port serves to adjust the particle size of the composite particles and to make their distribution uniform. The nozzle can have any diameter, for example, a diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm.

[0029] After the ejection step, the composite particles are captured and collected in any suitable manner.

[0030] Composite particles produced by this method not only have a high encapsulation rate but also tend to be fine particles with a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm, and also have an excellent feel when the outer shell is collapsed by shear stress during use. [Example]

[0031] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as it does not depart from the gist of the invention.

[0032] Composite particles were produced using the ingredients shown in Table 1. Specifically, ingredient B was melted at 85°C. Component A was dissolved in ingredient C, and the resulting mixture was added to and mixed with ingredient B. The mixture was then placed in the high-pressure cell of the supercritical carbon dioxide device. The temperature of the high-pressure cell was raised to 80°C, and carbon dioxide was then introduced to increase the pressure to 9 MPa. The contents of the cell were stirred at 940 rpm for 30 minutes, after which the contents of the cell were ejected at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the resulting powder was collected.

[0033] The resulting powder was evaluated as follows, and the results are shown in Table 1. (1) Composite particle formation The powder was visually observed to evaluate whether the active ingredient (3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid) and the coating agent were formed into composite particles. If they were formed into composite particles, they were marked with an O, and if they were not, they were marked with an X.

[0034] (2) Active ingredient content The degree of inclusion of the active ingredient in the coating agent was evaluated by the following procedure. 50 mg of powder was placed in 10 mL of THF, and the coating agent was completely dissolved at room temperature. Purified water was then added to make 100 mL. 6 mL of this solution was taken and purified water was added to make 10 mL. This was used as a sample solution and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The "initial amount" of the active ingredient in the powder was calculated from the peak area. Note that the initial amount includes the active ingredient encapsulated in the coating agent in the powder and the active ingredient not encapsulated in the coating agent but exposed on the powder surface. Separately, 50 mg of powder was placed in 100 mL of purified water and allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, 6 mL of the aqueous solution was collected and purified water was added to make 10 mL. This was used as a sample solution and measured by HPLC. The "initial unencapsulated amount," which is the amount of active ingredient that was not encapsulated in the coating agent and was exposed on the powder surface, was calculated from the peak area. The initial encapsulation rate of the active ingredient was calculated using the following formula, and the encapsulation was evaluated as follows: an initial encapsulation rate of 60% or more was marked as ◯, and an initial encapsulation rate of less than 60% was marked as ×. [Initial Included Amount] = [Initial Amount] - [Initial Non-Included Amount] [Initial inclusion rate] (%) = [Initial inclusion amount] / [Initial amount] x 100

[0035] (3) Water-impermeable The water blocking ability of the active ingredient in the powder was evaluated by the following procedure. 50 mg of powder was placed in 100 mL of purified water and allowed to stand at 40°C. After 24 hours, one week, or two weeks, the aqueous solution was collected and used as a sample solution for measurement by HPLC, and the "elution amount" was calculated from the peak area. The remaining rate of the active ingredient was calculated using the following formula and used as an evaluation value for water impermeability. [Residual amount]=[Initial amount]-[Elution amount] [Residual rate](%)=[Residual amount] / [Initial amount]×100

[0036] (4) Collapsibility 10 mg of powder was placed on the back of the hand, and the ease of disintegration of the outer shell was evaluated when shear stress was applied by moving the fingers back and forth. The fingers were moved back and forth 10 times, and the magnitude of the shear stress was the same as when applying a normal cosmetic product, and an experienced evaluator performed the test so that a uniform shear stress was applied for each sample. After applying the shear stress, the back of the hand was visually observed, and if particles remained, it was marked with an X, and if not, it was marked with an O.

[0037] The HPLC conditions used in the present examples were as follows: column: Inertsil ODS column 4.6 × 150 mm; column temperature: 40°C; mobile phase: anionic sulfonic acid surfactant, aqueous phosphoric acid solution / THF 17%, pH: 3; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min; detection: 240 nm.

[0038] [Table 1]

Claims

1. A composite particle containing an active ingredient and a coating agent, The coating agent contains solid fat and / or semi-solid fat having a relative dielectric constant of 2.6 or more, Composite particles in which 60% by weight or more of the total amount of the active ingredient is encapsulated in the coating agent.

2. 2. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the coating agent contains 50% by weight or more of solid fat and / or semi-solid fat having a dielectric constant of 2.6 or more.

3. 2. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the solid fat and / or semi-solid fat having a relative dielectric constant of 2.6 or more contains one or more selected from the group consisting of tristearin, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, beeswax, and hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

4. 4. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the residual rate of the active ingredient after being left standing in water at 40° C. for 24 hours is 30% or more.

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