Waste treatment equipment reactor

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating solid, liquid and gaseous waste, in particular the present invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste by plasma-chemical destruction. The technical effect obtained by the present invention is to implement a reactor for the destruction of organic and inorganic substances in residential solid and / or liquid waste. The technical effect is obtained by a reactor provided in the form of a closed cavity, the closed cavity having an inlet connected to a waste feed device and an outlet for the delivery of the destroyed gaseous products. The inner surface of the cavity is made fully or partially conductive and an electrode is inserted into the reactor. The electrode is spaced from the conductive surface and is connected to a high voltage pulse source. Furthermore, the gap size between the electrode and the conductive surface of the cavity allows the formation of a plasma stream by corona discharge.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating solid, liquid and gaseous waste, in particular the present invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste by plasma-chemical destruction. [Background technology]

[0002] According to Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2741004 (published on January 22, 2021), a method for converting solid organic waste is known in which the conversion of solid organic waste is carried out by steam plasma gasification to obtain synthesis gas. The process is carried out using a high-temperature plasma reactor, which uses water vapor as a plasma-forming gas and provides a temperature of about 1600-2000 °C in the active area.

[0003] This type of reactor has the limitation of incomplete conversion of solid organic waste, since the result is also synthesis gas that is to be converted, and it is not possible to convert non-organic materials in residential solid waste. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2741004 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] One technical advantage of the present invention is the implementation of a single reactor for the destruction of organic and inorganic materials in residential solid and / or liquid waste. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The technical effect is obtained by a reactor in the form of a closed cavity having an inlet connected to a waste supply and an outlet for delivering the destroyed gaseous products. The inner surface of the cavity is fully or partially conductive, and an electrode is inserted into the reactor. The electrode is spaced from the conductive surface and connected to a high voltage pulse source. The gap size between the electrode and the conductive surface of the cavity allows the formation of a corona discharge plasma stream.

[0007] Preferably, the electrodes are cylindrical and have sharp tips.

[0008] Preferably, the electrodes are made of steel.

[0009] In one embodiment, the bottom of the cavity is covered with a conductive aqueous liquid.

[0010] Preferably, the gap between the electrode and at least a portion of the conductive surface inside the cavity or the surface of the conductive aqueous liquid covering said portion is set within the range of 5 to 50 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the conductive portion of the inner surface of the cavity is made of steel or other metal and is grounded.

[0012] In one embodiment, the non-conductive surfaces inside the cavity may have a protective coating made of a dielectric material.

[0013] In one embodiment, a cylindrical electrode is provided with wings in the form of a steel belt with a short side attached to the electrode and a long side of the steel belt facing the electrode, and the wings are angled relative to the electrode toward the sharp tip of the electrode.

[0014] Preferably, the angle between the steel belt and the electrode axis is 20 to 60 degrees.

[0015] Preferably, 3 to 6 steel belts are used.

[0016] In one embodiment, the cavity bottom is flat and conductive, and a cylindrical electrode is oriented horizontally on the bottom and has a gap therebetween.

[0017] In one embodiment, a steel grid is fixed parallel to the bottom with insulating spacers attached to the bottom, the grid has openings for the cylindrical electrodes, which form gaps around the electrodes, and the free ends of the wings abut the insulating spacers that are fixed to the grid.

[0018] Preferably, the gap around the cylindrical electrode is set in the range of 3-10 mm, which is smaller than the gap between the tip and the conductive base of the cylindrical electrode.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure inside the reactor is 0.1 to 1 Pa lower than atmospheric pressure.

[0020] In one embodiment, a negative pressure is created inside the reactor by connecting an electrostatic filter with a suction fan to the delivery port.

[0021] Preferably, the reactor is constructed to limit the ingress of air.

[0022] In one implementation, air ingestion is limited by using a fluff that seals the inlet of the reactor. The fluff is pre-formed by pressurizing the waste material prior to feeding the material into the reactor.

[0023] The present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross section of a reactor having the following design: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The invention can be carried out in a reactor having a body. The reactor body has an inlet 2 connected to a facility 11, which is used to meter and feed the solid and / or liquid waste to be treated. The facility 11 is arranged to limit the amount of air fed to the reactor. The reactor body has an outlet 3, which is used to remove gaseous destruction products and is further connected to an electrostatic filter having a suction fan. The inner surface 5 and part of the bottom 10 of the cavity are made of steel. An electrode 6 is inserted into the cavity of the body 1 through an insulating spacer 7. The electrode 6 is connected to a high voltage pulse source 8. The tip 9 of the electrode 6 is oriented with a gap of 20 mm against the conductive bottom 10 of the reactor body 1.

[0026] The device operates in the following manner: High-voltage pulses are supplied to the electrode 6 from a high-voltage pulse source 8. As is known from reference 1, each pulse induces a large plasma flow at the tip 9 of the electrode 6. The plasma flow is multiplied and diffused towards the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1, gradually filling the gap between the electrodes and forming a corona discharge. After this, for example some pressed solid residential waste is transported from the installation 11 into the device. The waste to be treated is metered and transported through the inlet 2, limiting the intake of atmospheric air into the body 1 through the inlet 2. The plasma of the corona discharge acts on the water contained in the waste fed in, and when the water molecules are destroyed H2O→OH·+H·, radicals are generated. Besides, the plasma flow of the pulsed corona discharge forms other active substances in the reactor, namely O3, O2(a1Δ), H2O2, OH, O( 3P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3. The corona discharge is also a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The active substances and UV radiation act destructively on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste being treated, ensuring that they are decomposed to form harmless gaseous products, namely water and carbon dioxide. Due to the corona discharge, the inorganic substances in the waste are destroyed by the acids HNO2 and HNO3 that are formed in the reactor. The process of oxidation of organic substances in water is a chain reaction (Reference 2). A slow chain reaction can be induced by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. A fast chain reaction is induced by hydroxyl radicals. In other words, the device performs a plasma-chemical destruction of the organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste. The destroyed gaseous products flow into the outlet of the reactor.

[0027] Thus, the technical effect is achieved by the installation performing plasma-chemical destruction of organic and inorganic substances in residential waste.

[0028] -References- 1. А.А. С.И. / / Журнал Discharge-induced chemical reactions in dielectric-gas-liquid configurations. 2004. T. 78.No. 7. P. 1326-1331. (Aristova NA,Piskarev IM,Ivanovskiy AV,Selemir VD,Spirov GM,Shlepkin SI. Chemical reactions induced by discharges in dielectric-gas-liquid configurations. / / «Journal of Physical Chemistry», 2004, Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 1326-1331) 2. Пискарев И.М. Пискарев И.М. / / Журнал общей химии. 2001. Т. 71. Вып. 10. С. 1622. (Piskarev IM Water oxidation-reduction processes induced by discharges above the water surface / / Journal of General Chemistry, 2001, Volume 71, No. 10, Page 1622.) [Explanation of symbols]

[0029] 1. Reactor body having an internal cavity 2 Inlet 3 outlet 4. Inner surface of reactor cavity 5. Conductive parts of the inner surface of the reactor cavity 6 Sharp electrodes 7 Insulating spacer 8 High voltage pulse source 9 Electrode Tip 10 Conductive bottom of reactor 11 Equipment for measuring and supplying waste to be treated 12 Electrostatic filter with suction fan

Claims

1. 1. A reactor for use in a waste treatment device, the reactor being provided in the form of a cavity, the cavity having an inlet for connecting to a waste supply facility and an outlet for delivering the destroyed gas products, the inner surface of the cavity being fully or partially conductive, the reactor further characterized in that an electrode is inserted into the reactor, the electrode being spaced from the conductive surface and connected to a source of high voltage pulses, and when the high voltage pulses are supplied to the electrode, a plasma flow of a pulsed corona discharge is formed due to a gap dimension between the electrode and the conductive surface of the cavity.

2. 2. The reactor for use in a waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is a cylindrical electrode having a sharp tip.

3. 2. The reactor for use in a waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are made of steel.

4. 2. The reactor for use in a waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the cavity is covered with a conductive aqueous liquid.

5. 2. The reactor for use in the waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a gap dimension between the electrode and at least a part of the conductive inner surface of the cavity is 5 to 50 mm.

6. The reactor for use in the waste treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that a gap dimension between the electrode and a surface of the conductive aqueous liquid covering the partial conductive inner surface of the cavity is 5 to 50 mm.

7. 2. The reactor for use in the waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive portion of the inner surface of the cavity is made of steel or other metal and is grounded.

8. 2. A reactor for use in a waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-conductive inner surface of said cavity has a protective coating made of a dielectric material.

9. 2. The reactor for use in a waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical electrode is provided with wings, the wings being arranged such that the short side of the electrode is attached to the electrode in the form of a steel belt, the long side of the steel belt faces the electrode, and the wings form an angle with respect to the electrode toward the sharp tip of the electrode.

10. The reactor for use in a waste treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the angle between the steel belt and the electrode axis is 20 to 60 degrees.

11. 9. The reactor for use in a waste treatment device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the cylindrical electrode is provided with 3 to 6 steel belts.

12. 2. The reactor for use in a waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of said cavity is flat and conductive, and further wherein said cylindrical electrode is oriented with a horizontal gap at said bottom.

13. A reactor for use in a waste treatment device as described in claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a steel grid is fixed parallel to the bottom of the cavity by an insulating spacer attached to the bottom, the steel grid has an opening for the cylindrical electrode, thereby forming a gap around the cylindrical electrode, and the free ends of the wing portions contact the insulating spacer fixed to the steel grid.

14. The reactor used in the waste treatment device according to claim 12, characterized in that the gap dimension around the cylindrical electrode is 3-10 mm, but smaller than the gap dimension between the electrode end and the conductive bottom.

15. The reactor for use in the waste treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the pressure inside the reactor is 0.1 to 1 Pa lower than atmospheric pressure.

16. 15. The reactor used in the waste treatment device according to claim 14, wherein the negative pressure inside the reactor is provided by connecting an electrostatic filter and a suction fan to the outlet.

17. A reactor for use in the waste treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that air entering the reactor is restricted.

18. 17. A reactor for use in a waste treatment device as described in claim 16, characterized in that the intake of air is restricted by a cotton-like material sealing the inlet of the reactor, and the cotton-like material is pre-formed by pressurizing the waste before it is fed into the reactor.

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