How to treat household waste at low temperatures

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for managing domestic waste, in particular to a method for treating waste by a method of plasma-chemical destruction. The present invention aims to obtain a technical effect that broadens the scope of the technical solution by providing a method for destroying domestic waste under a low-temperature process similar to that of the environment. The technical effect is obtained by a destruction method. Domestic waste is fed into a reactor through an inlet, which further restricts the ingress of atmospheric air into the reactor. The reactor is provided in the form of a closed cavity, the inner surface of which is fully or partially conductive and grounded. An electrode projects into the reactor, which is further separated from the grounded surface. A high voltage pulse is provided to the electrode. The pulse causes a corona discharge current to form in the gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for managing household waste, and in particular to a method for treating waste by plasma chemical destruction. [Background technology]

[0002] In the known method for treating solid organic waste, which is carried out in an apparatus according to Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2741004 (published on January 22, 2021), the solid organic waste is converted by steam plasma gasification to produce synthesis gas for treatment. The treatment is carried out in a high-temperature plasma reactor, in which water vapor is used as the plasma support gas, and the temperature in the reaction zone is about 1600-2000°.

[0003] The disadvantages of this method are that it requires a large amount of heating, the solid organic waste is not treated thoroughly, and the synthesis gas produced after treatment must also be treated.In addition, non-organic substances in the waste cannot be treated by this method. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2741004 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The object of the present invention is to achieve the technical effect of expanding the scope of technical solutions by providing a method for destroying domestic waste at a processing temperature as low as the ambient temperature. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The technical effect is obtained by a destruction method. Domestic waste is fed into a reactor through an inlet opening, which further restricts the ingress of atmospheric air into the reactor. The reactor is provided in the form of a closed cavity, the inner surface of which is fully or partially conductive and earthed. An electrode protrudes into the reactor, which is further spaced apart from the earthed surface. A high voltage pulse is provided to the electrode. The pulse causes a corona discharge current to form in the gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

[0007] Based on Reference 1, each pulse creates a large amount of plasma flow near the tip of the electrode. The plasma flow starts to multiply and diffuse towards the grounded conductive surface of the reactor cavity, gradually filling the gap between the electrodes and forming a corona discharge. The plasma of the corona discharge current acts on the water contained in the load waste, and radicals are formed by the decomposition of water molecules H2O→OH·+H·. In addition, other active substances are converted into O3, O2(a 1 Δ), H2O2, OH, O( 3 P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3 are formed. The corona discharge also produces ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above active substances and UV radiation destroy any organic and inorganic substances contained in the domestic waste, completely destroying them and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic substances in the domestic waste are destroyed by acids. The oxidation process of organic substances in water is a chain reaction (Reference 2). A slow chain reaction can be induced by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. A fast chain reaction is induced by hydroxyl radicals. In other words, the method provides for the plasma-chemical destruction of organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste.

[0008] In one embodiment of the method, the conductive portion of the inner surface of the reactor cavity is pre-covered with a layer of aqueous liquid, which aids in forming the active particles within the reactor.

[0009] Preferably, the gap dimension between the electrode and at least one of the conductive portions on the inner surface of the reaction cavity or on the surface of the aqueous liquid covering said portion is set within the range of 5 to 50 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the household waste is fed into the reactor in a metered manner.

[0011] Preferably, the quantity of domestic waste is fed into the reactor in a compressed form, further restricting atmospheric air from entering the reactor.

[0012] Preferably, the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by 0.1 to 1.0 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

[0013] In one implementation of the method, a vacuum is applied to the delivery section of the reactor to reduce the pressure within the reactor. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross section of a reactor in which the process for which protection is sought is carried out. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] The method is realized by using a reactor in the form of a closed body 1 with a grounded conductive bottom 10. An electrode 6 with a tip 9 protrudes into the body 1. The tip 9 is separated from and points towards the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1. A portion of compressed waste is fed from a device 11, which feeds the waste to be treated through an inlet 2 of the body 1 in a metered manner, while limiting the entry of atmospheric air into the body 1. A high-voltage pulse source 8 provides high-voltage pulses to the electrode 6. As is known from Reference 1, each pulse generates a large amount of plasma flow near the tip 9 of the electrode 6. The plasma flow starts to multiply and diffuse towards the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1, gradually filling the gap between the electrodes and forming a corona discharge of the plasma flow. The plasma of the corona discharge acts on the water contained in the waste load, and when it further breaks down the water molecules, radicals are formed: H2O→OH·+H·. In addition, other active substances are converted into O3, O2(a) and O4(b) in the reactor by the corona discharge. 1 Δ), H2O2, OH, O( 3P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3 are formed. Almost all the energy of the electrons in the plasma is used to form the specified active particles by dissociating, activating the electronic state and setting new rotation and vibration levels of the gas remaining in the reactor. This forms a corona discharge of the plasma flow, so that no significant heating of the gas occurs. The above active substances and UV radiation destroy any organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste being treated, completely destroying them and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic substances in the waste are destroyed by acids. The oxidation process of organic substances in water is a chain reaction (Reference 2). A slow chain reaction can be induced by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. A fast chain reaction is induced by hydroxyl radicals. In other words, the organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste are plasma-chemically destroyed in the device. The temperature of the main body 1 and the gas leaving the main body 1 through the outlet 3 are close to the environmental temperature. In fact, all the electric pulse energy is consumed to form active particles, which significantly accelerates the natural reaction of oxidation of domestic waste. The destroyed gas products pass through outlet 3 of the reactor.

[0016] Accordingly, a particular technical effect is achieved by providing a method for the plasma chemical destruction of organic and non-organic matter in household waste at near ambient temperatures.

[0017] -References- 1. Aristova N.A., Piskarev I.M., Ivanovskiy A.V., Selemir V.D., Spirov G.M., Shlepkin S.I. Initiation of Chemical Reactions under the Action of an Electric Discharge in a Solid Dielectric - Gas - Liquid System / / Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2004. Vol. 78. No. 7. Pp. 1326 - 1331. (Aristova N.A.,Piskarev I.M.,Ivanovskiy A.V.,Selemir V.D.,Spirov G.M.,Shlepkin S.I. Initiation of Chemical Reactions Induced by Discharge in a Solid Dielectric - Gas - Liquid Arrangement / / Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2004, Vol.78, #7, pp.1326 - 1331) 2. Piskarev I.M. Oxidation - Reduction Processes in Water Initiated by an Electric Discharge above Its Surface / / Journal of General Chemistry. 2001. Vol. 71. No. 10. P. 1622. (Piskarev I.M. Oxidation - Reduction Processes in Water Induced by Discharge above the Water Surface / / Journal of General Chemistry, 2001, Vol.71, Issue10, p.1622)

Explanation of Symbols

[0018] 1 Reactor body with internal cavity 2 Inlet 3 Outlet 4 Inner surface of the reactor cavity 5 Conductive part of the inner surface of the reactor cavity 6 Point electrode 7 Insulating member 8 High - voltage pulse source 9 Electrode end 10 Conductive bottom of the reactor 11 Equipment for measuring and supplying the amount of waste to be treated 12 Electrostatic filter with extraction fan to lower pressure to the delivery section of the reactor

Claims

1. A method for low-temperature treatment of domestic waste, comprising the steps of: feeding domestic waste through an inlet into a reactor; restricting atmospheric air from entering the reactor; the reactor being in the form of a closed cavity, the inner surfaces of which are wholly or partially conductive and grounded; and providing an electrode into the reactor, said electrode being spaced from the grounded surface, with a high voltage pulse applied to the electrode, the pulse forming a corona discharge current in a gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

2. 2. The method for low-temperature treatment of domestic waste according to claim 1, wherein the conductive portion of the inner surface of the reactor cavity is covered in advance with a layer of water-containing liquid.

3. 2. The method for low-temperature treatment of household waste according to claim 1, wherein a gap dimension between the electrode and at least one conductive portion on the inner surface of the cavity is within a range of 5 to 50 millimeters.

4. 3. The method for low-temperature treatment of household waste according to claim 2, wherein the gap dimension between the electrode and the surface of the aqueous liquid covering the conductive portion of the inner surface of the cavity is within a range of 5 to 50 mm.

5. The method for low-temperature treatment of domestic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the domestic waste is fed into the reactor in a fixed amount.

6. 6. The method for low-temperature treatment of domestic waste according to claim 5, characterized in that the domestic waste is fed into the reactor in a compressed form, and further restricts atmospheric air from entering the reactor.

7. The method for low-temperature treatment of household waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by 0.1 to 1.0 Pa below atmospheric pressure.

8. 8. The method for treating domestic waste at low temperatures according to claim 7, wherein a vacuum is formed at the outlet of the reactor.

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